CN104341032B - 一种低渗透油田高粘度压裂废液混凝处理方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种低渗透油田高粘度压裂废液混凝处理的方法；高粘度压裂废液处理时混凝剂各组分投加量分别为500～1000mg/l的聚合氯化铝，50～100mg/l的碳酸钾，1000～3000mg/l的80/100目黄绵土，7～15mg/l的聚丙烯酰胺；投加顺序为黄绵土、聚合氯化铝、碳酸钾、聚丙烯酰胺；混凝时间控制在30min以内，泥量在10%以内，处理后上清液SS控制在10mg/l以下；该方法可用于处理粘度＞5mPa.s的高粘度压裂废液，克服了常规混凝不能有效去除高粘压裂废液杂质、絮体虚浮、不易下沉、泥量大的缺点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及废液处理领域，特别涉及一种低渗透油田高粘度压裂废液（压裂废液粘度＞5mPa.s）混凝处理方法。
背景技术
油井压裂储层改造是低渗透油田开发和老井改造的常用措施，但压裂改造作业会产生大量的压裂废液。压裂废液具有粘度高、COD高等特点，含有多种难于生化降解的高分子聚合物、固体悬浮物、原油、细菌及微生物等，对环境和人类健康产生不良影响。压裂废液中含有胍胶等大量的有机物，且因携砂需要需交联形成冻胶；因此高粘度是压裂废液的显著特点，高粘度虽然不是污染指标，但却影响压裂废液的处理效果。高粘度废液的流动性较差，投加的化学药剂在压裂废水中很难扩散，传质作用缓慢，造成反应时间很长，混凝过程中絮体虚浮、泥量大、沉淀时间长，处理效果差。尤其是压裂返排初期压裂液破胶不完全，压裂废液粘度＞5mPa.s，使混凝药剂量加大，反应慢，絮体虚浮易上浮，泥量大于30%。
混凝、沉淀是常用的废水处理技术，也是压裂废液主体处理技术。压裂废液经混凝、沉淀处理后废液中悬浮物、胶体物质大幅度降低，有机物、COD也能显著降低，但高粘度废液将大大消弱混凝处理效果，不仅导致处理剂加量增大，且导致絮体虚浮、泥量大，沉淀时间长，大大影响了处理效果和效率。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种低渗透油田高粘度压裂废液混凝处理方法；在以PAC、PAM为主的常规混凝剂体系中，加入K2CO3不仅可调节废液pH，去除部分钙、镁等离子，且K+利于储层稳定，有益于处理水的再利用；为克服高粘度压裂废液处理反应效果差、絮体不易沉淀等缺点，考虑取材方便和低成本要求，选择当地黄绵土作为促凝剂，可促进絮体进一步密实、加快沉淀，提高处理效果和废水回收率。
本发明所述的一种低渗透油田高粘度压裂废液混凝处理所用的混凝剂体系，其各组分加入高粘度压裂废液的量分别为：
聚合氯化铝（PAC）500～1000mg/l
碳酸钾（K2CO3）50～100mg/l
80/100目黄绵土1000～3000mg/l
聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）7～15mg/l。
本发明所述的混凝剂体系特别适用于油田高粘度压裂废液处理及再利用，在投加混凝剂PAC、PAM前先投加1000～3000mg/l的黄绵土，可提高絮体密度，缩短沉淀时间，促进废液中悬浮物、胶体的聚集和沉淀。所用黄绵土为黄土塬区当地常见土壤类型，粒度为80/100目，吸水性较好，搅拌时间短，成本低。所述的高粘压裂废液混凝剂体系，其特征在于：混凝剂体系中添加50～100mg/L的碳酸钾（K2CO3），不仅可控制钙、镁离子，K+具有稳定储层的作用，利于处理水再利用。所述的高粘压裂废液混凝剂体系对各组分投加顺序有严格要求，尤其是要首先投加黄绵土，搅拌均匀后依次投加PAC、K2CO3和PAM。
本发明对油田高粘度压裂废液处理效果显著。对不同区块、不同体系的压裂废液，可根据现场废液特征，调整配方成分比例，提高混凝效率，使混凝时间控制在30min以内，泥量在10%以内，处理后上清液SS控制在10mg/l以下。
压裂废液尤其是返排初期的压裂废液一般粘度较高，提高作为压裂废液主体处理技术的混凝过程的效果，对提高处理水质和效率、降低处理成本有重要意义，对促进废液处理、减少污染、保护环境也有积极影响，具有广阔的应用前景。
本发明所使用的PAC、PAM、K2CO3可以从市场购得，所用黄绵土为黄土高原当地常见土壤类型，加工成本低廉。
具体实施方式
本发明的目的是采用以下方式实现的，下面结合实施例及实验例进行详细说明。
实施例1
取陇东油田X17-42井压裂返排30min废液样，废液粘度为8.4mPa.s、SS为346mg/l、色度为621、COD为6470mg/l。投加2000mg/l的黄绵土，搅拌1min；再投加700mg/l的PAC，快速搅拌1min；投加50mg/l的K2CO3，搅拌2min；最后投加10mg/l的PAM，慢速搅拌5min。静止15min后，絮体泥量沉淀至10%以下，取上清液测SS、色度、COD等指标，见表1。
表1压裂废液处理情况
Claims (1)
1.一种低渗透油田中压裂废液混凝处理的方法，所述压裂废液的粘度＞5mPa.s，其特征在于：
所述压裂废液处理时混凝剂各组分投加量分别为：
聚合氯化铝500～1000mg/l
碳酸钾50～100mg/l
80/100目黄绵土1000～3000mg/l
聚丙烯酰胺7～15mg/l；
投加顺序为黄绵土、聚合氯化铝、碳酸钾、聚丙烯酰胺；混凝时间控制在30min以内，泥量在10％以内，处理后上清液SS控制在10mg/l以下。
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1331659A (zh) * | 1998-11-07 | 2002-01-16 | 宝洁公司 | 循环水的处理方法及其使用的组合物 |
| CN101475290A (zh) * | 2009-01-21 | 2009-07-08 | 大庆油田有限责任公司 | 一种压裂返排液回收处理工艺 |
| CN102774897A (zh) * | 2012-04-23 | 2012-11-14 | 克拉玛依市三达新技术开发有限责任公司 | 一种聚驱及二元复合驱-sp-污水的处理方法 |
| CN103159351A (zh) * | 2013-03-29 | 2013-06-19 | 北京矿冶研究总院 | 压裂返排液处理后用于配液的成分调节装置及方法 |
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| JP4790589B2 (ja) * | 2006-12-26 | 2011-10-12 | パナソニック株式会社 | 廃液の処理装置及び処理方法 |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1331659A (zh) * | 1998-11-07 | 2002-01-16 | 宝洁公司 | 循环水的处理方法及其使用的组合物 |
| CN101475290A (zh) * | 2009-01-21 | 2009-07-08 | 大庆油田有限责任公司 | 一种压裂返排液回收处理工艺 |
| CN102774897A (zh) * | 2012-04-23 | 2012-11-14 | 克拉玛依市三达新技术开发有限责任公司 | 一种聚驱及二元复合驱-sp-污水的处理方法 |
| CN103159351A (zh) * | 2013-03-29 | 2013-06-19 | 北京矿冶研究总院 | 压裂返排液处理后用于配液的成分调节装置及方法 |
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