CN104327881B - Liquid continuous slag-removal fixed bed gasification furnace and gasification method thereof - Google Patents

Liquid continuous slag-removal fixed bed gasification furnace and gasification method thereof Download PDF

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CN104327881B
CN104327881B CN201410549364.5A CN201410549364A CN104327881B CN 104327881 B CN104327881 B CN 104327881B CN 201410549364 A CN201410549364 A CN 201410549364A CN 104327881 B CN104327881 B CN 104327881B
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slag
water
gasifying agent
furnace
gasification
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CN104327881A (en
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董卫果
张科达
陈贵锋
晁俊楠
王鹏
徐春霞
文芳
杨宗仁
唐楠
郭良元
李小亮
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China Coal Research Institute CCRI
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China Coal Research Institute CCRI
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/36—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/34—Grates; Mechanical ash-removing devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
    • C10J3/76—Water jackets; Steam boiler-jackets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/152—Nozzles or lances for introducing gas, liquids or suspensions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973—Water
    • C10J2300/0976—Water as steam

Abstract

The invention relates to a liquid continuous slag-removal fixed bed gasification furnace and a gasification method thereof, the liquid continuous slag-removal fixed bed gasification furnace is characterized in that: the liquid continuous slag-removal fixed bed gasification furnace from top to bottom in turn comprises a raw material bin, a material lock hopper, a furnace body, a plurality of gasification agent nozzles, a slag-removal device, a molten slag quenching chamber and a slag lock; the raw material bin is funnel-shaped, the lower end of the raw material bin is in fastening connection with the upper end of the raw material lock hopper; the raw material lock hopper is in fastening connection with an upper end port of the furnace body, the upper part of the furnace body is provided with a crude gas outlet, the furnace body inner wall located below the crude gas outlet is provided with a layer of furnace lining; the plurality of gasification agent nozzles are in fastening connection with the lower part of the furnace body and are arranged uniformly along the circumferential direction of the furnace body, the outlet of each gasification agent nozzle passes through the furnace body furnace wall and the furnace lining and extends into the furnace body; the slag-removal device is installed in the furnace body located below the furnace lining, the lower end of the furnace body is in fastening connection with the upper end of the molten slag quenching chamber, and the lower end of the molten slag quenching chamber is in fastening connection with the upper end of the slag lock. The gasification agent nozzles adopt a single channel structure only conveying a gasifying agent, the service life of the gasification agent nozzles is improved, and an overflow type slag pool can effectively ensure the smooth slag removal, and improves the operation efficiency of the fixed bed molten slag gasification furnace.

Description

A kind of liquid continuous discharging slag fixed-bed gasification furnace and gasification process thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of gasification furnace and gasification process thereof, especially with regard to a kind of liquid continuous discharging slag fixed bed gasification Stove and gasification process thereof.
Background technology
Gasification furnace is discharged form by lime-ash and is broadly divided into solid slag discharging gasifying furnace and slag tap gasification furnace two kinds.Liquid is arranged Slag gasification furnace mainly include Shell Coal Gasification stove, GSP powder coal gasification furnace (Siemens's powder coal gasification furnace), space flight stove, The airflow bed gasification furnaces such as water coal slurry pressure gasification and slack coal slag gasifier (BGL gasification furnace).Traditional slag gasification Stove generally comprises the critical components such as gasifying agent nozzle, furnace lining, molten slag bath, burner.
Gasifying agent nozzle is one of critical component of gasification furnace, needs periodically to carry out nozzle during gasification furnace uses Safeguarding or change, but the price comparison of nozzle is expensive, often changing nozzle affects bigger on the use cost of gasification furnace. At present, existing gasification furnace gasifying agent nozzle is divided into two kinds, and a kind of is conveying carbon-containing fuel and the spray of gasifying agent simultaneously Mouth, another kind is the nozzle carrying merely gasifying agent.The nozzle of conveying carbon-containing fuel and gasifying agent is used for air-flow simultaneously Bed gasification furnace, its structure is sufficiently complex, is not easy to processing and safeguards, and due to carbon-containing fuel and the conveying of gasifying agent It is simultaneously to be sprayed into high-temperature gasification stove, carbon-containing fuel and gasifying agent by same nozzle to leave moment that nozzle meets i.e. Burn, the multiple chemical reaction such as gasification, release substantial amounts of heat, the shower nozzle causing nozzle is overheated, has a strong impact on The life-span of nozzle.Additionally, due to carbon-containing fuel and gasifying agent are carried by these nozzles simultaneously, carbon-containing fuel will certainly be right Nozzle produces certain corrasion, especially the shower nozzle position to nozzle and denudes serious, causes nozzle life to shorten.
The nozzle of simple conveying gasifying agent has plasma torch etc., and plasma torch is typically at fluidized-bed gasification furnace Bubbler vaporizer section furnace wall in multilamellar layout, every layer ring-type arranges many plasma torch, each plasma torch Spout point to stove inner axes, in the interval of plasma torch, be additionally provided with water vapour spray gun simultaneously, water vapour sprays Rifle is at least one.Although plasma torch only delivered steam, but due to needs by water vapour with being electrically heated to 4000 DEG C, power consumption is huge, the most energy-conservation, and under such high temperature, the analyte of steam is directly injected in stove, In easily causing stove, local temperature is too high, adversely affects the life-span of gasification furnace.Additionally, due to plasma torch In multilamellar layout, and every layer ring-type arranges many plasma torch, also sets up between the interval of plasma torch There is water vapour spray gun, it is seen that the most at the regional area i.e. number of nozzle of this equipment, seriously reduce the strong of this equipment Degree, is unfavorable for the stable operation at high temperature under high pressure of this equipment.
Furnace lining in conventional flux gasification furnace body of heater mainly uses the refractory brick of high refractoriness to add ramming mass or castable knot Structure, i.e. inner surface build refractory brick by laying bricks or stones, use ramming mass or castable between refractory brick and chuck.This furnace lining due to High-temperature area does not strengthen cooling structure, and refractory brick, chuck scaling loss are serious, cause the slag corrosion resistance ability of refractory brick to become Difference, and easily come off.Along with the appearance of problem during conventional flux gasifier operation, currently also have furnace lining is entered Row improves, and uses the furnace lining of composite construction, and uses for reference operation of blast furnace experience, increases water wall structure in high-temperature region.This The concrete structure planting compound Lining is divided into upper, middle and lower three subregion: upper area is two-layer structure, and outer layer is chuck, Internal layer is silicon carbide castable；Central region is three-decker, and outer layer is chuck, and intermediate layer is the ramming bed of material, internal layer For fire brick layer；Lower area is four-layer structure, and outer layer is chuck, is inwardly followed successively by the ramming bed of material, water-cooling wall and resistance to Firebrick layer.Although this compound Lining adds the water-cooling wall of strengthening cooling at high-temperature area, and builds by laying bricks or stones on water-cooling wall surface Refractory brick, but due to water-cooling wall smooth surface, and be the most firmly connected between water-cooling wall with refractory brick, refractory brick one Denier has crackle easily to propagate and result in entirety to come off.
Also having the water-cooling wall using edge brick structure in blast furnace application, i.e. have tongue and groove on water-cooling wall, refractory brick is embedded in In the tongue and groove of water-cooling wall.But owing to refractory brick is generally fragile material, the significant shear power at tongue and groove is easy to make Becoming the fracture of root of edge brick, thus cause the even entirety that comes off of refractory material protective layer to collapse, effect is undesirable.This Outward, cooling water pipe many employings bottom in and top out formula of current institute application water-cooling wall, after being installed on body of heater, body of heater can be caused Upper perforation is too much, affects sealing and the safety operation of body of heater.
The slag-discharging device of traditional slag gasification furnace lower portion of furnace body is mainly the molten slag bath of inverted cone, and the inner surface of molten slag bath is certainly The upper end of molten slag bath towards molten slag bath lower end in convergence configuration, the inner surface horizontal slope of molten slag bath be 25 °～ 60°.Meanwhile, slag-discharging device takes interval deslagging mode, is i.e. equipped with pressure differential detection between body of heater and shock chamber, and with The diffusion valve of shock chamber is interlocked.After the lime-ash of molten condition runs up to certain altitude in molten slag bath, Bian Huiyou One definite pressure difference, this pressure difference touches interlocking, and the diffusion valve of shock chamber automatically opens up, now in shock chamber Pressure is less than the pressure in body of heater, and slag enters shock chamber automatically.Along with the gradually decreasing of melt cinder amount in molten slag bath, stove Pressure difference between body and shock chamber diminishes.When pressure reduction is little after certain value, again triggering interlocking, shock chamber diffuses Valve is automatically switched off, and tapping process terminates.Whole tapping process is to be realized by the control upper and lower pressure reduction of slag-drip opening, and this is just Require that slag-drip opening is unsuitable excessive, slag-drip opening clogging the most easily occurs.
Annular burner, also known as burner, be the important component of fixed bed slag gasification furnace, annular burner structure, Gas distribution mode, installation site and the combustibility of annular burner fuel gas and combustion system etc., all can be to fixing Smooth deslagging and the torr slag operation of bed slag gasification furnace cause and directly affect, and then have influence on fixed bed slag gasification furnace Stable operation.Annular burner in existing fixed bed slag gasification furnace is arranged on the slag-drip opening lower end of slag-discharging device, and annular is burnt It is connected with natural gas, air and oxygen in mouth, is maintained the slag temperature in slag bath by the burning of natural gas, and utilize The high-temperature gas produced after burning holds the melt cinder in slag bath.But in actual moving process, due to annular nozzle structure Unreasonable, open-cellular form is incorrect, and the reason such as installation site is improper, the irrational phenomenon of gas distribution can be produced, enter And cause gas undercompounding, uneven, produce and owing to local temperature is too low, slag-drip opening occurs in combustion The problems such as blocking, cause gasification furnace to be forced parking maintenance.
