CN104334541A - 使用低聚氧代哌嗪非肽螺旋模拟物对低氧诱导基因表达的控制 - Google Patents
使用低聚氧代哌嗪非肽螺旋模拟物对低氧诱导基因表达的控制 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及模拟HIF-1α中C端转录激活结构域的螺旋αB的低聚氧代哌嗪。本发明还公开了含有这些低聚氧代哌嗪的药物组合物和使用这些低聚氧代哌嗪的方法(例如,减少基因转录、治疗或预防由HIF-1α与CREB-结合蛋白和/或p300的相互作用介导的病症、减少或预防组织中的血管新生、诱导细胞凋亡和减少细胞存活和/或增殖)。
Description
本申请要求2012年2月16日提交的美国临时专利申请序列号61/599,763的权益,所述申请以引用的方式整体并入本文。
本发明是在美国政府支持下,根据美国国家科技基金会(NationalScience Foundation)授予的批准号CHE-0848410来完成。美国政府享有本发明的某些权利。
发明领域
本发明涉及低聚氧代哌嗪,其包括实质上模拟低氧诱导因子1α中C端转录激活结构域的螺旋αB的序列。
发明背景
如图1所例示,血管新生,即新血管的诱导,是正常生长以及各种病症发病机理的关键。在癌症中,血管新生加速实体瘤的生长并且通过新形成的脉管系统来为转移提供通路。对比来说,治疗性血管新生对减少组织局部缺血的影响和预防器官衰竭来说是重要的。血管新生的过程受许多特异性促分裂原的严密控制,其中血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和其受体起着关键作用。VEGF水平在大量的肿瘤中被上调并且在致癌信号传导中起着关键作用。在细胞和组织中,VEGF基因的转录通过低氧诱导因子来调节。这些低氧诱导因子中,低氧诱导因子1(“HIF-1”)是大多数器官中氧依赖性转录的主要调节剂并且负责增加低氧诱导基因的表达。HIF-1由氧敏感性α亚基和组成型表达β亚基组成。在富氧条件下,HIF-1α被羟基化(Ivan等,“HIFα Targeted forVHL-mediated Destruction by Proline Hydroxylation:Implications forO2 Sensing,”Science 292:464-8(2001))、泛素化并且通过泛素-蛋白酶体系统降解。在低氧情况下,HIF-1α是稳定的并且易位到核中,其中与它的组成型表达结合配偶体,即芳基烃受体核易位蛋白(“ARNT”)(Wood等,“The Role of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor NuclearTranslocator(ARNT)in Hypoxic Induction of Gene Expression,”J.Biol.Chem.271:15117-23(1996))的异源二聚化引起与关联低氧反应元件(“HRE”)的结合(Forsythe等,“Activation of Vascular Endothelial GrowthFactor Gene Transcription by Hypoxia-inducible Factor 1,”Mol.Cell.Biol.16:4604-13(1996))。然后异二聚体募集转录辅激活因子p300、CBP和SRC-1,从而引起低氧诱导基因的上调。对低氧诱导因子活性的调节包括三个关键步骤:(i)抑制两个脯氨酸残基的羟基化以排除HIF-1α与pVHL(泛素连接酶复合物的一部分)相互作用,从而防止HIF-1α的蛋白酶体破坏;(ii)通过因子抑制HIF-1α(“FIH”)抑制Asn803的羟基化(Lando等,“FIH-1 Is an Asparaginyl Hydroxylase Enzyme ThatRegulates the Transcriptional Activity of Hypoxia-inducible Factor,”Genes & Develop.16:1466-71(2002)),以便允许辅激活因子的募集,从而触发低氧诱导基因过表达,所述低氧诱导基因包括编码以下的基因:血管生成肽,如VEGF和VEGF受体VEGFR-1(Flt-1)以及VEGFR-2(KDR/Flk-1);以及牵涉变化能量代谢的蛋白,如葡萄糖转运蛋白GLUT1和GLUT3,以及己糖激酶1和2(Forsythe等,“Activation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene Transcription byHypoxia-inducible Factor 1,”Mol.Cell.Biol.16:4604-13(1996);Okino等,“Hypoxia-inducible Mammalian Gene Expression Analyzed in Vivo ata TATA-driven Promoter and at an Initiator-driven Promoter,”J.Biol.Chem.273:23837-43(1998));以及(iii)启动子结合的HIF-1α/1β与辅激活因子蛋白p300(或同源CREB结合蛋白,CBP)的相互作用,从而导致转录的上调。
p300/CBP的富含半胱氨酸-组氨酸结构域1(“CH1”)与HIF-1α的C端转录激活结构域(“C-TAD786-826”)之间的相互作用(Freedman等,“Structural Basis for Recruitment of CBP/p300 by Hypoxia-inducibleFactor-1α,”Proc.Nat’l Acad.Sci.USA 99:5367-72(2002);Dames等,“Structural Basis for Hif-1α/CBP Recognition in the Cellular HypoxicResponse,”Proc.Nat’l Acad.Sci.USA 99:5271-6(2002))介导低氧诱导基因的转录激活(Hirota & Semenza,“Regulation of Angiogenesis byHypoxia-inducible Factor 1,”Crit.Rev.Oncol.Hematol.59:15-26(2006);Semenza,“Targeting HIF-1 for Cancer Therapy,”Nat.Rev.Cancer 3:721-32(2003))(参见图2A)。如图2A至图2C所例示,结构研究为这种转录因子-辅激活因子的相互作用提供了分子学基础,并且从HIF-1α中鉴定出两种短α-螺旋结构域,它们是p300识别HIF-1α的关键决定簇(Freedman等,“Structural Basis for Recruitment ofCBP/p300 by Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α,”Proc.Nat’l Acad.Sci.USA99:5367-72(2002);Dames等,“Structural Basis for Hif-1 α/CBPRecognition in the Cellular Hypoxic Response,”Proc.Nat’l Acad.Sci.U.S.A.99:5271-76(2002))。这些结构域的合成模拟物可抑制HIF-1α/p300或HIF-1α/CBP复合物形成并且调节转录。有助于两个螺旋之一(PDB代码1L8C,残基139-147)的结合的关键残基在图2C中示出。
因为HIF-1α C-TAD与转录辅激活因子p300/CBP的相互作用是转录应答中的显著扩增点,所以这种相互作用由设计过的蛋白配体的破坏是抑制癌症中的有氧糖酵解和血管新生(即新血管的形成)的有效手段(Hirota & Semenza,“Regulation of Angiogenesis byHypoxia-inducible Factor 1,”Crit.Rev.Oncol.Hematol.59:15-26(2006);Rarnanathan等,“Perturbational Profiling of a Cell-line Model ofTumorigenesis by Using Metabolic Measurements,”Proc.Nat’l Acad.Sci.USA 102:5992-7(2005);Underiner等,“Development of VascularEndothelial Growth Factor Receptor(VEGFR)Kinase Inhibitors asAnti-angiogenic Agents in Cancer Therapy,”Curr.Med.Chem.11:731-45(2004))。虽然HIF-1α C-TAD与p300/CBP的接触表面较大但是对这种蛋白-蛋白相互作用的抑制并不需要直接进行干扰。取而代之,诱导对结合配偶体(p300/CBP)中的一个的结构改变可足以破坏复合物(Kung等,“Small Molecule Blockade of TranscriptionalCoactivation of the Hypoxia-inducible Factor Pathway,”Cancer Cell6:33-43(2004))。
