CN104341390B - 一种植物源农药烟碱和毒藜碱的不对称合成方法 - Google Patents
一种植物源农药烟碱和毒藜碱的不对称合成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N (-)-Nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- MTXSIJUGVMTTMU-JTQLQIEISA-N (S)-anabasine Chemical compound N1CCCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 MTXSIJUGVMTTMU-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 229960002715 nicotine Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 229930014345 anabasine Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Natural products CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000011914 asymmetric synthesis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- -1 cyclic imide Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- JGKPXPAPXYTBFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N P.[Ir].C1CN=CO1 Chemical compound P.[Ir].C1CN=CO1 JGKPXPAPXYTBFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- ZHXUWDPHUQHFOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dibromopyridine Chemical class BrC1=CC=C(Br)N=C1 ZHXUWDPHUQHFOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229930182840 (S)-nicotine Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 5
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002024 ethyl acetate extract Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium butane Chemical compound [Li+].CCC[CH2-] DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Butyllithium Substances [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- GJJYYMXBCYYXPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-oxopyrrolidine-1-carboxylate Chemical class CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CCCC1=O GJJYYMXBCYYXPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical class ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009876 asymmetric hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical group C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- IRJNJBIOUYJBHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine Chemical compound CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1.CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 IRJNJBIOUYJBHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007039 two-step reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
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- QWXYZCJEXYQNEI-OSZHWHEXSA-N intermediate I Chemical compound COC(=O)[C@@]1(C=O)[C@H]2CC=[N+](C\C2=C\C)CCc2c1[nH]c1ccccc21 QWXYZCJEXYQNEI-OSZHWHEXSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 0 *CC=C[C@@]1C=CC=NC1 Chemical compound *CC=C[C@@]1C=CC=NC1 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JEYWNNAZDLFBFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nafoxidine Chemical group C1CC2=CC(OC)=CC=C2C(C=2C=CC(OCCN3CCCC3)=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 JEYWNNAZDLFBFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- MYKUKUCHPMASKF-VIFPVBQESA-N (S)-nornicotine Chemical compound C1CCN[C@@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 MYKUKUCHPMASKF-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- YYFLDZZDOUDZQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[1-[[4-(3-phenylquinolin-2-yl)phenyl]methyl]piperidin-4-yl]-1h-benzimidazol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1NC2=CC=CC=C2N1C(CC1)CCN1CC(C=C1)=CC=C1C1=NC2=CC=CC=C2C=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 YYFLDZZDOUDZQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000024827 Alzheimer disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- CHZKJOCIGFQUMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC(C)C(C)C=N Chemical compound CCC(C)C(C)C=N CHZKJOCIGFQUMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000020401 Depressive disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-Proline Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930182821 