Although slag gasification furnace steam decomposition rate is higher, but in running, has waste water produce.At present, For the waste water produced in gasification, it is made into water-coal-slurry for airflow bed gasification furnace.Although this measure solves Environmental issue, but water-coal-slurry is relatively costly in transportation.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of continuous discharging slag fixed-bed gasification furnace and gasification process thereof.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes techniques below scheme: a kind of liquid continuous discharging slag fixed bed slag gasifies Stove, it is characterised in that: it includes a raw material cabin, a raw material lock hopper, a body of heater, some gasifying agents the most successively Nozzle, a slag-discharging device, a slag shock chamber and slag lock；Described raw material cabin is funnel-form, its lower end and described raw material Lock hopper upper end is fastenedly connected；Described raw material lock hopper is fastenedly connected with described body of heater upper port；Described upper of furnace body is provided with One raw gas outlet, is provided with one layer of furnace lining being positioned on the described inboard wall of furnace body below the outlet of described raw gas；Some Individual described gasifying agent nozzle is fastenedly connected in the middle and lower part of described body of heater and is evenly arranged along described body of heater circumference, and each institute State after the outlet of gasifying agent nozzle runs through described body of heater furnace wall and described furnace lining and stretch into described furnace interior；Described slag-discharging device Being installed in the described body of heater below described furnace lining, described body of heater lower end is fastenedly connected with upper end, described slag shock chamber, Described slag shock chamber locks end with described slag in lower end and is fastenedly connected；
Described furnace lining is divided into upper and lower two parts, and upper area is two-layer structure, and outer layer is chuck, and internal layer is fire brick layer, And described chuck uses inside and outside double-layer structure, recirculated cooling water is walked in centre；Lower area is four-layer structure, outer layer be with The described chuck of upper area one, is inwardly followed successively by the ramming bed of material, water-cooling wall and refractory masses；Described water-cooling wall Using sectional type package assembly, described refractory masses is fixed on described water-cooling wall by some anchoring pieces；
Described gasifying agent nozzle includes central canal, water inlet coil pipe, water outlet coil pipe, cooling jacket and gasifying agent shower nozzle；Its In, described central canal is made up of extra heavy pipe, reducer union and tubule, a side end of described extra heavy pipe have be wholely set and Being perpendicular to the gasifying agent import of extra heavy pipe, the other end of described extra heavy pipe is connected with described tubule by described reducer union, institute The inner tube of the other end and described gasifying agent shower nozzle of stating tubule is connected；Described cooling jacket is set in the thin of described central canal Outside pipe, its one end is connected with the outer tube of described gasifying agent shower nozzle, and the other end is supported by locating support, and with described Water inlet coil pipe, described thin and described water tray sealing of tube are integrated, and carry out sealing and fix；Described water inlet coil pipe is arranged on Outside the extra heavy pipe of described central canal, its one end connects a cooling water inlet by cooling water bend pipe, and the other end is through described The deep inside of described cooling jacket is stretched into after locating support；Described water outlet coil pipe is also arranged on the extra heavy pipe of described central canal Outside, its one end connects a coolant outlet by described cooling water bend pipe, and the other end is stretched after running through described locating support Enter the shallow place, inside of described cooling jacket；
Described slag-discharging device includes an annular inverted cone mesa-shaped slag bath, and the middle part of described slag bath is hollow cone mesa-shaped deslagging Mouthful, and the overfall of described slag-drip opening upper end in the height direction be slightly below described slag bath outer ledge.
Described anchoring piece uses metal material to make, and one end of anchoring piece is embedded in described water-cooling wall, and the other end is one curved Head is also embedded in described refractory masses, and described refractory masses is played fixation by elbow by described anchoring piece； The spacing of anchoring piece described in adjacent two is 50～90mm, and the elbow of described anchoring piece is apart from described refractory masses inner surface 10～30mm；
Described water-cooling wall inner cooling water pipe is serpentine configuration, and described cooling water pipe uses to enter under shock chamber, next-out, and Described cooling water pipe between each described water-cooling wall uses parallel way；Water velocity in described cooling water pipe controls 0.5～3.5m/s；Described cooling water pipe material is fine copper, steel or spheroidal graphite cast-iron；
The thickness of described fire brick layer is 200～250mm, and meet compressive resistance >=60MPa, loading softening starts temperature Spend >=1430 DEG C, apparent porosity≤16%, heating permanent line change (1400 DEG C × 2h)/%:-0.2～+0.1, described Fire brick layer is specially clay brick or high-alumina brick；
Described water-cooling wall material meets electrical conductivity >=85%IACS, tensile strength >=170N/mm2, elongation percentage >=30%, tool Body is fine copper, steel or spheroidal graphite cast-iron；
Described refractory masses is steely fiber fireproof material, and thickness is 70～200mm, and it meets compressive resistance >=55MPa, loading softening start temperature >=1700 DEG C, iron-resistant water-soluble erosion index≤1%, anti-slag action≤10%, Alkali resistance≤10%, apparent porosity≤16%, air permeability≤1.0mDa, average pore size≤1.0 μm, less than 1 μm pore volume Long-pending rate >=70%；Described refractory masses is made up of refractory aggregate, refractory powder, bonding agent and steel fibre, ingredients by weight Number is as follows:
Refractory aggregate 80～95 number, refractory powder 5～20 number, bonding agent 2～10 number, steel fibre 2～30 Number；Wherein, the combination of one or more during refractory aggregate is corundum, bauxites aggregate or carborundum；Refractory powder The combination of one or more in the fine powder material processed for refractory aggregate or alumina powder；Bonding agent be aluminate cement, The combination of one or more in Low-lime aluminate cement, calcium and magnesium aluminate cement, aluminium dihydrogen phosphate or aluminum sulfate；Resistance to Hot steel fibre is 310,446,430 or the combination of one or more in NAs430A；Steel fibre use a length of 5～ 30mm, a diameter of 0.2～1mm；Described refractory masses is specially corundum, Gao Ge, carborundum or silicon nitride bonded silicon carbon SiClx；
The material that the described ramming bed of material is used is the refractory material with heat-insulating property, meet heat conductivity (350 ± 25) DEG C/[w/ (m k)]≤0.80, specially clayey, High-Alumina, kieselguhr, calcium silicates or siliceous.
Described gasifying agent is sprayed by described gasifying agent nozzle by being arranged on the locating flange of slag gasification furnace body of heater middle and lower part Mouth positions, and arranges gasifying agent nozzle described at least one of which along its circumferencial direction, and every layer is 2-10 described gasification Agent nozzle, and every layer of described gasifying agent nozzle be evenly arranged along its place circumference；The friendship of described gasifying agent nozzle extended line The 10-100% that vertical dimension is described body of heater internal diameter of point extremely described slag-discharging device upper end slag-drip opening, described gasifying agent nozzle Radial direction drift angle be 0 °-45 °, linear velocity v of described gasifying agent nozzle meets claimed below: 0≤v≤250m/s；
Described central canal is near one end of gasifying agent import by Flange joint one ball valve, and the other end of described ball valve passes through Another Flange joint one visor, another flange described is provided with a nitrogen interface, is passed through by described nitrogen interface and blows Sweep nitrogen, described visor can be purged, and prevent the high-temperature gas infringement to described visor, purge post-purge nitrogen Gas is entered in gasification furnace by described central canal and described gasifying agent shower nozzle；
The outer tube of described gasifying agent shower nozzle and described cooling jacket outer tube are additionally provided with a protection set, outside described protection set Enclose and holddown belt is installed, for described protection set being fixed on described cooling jacket, the outboard end of described protection set Having an annular slot, this annular slot is provided with a clamping cap, it is close on described gasifying agent shower nozzle；
The inner tube of described gasifying agent shower nozzle is to have the Taper Pipe of contract half-angle α, and contract half-angle α is 0 °-90 °； The outer tube of described gasifying agent shower nozzle is the Taper Pipe with outer expansion half angle β, and outer expansion half angle β is 0 °-90 °；Described Ratio d:h of the spout bore d and inner tube diameter h of gasifying agent shower nozzle is 1:1.5-1:50；
The gasifying agent injected in described gasifying agent import is air, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapour or its mixed gas；
Gasification agent temperature is 150-500 DEG C, and gasifying agent pressure is 0-7.6MPa；
The cooling water that described cooling water inlet injects is for softening water, and softened water quality meets softened water quality standard: suspend Thing≤5mg/L, total hardness≤0.03mmol/L, pH (25 DEG C) >=7, dissolved oxygen≤0.1mg/L, oil content≤2mg/L.
Overflow diameter D1 of described slag-drip opening upper end meets: 20 < D1 < 400mm, overflow diameter D1 and institute simultaneously The uncovered shape section diameter D2 stating slag-drip opening lower end meets: D2 ＞ D1；
Angle between sidewall and the described body of heater axis of described slag bath is that β, β meet following angle requirement: 0 ° of < β <90°；The depth H of described slag bath meets: 0 < H < 1.5m, and the overfall of described slag-drip opening upper end is less than outside described slag bath Lateral edges h meets: 20≤h≤100mm；
The working surface of described slag bath all pours into a mould one layer of special refractory, described special refractory thickness be 20～ 30mm, special refractory 5-3 meets compressive resistance >=55MPa, loading softening starts temperature >=1700 DEG C, iron-resistant water Corrosion index≤1%, anti-slag action≤10%, alkali resistance≤10%, apparent porosity≤16%, air permeability≤1.0mDa, Average pore size≤1.0 μm, less than 1 μm pore volume rate >=70%, specially microporous corundum brick, carbon composite brick, Sai Long Combined corundum brick, corundum brick, high-chrome brick, carborundum or silicon nitride combined silicon carbide；
Described slag bath uses metal casting to form, and is embedded with spiral helicine cooling water pipe inside it；
The material of described slag bath meets electrical conductivity >=85%IACS, tensile strength >=170N/mm2, elongation percentage >=30%, tool Body is fine copper, steel or spheroidal graphite cast-iron etc.；The material of described cooling water pipe is fine copper, steel or spheroidal graphite cast-iron；
The slag-drip opening center of described slag-discharging device is equipped with nozzle, and described nozzle is made up of inside and outside two passages, and outer tunnel walks circulation Cooling water, internal channel enters natural gas.