虽然过去已经证明了使用小分子抑制核蛋白-蛋白相互作用是困难的(Arkin & Wells,“Small-molecule Inhibitors of Protein-ProteinInteractions:Progressing Towards the Dream,”Nat.Rev.Drug Discov.3:301-17(2004)),但是对高亲和力蛋白配体的筛选已取得一些值得注意的成果(Kung等,“Small Molecule Blockade of TranscriptionalCoactivation of the Hypoxia-inducible Factor Pathway,”Cancer Cell6:33-43(2004);Issaeva等,“Small Molecule RITA Binds to p53,Blocksp53-HDM-2 Interaction and Activates p53 Function in Tumors,”Nat.Med.10:1321-8(2004);Lepourcelet等,“Small-molecule Antagonists ofthe Oncogenic Tcf/β-Catenin Protein Complex,”Cancer Cell 5:91-102(2004);Vassilev等,“In Vivo Activation of the p53 Pathway bySmall-molecule Antagonists of MDM2,”Science 303:844-8(2004);Grasberger等,“Discovery and Cocrystal Structure ofBenzodiazepinedione HDM2 Antagonists That Activate p53 in Cells,”J.Med.Chem.48:909-12(2005);Ding等,“Structure-based Design ofPotent Non-peptide MDM2 Inhibitors,”J.Am.Chem.Soc.127:10130-1(2005);Berg等,“Small-molecule Antagonists of Myc/Max DimerizationInhibit Myc-induced Transformation of Chicken Embryo Fibroblasts,”Proc.Nat’l Acad.Sci.USA 99:3830-5(2002);De Munari等的国际专利公布号WO 2006/066775)。两种小分子——毛壳素1(Hauser等,“Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Chaetocin,”Helv.Chim.Acta53(5):1061-73(1970))和毛壳菌素2(Waksman & Bugie,“Chaetomin,aNew Antibiotic Substance Produced by Chaetomium Cochliodes I.Formation and Properties,”J.Bacteriol.48:527-30(1944))已被证明可抑制HIF-1α C-TAD与p300/CBP之间的相互作用并且衰减低氧诱导转录。尽管初期的报道令人鼓舞,但是仍然需要进一步设计HIF-1途径的抑制剂,因为1和2两者在实验动物中均已诱发凝固性坏死、贫血、白细胞增多。鉴定出无副作用或副作用减小的其它HIF-1途径抑制剂将是合乎需要的。
本发明旨在克服本领域中的这些和其它不足。
发明概述
本发明的一个方面涉及一种式I的低聚氧代哌嗪,其模拟HIF-1α中C端转录激活结构域的螺旋αB:
其中:
R1、R2、R3和R4中的每一个独立地为氨基酸侧链、H、N(R)2、OR、卤素、烷基或芳基;其中各R独立地为H、烷基或芳基;
各R6独立地为H、N(R)2、OR、卤素、烷基或芳基;其中各R独立地为H、烷基或芳基;
A为X1或C,其中:
X1为H、COR′、CO2R′、CONR′、烷基、芳基、芳烷基、环烷基、杂芳基、用于保护胺的保护基团、靶向部分或标签;其中R′为H、烷基、芳基、芳烷基、环烷基、杂芳基、靶向部分或标签;并且
C为具有下式的部分
其中:
各X′独立地为H、COR′、CO2R′、CONR′、N(R″)2、烷基、芳基、芳烷基、环烷基、杂芳基、靶向部分或标签;其中:
R′为H、烷基、芳基、芳烷基、环烷基、杂芳基、靶向部分或标签;并且
各R″独立地为H、烷基、芳基、芳烷基、环烷基、杂芳基、靶向部分或标签;
R0为氨基酸侧链、H、N(R)2、OR、卤素、烷基或芳基;其中各R独立地为H、烷基或芳基;并且
R6为H、N(R)2、OR、卤素、烷基或芳基;其中各R独立地为H、烷基或芳基;并且
B为OR′、COR′、N(R″′)2、烷基、芳基、芳烷基、环烷基、杂芳基、用于保护羧酸的保护基团、靶向部分或标签;其中:
R′为H、烷基、芳基、芳烷基、环烷基、杂芳基、靶向部分或标签;并且
各R″′独立地为H、CO2R′、CONR′、烷基、芳基、芳烷基、环烷基、杂芳基、靶向部分或标签;
其中R1和R2是疏水性的并且R4为氢键受体或氢键供体,或者A为具有式的部分,R0和R3是疏水性的,并且R4为氢键受体或氢键供体;并且
前提条件是不符合下列条件中的至少一个:R1为亮氨酸侧链,R2为亮氨酸侧链,以及R4为谷氨酰胺侧链。
本发明进一步涉及含有式I低聚氧代哌嗪的药物制剂。
本发明的第二方面涉及一种减少细胞中基因转录的方法,其中基因转录由HIF-1α与CREB-结合蛋白和/或p300的相互作用介导。这种方法涉及使细胞在有效减少基因转录的条件下与本发明的低聚氧代哌嗪接触。
本发明的第三方面涉及一种治疗或预防受试者中由HIF-1α与CREB-结合蛋白和/或p300的相互作用介导的病症的方法。这种方法涉及在有效治疗或预防所述病症的条件下向所述受试者施用本发明的低聚氧代哌嗪。
本发明的第四方面涉及一种减少或防止组织中的血管新生的方法。这种方法涉及在有效减少或防止组织中的血管新生的条件下使所述组织与本发明的低聚氧代哌嗪接触。
本发明的第五方面涉及一种诱导细胞的细胞凋亡的方法。这种方法涉及在有效诱导所述细胞的细胞凋亡的条件下使所述细胞与本发明的低聚氧代哌嗪接触。
本发明的第六方面涉及一种减少细胞存活和/或增殖的方法。这种方法涉及在有效减少细胞存活和/或增殖的条件下使所述细胞与本发明的低聚氧代哌嗪接触。
附图简述
图1为氧依赖性转录的HIF-1α介导调节的示意图(Rankin &Giaccia,Cell Death Different.15:678(2008))。
图2A至图2C涉及HIF-1α/TAZ1的结构(Dames等.Proc.Nat’lAcad.Sci.99:5271(2002))。图2A为例示HIF-1α的C端转录激活结构域(“C-TAD”)与辅激活因子蛋白p300的富含半胱氨酸-组氨酸结构域1(“CH1”)的复合物的结构的示意图。图2B示出人HIF-1α C-TAD序列(SEQ ID NO:1),同时示出αA螺旋的位置(PDB残基121-127)和αB螺旋(PDB残基139-147)的位置。图2C为示出有助于螺旋αB的结合的关键残基的表。
图3为例示在起始转录中转录因子、辅激活因子与启动子之间的相互作用的示意图(Guarracino等,Biopolymers 95:1(2011))。
图4为BB2-125的分析型HPLC迹线。梯度:30分钟内5%至95%乙腈/水。
图5为BB2-162的分析型HPLC迹线。梯度:30分钟内5%至95%乙腈/水。
图6为BB2-164的分析型HPLC迹线。梯度:30分钟内5%至95%乙腈/水。
图7例示氨基酸衍生的低聚氧代哌嗪的设计(& Arora,Org.Lett.12:1588(2010))。如图所绘,低聚氧代哌嗪是通过将肽中的相邻酰胺氮原子与亚乙基桥连接来获得。
图8为使用微波辅助固相合成来制备低聚氧代哌嗪的一般合成方案。
图9示出模型低聚氧代哌嗪二聚体A-C和模型低聚氧代哌嗪三聚体的设计和结构。也示出每种模型低聚氧代哌嗪的预测结构和其靶α-螺旋的重叠。
图10示出模拟HIF-1α的αB螺旋的模型低聚氧代哌嗪二聚体B的设计和结构。
图11示出模拟HIF-1α的αB螺旋的模型低聚氧代哌嗪二聚体C的设计和结构。
图12示出低聚氧代哌嗪BB2-164、BB2-162、BB2-125和BB2-282。
图13例示低聚氧代哌嗪BB2-162的设计。也示出螺旋αB(SEQID NO:2)的序列,其中在各热点残基周围画框。
图14为暴露于各种浓度的低聚氧代哌嗪BB2-125或BB2-162之后细胞存活力的图。
图15为如何使用荧光素酶报道基因测定来定量药剂下调靶基因转录的能力的示意图(摘自www.berthold.com)。
图16为暴露于媒介物对照或各种浓度的BB2-125、BB2-162、BB2-164之后,对应于MDA231-VEGF-luc细胞中VEGF的转录水平的相对发光的图。
图17为氧依赖性转录的HIF-1α介导调节的示意图,其示出通过破坏HIF-1α-p300相互作用来减少VEGF的产生(Rankin & Giaccia,Cell Death Different.15:678(2008))。
图18为使用媒介物对照、毛壳菌素(“CTM”)、BB2-125、BB2-162或BB2-164处理的细胞中VEGF的相对mRNA水平的图。
图19为使用媒介物对照、毛壳菌素(“CTM”)、BB2-125、BB2-162或BB2-164处理的细胞中LOX的相对mRNA水平的图。
图20为示出在含0.2%FBS的培养基中、在常氧和低氧(42小时)下使用BB2-162处理48小时后,A549细胞中HIF-1α相对水平与β-肌动蛋白相对水平的比率的图(上方图面)和蛋白质印迹(下方图面)。VN:在常氧条件下使用媒介物对照处理的细胞;BB2-162 1μM N:在常氧条件下使用1μM BB2-162处理的细胞;BB2-162 5μM N:在常氧条件下使用5μM BB2-162处理的细胞;V HB:在低氧条件下使用媒介物对照处理的细胞;BB2-162 1μM HB:在低氧条件下使用1μMBB2-162处理的细胞;BB2-162 5μM HB:在低氧条件下使用5μMBB2-162处理的细胞。
图21为示出在含0.2%FBS的培养基中、在常氧和低氧(42小时)下使用BB2-162处理48小时后,A549细胞中c-Met相对水平与β-肌动蛋白相对水平的比率的图(上方图面)和蛋白质印迹(下方图面)。VN:在常氧条件下使用媒介物对照处理的细胞;BB2-1621μM N:在常氧条件下使用1μM BB2-162处理的细胞;BB2-1625μM N:在常氧条件下使用5μM BB2-162处理的细胞;V HB:在低氧条件下使用媒介物对照处理的细胞;BB2-1621μM HB:在低氧条件下使用1μMBB2-162处理的细胞;BB2-1625μM HB:在低氧条件下使用5μMBB2-162处理的细胞。
发明详述
本文描述了低聚氧代哌嗪螺旋模拟物的设计,其通过调节HIF-1α转录因子与辅激活因子p300/CBP之间的相互作用来抑制低氧诱导基因的转录。如图3所例示,转录因子牵涉与配偶体蛋白和启动子DNA的相互作用的错综网络,所述相互作用引起对染色质重建酶的募集和前起始复合物的装配(MARK PTASHNE & ALEXANDER GANN,GENES ANDSIGNALS(2002),所述文献在此以引用的方式整体并入本文)。由于基因表达在疾病的发展中所起的必需作用,以限定方式调节转录的合成剂对药物设计来说是有吸引力的候选物(Arndt,“Small MoleculeModulators of Transcription,”Angew Chem.Int’l Ed.Engl.45:4552-60(2006);Berg,“Inhibition of Transcription Factors with Small OrganicMolecules,”Curr.Opin.Chem.Biol.12:464-71(2008);Mapp,“Regulating Transcription:A Chemical Perspective,”Org.Biomol.Chem.1:2217-20(2003),每一个文献在此以引用的方式整体并入本文)。