L-proline Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MYKUKUCHPMASKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nornicotine Natural products C1CCNC1C1=CC=CN=C1 MYKUKUCHPMASKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000027089 Parkinsonian disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010034010 Parkinsonism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010039966 Senile dementia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000218 acetic acid group Chemical group C(C)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 102000015296 acetylcholine-gated cation-selective channel activity proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108040006409 acetylcholine-gated cation-selective channel activity proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000007171 acid catalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930013930 alkaloid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000003797 alkaloid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005576 amination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001414 amino alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QNEFNFIKZWUAEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OC(O)=O QNEFNFIKZWUAEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003169 central nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- FZFAMSAMCHXGEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro formate Chemical compound ClOC=O FZFAMSAMCHXGEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001231 choline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940125904 compound 1 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940125782 compound 2 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000012839 conversion disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002027 dichloromethane extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000749 insecticidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OFKBTNFPESAEHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium phosphane Chemical compound P.[Ir] OFKBTNFPESAEHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000419 plant extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002429 proline Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种植物源农药烟碱和毒藜碱的不对称合成方法。以廉价易得的2,5‑二溴吡啶为起始原料经过两步得到氢化前体环状亚胺,并在手性催化剂铱‑膦噁咗啉的诱导下以高对映选择性得到重要的氢化产物中间体,中间体经过两步即可得到左旋烟碱,中间体经过一步就可转化为左旋毒藜碱。含吡啶基团的环状亚胺的不对称氢化为该方法的关键步骤。本发明使用铱‑膦噁唑啉手性催化剂催化该不对称氢化反应并能以很高的ee值得到关键中间体,接着通过甲基化和还原去溴两步反应转化得到目标产物天然烟碱(nicotine)和毒藜碱(anabasine)。本发明操作稳定,纯度高,成本低。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种植物源农药烟碱(nicotine)和毒藜碱(anabasine)的不对称合成方法,含吡啶基团的环状亚胺的不对称氢化为该发明中的关键步骤。
背景技术
天然烟碱(左旋)是一种含吡啶环和四氢吡咯环的手性胺生物碱,在1828年被首次分离得到,并于1904年被Pictet首次合成。由于其特殊的结构,它在农药和医药方面都显示了特有的生物活性,在农药方面可以作为杀虫剂使用,而在医药方面作为经典的烟碱乙酰胆碱受体又可以治疗老年痴呆症、帕金森症、精神分裂症和抑郁症等其他的中枢神经系统疾病。毒藜碱又名新烟碱,和烟碱具有类似的生物活性,具有一定的杀虫作用。
科学家们根据研究,普遍认为烟碱及其衍生物对烟碱乙酰胆碱受体的亲和力左旋构型(S)是右旋构型(R)的10-100倍,而目前市场上所用的左旋烟碱主要来源于植物提取,因此受到了原材料、气候以及周期等多方面因素的影响。所以,天然烟碱的不对称合成研究工作是许多化学家们所关注的焦点。
文献Journal of Organic Chemistry,1982,47,1069-1073;Chavdarian等首次报道合成了光学活性的烟碱(反应式1)。他们从有光学活性的L-Proline作为初始原料制得含四氢吡咯环的氨基醇模块。在此基础上,通过5步反应得到了目标产物(S)-nicotine,然而ee值却只有24%。
反应式1:
文献Journal of Organic Chemistry,1985,50,5419-5421;Seeman等报道了拆分(±)nornicotine的工作。他们使用氯甲酸薄荷酯,酰化消旋物。然后分离非对映体,使用酸催化,去除氨基甲酸盐。每种对映体的光学纯度都在99%以上。但手性拆分方法成本较高,且后处理工作量大。
文献Organic&Biomolecular Chemistry,2005,3,3266;Helmchen等报道了一种通过金属Ir催化烯丙基还原氨化的策略完成了(S)-nicotine的不对称合成,其ee值高达99%(反应式2).
反应式2:
文献Journal of Organic Chemistry,2008,73,4017-4026;该工作是利用一种新螺硼酸酯催化诱导含吡啶环的链状亚胺的不对称还原,并将此方法应用在烟碱衍生物的合成中。
反应3:
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种植物源农药烟碱和毒藜碱的不对称合成方法,可以克服已有技术的不足。它是一条原子经济性合成路线即用不对称催化氢化策略来合成植物源农药烟 碱和毒藜碱。本发明为一种铱-膦噁唑啉手性催化剂催化该不对称氢化反应并能以很高的ee值得到关键中间体,接着通过甲基化和还原去溴两步反应转化得到目标产物天然烟碱(nicotine)和毒藜碱(anabasine)。