Be provided with in the bottom of described slag-discharging device one annular burner, described annular burner include natural gas adapter, body, Annular upper plugging plate, annular lower plugging plate, air adapter, natural gas circular passage, air circular passage, natural pore and Airport；Wherein, described body is an annular metal member, and it is recessed that the inner side, top of described body has an annular Groove, the opening of this annular groove is closed by described annular upper plugging plate to form described natural gas circular passage, described sky So gas adapter is arranged on the outside of described body and is connected with described natural gas circular passage；The bottom of described body is leaned on Outer side has another annular groove, and the opening of this annular groove is closed by described annular lower plugging plate to form described sky Gas ring shape passage, the adapter of described air be arranged on the described natural gas relative opposite side of adapter and with described air annular Passage is connected；Several described natural pores are circumferentially evenly arranged in described natural gas circular passage near described Side, body center, several described airports are circumferentially evenly arranged in described air circular passage in described body Heart side, and described natural pore is positioned at the oblique upper of described airport；
The cross section of described natural gas circular passage is L-shaped, and the cross section of described air circular passage is square；
The central axis of each described natural pore intersects on certain point of described body central axis diagonally downward, each described sky The central axis of pore intersects on another aspect of described body central axis diagonally downward, and each described natural pore Intersection point be positioned at above the intersection point of each described airport, two intersection point distances L are 0 ＜ L≤200mm；Described natural pore And the number of described airport determines according to the size of described body；
Four connectors are had, for described body is fixed on fixed bed at the outside of described body circumferentially uniform welding Bottom slag gasification furnace slag-drip opening；
Be symmetrically arranged with two cleanout plug screws in the outside of described body, described in two, cleanout plug screw is natural with described respectively Gas ring shape passage is connected with described air circular passage.
The gasification process of described liquid continuous discharging slag fixed-bed gasification furnace, it comprises the following steps:
1) gasified raw material is filled it up with in raw material cabin in advance, by raw material cabin, gasified raw material is sent in raw material lock hopper, In raw material lock hopper after overcharging pressure leak process, gasified raw material is sent in body of heater；
2) being passed through by gasifying agent in gasifying agent nozzle, gasifying agent quickly sprays through gasifying agent nozzle, and enters into body of heater Interior reaction with gasified raw material generating gasification generates raw gas；
3) meanwhile, to the water-cooling wall inner cooling water pipe of furnace lining carry always recirculated cooling water body of heater is cooled down, Heat radiation；
4) raw gas that gasification reaction produces is sent by the raw gas outlet of upper of furnace body；
5) during the melt cinder that gasification reaction produces first converges to the slag bath of slag-discharging device, after slag bath is full of by melt cinder, melt cinder Go out from the overfall continuous overflow of slag-discharging device and enter shock chamber；Meanwhile, natural gas and air are led to respectively Entering in natural gas circular passage and the air circular passage of annular burner, natural gas and air spray into sharp with certain speed In cold house and burn completely so that bottom slag-discharging device can thermally equivalent, with prevent melt cinder after slag-drip opening overflow goes out Slag-discharging device bottom produces condensation；
6) after the melt cinder in entrance slag shock chamber is cooled down rapidly by chilled water more logical by slag lock again after supercooling Overcharge pressure leak process, discharge out of the furnace.
Carrying out step 2) time, the cooling water coil outside central canal carries recirculated cooling water, circulating cooling always After water cooled water water inlet plate pipe is flowed into the sealing annular space of cooling jacket and gasifying agent shower nozzle and tubule composition, then through cold But water water tray pipe flow goes out, and is reduced the temperature of gasifying agent nozzle by this process；
When situation in body of heater observed by needs, it is passed through purging nitrogen by nitrogen interface and ball valve is opened, visor and stove Interior connection, by furnace flame combustion case in visor understanding work.
The operating pressure of body of heater is 2.0～7.0MPa, and the temperature in body of heater the most slowly raises, upper of furnace body Temperature between 400 DEG C～600 DEG C, the temperature in the middle part of body of heater between 1000 DEG C～1200 DEG C, the temperature of lower portion of furnace body Between 1200 DEG C～2000 DEG C, discharge the product temperature of body of heater between 300 DEG C～500 DEG C.
Gasified raw material is block or slurry, and block is in lump coal, moulded coal, petroleum coke, biomass block and rubbish briquetting One or more；Wherein, the granularity requirements of block be 6～50mm, crushing strength require ＞ 85%, heat stability want Seek TS+6>=65%, ash fusibility requires ST ＜ 1400 DEG C；Slurry is liquefied residue slip, water-coal-slurry, coal, first Alcohol coal slurry, polynary slurry, light oil or heavy oil；Wherein, slurry concentration require >=60%, gasifying agent be air, oxygen, Carbon dioxide, water vapour or its mixed gas.
Due to the fact that and take above technical scheme, it has the advantage that 1, the gasifying agent nozzle of the present invention is owing to adopting With only carrying the single-pass configuration of gasifying agent, therefore when gasifying agent and the carbon containing combustion in body of heater of the ejection of gasifying agent nozzle After material contact, chemical reaction just can occur, effectively prevent the amount of heat released in chemical reaction process and cause shower nozzle mistake The problem of heat, improves the service life of gasifying agent nozzle.2, the furnace lining of the present invention is owing to have employed cast containing steel fibre Refractory masses, forces cooling heat radiation by metal anchorage and water-cooling wall inner cooling water, therefore, it is possible to extend fire proofed wood Bed of material service life, it is connected by metal anchorage between refractory masses with water-cooling wall, close structure, difficult drop-off. Water-cooling wall inner cooling water pipe uses to enter under shock chamber, next-out, it is to avoid perforate on body of heater, it is ensured that whole gasification installation Stable operation under high pressure.3, the deslagging pond of the present invention compared to existing slag-discharging device eliminate original deslagging institute required Complex control system, save equipment investment, and solve the smooth phenomenon of the deslagging caused because cinder notch is less, Smooth deslagging is effectively ensured, thus improves operational efficiency and the safety in operation of fixed bed slag gasification furnace.4, the present invention Annular burner owing to using the annular channel structure of inside and outside two-layer, and inside natural gas passage and air duct respectively Being provided with equally distributed natural pore and airport, the high-temperature gas product gas distribution therefore produced after combustion of natural gas is more For uniformly, effectively prevent the problem that slag-drip opening blocks.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the gasifying agent nozzle of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the close-up schematic view of the gasifying agent shower nozzle of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the generalized section that gasifying agent nozzle is arranged on body of heater；
Fig. 5 is the cross-sectional view of the furnace lining of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the water-cooling wall of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the cooling water pipe of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the top view of the cooling water pipe of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is the structural representation of the slag-discharging device of the present invention；
Figure 10 is the structural representation of the nozzle of the present invention；
Figure 11 is the cross-sectional view of the annular burner of the present invention；
Figure 12 is the top view of the annular burner of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
With embodiment, the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shows the fixed bed slag gasification furnace of the continuous discharging slag provided according to the present invention, and it wraps the most successively Include raw material cabin 1, raw material lock hopper 2, body of heater 3, some gasifying agent nozzles 4, slag-discharging device 5, slag swashs Cold house 6 and slag lock 7.Raw material cabin 1 is in funnel-form, and its lower end is fastenedly connected with raw material lock hopper 2 upper end.Raw material is locked Bucket 2 is fastenedly connected with body of heater 3 upper port.Body of heater 3 top is provided with a raw gas outlet, is being positioned at raw gas outlet It is provided with one layer of furnace lining 8 on body of heater 3 inwall of lower section.Several gasifying agent nozzles 4 are fastenedly connected in body of heater 3 After bottom is also evenly arranged along body of heater 3 circumference, and the outlet of each gasifying agent nozzle 4 runs through body of heater 3 furnace wall and furnace lining 8 Stretch into body of heater 3 internal.Slag-discharging device 5 is installed in the body of heater 3 below furnace lining 8, body of heater 3 lower end and slag shock chamber 6 upper ends are fastenedly connected, and lower end, slag shock chamber 6 and slag are locked 7 upper ends and be fastenedly connected.