本发明的第一方面涉及一种式I的低聚氧代哌嗪,其模拟HIF-1α中C端转录激活结构域的螺旋αB:
其中:
R1、R2、R3和R4中的每一个独立地为氨基酸侧链、H、N(R)2、OR、卤素、烷基或芳基;其中各R独立地为H、烷基或芳基;
各R6独立地为H、N(R)2、OR、卤素、烷基或芳基;其中各R独立地为H、烷基或芳基;
A为X1或C,其中:
X1为H、COR′、CO2R′、CONR′、烷基、芳基、芳烷基、环烷基、杂芳基、用于保护胺的保护基团、靶向部分或标签;其中R′为H、烷基、芳基、芳烷基、环烷基、杂芳基、靶向部分或标签;并且
C为具有下式的部分
其中:
各X′独立地为H、COR′、CO2R′、CONR′、N(R″)2、烷基、芳基、芳烷基、环烷基、杂芳基、靶向部分或标签;其中:
R′为H、烷基、芳基、芳烷基、环烷基、杂芳基、靶向部分或标签;并且
各R″独立地为H、烷基、芳基、芳烷基、环烷基、杂芳基、靶向部分或标签;
R0为氨基酸侧链、H、N(R)2、OR、卤素、烷基或芳基;其中各R独立地为H、烷基或芳基;并且
R6为H、N(R)2、OR、卤素、烷基或芳基;其中各R独立地为H、烷基或芳基;并且
B为OR′、COR′、N(R″′)2、烷基、芳基、芳烷基、环烷基、杂芳基、用于保护羧酸的保护基团、靶向部分或标签;其中:
R′为H、烷基、芳基、芳烷基、环烷基、杂芳基、靶向部分或标签;并且
各R″′独立地为H、CO2R′、CONR′、烷基、芳基、芳烷基、环烷基、杂芳基、靶向部分或标签;
其中R1和R2是疏水性的并且R4为氢键受体或氢键供体,或者A为具有式的部分,R0和R3是疏水性的,并且R4为氢键受体或氢键供体;并且
前提条件是不符合下列条件中的至少一个条件:R1为亮氨酸侧链,R2为亮氨酸侧链,以及R4为谷氨酰胺侧链。
根据本发明的这个和所有方面的氨基酸侧链可为任何氨基酸侧链-从天然氨基酸到非天然氨基酸-包括α氨基酸、双取代氨基酸、β氨基酸、γ氨基酸、L-氨基酸、D-氨基酸等。
如本文所使用,术语“烷基”是指脂族烃基,其可为直链或支链,链中具有约1至约6个碳原子。支链是指一个或多个低级烷基(如甲基、乙基或丙基)连接至直链烷基链。示例性烷基包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基、正戊基和3-戊基。
如本文所使用,“环烷基”是指非芳族饱和或不饱和单或多环环系,其可含有3至6个碳原子,并且其可包括至少一个双键。示例性环烷基包括但不限于环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环丙烯基、环丁烯基、环戊烯基、环己烯基、反式-双环丙烷或顺式-双环丙烷。
如本文所使用,术语“芳基”是指含有6至19个碳原子的芳族单环或多环环系,其中所述环系可任选地被取代。本发明的芳基包括但不限于如下基团:苯基、萘基、薁基、菲基、蒽基、芴基、芘基、三亚苯基、屈基和萘并萘基。
术语“芳烷基”是指式-RaRb的基团,其中Ra是如上文所定义的烷基并且Rb是如上文所定义的芳基。烷基和环烷基可如上文所定义任选地被取代。
如本文所使用,“杂芳基“是指由碳原子和一至五个杂原子组成的芳族环基,所述杂原子选自由氮、氧和硫组成的组。杂芳基的实例包括但不限于吡咯基、吡唑基、咪唑基、三唑基、呋喃基、苯硫基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、噁二唑基、噻二唑基、吡啶基、吡嗪基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、三嗪基、噻吩并吡咯基、呋喃并吡咯基、吲哚基、氮杂吲哚基、异吲哚基、吲哚啉基、吲嗪基、吲唑基、苯并咪唑基、咪唑并吡啶基、苯并三唑基、苯并噁唑基、苯并噁二唑基、苯并噻唑基、吡唑并吡啶基、三唑并吡啶基,噻吩并吡啶基、苯并噻二唑基,苯并呋喃基、苯并苯硫基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、四氢喹啉基、四氢异喹啉基、噌啉基、喹唑啉基、喹啉嗪基(quinolizilinyl)、酞嗪基、苯并三嗪基、苯并吡喃基、萘啶基、吖啶基、吩嗪基、吩噻嗪基、吩噁嗪基,蝶啶基和嘌呤基。其它杂芳基在COMPREHENSIVEHETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY:THE STRUCTURE,REACTIONS,SYNTHESIS ANDUSE OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS(Katritzky等编著,1984)中有所描述,所述文献在此以引用的方式整体并入本文。
式I的低聚氧代哌嗪可包含适于保护胺或羧酸的保护基团。这类保护基团的作用主要是保护或掩护官能团的反应性。适于保护胺基的保护基团在本领域中众所周知,包括但不限于氨基甲酸酯、酰胺、N-烷基胺和N-芳基胺、亚胺衍生物、烯胺衍生物和N-杂原子衍生物,如THEODORA W.GREENE & PETER G.M.WUTS,PROTECTIVE GROUPS INORGANIC SYNTHESIS 494-615(1999)所述,所述文献在此以引用的方式整体并入本文。适于保护羧酸的保护基团在本领域中也众所周知。适合的羧酸保护基包括但不限于酯类(如取代的甲酯、2-取代的乙酯、2,6-二烷基苯基酯、取代的苄基酯、甲硅烷基酯和甲锡烷酯)、酰胺类和酰肼类,如THEODORA W.GREENE & PETER G.M.WUTS,PROTECTIVEGROUPS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS 372-450(1999)所述,所述文献在此以引用的方式整体并入本文。对胺或羧酸保护或脱保护的方法取决于所选保护基团而不同;然而,这些方法在本领域中众所周知并且如THEODORA W.GREENE & PETER G.M.WUTS,PROTECTIVE GROUPS INORGANIC SYNTHESIS 372-450和494-615(1999)所述,所述文献在此以引用的方式整体并入本文。
根据本发明的靶向部分的作用是(i)促进低聚氧代哌嗪的细胞摄取,(ii)将低聚氧代哌嗪靶向至特定的细胞或组织类型(如信号传导肽序列),或者(iii)在细胞摄取后将低聚氧代哌嗪靶向至特定的亚细胞定位(如转运肽序列)。
为了促进本发明的低聚氧代哌嗪的细胞摄取,靶向部分可为细胞穿膜肽(CPP)。CPP通过表面上能量独立的途径跨越真核细胞的质膜易位,并且它已被成功地用于大分子的细胞内递送,所述大分子包括抗体、肽、蛋白和核酸,其具有的分子量比CPP自身大数倍。包括聚精氨酸、转运蛋白(transportant)、鱼精蛋白、毛若考辛(maurocalcine)和M918的一些常用的CPP都是适用于本发明的靶向部分并且它们在本领域中众所周知(参见Stewart等,“Cell-Penetrating Peptides asDelivery Vehicles for Biology and Medicine,”Organic BiomolecularChem.6:2242-2255(2008),所述文献在此以引用的方式整体并入本文。)此外,制备CPP的方法在Hallbrink等的美国专利申请公布号20080234183中有所描述,所述专利在此以引用的方式整体并入本文。
适用于增强低聚氧代哌嗪的细胞摄取的另一种靶向部分是“输入活性(importation competent)”信号肽,如Lin等的美国专利号6,043,339所公开,所述专利在此以引用的方式整体并入本文。输入活性信号肽的长度通常为约10至约50个氨基酸残基(通常是疏水性残基),这些残基可使低聚氧代哌嗪能够从细胞外部穿透细胞膜进入细胞内部。示例性输入感活性信号肽包括来自卡波西(Kaposi)成纤维细胞生长因子的信号肽(参见Lin等的美国专利号6,043,339,所述专利在此以引用的方式整体并入本文)。其它适合的肽序列可选自SIGPEP数据库(参见von Heijne G.,“SIGPEP:A Sequence Database for Secretory SignalPeptides,”Protein Seq.Data Anal.1(1):41-42(1987),所述文献在此以引用的方式整体并入本文)。
另一种适合的靶向部分是能够将低聚氧代哌嗪靶向至特定的组织或细胞类型的信号肽序列。信号传导肽可包括配体结合蛋白的至少一部分。适合的配体结合蛋白包括高亲和力抗体片段(例如Fab、Fab'和F(ab')2)、单链Fv抗体片段)、纳米抗体或纳米抗体片段、荧光抗体或适配体。其它配体结合蛋白包括生物素结合蛋白、脂质结合蛋白、周质结合蛋白、凝集素、血清白蛋白、酶、磷酸和硫酸结合蛋白、抑免蛋白、金属硫蛋白或各种其它受体蛋白。对细胞特异性靶向来说,信号传导肽优选细胞特异性膜受体的配体结合域。因此,当修饰过的低聚氧代哌嗪被静脉内递送或以其它方式引入血液或淋巴中时,低聚氧代哌嗪吸附到所靶向的细胞,并且所靶向的细胞会将低聚氧代哌嗪内化。例如,如果靶细胞是癌细胞,那么低聚氧代哌嗪可与抗-C3B(I)抗体缀合,如Taylor等的美国专利号6,572,856所公开,所述专利在此以引用的方式整体并入本文。替代地,低聚氧代哌嗪可与甲胎蛋白受体缀合,如Moro的美国专利号6,514,685所公开,或者与单克隆GAH抗体缀合,如Hosokawa的美国专利号5,837,845所公开,所述专利在此以引用的方式整体并入本文。对将低聚氧代哌嗪靶向至心肌细胞来说,低聚氧代哌嗪可与识别弹性蛋白微原纤维界面蛋白(EMILIN2)的抗体(Van Hoof等,“Identification of Cell Surface forAntibody-Based Selection of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-DerivedCardiomyocytes,”J Proteom Res 9:1610-18(2010),所述文献在此以引用的方式整体并入本文)、心肌肌钙蛋白I、连接蛋白-43或本领域已知的任何心肌细胞表面膜受体缀合。对于将低聚氧代哌嗪靶向至肝细胞来说,信号传导肽可包括对肝细胞特异性脱唾液酸糖蛋白受体特异的配体结构域。可使用与Heartlein等的美国专利号5,817,789中所述的用于制备嵌合蛋白和肽的那些方法相似的方法来制备这类嵌合低聚氧代哌嗪,所述专利在此以引用的方式整体并入本文。