本发明提供一种植物源农药烟碱和毒藜碱的不对称合成方法是以廉价易得的2,5-二溴吡啶为起始原料经过两步得到氢化前体环状亚胺3和4,并在手性催化剂铱-膦噁咗啉5的诱导下以高对映选择性得到重要的氢化产物中间体6和8,中间体6经过两步即可得到左旋烟碱,中间体8经过一步就可转化为左旋毒藜碱。
本发明涉及一种植物源农药烟碱和毒藜碱的不对称合成方法。含吡啶基团的环状亚胺的不对称氢化为该方法的关键步骤。一种铱-膦噁唑啉手性催化剂催化该不对称氢化反应并能以很高的ee值得到关键中间体,接着通过甲基化和还原去溴两步反应转化得到目标产物天然烟碱(nicotine)和毒藜碱(anabasine)。本发明操作稳定,纯度高,成本低。
具体实施方式:
以下通过实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明,这并不限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件以及手册中所述的条件,或按照制造厂商所建议的条件;所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
1)中间体1和2的合成
三口圆底烧瓶,氩气保护下加入2,5-二溴吡啶(2.37g,10mmol)并用25ml乙醚溶解。溶液搅拌冷却至-78℃,然后缓慢滴加n-BuLi的正己烷溶液(1.6M,7.5ml),滴加过程中保持-78℃,滴加完毕后继续-78℃搅拌30min,接着缓慢滴加1-Boc-2-吡咯烷酮(1.85g,10mmol)或者1-Boc-2-哌啶烷酮(1.99g,10mmol)的5ml乙醚溶液.滴加过程中保持-78℃,滴加完毕后继续-78℃搅拌1小时,然后混合物升至室温,用饱和氯化铵水溶液淬灭反应,乙酸乙酯萃取,无水MgSO4干燥,旋干,得粗产物并用乙醚重结晶得中间体1和2均为白色固体。中间体1(yield 77%,m.p.:112-114℃).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.87(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),8.04(dd,J=8.3,2.4Hz,1H),7.58(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),4.63(s,1H),3.20(d,J=6.3Hz,2H),2.98(t,J=7.0Hz,2H),2.11-1.74(m,2H),1.39(s,9H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ197.46,156.10,150.04,146.85,137.59,131.22,128.42,79.36,39.80,36.00,28.37,24.22.中间体2(yield 81%,m.p.:106-107℃.)1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.89(s,1H),8.07(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.61(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),4.66(s,1H),3.17(d,J=5.8Hz,2H),2.99(t,J=7.0Hz,2H),1.87-1.73(m,2H),1.66-1.52(m,2H),1.43(s,9H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ197.73,156.01,150.03,146.80,137.59,131.21,128.42,79.19,40.07,38.34,29.52,28.41,20.76.
2)环状亚胺3和4的合成
化合物1(4.1g,12mmol)或化合物2(4.3g,12mmol)溶于48ml二氯甲烷,然后缓慢滴入冰浴条件下的98%H2SO4(3.36g)和60ml二氯甲烷的混合溶液,滴加完毕后升至室温继续反应5小时,然后加入2M的NaOH溶液至碱性(pH=10-11),再继续搅拌1小时。混合物用二氯甲烷萃取,合并有机相,无水硫酸镁干燥,旋干,得到粗产品,用硅胶柱层析得环状亚胺3和4均为淡黄色固体.环状亚胺3(yield 84%,m.p.:125-126℃).1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.72(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),8.06(dd,J=8.3,2.4Hz,1H),7.54(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),4.38-3.81(m,2H),3.23-2.68(m,2H),2.09(dt,J=15.7,7.7Hz,2H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ170.01,149.34,143.87,137.10,129.55,128.05,61.79,34.77,22.58.环状亚 胺4(yield 78%,m.p.:40-42℃).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.68(s,1H),7.98(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.48(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),3.89-3.80(m,2H),2.61-2.55(m,2H),1.88-1.84(m,2H),1.71-1.67(m,2H).
3)氢化产物6和8的合成
手套箱中称取手性催化剂(Sa,S)-5(84.5mg,0.045mmol)((Sa,S)-5的合成参考文献Journal of American Chemical Society,2006,128,12886-12891)加入一反应管中,于氩气氛围下加入4mL重蒸1,4-dioxane,然后加入I2(114mg,0.45mmol)和环状亚胺3(1.08g,4.5mmol)或环状亚胺4(1.15g,4.5mmol),,迅速将反应管放入高压釜中。用氢气置换反应釜中的气体五次,最后充入50atm氢气。室温下反应24小时,缓慢释放反应釜中的气体,旋干用硅胶柱层析纯化,洗脱液为MeOH∶EA∶Et3N=100∶100∶1,氢化产物6为淡黄色固体,m.p.:45-48℃.98%ee.[α]D 25-31.0(c 1.0,MeOH).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.15(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.42(dd,J=8.2,2.4Hz,1H),7.23(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),3.95(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),2.98(ddd,J=10.1,7.6,5.5Hz,1H),2.86(ddd,J=10.0,8.2,6.9Hz,1H),2.12(s,1H),2.07-1.98(m,1H),1.72-1.67(m,2H),1.45-1.40(m,1H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ148.84,140.22,139.85,137.05,127.76,59.24,46.90,34.46,25.43.氢化产物8为无色液体,90%ee.[α]D 25-16.6(c1.0,MeOH).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.34(s,1H),7.62(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.43(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),3.63(d,J=9.7Hz,1H),3.19(d,J=11.5Hz,1H),2.79(t,J=11.3Hz,1H),2.30(s,1H),1.98-1.85(m,1H),1.81-1.73(m,1H),1.68-1.63(m,1H),1.62-1.44(m,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ148.92,140.59,139.98,137.15,127.92,59.04,47.49,34.80,25.44,25.03.