In the above-described embodiments, as shown in Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, during the gasifying agent nozzle 4 that the present invention provides includes Heart pipe 4-8, water inlet coil pipe 4-9, water outlet coil pipe 4-16, cooling jacket 4-11 and gasifying agent shower nozzle 4-13.Wherein, Central canal 4-8 is made up of extra heavy pipe 4-8-1, reducer union 4-8-2 and tubule 4-8-3, a side of extra heavy pipe 4-8-1 Portion has the gasifying agent import 4-14 being wholely set and being perpendicular to extra heavy pipe 4-8-1, and the other end of extra heavy pipe 4-8-1 is by becoming Drive connector 4-8-2 is connected with tubule 4-8-3, and the other end of tubule 4-8-3 is connected with the inner tube of gasifying agent shower nozzle 4-13. Cooling jacket 4-11 is set in outside the tubule 4-8-3 of central canal 4-8, outside its one end is with gasifying agent shower nozzle 4-13 Pipe connects, and the other end supports by locating support 4-10, and with coil pipe 4-9, tubule 4-8-3 and the water outlet coil pipe of intaking 4-16 is welded as a whole, and carries out sealing and fixes, so that cooling jacket 4-11 and gasifying agent shower nozzle 4-13 and tubule 4-8-3 Between formed one sealing annular space.Water inlet coil pipe 4-9 is arranged on outside the extra heavy pipe 4-8-1 of central canal 4-8, its one end Logical supercooled water bend pipe 4-6 connects a cooling water inlet 4-5, and the other end stretches into cooling water after locating support 4-10 The deep inside of set 4-11.Water outlet coil pipe 4-16 is also arranged on outside the extra heavy pipe 4-8-1 of central canal 4-8, its one end Logical supercooled water bend pipe 4-6 connects a coolant outlet 4-15, and the other end stretches into cooling after running through locating support 4-10 The shallow place, inside of water jacket 4-11；
Wherein, gasifying agent nozzle 4 is by being arranged on the locating flange 4-7 of slag gasification furnace body of heater middle and lower part to gasifying agent Nozzle 4 positions, and arranges at least one of which gasifying agent nozzle 4 along its circumferencial direction, and every layer can be by 2-10 gasification Agent nozzle 4 forms, preferably 4-8 gasifying agent nozzle composition, and every layer of gasifying agent nozzle 4 is along its place circumference uniformly Arrange.In the intersection point of gasifying agent nozzle 4 extended line to the vertical dimension of slag-discharging device 5 upper end slag-drip opening 5-2 is body of heater 3 The 10-100% in footpath, the preferably 20-80% of body of heater 3 internal diameter, the radial direction drift angle of gasifying agent nozzle 4 is 0 °-45 °, Linear velocity v of gasifying agent nozzle 4 meets claimed below: 0≤v≤250m/s, generally reaches more than 130m/s；
Central canal 4-8 connects a ball valve 4-3, ball valve 4-3 near one end of gasifying agent import 4-14 by flange 4-4 The other end connect a visor 4-1 by flange 4-2, flange 4-2 is provided with nitrogen interface 4-19, passes through nitrogen Gas interface 4-19 is passed through purging nitrogen, can purge visor 4-1, and prevents the high-temperature gas damage to visor 4-1 Evil, purging post-purge nitrogen is entered in gasification furnace by central canal 4-8 and gasifying agent shower nozzle 4-13.Pass through nitrogen interface 4-19 is passed through purging nitrogen and opens ball valve 4-3, in visor 4-1 connection stove, and observable furnace flame combustion case, Close ball valve 4-3 and can effectively cut off purging nitrogen, simultaneously work as pressure maintaining effect；
For preventing the high temperature and high pressure environment infringement to gasifying agent nozzle 4 in body of heater 3, outside gasifying agent shower nozzle 4-13 Pipe and cooling jacket 4-11 outer tube are additionally provided with a protection set 4-12, and the periphery of protection set 4-12 is provided with holddown belt 4-18, for protection set 4-12 is fixed on cooling jacket 4-11, the outboard end of protection set 4-12 has a ring Shape draw-in groove, this annular slot is provided with a clamping cap 4-17, is used for compressing protection set 4-12 so that it is be close to gasification On agent shower nozzle 4-13, to prevent the high temperature and high pressure environment infringement to gasifying agent shower nozzle 4-13 in body of heater 3；
The inner tube of gasifying agent shower nozzle 4-13 is to have the Taper Pipe of contract half-angle α, and contract half-angle α is 0 °-90 °, It is preferably 30 °-60 °；The outer tube of gasifying agent shower nozzle 4-13 is the Taper Pipe with outer expansion half angle β, outer expansion half-angle β is 0 °-90 °, preferably 0 °-60 °；The spout bore d of gasifying agent shower nozzle 4-13 and the ratio of inner tube diameter h Example d:h meets 1:1.5-1:50, preferably 1:2-1:30；
The gasifying agent injected in gasifying agent import 4-14 can be air, oxygen-enriched air, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water Steam or its mixed gas；
Gasification agent temperature is 150-500 DEG C, preferably 200-400 DEG C；Gasifying agent pressure is 0-7.6MPa, is preferably 2.6-4.6MPa；
The cooling water that cooling water inlet 4-5 injects is for softening water, and softened water quality meets softened water quality standard: suspend Thing≤5mg/L, total hardness≤0.03mmol/L, pH (25 DEG C) >=7, dissolved oxygen≤0.1mg/L, oil content≤2mg/L.
In the above-described embodiments, as shown in Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8, the furnace lining 8 that the present invention provides is divided into up and down Two parts, upper area is two-layer structure, and outer layer is chuck 8-1, and internal layer is fire brick layer 8-2, and chuck 8-1 Using inside and outside double-layer structure, recirculated cooling water is walked in centre, and heat transfer type is natural water circulation heat transfer.Lower area is four Rotating fields, outer layer is and the chuck 8-1 of upper area one, is inwardly followed successively by ramming bed of material 8-3, water-cooling wall 8-4 With refractory masses 8-5.Water-cooling wall 8-4 uses sectional type package assembly, and refractory masses 8-5 is by some anchorings Part 8-6 is fixed on water-cooling wall 8-4；
Wherein, anchoring piece 8-6 uses metal material to make, and one end of anchoring piece 8-6 is embedded in water-cooling wall 8-4, separately One end is an elbow and is embedded in refractory masses 8-5, and refractory masses 8-5 is played by anchoring piece 8-6 by elbow Fixation.The spacing of adjacent two anchoring piece 8-6 is 50～90mm, the elbow distance refractory masses 8-5 of anchoring piece Inner surface 10～30mm；
Water-cooling wall 8-4 inner cooling water pipe 8-7 is serpentine configuration, and cooling water pipe 8-7 uses to enter under shock chamber, next-out (i.e. the water inlet of cooling water pipe 8-7 and outlet are all connected with the external world in slag shock chamber 6), and each water-cooling wall 8-4 Between cooling water pipe 8-7 use parallel way.Water velocity in cooling water pipe 8-7 controls 0.5～3.5m/s, Preferably 1～3m/s.Cooling water pipe 8-7 material can be fine copper, steel or spheroidal graphite cast-iron etc., preferably steel；
The thickness of fire brick layer 8-2 is 200～250mm, and fire brick layer 8-2 meets compressive resistance >=60MPa, lotus Heavily soften start temperature >=1430 DEG C, apparent porosity≤16%, heating permanent line change (1400 DEG C × 2h)/%:-0.2～ + 0.1 (i.e. under the conditions of 1400 DEG C, keep permanent line change in 2 hours), fire brick layer 8-2 concretely clay brick Or high-alumina brick, preferably clay brick；
Water-cooling wall 8-4 material meets electrical conductivity >=85%IACS (International Annealed Copper Standard, International Annealed Copper Standard), tensile strength >=170N/mm2, elongation percentage >=30%, concretely fine copper, Steel or spheroidal graphite cast-iron etc., preferably fine copper；
Refractory masses 8-5 is steely fiber fireproof material, and thickness is 70～200mm, and it meets compressive resistance >=55MPa, loading softening start temperature >=1700 DEG C, iron-resistant water-soluble erosion index≤1%, anti-slag action≤10%, Alkali resistance (intensity rate of descent)≤10%, apparent porosity≤16%, air permeability≤1.0mDa, average pore size≤1.0 μm, Less than 1 μm pore volume rate >=70%.Refractory masses 8-5 is by refractory aggregate, refractory powder, bonding agent and steel fibre Composition, ingredients by weight number is as follows:
Refractory aggregate 80～95 number, refractory powder 5～20 number, bonding agent 2～10 number, steel fibre 2～30 Number.Wherein, the combination of one or more during refractory aggregate is corundum, bauxites aggregate or carborundum.Refractory powder The combination of one or more in the fine powder material processed for refractory aggregate or alumina powder.Bonding agent be aluminate cement, The combination of one or more in Low-lime aluminate cement, calcium and magnesium aluminate cement, aluminium dihydrogen phosphate or aluminum sulfate.Resistance to Hot steel fibre is 310,446,430 or the combination of one or more in NAs430A.Steel fibre use a length of 5～ 30mm, a diameter of 0.2～1mm.Refractory masses 8-5 concretely corundum, Gao Ge, carborundum or silicon nitride bonded silicon Carborundum, preferably corundum, carborundum or silicon nitride combined silicon carbide；
The material that ramming bed of material 8-3 is used is the refractory material with heat-insulating property, meet heat conductivity (350 ± 25) DEG C/[w/ (m k)]≤0.80 (i.e. (350 ± 25) DEG C [watt/( meter Du)]≤0.80), concretely glues Soil property, High-Alumina, kieselguhr, calcium silicates or siliceous.