另一种适合的靶向部分是转运肽,一旦所述转运肽由靶细胞或组织内化,它就引导低聚氧代哌嗪的细胞内区室化。例如,如果试图要抑制的蛋白活性或蛋白-蛋白相互作用发生在内质网(ER)中,那么低聚氧代哌嗪可与ER转运肽序列缀合。许多这类的信号肽是本领域已知的,包括信号肽MMSFVSLLLVGILFYATEAEQLTKCEVFQ(SEQID NO:3)。其它适合的ER信号肽包括酶17β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶类型11型脱氢酶的N端内质网靶向序列(Horiguchi等,“Identification andCharacterization of the ER/Lipid Droplet-Targeting Sequence in17β-hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 11,”Arch.Biochem.Biophys.479(2):121-30(2008),所述文献在此以引用的方式整体并入本文),或者Reed等的美国专利公布号20080250515中所公开的任何ER信号传导肽(包括编码ER信号肽的核酸序列),所述专利在此以引用的方式整体并入本文。此外,本发明的低聚氧代哌嗪可含有ER保留信号,如保留信号KEDL(SEQ ID NO:4)。修饰本发明的低聚氧代哌嗪以便将用于定位低聚物的转运肽并入ER中的方法可如Reed等的美国专利公布号20080250515所述来进行,所述专利在此以引用的方式整体并入本文。
如果试图要抑制的蛋白活性或蛋白-蛋白相互作用发生在核中,那么低聚氧代哌嗪可包括核定位转运信号。适合的核转运肽序列是本领域中已知的,其包括核转运肽PPKKKRKV(SEQ ID NO:5)。其它核定位转运信号包括例如酸性成纤维细胞生长因子的核定位序列和转录因子NF-ΚB p50的核定位序列,如Lin等的美国专利号6,043,339所公开,所述专利在此以引用的方式整体并入本文。本领域中已知的其它核定位肽也适用于根据本发明的这个方面。
用于靶向至线粒体的适合的转运肽序列包括MLSLRQSIRFFKPATRTLCSSRYLL(SEQ ID NO:6)。用于将本发明的低聚氧代哌嗪选择性地靶向至线粒体的其它适合的转运肽序列在Wipf的美国已公布专利申请号20070161544中有所公开,所述专利在此以引用的方式整体并入本文。
如本文所使用的“标签”包括有利于检测、定量、分离和/或纯化本发明的低聚氧代哌嗪的任何标记部分。适合的标签包括纯化标签、放射性或荧光标签和酶标签。
纯化标签(如聚组氨酸(His6-)、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST-)或麦芽糖结合蛋白(MBP-))可有助于低聚物纯化或分离,但随后可被除去,即在回收后从低聚氧代哌嗪中分裂。可使用蛋白酶特异性切割位点来促进纯化标签的除去。可进一步纯化所需的低聚氧代哌嗪产物以除去分裂的纯化标签。
其它适合的标签包括放射性标签,如125I、131I、111In或99TC。放射标记化合物的方法在本领域中是已知的并且在Srinivasan等的美国专利号5,830,431中有所描述,所述专利在此以引用的方式整体并入本文。使用闪烁计数器或放射自显影术检测和定量放射性。替代地,低聚氧代哌嗪可与荧光标签缀合。适合的荧光标签包括但不限于螯合物(铕螯合物)、荧光素和其衍生物、罗丹明和其衍生物、丹酰、丽丝胺、藻红蛋白和德克萨斯红(Texas Red)。使用CURRENT PROTOCOLS INIMMUNOLOGY(Coligen等编著,1991)中公开的技术,可将荧光标记与低聚氧代哌嗪缀合,所述文献在此以引用的方式整体并入本文。可使用荧光计检测和定量荧光。
酶标签通常催化显色底物的化学改变,这可使用各种技术来测量。例如,酶可催化底物的变色,这可通过分光光度测定方式来测量。替代地,酶可改变底物的荧光或化学发光。适合的酶标签的实例包括荧光素酶(例如,萤火虫萤光素酶和细菌萤光素酶;参见例如Weng等的美国专利号4,737,456,所述专利在此以引用的方式整体并入本文)、荧光素、2,3-二氢酞嗪二酮、苹果酸脱氢酶、尿素酶、过氧化物酶(例如辣根过氧化物酶)、碱性磷酸酶、β-半乳糖苷酶、葡糖淀粉酶、溶菌酶、糖类氧化酶(例如葡萄糖氧化酶、半乳糖氧化酶和葡萄糖-6-磷酸盐脱氢酶)、杂环氧化酶(例如尿酸氧化酶和黄嘌呤氧化酶)、乳过氧化物酶、微过氧化物酶等。用于将酶与蛋白和肽缀合的技术在O’Sullivan等,Methods for the Preparation of Enzyme—AntibodyConjugates for Use in Enzyme Immunoassay,METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY147-66(Langone等编著,1981)中有所描述,所述文献在此以引用的方式整体并入本文,所述技术可用于将酶与本发明的低聚氧代哌嗪缀合。这类标签尤其适用于检测使用本发明的低聚氧代哌嗪对蛋白-蛋白相互作用的抑制。
式I的低聚氧代哌嗪也包含氢键供体或氢键受体。氢键受体含有具有孤对电子的原子,所述孤对电子与电负性原子上的质子相互作用。适合的实例包括但不限于羟基和芳香胺(如吡啶和咪唑)。氢键供体含有具有至少一个可共用的质子的电负性原子。适合的实例包括但不限于胺、酰胺、羧酸、羟基和硫醇官能团。
式I的示例性低聚氧代哌嗪包括但不限于BB2-125、BB2-162和BB2-164。
可使用本领域中已知的方法制备本发明的肽。适合的方法包括美国专利申请号12/917,176中所述的那些方法,所述专利在此以引用的方式整体并入本文。
本发明还涵盖包括本发明的低聚氧代哌嗪和药学上可接受的媒介物的药物制剂。
适合的药物制剂包括低聚氧代哌嗪和任何药学上可接受的佐剂、载体、溶液、混悬液、乳剂、赋形剂、粉剂和/或稳定剂,并且可以呈固体或液体的形式(如片剂、胶囊、粉剂、溶液、混悬液或乳剂)。组合物优选地含有约0.01至约99重量百分比、更优选约2至约60重量百分比的低聚氧代哌嗪连同佐剂、载体和/或赋形剂。这类治疗有效组合物中的活性化合物的量使得将获得的适合的剂量单位。
此外,本发明的药物制剂可进一步包括一种或多种药学上可接受的稀释剂或媒介物,如防腐剂、填充剂、崩解剂、润湿剂、乳化剂、悬浮剂、甜味剂、调味剂、香味剂、抗菌剂、抗真菌剂、润滑剂和分散剂,这取决于施用模式和剂型的性质。悬浮剂的实例包括乙氧基化异硬脂醇、聚氧化乙烯山梨糖醇和脱水山梨糖醇酯、微晶纤维素、偏氢氧化铝、膨润土、琼脂和西黄蓄胶或这些物质的混合物。对微生物作用的防止可通过各种抗菌剂和抗真菌剂来确保,所述抗菌剂和抗真菌剂例如对羟基苯甲酸酯、氯代丁醇、苯酚和山梨酸等。包括例如糖、氯化钠等的等渗剂也可以是合乎需要的。可通过使用延迟吸收的药剂(例如单硬脂酸铝和明胶)来引起可注射药物形式的延长吸收。适合的载体、稀释剂、溶剂或媒介物的实例包括水、乙醇、多元醇、其适合的混合物、植物油(如橄榄油)和可注射的有机酯(如油酸乙酯)。赋形剂的实例包括乳糖、奶糖、柠檬酸钠、碳酸钙和磷酸二钙。崩解剂的实例包括淀粉、褐藻酸和某些复合硅酸盐。润滑剂的实例包括硬脂酸镁、十二烷基硫酸钠、滑石以及高分子量聚乙二醇。
用于口服治疗施用来说,本发明的低聚氧代哌嗪可与赋形剂合并并且以片剂、胶囊、酏剂、混悬液、糖浆剂等形式使用。这类组合物和制备物应含有至少0.1%的低聚氧代哌嗪。当然,这些组合物中的低聚氧代哌嗪的百分比可有所不同,并且可适宜地在单位重量的约2%至约60%之间。这类治疗有效组合物中的低聚氧代哌嗪的量使得将获得的适合的剂量。
片剂、胶囊等也可含有:粘合剂,如黄芪胶、阿拉伯胶、玉米淀粉或明胶;赋形剂,如磷酸二钙;崩解剂,如玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、褐藻酸;润滑剂,如硬脂酸镁;以及甜味剂,如蔗糖、乳糖或糖精。当单位剂型为胶囊时,除上述类型的材料外,胶囊可含有液体载体(如脂肪油)。
各种其它材料可作为包衣存在或用于改变剂量单位的物理形式。例如,可使用虫胶、糖或两者一起对片剂进行包衣。除了活性成分外,糖浆剂可含有作为甜味剂的蔗糖、作为防腐剂的对羟基苯甲酸甲酯和对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、染料和调味剂(如樱桃味或橙味)。
低聚氧代哌嗪的溶液或悬浮液(例如用于肠胃外施用)可在水中适合地混以表面活性剂(如羟丙基纤维素)来制备。也可在甘油、液体聚乙二醇和其在油中的混合物中制备分散液。说明性油为石油、动物油、植物油或合成来源的油,例如花生油、大豆油或矿物油。一般来说,水、盐水、右旋糖水溶液和相关的糖溶液以及二醇(如丙二醇或聚乙二醇)是优选的液体载体,特别适于注射溶液。在普通的储存和使用条件下,这些制剂含有防腐剂来防止微生物的生长。
适于可注射用途的药物形式包括无菌水溶液或分散液和用于临时制备无菌注射溶液或分散液的无菌粉末。在所有情况下,所述形式必须是无菌的并且必须是存在易于注射性程度的流体。所述形式在制造和储存条件下必须稳定的,并且必须进行防腐处理以防微生物(如细菌和真菌)的污染作用。载体可以是含有例如水、乙醇、多元醇(例如甘油、丙二醇和液体聚乙二醇)、其适合的混合物或植物油的溶剂或分散介质。
本发明的第二方面涉及使用本发明的低聚氧代哌嗪来抑制HIF-1α-p300/CBP相互作用。
本发明的这个方面的一个实施例涉及一种减少细胞中基因转录的方法,其中基因转录由HIF-1α与CREB-结合蛋白和/或p300的相互作用介导。这种方法涉及使细胞在有效引起低聚氧代哌嗪的核摄取的条件下与本发明的低聚氧代哌嗪接触,其中低聚氧代哌嗪破坏HIF-1α与p300/CBP的相互作用,从而减少基因转录。
由HIF-1α与CBP和/或p300的相互作用来介导转录的基因包括α1B-肾上腺素能受体、腺苷酸激酶3、肾上腺髓质素、醛缩酶A、醛缩酶C、碳酸酐酶IX、血浆铜蓝蛋白、趋化因子受体类型4(CXCR4、融合素(fusin)、CD184)、c-Met、内皮素-1、烯醇化酶1、促红细胞生成素、葡萄糖转运蛋白1、葡萄糖转运蛋白3、甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶、血红素加氧酶1、己糖激酶1、己糖激酶2、IGF结合蛋白1、IGF结合蛋白3、胰岛素样生长因子2、乳酸脱氢酶A、赖氨酰氧化酶、单胺氧化酶同工型A、单胺氧化酶同工型B、氧化氮合成酶2、p21、p35srg、磷酸果糖激酶、磷酸甘油酸激酶1、纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1、丙酮酸激酶M、基质细胞衍生因子1、运铁蛋白受体、运铁蛋白、转化生长因子β3、丙糖磷酸异构酶1、血管内皮生长因子、血管内皮生长因子受体FLT-1和血管内皮生长因子受体KDR/Flk-1。用于抑制这些基因的转录的一些用途在表1中示出。