4)中间体7的合成
氢化产物6(1.13g,5mmol)加入9ml 88%甲酸和4.6ml 37%甲醛的混合溶液。混合物在80℃下反应5个小时,然后冷至室温,固体碳酸钾少量分多次加入直至反应液为碱性(pH=10-11),乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相,无水硫酸镁干燥,旋干,得粗产品。用硅胶柱层析,得到中间体7为淡黄色油状液体,yield 75%,[α]D 25-131(c 1.0,CHCl3).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.30(s,1H),7.59(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.46(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),3.24(t,J=8.5Hz,1H),3.08(t,J=8.3Hz,1H),2.32(q,J=9.0Hz,1H),2.26-2.14(m,4H),2.02-1.95(m,1H),1.89-1.78(m,1H),1.76-1.66(m,1H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ149.75,140.61,138.50,137.68,128.09,68.06,56.96,40.35,35.32,22.63.
5)(S)-烟碱的合成
25ml的圆底烧瓶中加入中间体7(1.2g,5mmol),20ml MeOH和80mg Pd/C,并用氢气球置换三次,常温下反应1个小时,过滤催化剂,旋干,柱层析,以91%的产率得到目标产物(S)-烟碱,淡黄色油状液体,96%ee.[α]D 25-98.5(c 0.6,EtOH).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.64-8.39(m,1H),7.68(dt,J=7.9,1.8Hz,1H),7.23(dd,J=8.5,4.1Hz,1H),3.31-3.15(m,1H),3.06(t,J=8.3Hz,1H),2.28(dd,J=17.8,9.2Hz,1H),2.23-2.12(m,4H),1.98-1.89(m,1H),1.85-1.78(m,1H),1.74-1.66(m,1H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ149.53,148.61,138.73,134.93,123.64,68.91,57.04,40.39,35.17,22.60.HRMS(ESI)calcd for[C10H14N2,M+H]+:163.1235,Found:163.1241.
6)(S)-毒藜碱的合成
合成方法同(S)-烟碱。Yield 95%,90%ee.[α]D 25-72.3(c0.8,MeOH).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.68(s,1H),8.51-8.47(m,1H),7.95(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.31-7.25(m,1H),3.89(s,1H),3.29(d,J=11.8Hz,1H),2.90(t,J=12.1Hz,1H),2.09-1.60(m,7H).13CNMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ148.35,147.90,135.59,134.23,122.74,58.37,45.73,31.39,23.10,22.59.HRMS(ESI)calcd for[C10H14N2,M+H]+:163.1235,Found:163.1240。
Claims (2)
1.一种植物源农药烟碱和毒藜碱的不对称合成方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
1)氩气保护下,2,5-二溴吡啶的乙醚溶液在-78℃下与n-BuLi的正己烷溶液混合,然后与1-Boc-2-吡咯烷酮或1-Boc-2-哌啶烷酮混合反应;室温下用饱和氯化铵水溶液淬灭反应,乙酸乙酯萃取,粗产物干燥,旋干,并用乙醚重结晶得中间体1和2;
2)二氯甲烷作为溶剂,中间体1或2与浓H2SO4反应,然后用NaOH溶液中和并至碱性,用二氯甲烷萃取产物,干燥,旋干,粗产品用硅胶柱层析,分别得环状亚胺3和4;
3)高压釜中加入手性催化剂铱-膦噁唑啉(Sa,S)-5的1,4-二氧六环溶液、I2以及环状亚胺3或环状亚胺4,用氢气置换反应釜中的气体五次,最后充入50atm氢气,室温下反应24小时,缓慢释放反应釜中的气体,旋干,用硅胶柱层析纯化,得到氢化产物6或氢化产物8;
4)80℃下,氢化产物6于甲酸和甲醛的混合溶液中反应5个小时,冷至室温,加碳酸钾反应液为碱性,乙酸乙酯萃取,产物干燥,旋干,用硅胶柱层析,得到中间体7;
5)常温下,将中间体7、MeOH和Pd/C混合,用氢气置换三次,反应1个小时,过滤除去催化剂,旋干,柱层析,得到(S)-烟碱;
6)常温下,将氢化产物8、MeOH和Pd/C混合,用氢气置换三次,反应1个小时,过滤除去催化剂,旋干,用硅胶柱层析,得到(S)-毒藜碱。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于底物环状亚胺3或4和手性催化剂(Sa,S)-5a的摩尔比为100。
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