In the above-described embodiments, as it is shown in figure 9, the slag-discharging device 5 that the present invention provides includes an annular inverted cone mesa-shaped slag Pond 5-1, the middle part of slag bath 5-1 is hollow cone mesa-shaped slag-drip opening 5-2, and the overfall of slag-drip opening 5-2 upper end exists Slag bath 5-1 outer ledge it is slightly below in short transverse；
Wherein, overflow diameter D1 of slag-drip opening 5-2 upper end meets: 20 < D1 < 400mm, overflow diameter D1 simultaneously Meet with the uncovered shape section diameter D2 of slag-drip opening 5-2 lower end: D2 ＞ D1；
Angle between sidewall and body of heater 3 axis of slag bath 5-1 is that β, β meet following angle requirement: 0 ° of < β <90°.The depth H of slag bath 5-1 meets: the overfall of 0 < H < 1.5m, slag-drip opening 5-2 upper end is less than slag bath 5-1 Outer ledge h meets: 20≤h≤100mm；
The working surface of slag bath 5-1 all pours into a mould one layer of special refractory 5-3, special refractory 5-3 thickness be 20～ 30mm, special refractory 5-3 meets compressive resistance >=55MPa, loading softening starts temperature >=1700 DEG C, iron-resistant water Corrosion index≤1%, anti-slag action≤10%, alkali resistance (intensity rate of descent)≤10%, apparent porosity≤16%, Air permeability≤1.0mDa, average pore size≤1.0 μm, less than 1 μm pore volume rate >=70%, concretely micropore corundum Brick, carbon composite brick, SiAlON bonded corundum brick, corundum brick, high-chrome brick, carborundum or silicon nitride combined silicon carbide etc., Preferred microporous corundum brick, carbon composite brick, high-chrome brick, carborundum or silicon nitride combined silicon carbide；
Slag bath 5-1 uses metal casting to form, and is embedded with spiral helicine cooling water pipe 5-4 inside it；
The material of slag bath 5-1 meets electrical conductivity >=85%IACS (International Annealed Copper Standard, International Annealed Copper Standard), tensile strength >=170N/mm2, elongation percentage >=30%, concretely fine copper, Steel or spheroidal graphite cast-iron etc., preferably fine copper.The material of cooling water pipe 5-4 can be fine copper, steel or spheroidal graphite cast-iron etc., preferably Steel；
In the above-described embodiments, as shown in Figure 10, the slag-drip opening 5-2 center of slag-discharging device 5 is equipped with nozzle 10, this spray Mouth 10 is made up of inside and outside two passages, and outer tunnel walks recirculated cooling water, and internal channel enters natural gas.The installation energy of nozzle 10 In enough preventing stove, unreacted raw material is directly fallen in slag shock chamber 6 from slag-drip opening 5-2, and by natural gas Burning, it is possible to eventually become molten slag for high ash melting point coal gasification and heat is provided.
In the above-described embodiments, as shown in Figure 11, Figure 12, an annular burner 9 is installed in the bottom of slag-discharging device 5, Annular burner includes that natural gas adapter 9-1, body 9-2, annular upper plugging plate 9-3, annular lower plugging plate 9-4, air connect Pipe 9-5, natural gas circular passage 9-8, air circular passage 9-9, natural pore 9-10 and airport 9-11.Its In, body 9-2 is an annular metal member, and the inner side, top of body 9-2 has an annular groove, this annular The opening of groove is closed by annular upper plugging plate 9-3 and is set forming natural gas circular passage 9-8, natural gas adapter 9-1 Put in the outside of body 9-2 and be connected with natural gas circular passage 9-8.The outer side, bottom of body 9-2 has Another annular groove, the opening of this annular groove passes through annular lower plugging plate 9-4 and closes to form air circular passage 9-9, Air adapter 9-5 is arranged on the opposite side relative with natural gas adapter 9-1 and is connected with air circular passage 9-9. Several natural pore 9-10 are circumferentially evenly arranged in natural gas circular passage 9-8 near side, body 9-2 center, Several airports 9-11 is circumferentially evenly arranged in air circular passage 9-9 near side, body 9-2 center, and sky So pore 9-10 is positioned at the oblique upper of airport 9-11；
Wherein, the cross section of natural gas circular passage 9-8 is L-shaped, and the cross section of air circular passage 9-9 is square；
The central axis of each natural pore 9-10 intersects on certain point of body 9-2 central axis diagonally downward, each sky The central axis of pore 9-11 intersects on another aspect of body 9-2 central axis diagonally downward, and each natural pore The intersection point of 9-10 is positioned at above the intersection point of each airport 9-11, and two intersection point distances L are 0 ＜ L≤200mm, and preferably 3 ≤L≤100mm；
The number of natural pore 9-10 and airport 9-11 determines according to the size of body 9-2；
The outside of body 9-2 circumferentially uniform welding have four connector 9-6 (only as example, however it is not limited to this), For body 9-2 is fixed on bottom fixed bed slag gasification furnace slag-drip opening；
Be symmetrically arranged with two cleanout plug screw 9-7 in the outside of body 9-2, two cleanout plug screw 9-7 are respectively with natural Gas ring shape passage 9-8 is connected with air circular passage 9-9, for cleaning natural gas circular passage 9-8 and sky respectively Gas ring shape passage 9-9.
According to the continuous discharging slag fixed bed slag gasification furnace provided in above-described embodiment, present invention also offers a kind of continuous The gasification process of deslagging fixed bed slag gasification furnace, it comprises the following steps:
1) gasified raw material is filled it up with in advance in raw material cabin 1, by raw material cabin 1, gasified raw material is sent to raw material and locks In bucket 2, in raw material lock hopper 2 after overcharging pressure leak process, gasified raw material is sent in body of heater 3；
2) being passed through by gasifying agent in gasifying agent nozzle 4, gasifying agent quickly sprays through gasifying agent nozzle 4, and enters into React generation raw gas in body of heater 3 with gasified raw material generating gasification, combustion zone temperature is up to 1600 DEG C of left sides in the process Right；
3) huge heat can be released due to the gasifying agent in body of heater 3 after meanwhile, reacting with gasified raw material generating gasification Amount, therefore to the water-cooling wall 8-4 inner cooling water pipe of furnace lining 8 carry always recirculated cooling water body of heater 3 is cooled down, Heat radiation；
4) raw gas that gasification reaction produces is sent by the raw gas outlet on body of heater 3 top；
5) during the melt cinder that gasification reaction produces first converges to the slag bath 5-1 of slag-discharging device 5, when slag bath 5-1 is filled by melt cinder Man Hou, melt cinder goes out from the overfall continuous overflow of slag-discharging device 6 and enters shock chamber 6；Meanwhile, by natural Gas and air each lead in the natural gas circular passage 9-8 and air circular passage 9-9 of annular burner 9, natural gas In spraying into shock chamber 6 with air with certain speed and burn completely so that bottom slag-discharging device 5 can thermally equivalent, To prevent melt cinder from producing condensation after slag-drip opening 5-2 overflow goes out in slag-discharging device 5 bottom；
6) after the melt cinder in entrance slag shock chamber 6 is cooled down rapidly by chilled water, then 7 are locked by slag again after supercooling By filling pressure leak process, discharge out of the furnace.
Carrying out above-mentioned steps 2) time, gasifying agent can be sprayed by the high temperature that the gasification reaction owing to occurring in body of heater 3 produces Mouth 4 causes certain infringement, and therefore the cooling water coil outside central canal 4-8 carries recirculated cooling water always, circulation Cooling water cooled water water inlet coil pipe 4-9 is flowed into cooling jacket 4-11 and gasifying agent shower nozzle 4-13 and tubule 4-8-3 After the sealing annular space of composition, more cooled water water outlet coil pipe 4-16 flows out, and reduces gasifying agent nozzle 4 by this process Temperature.
When situation in body of heater observed by needs, it is passed through purging nitrogen by nitrogen interface and ball valve is opened, visor and stove Interior connection, by furnace flame combustion case in visor understanding work.
Carrying out above-mentioned steps 3) time, refractory masses 8-5 is dispelled the heat by metal anchorage 8-6 and water-cooling wall 8-4, The ablation of refractory masses 8-5 can be reduced or avoided.And once after refractory masses 8-5 scaling loss, due to fire proofed wood Bed of material 8-5 is fixed on water-cooling wall 8-4 by anchoring piece 8-6, is therefore effectively prevented refractory masses 8-5 and goes out The phenomenon now come off.Additionally, due to be provided with the ramming bed of material 8-3 with heat-insulating property outside water-cooling wall 8-4, Hence in so that the cooling water temperature that the chilling temperature of water-cooling wall 8-4 is less than chuck 8-1, decrease the feedwater of chuck 8-1 band The heat of cold wall 8-4, reduces the thermic load of water-cooling wall 8-4, is conducive to improving water-cooling wall 8-4 to refractory masses The cooling effect of 8-5.
In the above-described embodiments, the operating pressure of body of heater 3 is 2.0～7.0MPa, and the temperature in body of heater 3 is from top to bottom Slowly raise, the temperature on body of heater 3 top between 400 DEG C～600 DEG C, the temperature in the middle part of body of heater 3 at 1000 DEG C～ Between 1200 DEG C, the temperature of body of heater 3 bottom, between 1200 DEG C～2000 DEG C, discharges the product temperature of body of heater 3 Between 300 DEG C～500 DEG C.
In the above-described embodiments, gasified raw material can be block or slurry, and block may is that lump coal, moulded coal, oil Jiao, biomass block, rubbish briquetting.Wherein the granularity requirements of block be 6～50mm, crushing strength require ＞ 85%, Thermal stability requirement TS+6>=65%, ash fusibility requires ST ＜ 1400 DEG C.Slurry may is that liquefied residue slip, water Coal slurry, coal, methanol coal slurry, polynary slurry and the fluid fuel of the aqueous carbon containing such as light oil, heavy oil, wherein slurry Concentration requirement >=60%.Gasifying agent can be air, oxygen-enriched air, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapour or its gaseous mixture Body.
In the above-described embodiments, the key component content of raw gas that gasification reaction generates be respectively as follows: carbon monoxide 40%～ 65%, hydrogen 20%～40%, methane 1%～15%, carbon dioxide 1%～20%, nitrogen 0.2%～10% and a small amount of Hydrogen sulfide and cos etc..This gas can be used as chemical industry synthetic raw gas, combined cycle generation fuel gas, extracts hydrogen Unstripped gas and other various fuel gas.
Below by specific embodiment, in order to the technique effect of the present invention to be described.