表1.示例性疾病
本发明的这个方面的另一个实施例涉及一种治疗或预防受试者中由HIF-1α与CBP和/或p300的相互作用介导的病症的方法。这种方法涉及在有效治疗或预防所述病症的条件下向所述受试者施用本发明的低聚氧代哌嗪。
可治疗或预防的病症包括例如视网膜缺血(Zhu等,“Long-termTolerance to Retinal Ischemia by Repetitive Hypoxic Preconditioning:Role of HIF-1α and Heme Oxygenase-1,”Invest.Ophthalmol.Vis.Sci.48:1735-43(2007);Ding等,“Retinal Disease in Mice LackingHypoxia-inducible Transcription Factor-2α,”Invest.Ophthalmol.Vis.Sci.46:1010-6(2005),各个文献在此以引用的方式整体并入本文)、肺部高血压(Simon等,“Hypoxia-induced Signaling in the CardiovascularSystem,”Annu.Rev.Physiol.70:51-71(2008);Eul等,“Impact of HIF-1αand HIF-2α on Proliferation and Migration of Human Pulmonary ArteryFibroblasts in Hypoxia,”FASEB J.20:163-5(2006),各个文献在此以引用的方式整体并入本文)、子宫内生长迟缓(Caramelo等,“Respuesta ala Hipoxia.Un Mecanismo Sistémico Basado en el Control de laExpresión Génica[Response to Hypoxia.A Systemic Mechanism Basedon the Control of Gene Expression],”Medicina B.Aires 66:155-64(2006);Tazuke等,“Hypoxia Stimulates Insulin-like Growth FactorBinding Protein 1(IGFBP-1)Gene Expression in HepG2 Cells:APossible Model for IGFBP-1 Expression in Fetal Hypoxia,”Proc.Nat’lAcad.Sci.USA 95:10188-93(1998),各个文献在此以引用的方式整体并入本文)、糖尿病性视网膜病(Ritter等,“Myeloid ProgenitorsDifferentiate into Microglia and Promote Vascular Repair in a Model ofIschemic Retinopathy,”J.Clin.Invest.116:3266-76(2006);Wilkinson-Berka等,“The Role of Growth Hormone,Insulin-like GrowthFactor and Somatostatin in Diabetic Retinopathy,”Curr.Med.Chem.13:3307-17(2006);Vinores等,“Implication of the Hypoxia ResponseElement of the Vegf Promoter in Mouse Models of Retinal and ChoroidalNeovascularization,but Not Retinal Vascular Development,”J.Cell.Physiol.206:749-58(2006);Caldwell等,“Vascular Endothelial GrowthFactor and Diabetic Retinopathy:Role of Oxidative Stress,”Curr.DrugTargets 6:511-24(2005),各个文献在此以引用的方式整体并入本文)、老年性黄斑变性(Inoue等,“Expression of Hypoxia-inducible Factor 1αand 2α in Choroidal Neovascular Membranes Associated withAge-related Macular Degeneration,”Br.J.Ophthalmol.91:1720-1(2007);Zuluaga等,“Synergies of VEGF Inhibition and PhotodynamicTherapy in the Treatment of Age-related Macular Degeneration,”Invest.Ophthalmol.Vis.Sci.48:1767-72(2007);Provis,“Development of thePrimate Retinal Vasculature,”Prog.Retin.Eye Res.20:799-821(2001),各个文献在此以引用的方式整体并入本文)、糖尿病性黄斑水肿(Vinores等,“Implication of the Hypoxia Response Element of the VegfPromoter in Mouse Models of Retinal and Choroidal Neovascularization,but Not Retinal Vascular Development,”J.Cell.Physiol.206:749-58(2006);Forooghian & Das,“Anti-angiogenic Effects of Ribonucleic AcidInterference Targeting Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor andHypoxia-inducible Factor-1α,”Am.J.Ophthalmol.144:761-8(2007),各个文献在此以引用的方式整体并入本文),以及癌症(Marignol等,“Hypoxia in Prostate Cancer:A Powerful Shield Against TumourDestruction?”Cancer Treat.Rev.34:313-27(2008);Galanis等,“Reactive Oxygen Species and HIF-1 Signalling in Cancer,”Cancer Lett.266:12-20(2008);Ushio-Fukai & Nakamura,“Reactive Oxygen Speciesand Angiogenesis:NADPH Oxidase as Target for Cancer Therapy,”Cancer Lett.266:37-52(2008);Adamski等,“The Cellular Adaptations toHypoxia as Novel Therapeutic Targets in Childhood Cancer,”CancerTreat.Rev.34:231-46(2008);Toffoli & Michiels,“Intermittent HypoxiaIs a Key Regulator of Cancer Cell and Endothelial Cell Interplay inTumours,”FEBS J.275:2991-3002(2008);Peehl & Coram,“TheSignificance of Monoamine Oxidase-A Expression in High GradeProstate Cancer,”J.Urol.180:2206-11(2008);Flamand & Zhao,“Targeting Monoamine Oxidase A in Advanced Prostate Cancer,”J.Cancer Res.Clin.Oncol.136:1761-71(2010),各个文献在此以引用的方式整体并入本文)。
本发明的这个方面的又一个实施例涉及一种减少或防止组织中的血管新生的方法。这种方法涉及在有效减少或防止组织中的血管新生的条件下使所述组织与本发明的低聚氧代哌嗪接触。
本发明的这个方面的另一个实施例涉及一种诱导细胞的细胞凋亡的方法。这种方法涉及在有效诱导细胞的细胞凋亡的条件下使所述细胞与本发明的低聚氧代哌嗪接触。
本发明的这个方面的另一个实施例涉及一种减少细胞存活和/或增殖的方法。这种方法涉及在有效减少细胞存活和/或增殖的条件下使所述细胞与本发明的低聚氧代哌嗪接触。
根据本发明的这个方面的接触(包括施用)可使用对熟练技术人员来说明显的方法进行,并且可在体外或体内进行。
一种用于将药剂递送到细胞中的方法涉及使用脂质体。基本上,这涉及提供包括要递送药剂的脂质体,并随后在将药物有效递送到细胞、组织或器官中的条件下使靶细胞、组织或器官与所述脂质体接触。
这种脂质体递送系统也可制备来通过主动靶向(例如通过将抗体或激素并入脂质体媒介物的表面上)而在靶器官、组织或细胞处聚集。这可根据已知的方法实现。
用于递送含蛋白或含多肽药剂(例如包含一个或多个蛋白或多肽侧链的本发明的低聚氧代哌嗪)的替代方法涉及所需药剂与多聚体的缀合,所述多聚体经过稳定化来避免所缀合蛋白或多肽的酶促降解。这种类型的缀合蛋白或多肽在Ekwuribe的美国专利号5,681,811中有所描述,所述专利在此以引用的方式整体并入本文。
用于递送药剂的又一个方法涉及根据Heartlein等的美国专利号5,817,789制备嵌合剂,所述专利在此以引用的方式整体并入本文。嵌合剂可包括配体结构域和药剂(例如,本发明的低聚氧代哌嗪)。配体结构域对位于靶细胞上的受体为特异的。因此,当嵌合剂被静脉内递送或以其它方式引入血液或淋巴中时,嵌合剂吸附到所靶向的细胞,并且所靶向的细胞会将嵌合剂内化。