Embodiment 1:
The gasification furnace internal diameter that test is used is 2.0m, arranges four nozzles.Vaporizer dischargeable capacity is 30m3, Gao Jing Ratio is 6, and nozzle is evenly arranged by one layer of circumference, and axial drift angle α is 19 °, and the intersection point of nozzle extended line is to slag-discharging device The vertical dimension of upper end slag-drip opening is the furnace diameter of 0.2 times.Body of heater internal upper part region furnace lining is two-layer structure, outer layer For chuck, internal layer is clay brick.Lower area furnace lining is four-layer structure, and outer layer is chuck, is inwardly followed successively by ramming mass Layer, water-cooling wall, refractory masses.Wherein, water-cooling wall uses piecemeal to assemble, and is made up of 8 pieces of water-cooling walls altogether, water-cooled Wall wall thickness is 150mm, and height is 1850mm, uses refractory wass to seal between water-cooling wall.The water inlet pipe and water outlet pipe of water-cooling wall Employing is entered under shock chamber, next-out, and cooling water pipe is serpentine configuration, and the cooling water pipe between water-cooling wall uses parallel connection side Formula connects, and the water velocity in cooling water pipe controls as 2m/s.Refractory masses is metal fiber refractory material, resistance to Metallic fiber volume content in fire material is 7%, and metallic fiber selects stainless steel fibre 430.Refractory material is by gold Belonging to anchoring piece to be fixed on water-cooling wall, metal anchorage spacing is 70mm, and metal anchorage is a length of 80mm in stretching into stove, The refractory material layer thickness of casting is 100mm.In body of heater, furnace lining bottom is overflow-type slag-discharging device, overflows in this slag-discharging device upper end Head piece is 150mm, lower end be uncovered shape section diameter be 250mm, the slag-discharging device degree of depth is 1000mm, slag-discharging device upper end Overfall is less than slag-discharging device edge 60mm, the angle between sidewall and the body of heater axis of slag-discharging device female cone mesa-shaped slag-drip opening It it is 5 °.Pre-buried cooling water pipe in slag-discharging device, the water velocity in cooling water pipe controls as 3m/s.Work at slag-discharging device Building microporous corundum brick on surface by laying bricks or stones, thickness is 30mm.Slag-discharging device lower end is divided equipped with annular oxygen distribution ware, annular oxygen Cloth device is made up of oxygen channel and oxygen endless tube, and oxygen endless tube tube wall top offers 16 equally distributed ventholes, In annular oxygen distribution ware, amount of oxygen out is 20Nm3/ h, can prevent occurring analysis ferrum phenomenon in slag.
The main material of clay brick of gasification furnace upper area is w (Al2O3) about 50%.The water-cooling wall material choosing of lower area With fine copper, chemical composition is: w (Cu+Ag) about 99.5%, w (S) about 0.01%, w (P) about 0.03%, w (other impurity Summation) about 0.46% (containing P, S).In water-cooling wall, pre-buried cooling water pipe material is 20# seamless steel pipe.Refractory masses Material selection corundum, meets w (Al2O3) about 90%, w (Fe2O3) about 1%.Overflow-type slag-discharging device uses fine copper casting, changes Study and be divided into: w (Cu+Ag) about 99.5%, w (S) about 0.01%, w (P) about 0.03%, w (other impurity summations) about 0.46% (containing P, S).Slag-discharging device inner cooling water tubing matter is 20# seamless steel pipe.The microporous corundum brick material on slag-discharging device surface Meet w (Al2O3) about 90%, w (Fe2O3) about 1%.
The process coal amount of this gasification furnace is 272t/d.Prevailing operating conditions, gasification flow process and gasification result are as follows:
Raw material: a kind of bituminous coal lump coal, its main character is as follows: granularity 6～13mm, and softening temperature ST is 1160 DEG C, Crushing strength is 92.1%, heat stability TS+6Be 65.3%, TS6-3Be 33.9%, TS3-1It is 0.8%.
(1) prevailing operating conditions:
Vapor pressure: 2.0MPa
Steam oxygen ratio: 0.96～1kg/Nm3
Amount of oxygen: 4000Nm3/h
Oxygen temperature: room temperature
Quantity of steam: 3840kg/h
Vapor (steam) temperature: 400～450 DEG C
Coal amount: 250～300t/d
(2) gasification flow process:
Block bituminous coal fills it up with raw material cabin in advance, enters in gasification furnace by raw material lock hopper, and gasifying agent oxygen and water vapour lead to Crossing in gasifying agent nozzle enters burner hearth and react with bituminous coal, wherein amount of oxygen is 4000Nm3/ h, quantity of steam is 3840kg/h, Entering stove bituminous coal amount is 272t/d, generates product tolerance 18985Nm3/ h, releases heat, produces molten slag simultaneously. Product gas leaves vaporizer upwardly through raw gas outlet, and molten slag is pooled in slag-discharging device, after waiting slag-discharging device full, The molten slag slag-drip opening from slag-discharging device upper end overflows and exits into shock chamber, and high-temperature liquid state slag is the coldest by chilled water But after, then gasified boiler system is discharged by slag lock.During this, it is huge that gasifying agent is released after reacting with carbonaceous material Heat makes molten slag be constantly in flow regime in slag bath, prevents molten slag at slag-discharging device top deslagging simultaneously The condensation of mouth, it is ensured that being smoothed out of tapping process.
(3) major gasification result of the test:
Table 1 gasification gas composition (butt): mol%
H2 CO CO2 CH4 N2+Ar H2S+COS CnHm
28.65 55.53 5.92 5.40 3.50 0.09 0.91
Ash content carbon: 2.3%
Ton coal raw gas yield: 1582Nm3/t
Cold gas efficiency: 88.5%
CO+H2+CH4Content: 89.58%.
Embodiment 2:
The gasification furnace internal diameter that test is used is 3.6m, arranges six nozzles.Vaporizer dischargeable capacity 180m3, Gao Jing Ratio is 5, and nozzle is evenly arranged by one layer of circumference, and axial drift angle α is 19 °, and the intersection point of nozzle extended line is to slag-discharging device The vertical dimension of upper end slag-drip opening is the furnace diameter of 0.1 times.Body of heater internal upper part region furnace lining is two-layer structure, outer layer For chuck, internal layer is clay brick.Lower area furnace lining is four-layer structure, and outer layer is chuck, is inwardly followed successively by ramming mass Layer, water-cooling wall and refractory masses.Wherein, water-cooling wall uses sectional type to assemble, and 12 pieces altogether, water-cooling wall thickness is 150mm, height is 1850mm, uses High-Alumina refractory wass to seal between water-cooling wall.The water inlet pipe and water outlet pipe of water-cooling wall is adopted Enter with under shock chamber, next-out, cooling water pipe is serpentine configuration, and cooling water pipe between water-cooling wall uses parallel way Connecting, the water velocity in cooling water pipe controls as 2m/s.Refractory masses is metal fiber refractory material, thickness 100mm, this refractory material selection corundum, the metallic fiber volume content in refractory material is 8%, and metallic fiber is selected Stainless steel fibre 430Al.Refractory material is fixed on water-cooling wall by metal anchorage, spacing between metal anchorage For 70mm, metal anchorage elbow distance refractory masses surface about 20mm.In body of heater, furnace lining bottom is overflow-type deslagging Device, this slag-discharging device upper end overfall is 300mm, lower end be uncovered shape section diameter be 500mm, the slag-discharging device degree of depth is 1200mm, slag-discharging device upper end slag-drip opening be less than slag-discharging device edge 80mm, the sidewall of slag-discharging device female cone mesa-shaped slag-drip opening with Angle between body of heater axis is 5 °.Slag-discharging device uses fine copper casting, pre-buried cooling water pipe in slag-discharging device, cools down water Water velocity in pipe controls as 3m/s.Slag-discharging device working surface is built by laying bricks or stones microporous corundum brick, thickness 30mm.Deslagging Device lower end is made up of oxygen channel and oxygen endless tube equipped with annular oxygen distribution ware, annular oxygen distribution ware, oxygen endless tube Tube wall top offers 20 equally distributed ventholes, and in annular oxygen distribution ware, amount of oxygen out is 116Nm3/ h, can prevent from analysing in slag the generation of ferrum phenomenon.
The main material of clay brick of gasification furnace upper area is w (Al2O3) about 55%, the water-cooling wall material in lower portion of furnace body region Matter selects fine copper, and chemical composition meets: w (Cu+Ag) about 99.5%, w (S) about 0.01%, w (P) about 0.03%, w (its His impurity summation) about 0.46% (containing P, S).Sealing High-Alumina refractory wass used between water-cooling wall is w (Al2O3) about 90%. In water-cooling wall, pre-buried cooling water pipe material is 20# seamless steel pipe.Inside water-cooling wall, refractory masses material is w (Al2O3) About 90%, w (Fe2O3) about 1%.Overflow-type slag-discharging device material is: w (Cu+Ag) about 99.5%, w (S) about 0.01%, w (P) About 0.03%, w (other impurity summations) about 0.46% (containing P, S).In slag-discharging device, pre-buried cooling water pipe material is 20# Seamless steel pipe.The microporous corundum brick material on slag-discharging device surface is w (Al2O3) about 90%, w (Fe2O3) about 1%.
The process coal amount of this gasification furnace is 1400t/d.Prevailing operating conditions, gasification flow process and gasification result are as follows:
Raw material: a kind of bituminous coal lump coal, its main character is as follows: granularity 6～50mm, and softening temperature ST is 1240 DEG C, Crushing strength is 89.5%, heat stability TS+6Be 66.2%, TS6-3Be 32.4%, TS3-1It is 1.4%.