本发明的低聚氧代哌嗪可直接递送到所靶向的细胞/组织/器官。
另外和/或替代地,低聚氧代哌嗪可连同一种或多种药剂一起施用至非靶向区域,所述药剂有利于低聚氧代哌嗪向所靶向的组织、器官或细胞的迁移(和/或由所靶向的组织、器官或细胞摄取)。对本领域普通技术人员来说明显的是,低聚氧代哌嗪本身可加以修饰来促进其向靶组织、器官或细胞的转运(包括其跨血脑屏障的转运);和/或促进由靶细胞的摄取(例如其跨细胞膜的转运)。在优选的实施例中,本发明的低聚氧代哌嗪可加以修饰和/或使用适当媒介物来递送,以促进其向靶细胞的核的递送(Wender等,“The Design,Synthesis,andEvaluation of Molecules That Enable or Enhance Cellular Uptake:Peptoid Molecular Transporters,”Proc.Nat’l Acad.Sci.USA 97:13003-8(2000);Roberts,“Buyer’s Guide to Protein Transduction Reagents,”Scientist 18:42-3(2004);Joliot & Prochiantz,“Transduction Peptides:From Technology to Physiology,”Nat.Cell Biol.6:189-96(2004),各个文献在此以引用的方式整体并入本文)。用于上述实施例的靶细胞、组织和/器官的一些实例在表2中示出。
表2.示例性靶细胞/组织/器官
如上所述,可通过向受试者全身施用或通过向受感染组织、器官和/或细胞的靶向施用来完成体外施用。通常,治疗剂(即本发明的低聚氧代哌嗪)可利用媒介物中来施用于患者,所述媒介物将治疗剂递送至靶细胞、组织或器官。通常,治疗剂将作为药物制剂(如上述的那些制剂)来施用。
施用的示例性途径包括但不限于口服、局部、透皮、肠胃外、皮下、静脉内、肌内、腹膜内、心室内和病灶内;通过气管内接种、吸入、气道滴注、烟雾化、喷雾、鼻内滴注、口服或鼻胃管滴注、腹膜内注射、血管内注射、静脉内注射、动脉内注射(如通过肺动脉)、肌肉注射和胸膜内滴注;通过应用至黏膜(如鼻、喉、支气管、生殖器和/或肛门的黏膜)、或植入缓释载体。
对用作气溶胶来说,呈溶液或混悬液形式的本发明的低聚氧代哌嗪可与适合的推进剂一起包装在加压气溶胶容器中,所述推进剂例如使用常规佐剂的烃推进剂,如丙烷、丁烷或异丁烷。本发明的低聚氧代哌嗪也可以非加压形式施用。
示例性递送装置包括但不限于雾化器、喷雾器、脂质体(包括主动和被动药物递送技术)(Wang & Huang,“pH-SensitiveImmunoliposomes Mediate Target-cell-specific Delivery and ControlledExpression of a Foreign Gene in Mouse,”Proc.Nat’l Acad.Sci.USA84:7851-5(1987);Bangham等,“Diffusion of Univalent Ions Across theLamellae of Swollen Phospholipids,”J.Mol.Biol.13:238-52(1965);Hsu的美国专利号5,653,996;Lee等的美国专利号5,643,599;Holland等的美国专利号5,885,613;Dzau & Kaneda的美国专利号5,631,237;和Loughrey等的美国专利号5,059,421;Wolff等,“The Use ofMonoclonal Anti-Thy1 IgG1 for the Targeting of Liposomes to AKR-ACells in Vitro and in Vivo,”Biochim.Biophys.Acta 802:259-73(1984),各个文献在此以引用的方式整体并入本文)、透皮贴剂、植入物、可移植或可注射蛋白质贮存合物和注射器。本领域技术人员已知的其它递送系统也可用于实现低聚氧代哌嗪向所需的体内器官、组织或细胞的所需体内递送以便实现本发明的这个方面。
接触(包括体内施用)可根据需要频繁地进行并持续适合于提供所需效果的一段持续时间。例如,可进行单次或多次接触,并且可使用单缓释剂量制剂或以多次剂量(例如每天一次)进行体内施用。
当然,要施用的量将取决于特定条件和治疗方案而不同。获得期望效果所需的量/剂量可取决于药剂、制剂、细胞类型、培养条件(就离体实施方案来说)、治疗所需的持续时间以及对体内实施方案来说施用药剂的个体的不同而不同。
本领域的技术人员可凭经验确定有效量。例如,这可涉及多种测定法,其中不同量的本发明的低聚氧代哌嗪被施用于培养物中的细胞,并且计算对获得所需结果有效的浓度。对用于体内施用的有效量的测定也可涉及多种体外测定法,其中不同剂量的药剂被施用于培养物中的细胞,并且测定对实现所需结果有效的浓度,以便计算体内所需的浓度。有效量还可以基于体内动物研究。
通过参考下列实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例
以下实施例意图说明如所附权利要求书中阐述的本发明的范围,而不意图以任何方式对所述范围加以限制。
实施例1-低聚氧代哌嗪的合成
低聚氧代哌嗪通过固相合成法合成,如Arora等的美国专利号12/917,176中所述,所述专利在此以引用的方式整体并入本文,所述固相合成法如以下方案1所示。
方案1
通过标准Fmoc固相肽合成法,在固相反应容器中,在Knorr树脂上合成二肽1。通过使用在二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中的20%哌啶的处理除去Fmoc基团,并且依次使用DMF、二氯甲烷(DCM)、甲醇(MeOH)和二乙醚洗涤树脂,然后真空干燥。将邻硝基苯磺酰氯(Ns-Cl,10当量)和氯压啶(10当量)溶于无水DCM中并加入反应容器中。在23℃下振荡所述混合物2小时以得到2。然后依次使用DMF、DCM、MeOH和二乙醚洗涤含有2的树脂,并且真空干燥12小时。
将含有2的树脂转移到玻璃微波管(CEM)中。加入三苯基膦(PPh3,5当量)并且将管用氮气冲洗30分钟。加入四氢呋喃(THF)、二异丙基偶氮二羧酸酯(DIAD,10当量)和2-溴乙醇(10当量),并且将反应混合物在100℃下进行微波照射(200 watts,250 psi)10分钟。依次使用THF、DMF和DCM洗涤树脂。接着,将树脂转移到固相容器中,使用在THF中的1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯(DBU)处理2小时,随后使用THF、DMF、DCM和二乙醚洗涤并且干燥30分钟,接着使用在DMF中的DBU和2-巯基乙醇处理2个小时。现使用DMF、DCM、MeOH和二乙醚洗涤含有3的树脂并且干燥。
向含有3的树脂加入所需的预活化Fmoc-氨基酸(Fmoc-AA-OH)并且在23℃下将所述混合物振荡12小时。重复对硝基苯磺酰基保护和环形成步骤以在用95%三氟乙酸(TFA)、2.5%水和2.5%三异丙基硅烷(TIPS)与树脂分裂之后获得低聚氧代哌嗪二聚体BB2-125和BB2-162。对形成BB2-164来说,使用在DMF中的预活化Fmoc-氨基酸处理树脂结合的低聚氧代哌嗪二聚体6,接着从树脂分裂。BB2-125、BB2-162和BB2-164的分析型HPLC迹线分别在图4、图5和图6中示出。
实施例2-MTT细胞存活力
将人乳腺癌(MCF7)或人肺癌(A549)细胞以每孔200μL新鲜培养基中5,000-10,000个细胞的密度接种于96孔板(Greiner)中;MCF7细胞接种在具有10%FBS(Irvine Scientific)的RPMI培养基(Gibco)中,A549细胞(ATCC)接种在具有2%FBS(Irvine Scientific)的F-12K培养基(ATCC)中。随后将培养板置于培养箱(37℃,5%-10%CO2)中直到达到所需的汇合度(大约70%)为止(大约24-72小时)。此后,用在适当培养基中的BB2-125或BB2-162的溶液(分别来说,150μL用于48小时研究,200μL用于72小时研究)替换所有孔中的培养基。然后将培养板在37℃、5%-10%CO2下在培养箱中维持48小时或72小时。使用化合物孵育48(或72)小时后,向每个孔中加入MTT(在PBS中5mg/ml,Sigma-Aldrich)(10%v/v)并且小心并充分混合。将培养板进一步在37℃和5%-10%CO2下孵育3-4个小时,然后小心地将培养基完全除去。将所得紫色沉淀物溶于DMSO(200μL/孔)中并且使用微板读数器(Synergy II,BioTek,Inc)在562nm下测量各孔的吸收值。
实施例3-荧光素酶转录测定
所有工作在具有无菌供应的生物罩中进行。将MDA231-VEGF(HRE)-luc细胞接种于24孔板中(Greiner BioOne,每孔2ml G418DMEM培养基(Gibco)中65,000个细胞,所述培养基具有10%FBS(Irvine Scientific))。将培养板置于培养箱中24小时(37℃和5%-10%CO2)。此后,用在培养基(G418 DMEM,10%FBS)中的BB2-125、BB2-162、BB2-164或媒介物对照(每个1ml/孔)的10-μM或20-μM溶液替换各个孔中的培养基。将培养板孵育6小时(37℃,5%-10%CO2),然后向适当的孔中加入DFO(Sigma-Aldrich)的水溶液(19.6mg/ml,通过0.2微米Tuffryn过滤器(PALL)过滤,每孔10μL)以诱导低氧。将培养板再孵育3个小时(37℃,5%-10%CO2),然后将适当的培养板置于含有湿纸巾和厌氧产小袋(BD GasPak EZ Pouch System)的塑料袋中以诱导低氧。随后将袋子密封(拉链锁)并且置于培养箱中15小时(37℃,5%-10%CO2),总共使用化合物24小时。向细胞给予所述化合物后24小时,从所有孔中除去培养基并且使用PBS缓冲液(一次,每孔1 mL)洗涤细胞。将Promega裂解缓冲液(Promega荧光素酶分析系统E1500)稀释(至1x)并且与蛋白酶抑制剂混合物(Thermo Scientific,100x)混合,然后将其加入细胞(150μL/孔)中。2分钟后,将每个孔中的内容物转移到独立的冷Eppendorf管中,随后将管保持在冰上直到完成向剩余管的转移。将管离心(2分钟,13,000rpm,4℃)。小心地将来自每个管的上清液转移到3个新的管中(每个管50μL)。然后将样本在-70℃下储存。从冷冻机中取出每个样本的一份等分试样并且将其融化。将所述等分试样(20μL)与荧光素酶测定试剂(100μL,Promega荧光素酶测定系统E1500)混合,并且立刻使用光度计(TurnerTD-20E)读数。使用BCA测定(BCA分析试剂盒,Thermo Scientific)、使用板读数器来(Synergy II,BioTek,Inc)测定每个等分试样中蛋白质的浓度。通过样本的总蛋白质浓度将每个光度计读数标准化。
实施例4-mRNA转录测定
还使用mRNA分离实验(Qiagen RNeasy Mini试剂盒)评估低聚氧代哌嗪改变转录活性的能力。将MCF7和A549细胞接种于6-孔板(Greiner BioOne;MCF7细胞:300,000个细胞/孔,使用具有10%FBS(Irvine Scientific)的RPMI培养基(Gibco);A549细胞(ATCC):200,000个细胞/孔,使用具有2%FBS(Irvine Scientific)的F-12K培养基(ATCC))。然后将培养板置于培养箱中24小时(37℃,5%-10%CO2)。
在70%-80%汇合度(24-48小时之后)下,用在对应培养基中的毛壳菌素(约100nM)、BB2-125(5μM或10μM)、BB2-162(5μM或10μM)、BB2-164(20μM)或媒介物对照的溶液(MCF7细胞:具有10%FBS的RPMI培养基,A549细胞:具有0.2%FBS的F-12K培养基)替换所述培养基。将培养板孵育6小时(37℃,5%-10%CO2),然后向适当的孔中加入DFO(Sigma-Aldrich)的水溶液(19.6 mg/ml,通过0.2μm Tuffryn过滤器(PALL)过滤,每孔10μL)以诱导低氧。将培养板再孵育3个小时(37℃,5%-10%CO2),然后将适当的培养板置于含有湿纸巾和厌氧小袋(BD GasPak EZ Pouch System)的塑料袋中以诱导低氧。随后将袋子密封(拉链锁)并且置于培养箱中15小时(37℃,5%-10%CO2),总共使用化合物24小时。
向细胞给予所述化合物后24小时,从所有孔中除去培养基并且使用PBS缓冲液(两次,每孔1ml)洗涤细胞。向孔中加入具有1%v/vβ-巯基乙醇(350μl/孔)的RLT缓冲液以便裂解细胞。使用移液管尖小心地刮掉细胞残余物并且然后将溶胞产物从每个孔中转移到独立的1.5ml收集管(Ambion)中。使用乙醇溶液洗(70%水溶液,400μL/孔)涤所述孔,每次洗涤一个孔,并且然后将洗涤物转移到相应的收集管中,通过上下吸移管中的内容物进行混合直到观察到低粘度的均质溶液。然后将溶胞产物从收集管转移到RNeasy旋转柱中,置于2ml收集管中。离心所述柱(15秒,13000rpm,室温)并且丢弃流出液。向各RNeasy柱中加入RW1缓冲液(700μL)并且离心所述柱(15秒,13000rpm,室温),丢弃流出液。向各RNeasy柱中加入RPE缓冲液(在无水乙醇中的20%溶液,500μL)并且离心所述柱(15秒,13000rpm,室温),丢弃流出液,并且用PRE缓冲液进行另一次洗涤。将RNeasy柱置于新的2ml收集管中并且离心(1分钟,13000rpm,室温)。丢弃流出液和收集管。将RNeasy柱置于新的1.5ml收集管中并且使用直接加入到每个柱中心的不含RNase的水(50μl/样本)洗脱mRNA,接着离心(2分钟,13000rpm,室温)。使用RNAsin(Promega,0.5μL/样本)来稳定RNA。
向各样本中加入Turbo DNase缓冲液(10X,5μL)和Turbo DNase(1μL)以除去残余的基因组DNA。在37℃下将样本孵育30分钟。通过涡旋来重新悬浮DNA钝化试剂,并将其加入(5μL)到每个样本中。在室温下将样本孵育5分钟,然后离心(2分钟,13000rpm,室温)。将上清液(mRNA的溶液)转移到新的收集管(Ambion)中。将mRNA样本稀释20或40倍(取决于预期的浓度范围)并且用UV光谱学(在260nm下的吸收值)测定mRNA浓度。
将mRNA(11μL)与Oligo(dT)18(1μL)、随机引物(1μL)和dNTP混合物(1μL)混合来制备cDNA(Superscript III逆转录方案,Invitrogen)。在65℃下加热所述混合物5分钟,然后在4℃下保持至少1分钟(PxE-0.2热循环器),然后以13,000 rpm将管离心15秒。将第一链缓冲液(5X,4μL)、DTT(0.1M,1μL)和Superscript III RT(1μL)混合到各样本中,随后将样本在25℃下孵育5分钟,然后在50℃下孵育60分钟,最后在70℃下孵育15分钟以便钝化反应。将cDNA的样本在-80℃下储存在冷冻机中。
实施例5-蛋白质印迹
将A549细胞接种于6-孔板中(200,000/孔)。42-44小时后,细胞达到大约70-80%的汇合度。然后用含有DMSO(0.1%v/v)和适当浓度的低聚氧代哌嗪的新鲜培养基替换所有孔中的培养基。以相同的方式处理一个培养板中的每个孔。在37℃(5%CO2)下孵育6小时后,通过将适当的培养板置于BD GasPak Anaerobic EZ Pouch中来诱导低氧。然后将细胞送回培养箱中再持续18或42小时。
在结束孵育之后,将所有培养板置于冰上。然后使用冰冷的PBS(1ml/孔,2次)洗涤细胞,然后在环境温度下使用Promega荧光素酶测定裂解缓冲液(用水稀释至1x浓度并且用ThermoScientific Halt蛋白酶抑制剂混合物补充)裂解细胞:用300μl裂解缓冲液来收获来自一个培养板中所有孔的细胞溶胞产物并且将它们合并到一个预冷却的1.5ml PP管中。将具有溶胞产物的管离心10分钟。小心地收集各个管中的上清液,将其分装到两个0.5ml PP管中并且在-80℃下冷冻。
通过BCA测定来测定每个样本中的蛋白质浓度,然后将所述样本与4x Laemmli加样缓冲液混合。浇注聚丙烯酰胺凝胶(12%)并且将30μg的各样本的总蛋白加入所述凝胶中。执行SDS-PAGE(在120V下10分钟,然后在140V下大约1小时)。此后,将来自各凝胶的蛋白质转移到PVDF膜上。在冰浴中,在Towbin缓冲液(192mM甘氨酸、25mM tris、20%MeOH v/v)中和进行湿式转移1.5-2小时,并且将组件在4℃下置于冰箱中。
在转移后,用TBST缓冲液洗涤所述,膜10分钟,然后用乳封挡(在TBST缓冲液5%w/v,摇动,环境温度,1小时)。然后用TBST缓冲液冲洗所述膜,然后直接用初级抗体(在TBST中1%乳,4℃,轻摇,过夜)孵育。次日,使用TBST缓冲液洗涤所述膜(3次,每次5分钟)并且然后用适当的二级抗体(在TBST中1%乳,轻摇,环境温度,1小时)孵育,此后再次用TBST缓冲液洗涤(3x,每次10分钟)。使用ECL溶液处理所述膜3分钟(Ambion),然后对膜进行X射线胶片曝光。用ImageJ软件定量结果(。(初级抗体:抗HIF-1α BDBiosciences,小鼠,610959,批号23681,1:750;抗c-Met(D1C2)XP,Cell Signaling,兔,#8198P,批号1,1:2000;抗β-肌动蛋白,CellSignaling,兔,4967S,批号6,1:2000。二级抗体:HRP标记的山羊抗小鼠,Santa Cruz,IgG-HRP,sc-2005,批号E0112,1:2000;HRP标记的牛抗兔,Santa Cruz,IgG-HRP,sc-2379,批号A1612)。
如上所述在常氧和低氧条件下使用BB2-162处理A549细胞,并且检测HIF和cMet的水平。如图20至图21所示,如所预期,HIF蛋白水平不受BB2-162的影响,但是用BB2-162处理的细胞中cMet水平降低。这确认了化合物靶向HIF-介导的转录而不靶向HIF本身的水平。
实施例1-5的讨论
低聚氧代哌嗪是以手性主链为特征的非肽螺旋模拟物(参见图7)。这些化合物易于由允许支架结构快速多样化的α-氨基酸合成。主要由α氨基酸组成的低聚氧代哌嗪二聚体和三聚体的构象分析表明这些化合物的长度跨度为7-10mer α-螺旋。已使用相关化合物的晶体结构、量子力学计算和分子力学模拟来更好地理解低聚氧代哌嗪支架结构的构象。结果支持以下假设:低聚氧代哌嗪提供稳定和几何学上适当的螺旋模拟物。
如图8所示,已经开发了氧代哌嗪低聚物的有效微波辅助固相合成法(Arora等的美国专利申请号12/917,176,所述专利在此以引用的方式整体并入本文)。合成的关键步骤涉及闭环,并且已发现使用对硝基苯磺酰基-保护的氨基酸残基的光延条件(Mitsunobu conditions)提供最高的产率。
如图9所示,涵盖用于设计在双转角螺旋(two-turn helix)的一个面上模拟功能性的低聚氧代哌嗪的4种可能的选择-基于所预测的最低能量构象。这些构型在图9中称为“二聚体A-C”和“三聚体”。二聚体构型彼此的不同之处在于:氧代哌嗪残基在规范螺旋上的重叠;二聚体C含有一个额外的N端残基。在二聚体A和B中,氧代哌嗪位置R1和R2重叠在i和i+4残基上,而在二聚体C中,位置R1和R3重叠在这些位置。二聚体A和B的不同之处在于:氧代哌嗪支架结构的轴的相对定位;它们的重叠表明R4可以与i+6或i+7残基对齐。二聚体C的设计采用了不同的对齐方式,其中N端氨基酸残基提供第一次接触。
如本文所述并且如图10和图11所例示,已经设计出具有二聚体B(图10)和二聚体C(图11)螺旋重叠的HIF-1α模拟物。如图12所示,基于计算分析来设计了4种类似物。BB2-164低聚氧代哌嗪是基于二聚体C的设计。BB2-162是基于二聚体B的设计。BB2-125是BB2-162的阴性对照,其中用丙氨酸基团替换谷氨酰胺残基。BB2-282也是阴性对照并且显示没有关键残基。在设计模拟物时,利用了螺旋αB(PDB代码1L8C,残基139-147)HIF-1α的天然氨基酸序列,如图13所例示。图13示出低聚氧代哌嗪BB2-162和螺旋αB的重叠。
执行细胞存活力MTT测定以评估低聚氧代哌嗪的毒性。如图14所示,在高达20μM的浓度下并且GI50值为30μM时,低聚氧代哌嗪对HeLa细胞不发挥毒性作用。
使用荧光素酶报道基因测定(其中VEGF基因产物与荧光素酶(MDA231-VEGF-luc)融合)来定量低聚氧代哌嗪进入细胞并且下调由HIF-1α介导的VEGF转录的能力,如图15所例示。如图16所示,使用BB2-125、BB2-162和BB2-164观察到VEGF-荧光素酶产物水平的浓度依赖性降低。在20μM浓度下,BB2-125阻断荧光素酶转录达大约75%。相比而言,BB2-164阻断转录达88%并且BB2-162阻断转录达95%。因此,BB2-162和BB2-164是HIF-1α转录的有效抑制剂。如所设计,阴性对照活性较低,但是受测试的低聚氧代哌嗪中的每一个减少转录至少50%。值得注意的是,仅使用10或20μM的浓度就实现了这种减少。这是HIF-1α靶在无毒水平下实现显著的转录减少的首次已知示范。