(1) prevailing operating conditions:
Vapor pressure: 4.0MPa
Steam oxygen ratio: 0.96～1kg/Nm3
Amount of oxygen: 14000Nm3/h
Oxygen temperature: room temperature
Quantity of steam: 13000kg/h
Vapor (steam) temperature: 400～450 DEG C
Coal amount: 55～60t/h
(2) gasification flow process:
Block bituminous coal fills it up with raw material cabin in advance, enters in gasification furnace by raw material lock hopper, and gasifying agent oxygen and water vapour lead to Crossing in gasifying agent nozzle enters burner hearth and react with bituminous coal, wherein amount of oxygen is 14000Nm3/ h, quantity of steam is 13000kg/h, Entering stove bituminous coal amount is 60t/h, generates product tolerance 90000Nm3/ h, releases heat, produces molten slag simultaneously.Produce Product gas leaves vaporizer upwardly through raw gas outlet, and molten slag is pooled in slag-discharging device, after waiting slag-discharging device full, and liquid The state slag slag-drip opening from slag-discharging device upper end overflows and exits into shock chamber, and high-temperature liquid state slag is cooled down rapidly by chilled water After, then discharged gasified boiler system by slag lock.During this, the huge heat that gasifying agent is released after reacting with carbonaceous material Amount makes molten slag be constantly in flow regime in slag bath, prevents molten slag at slag-discharging device top slag-drip opening simultaneously Condensation, it is ensured that being smoothed out of tapping process.
(3) major gasification result of the test:
Table 2 gasification gas composition (butt): mol%
H2 CO CO2 CH4 N2+Ar H2S+COS CnHm
28.54 55.23 5.65 8.14 1.34 0.11 0.99
Ash content carbon: 1.9%
Ton coal raw gas yield: 1500Nm3/t
Cold gas efficiency: 90%
CO+H2+CH4Content: 91.91%.
The various embodiments described above are only used for having carried out the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect the most specifically Bright, be not limited to the present invention, all within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any amendment, the equivalent made are replaced Change, improvement etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 3:
The gasification furnace internal diameter that test is used is 5.0m, arranges eight nozzles.Vaporizer dischargeable capacity 450m3, Gao Jing Ratio is 5, and nozzle is evenly arranged by one layer of circumference, and axial drift angle α is 19 °, and the intersection point of nozzle extended line is to slag-discharging device The vertical dimension of upper end slag-drip opening is the furnace diameter of 0.1 times.Body of heater internal upper part region furnace lining is two-layer structure, outer layer For chuck, internal layer is clay brick.Lower area furnace lining is four-layer structure, and outer layer is chuck, is inwardly followed successively by ramming mass Layer, water-cooling wall and refractory masses.Wherein, water-cooling wall uses sectional type to assemble, and 18 pieces altogether, water-cooling wall thickness is 150mm, height is 1850mm, uses High-Alumina refractory wass to seal between water-cooling wall.The water inlet pipe and water outlet pipe of water-cooling wall is adopted Enter with under shock chamber, next-out, cooling water pipe is serpentine configuration, and cooling water pipe between water-cooling wall uses parallel way Connecting, the water velocity in cooling water pipe controls as 2m/s.Refractory masses is metal fiber refractory material, thickness 100mm, this refractory material selection corundum, the metallic fiber volume content in refractory material is 8%, and metallic fiber is selected Stainless steel fibre 430Al.Refractory material is fixed on water-cooling wall by metal anchorage, spacing between metal anchorage For 70mm, metal anchorage elbow distance refractory masses surface about 20mm.In body of heater, furnace lining bottom is overflow-type deslagging Device, this slag-discharging device upper end overfall is 300mm, lower end be uncovered shape section diameter be 500mm, the slag-discharging device degree of depth is 1200mm, slag-discharging device upper end slag-drip opening be less than slag-discharging device edge 80mm, the sidewall of slag-discharging device female cone mesa-shaped slag-drip opening with Angle between body of heater axis is 5 °.Slag-discharging device uses fine copper casting, pre-buried cooling water pipe in slag-discharging device, cools down water Water velocity in pipe controls as 3m/s.Slag-discharging device working surface is built by laying bricks or stones microporous corundum brick, thickness 30mm.Deslagging Device lower end is made up of oxygen channel and oxygen endless tube equipped with annular oxygen distribution ware, annular oxygen distribution ware, oxygen endless tube Tube wall top offers 20 equally distributed ventholes, and in annular oxygen distribution ware, amount of oxygen out is 116Nm3/h, can prevent from analysing in slag the generation of ferrum phenomenon.
The main material of clay brick of gasification furnace upper area is w (Al2O3) about 55%, the water-cooling wall material in lower portion of furnace body region Selecting fine copper, chemical composition meets: w (Cu+Ag) about 99.5%, w (S) about 0.01%, w (P) about 0.03%, w (other Impurity summation) about 0.46% (containing P, S).Sealing High-Alumina refractory wass used between water-cooling wall is w (Al2O3) about 90%. In water-cooling wall, pre-buried cooling water pipe material is 20# seamless steel pipe.Inside water-cooling wall, refractory masses material is w (Al2O3) About 90%, w (Fe2O3) about 1%.Overflow-type slag-discharging device material is: w (Cu+Ag) about 99.5%, w (S) about 0.01%, w (P) About 0.03%, w (other impurity summations) about 0.46% (containing P, S).In slag-discharging device, pre-buried cooling water pipe material is 20# Seamless steel pipe.The microporous corundum brick material on slag-discharging device surface is w (Al2O3) about 90%, w (Fe2O3) about 1%.
The process coal amount of this gasification furnace is 2500t/d.Prevailing operating conditions, gasification flow process and gasification result are as follows:
Raw material: a kind of bituminous coal lump coal, its main character is as follows: granularity 6～50mm, and softening temperature ST is 1160 DEG C, Crushing strength is 88.4%, and heat stability TS+6 is 65.1%, TS6-3 is 31.6%, TS3-1 is 3.3%.
(1) prevailing operating conditions:
Vapor pressure: 4.0MPa
Steam oxygen ratio: 0.96～1kg/Nm3
Amount of oxygen: 24000Nm3/h
Oxygen temperature: room temperature
Quantity of steam: 23000kg/h
Vapor (steam) temperature: 400～450 DEG C
Coal amount: 90～100t/h
(2) gasification flow process:
Block bituminous coal fills it up with raw material cabin in advance, enters in gasification furnace by raw material lock hopper, and gasifying agent oxygen and water vapour lead to Crossing in gasifying agent nozzle enters burner hearth and react with bituminous coal, wherein amount of oxygen is 24000Nm3/ h, quantity of steam is 23000kg/h, Entering stove bituminous coal amount is 100t/h, generates product tolerance 150000Nm3/ h, releases heat, produces molten slag simultaneously. Product gas leaves vaporizer upwardly through raw gas outlet, and molten slag is pooled in slag-discharging device, after waiting slag-discharging device full, The molten slag slag-drip opening from slag-discharging device upper end overflows and exits into shock chamber, and high-temperature liquid state slag is the coldest by chilled water But after, then gasified boiler system is discharged by slag lock.During this, it is huge that gasifying agent is released after reacting with carbonaceous material Heat makes molten slag be constantly in flow regime in slag bath, prevents molten slag at slag-discharging device top deslagging simultaneously The condensation of mouth, it is ensured that being smoothed out of tapping process.
(3) major gasification result of the test:
Table 3 gasification gas composition (butt): mol%
H2 CO CO2 CH4 N2+Ar H2S+COS CnHm
28.33 55.14 5.36 7.98 1.23 0.21 1.75
Ash content carbon: 2.1%
Ton coal raw gas yield: 1500Nm3/t
Cold gas efficiency: 89.6%
CO+H2+CH4 content: 91.45%
Embodiment 4:
This example illustrates: uses the present invention can realize extensive lump coal and gasifies and attach part fine coal and carry out coal water slurry gasification Produce synthesis gas (CO+H2+CH4), higher conversion ratio and gasification efficiency can be obtained simultaneously, gasification waste water realizes zero-emission Put.
The gasification furnace internal diameter that used of test is 3.6m, arranges six nozzles, wherein four be arranged symmetrically with for gasifying agent Nozzle, two other be arranged symmetrically with for coal-water slurry nozzle, vaporizer dischargeable capacity 180m3, ratio of height to diameter is 5, nozzle Being evenly arranged by one layer of circumference, axial drift angle α is 19 °, and the intersection point of nozzle extended line is to slag-discharging device upper end slag-drip opening Vertical dimension is the furnace diameter of 0.1 times.Body of heater internal upper part region furnace lining is two-layer structure, and outer layer is chuck, internal layer For clay brick.Lower area furnace lining is four-layer structure, and outer layer is chuck, be inwardly followed successively by the ramming bed of material, water-cooling wall and Refractory masses.Wherein, water-cooling wall uses sectional type to assemble, and 12 pieces altogether, water-cooling wall thickness is 150mm, water-cooled High-Alumina refractory wass is used to seal between wall.The water inlet pipe and water outlet pipe of water-cooling wall uses to enter under shock chamber, next-out, cooling Water pipe is serpentine configuration, and the cooling water pipe between water-cooling wall uses parallel way to connect, the water velocity in cooling water pipe Control as 2m/s.Refractory masses is metal fiber refractory material, thickness 100mm, and corundum selected by this refractory material, Metallic fiber volume content in refractory material is 8%, and metallic fiber selects stainless steel fibre 430Al.Refractory material leads to Crossing metal anchorage to be fixed on water-cooling wall, between metal anchorage, spacing is 70mm, and metal anchorage elbow is apart from resistance to Fire material surface about 20mm.In body of heater, furnace lining bottom is overflow-type slag-discharging device, and this slag-discharging device upper end slag-drip opening is 300mm, lower end be uncovered shape section diameter be 500mm, the slag-discharging device degree of depth is 1200mm, and slag-discharging device upper end slag-drip opening is low Angle between slag-discharging device edge 80mm, sidewall and the body of heater axis of slag-discharging device female cone mesa-shaped slag-drip opening is 5 °. Slag-discharging device uses fine copper casting, pre-buried cooling water pipe in slag-discharging device, and the water velocity in cooling water pipe controls as 3m/s. Slag-discharging device working surface is built by laying bricks or stones microporous corundum brick, thickness 30mm.Slag-discharging device lower end is equipped with annular oxygen distribution ware, Annular oxygen distribution ware is made up of oxygen channel and oxygen endless tube, and oxygen endless tube tube wall top offers 20 and is uniformly distributed Venthole, in annular oxygen distribution ware, amount of oxygen out is 116Nm3/h, can prevent from analysing in slag the product of ferrum phenomenon Raw.