使用定量RT-PCR测定来确立所设计的化合物响应于转录因子/辅激活因子复合制剂的抑制对VEGF细胞水平的影响(参见图17)。如图18所示,BB2-162在5μM和10μM浓度下,分别将VEGF水平降低20%和40%。BB2-164和BB2-125对VEGF mRNA水平的影响较小。使用毛克菌素(CTM)作为阳性对照。已知毛克菌素抑制HIF-1α转录,但是这是通过非特异性变性含Zn蛋白(包括p300/CBP)来实现(Cook等,“Epidithiodiketopiperazines Block the Interaction BetweenHypoxia Inducible Factor-1α(HIF-1α)and p300 by a Zinc EjectionMechanism,”J.Biol.Chem.284:M109.009498(2009);Kung等,“SmallMolecule Blockade of Transcriptional Coactivation of theHypoxia-Inducible Factor Pathway,”Cancer Cell 6:33-43(2004),各个文献在此以引用的方式整体并入本文),并且毛克菌素在有效浓度下是有毒的。HIF-1α与p300/CBP的相互作用控制了一些基因的转录。例如,如图19所示,也发现LOX的水平都将由所有三种化合物下调。
这些实验示范出HIF-1α的螺旋αB的低聚氧代哌嗪模拟物可有效地抑制低氧诱导基因的转录,并且这些效果可在非毒性浓度下实现。
Claims (20)
1.一种式I的低聚氧代哌嗪:
其中:
R1、R2、R3和R4中的每一个独立地为氨基酸侧链、H、N(R)2、OR、卤素、烷基或芳基;其中各R独立地为H、烷基或芳基;
各R6独立地为H、N(R)2、OR、卤素、烷基或芳基;其中各R独立地为H、烷基或芳基;
A为X1或C,其中:
X1为H、COR′、CO2R′、CONR′、烷基、芳基、芳烷基、环烷基、杂芳基、用于保护胺的保护基团、靶向部分或标签;其中R′为H、烷基、芳基、芳烷基、环烷基、杂芳基、靶向部分或标签;并且
C为具有下式的部分
其中:
各X′独立地为H、COR′、CO2R′、CONR′、N(R″)2、烷基、芳基、芳烷基、环烷基、杂芳基、靶向部分或标签;其中:
R′为H、烷基、芳基、芳烷基、环烷基、杂芳基、靶向部分或标签;并且
各R″独立地为H、烷基、芳基、芳烷基、环烷基、杂芳基、靶向部分或标签;
R0为氨基酸侧链、H、N(R)2、OR、卤素、烷基或芳基;其中各R独立地为H、烷基或芳基;并且
R6为H、N(R)2、OR、卤素、烷基或芳基;其中各R独立地为H、烷基或芳基;并且
B为OR′、COR′、N(R″′)2、烷基、芳基、芳烷基、环烷基、杂芳基、用于保护羧酸的保护基团、靶向部分或标签;其中:
R′为H、烷基、芳基、芳烷基、环烷基、杂芳基、靶向部分或标签;并且
各R″′独立地为H、CO2R′、CONR′、烷基、芳基、芳烷基、环烷基、杂芳基、靶向部分或标签;
其中R1和R2是疏水性的并且R4为氢键受体或氢键供体,或者A为具有式的部分,R0和R3是疏水性的,并且R4为氢键受体或氢键供体;并且
前提条件是不符合下列条件中的至少一个条件:R1为亮氨酸侧链,R2为亮氨酸侧链,以及R4为谷氨酰胺侧链。
2.根据权利要求1所述的低聚氧代哌嗪,其中R1和R2是疏水性的并且R4是氢键受体或氢键供体。
3.根据权利要求2所述的低聚氧代哌嗪,其中所述低聚氧代哌嗪是BB2-125或BB2-162。
4.根据权利要求1所述的低聚氧代哌嗪,其中A为具有式的部分,R0和R3是疏水性的,并且R4是氢键受体或氢键供体。
5.根据权利要求2所述的低聚氧代哌嗪,其中所述低聚氧代哌嗪是BB2-164。
6.一种药物制剂,其包含:
根据权利要求1所述的低聚氧代哌嗪,和
药学上可接受的媒介物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的药物制剂,其中R1和R2是疏水性的并且R4是氢键受体或氢键供体。
8.根据权利要求7所述的药物制剂,其中所述低聚氧代哌嗪是BB2-125或BB2-162。
9.根据权利要求6所述的药物制剂,其中A为具有式的部分,R0和R3是疏水性的,并且R4是氢键受体或氢键供体。
10.根据权利要求9所述的药物制剂,其中所述低聚氧代哌嗪是BB2-164。
11.一种减少细胞中基因转录的方法,其中所述基因转录由低氧诱导因子1α与CREB-结合蛋白和/或p300的相互作用介导,所述方法包括:
使所述细胞在有效减少所述基因转录的条件下与根据权利要求1所述的低聚氧代哌嗪接触。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述基因选自由以下组成的组:α1B-肾上腺素能受体、腺苷酸激酶3、肾上腺髓质素、醛缩酶A、醛缩酶C、碳酸酐酶IX、血浆铜蓝蛋白、趋化因子受体类型4(CXCR4、融合素、CD184)、c-Met、内皮素-1、烯醇化酶1、促红细胞生成素、葡萄糖转运蛋白1、葡萄糖转运蛋白3、甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶、血红素加氧酶1、己糖激酶1、己糖激酶2、IGF结合蛋白1、IGF结合蛋白3、胰岛素样生长因子2、乳酸脱氢酶A、赖氨酰氧化酶、单胺氧化酶同工型A、单胺氧化酶同工型B、氧化氮合酶2、p21、p35srg、磷酸果糖激酶、磷酸甘油酸激酶1、纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1、丙酮酸激酶M、基质细胞衍生因子1、运铁蛋白受体、运铁蛋白、转化生长因子β3、丙糖磷酸异构酶1、血管内皮生长因子、血管内皮生长因子受体FLT-1和血管内皮生长因子受体KDR/Flk-1。
13.一种治疗或预防受试者中由低氧诱导因子1α与CREB-结合蛋白和/或p300的相互作用介导的病症的方法,所述方法包括:
在有效治疗或预防所述病症的条件下向所述受试者施用根据权利要求1所述的低聚氧代哌嗪。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述病症选自由以下组成的组:器官发育异常、铁摄取异常、铁代谢异常、氧转运异常、血管收缩异常、血管舒缩张力异常、有氧糖酵解、老年性黄斑变性、攻击行为、血管新生、癌症、抑郁症、糖尿病性黄斑水肿、糖尿病性视网膜病、桥本氏脑病、子宫内生长迟缓、心肌梗塞、嗜铬细胞瘤、肺部高血压、视网膜缺血和哮喘。
15.一种减少或预防组织中的血管新生的方法,所述方法包括:
在有效减少或防止所述组织中的血管新生的条件下使所述组织与根据权利要求1所述的低聚氧代哌嗪接触。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述方法在体外进行。
17.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述组织是肿瘤。
18.一种诱导细胞的细胞凋亡的方法,所述方法包括:
在有效诱导所述细胞的细胞凋亡的条件下使所述细胞与根据权利要求1所述的低聚氧代哌嗪接触。
19.一种减少细胞存活和/或增殖的方法,所述方法包括:
在有效降低所述细胞存活和/或增殖的条件下使所述细胞与根据权利要求1所述的低聚氧代哌嗪接触。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述细胞是癌细胞或含在含有癌细胞的组织的内皮脉管系统中。
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CN107438605A (zh) * | 2015-02-12 | 2017-12-05 | 南加利福尼亚大学 | 疾病预防和治疗中的生长激素受体阻断剂 |
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US9255086B2 (en) | 2012-02-16 | 2016-02-09 | New York University | Control of hypoxia-inducible gene expression with oligooxopiperazine nonpeptidic helix mimetics |
US11180481B2 (en) | 2014-04-15 | 2021-11-23 | New York University | Oxopiperazine helix mimetics as inhibitors of the p53-MDM2 interaction |
WO2015179547A2 (en) * | 2014-05-21 | 2015-11-26 | New York University | Oxopiperazine helix mimetics for control of hypoxia-inducible gene expression |
TWI726969B (zh) | 2016-01-11 | 2021-05-11 | 比利時商健生藥品公司 | 用作雄性激素受體拮抗劑之經取代之硫尿囊素衍生物 |
CN106974741B (zh) * | 2017-03-23 | 2019-04-05 | 首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院 | 间歇性低氧系统在胸主动脉瘤治疗装置中的用途 |
US10632168B2 (en) | 2017-04-06 | 2020-04-28 | Sustain Holdings, Llc | Collagen peptide-based medicament compositions and devices and methods of production and use thereof |
CN111788191B (zh) | 2017-12-15 | 2024-06-04 | 英夕亚生物科技股份公司 | 用于治疗癌症的1-(哌啶基羰基甲基)-2-氧代哌嗪衍生物 |
JP2022530402A (ja) | 2019-04-22 | 2022-06-29 | サステイン ホールディングス,エルエルシー | コラーゲン・ペプチド系医薬組成物および装置、ならびにそれらの製造方法および使用 |
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