The main material of clay brick of gasification furnace upper area is w (Al2O3) about 55%, the water-cooling wall material in lower portion of furnace body region Selecting fine copper, chemical composition meets: w (Cu+Ag) about 99.5%, w (S) about 0.01%, w (P) about 0.03%, w (other Impurity summation) about 0.46% (containing P, S).Sealing High-Alumina refractory wass used between water-cooling wall is w (Al2O3) about 90%. In water-cooling wall, pre-buried cooling water pipe material is 20# seamless steel pipe.Inside water-cooling wall, refractory masses material is w (Al2O3) About 90%, w (Fe2O3) about 1%.Overflow-type slag-discharging device material is: w (Cu+Ag) about 99.5%, w (S) about 0.01%, w (P) About 0.03%, w (other impurity summations) about 0.46% (containing P, S).In slag-discharging device, pre-buried cooling water pipe material is 20# Seamless steel pipe.The microporous corundum brick material on slag-discharging device surface is w (Al2O3) about 90%, w (Fe2O3) about 1%.
The process coal amount of this gasification furnace is 1400t/d, and wherein processing lump coal amount is 1300t/d, processes coal amount and is 100t/d.Prevailing operating conditions, gasification flow process and gasification result are as follows:
Raw material: a kind of bituminous coal lump coal and the water-coal-slurry being made up of this bituminous coal fine coal, its main character is as follows: lump coal granularity 6～50mm, water coal slurry concentration 60%, bituminous coal softening temperature ST is 1210 DEG C, and lump coal crushing strength is 95.2%, heat Stability TS+6 is 65.4%, TS6-3 is 32.5%, TS3-1 is 2.1%.
(1) prevailing operating conditions:
Vapor pressure: 4.0MPa
Amount of oxygen: 16800Nm3/h
Oxygen temperature: room temperature
Quantity of steam: 13000kg/h
Vapor (steam) temperature: 400～450 DEG C
Enter stove lump coal amount: 55～60t/h
Enter stove water-coal-slurry amount: 5～10t/h
(2) gasification flow process:
Block bituminous coal fills it up with raw material cabin in advance, enters in gasification furnace by raw material lock hopper, and water-coal-slurry passes through two opposed sprays Mouth enters in stove, and gasifying agent oxygen and water vapour be interior and water-coal-slurry by four additional opposed gasifying agent nozzle entrance burner hearth And bulk bituminous coal reacts, wherein amount of oxygen is 16800Nm3/ h, quantity of steam is 13000kg/h, enters stove bulk cigarette Coal amount is 55t/h, and entering stove water-coal-slurry amount is 7t/h, generates product tolerance 91000Nm3/ h, releases heat, produces simultaneously Raw molten slag.Product gas leaves vaporizer upwardly through raw gas outlet, undecomposed steam, warp in product gas The gasification waste water formed after condensation is used for preparing water-coal-slurry, sprays in stove from two opposed nozzles, again participates in gasified reverse Should, thus realize gasification waste water zero-emission.Molten slag is pooled in slag-discharging device, after waiting slag-discharging device full, and molten slag Slag-drip opening from slag-discharging device upper end overflows and exits into shock chamber, after high-temperature liquid state slag is cooled down rapidly by chilled water, then Gasified boiler system is discharged by slag lock.During this, the huge heat that gasifying agent is released after reacting with carbonaceous material makes liquid State slag is constantly in flow regime in slag bath, prevent simultaneously molten slag in the condensation of slag-discharging device top slag-drip opening, Ensure that being smoothed out of tapping process.
(3) major gasification result of the test:
Table 4 gasification gas composition (butt): mol%
H2 CO CO2 CH4 N2+Ar H2S+COS CnHm
29.67 52.84 8.31 6.93 1.20 0.20 0.85
Ash content carbon: 2.1%
Ton coal raw gas yield: 1542Nm3/t
Steam resolution ratio: 90%
Cold gas efficiency: 87.56%
CO+H2+CH4 content: 89.44%
Embodiment 5:
This example illustrates: uses the present invention can realize the gasification of extensive high ash melting point lump coal and produces synthesis gas (CO+H2+CH4), Higher conversion ratio and gasification efficiency can be obtained simultaneously.
The gasification furnace internal diameter that test is used is 3.6m, arranges six nozzles and a bottom nozzle, and six of which is symmetrical The nozzle arranged is gasifying agent nozzle, and another one bottom nozzle is natural gas nozzle.Vaporizer dischargeable capacity 180m3, Ratio of height to diameter is 5, and nozzle is evenly arranged by one layer of circumference, and axial drift angle α is 19 °, and the intersection point of nozzle extended line is to row The furnace diameter that vertical dimension is 0.1 times of slag device upper end slag-drip opening, bottom nozzle is positioned at slag-drip opening center and is perpendicular to Slag-drip opening.Body of heater internal upper part region furnace lining is two-layer structure, and outer layer is chuck, and internal layer is clay brick, lower area stove Lining is four-layer structure, and outer layer is chuck, is inwardly followed successively by the ramming bed of material, water-cooling wall and refractory masses.Wherein, water Cold wall uses sectional type to assemble, and 12 pieces altogether, water-cooling wall thickness is 150mm, uses High-Alumina fire-resistant between water-cooling wall Mud seals.The water inlet pipe and water outlet pipe of water-cooling wall uses to enter under shock chamber, next-out, and cooling water pipe is serpentine configuration, water-cooled Cooling water pipe between wall uses parallel way to connect, and the water velocity in cooling water pipe controls as 2m/s.Refractory material Layer is metal fiber refractory material, thickness 100mm, and corundum selected by this refractory material, and the metal in refractory material is fine Dimension volume content is 8%, and metallic fiber selects stainless steel fibre 430Al.Refractory material is fixed on by metal anchorage On water-cooling wall, between metal anchorage, spacing is 70mm, metal anchorage elbow distance refractory masses surface about 20mm. In body of heater, furnace lining bottom is overflow-type slag-discharging device, and this slag-discharging device upper end slag-drip opening is 300mm, and lower end is uncovered shape part A diameter of 500mm, the slag-discharging device degree of depth is 1200mm, and slag-discharging device upper end slag-drip opening is less than slag-discharging device edge 80mm, deslagging Angle between sidewall and the body of heater axis of device female cone mesa-shaped slag-drip opening is 5 °.Slag-discharging device uses fine copper casting, row Pre-buried cooling water pipe in slag device, the water velocity in cooling water pipe controls as 3m/s.Slag-discharging device working surface is built by laying bricks or stones Microporous corundum brick, thickness 30mm.
The main material of clay brick of gasification furnace upper area is w (Al2O3) about 55%, the water-cooling wall material in lower portion of furnace body region Selecting fine copper, chemical composition meets: w (Cu+Ag) about 99.5%, w (S) about 0.01%, w (P) about 0.03%, w (other Impurity summation) about 0.46% (containing P, S).Sealing High-Alumina refractory wass used between water-cooling wall is w (Al2O3) about 90%. In water-cooling wall, pre-buried cooling water pipe material is 20# seamless steel pipe.Inside water-cooling wall, refractory masses material is w (Al2O3) About 90%, w (Fe2O3) about 1%.Overflow-type slag-discharging device material is: w (Cu+Ag) about 99.5%, w (S) about 0.01%, w (P) About 0.03%, w (other impurity summations) about 0.46% (containing P, S).In slag-discharging device embedded cooling pipe material be 20# without Seam steel pipe.The microporous corundum brick material on slag-discharging device surface is w (Al2O3) about 90%, w (Fe2O3) about 1%.
The process coal amount of this gasification furnace is 1400t/d.Prevailing operating conditions, gasification flow process and gasification result are as follows:
Raw material: a kind of bituminous coal lump coal, its main character is as follows: granularity 6～50mm, and softening temperature ST is 1350 DEG C, Crushing strength is 95%, and heat stability TS+6 is 66.7%, TS6-3 is 32.8%, TS3-1 is 0.5%.
(1) prevailing operating conditions:
Vapor pressure: 4.0MPa
Amount of oxygen: 14800Nm3/h
Oxygen temperature: room temperature
Quantity of steam: 13000kg/h
Vapor (steam) temperature: 400～450 DEG C
Amount of natural gas: 400Nm3/h
Natural gas temperature: 40 DEG C
Coal amount: 55～60t/h
(2) gasification flow process:
Block bituminous coal fills it up with raw material cabin in advance, enters in gasification furnace by raw material lock hopper, and gasifying agent oxygen and water vapour lead to Cross in six opposed nozzles enter burner hearth and react with bituminous coal.Natural gas enters in stove by bottom nozzle, by combustion Burn the ash melting that heat release is high-melting-point coal and heat is provided.In whole gasification, amount of oxygen is 14800Nm3/ h, steams Vapour amount is 13000kg/h, and amount of natural gas is 400Nm3/ h, entering stove bituminous coal amount is 60t/h, generates product tolerance 91000Nm3/ h, releases heat, produces molten slag simultaneously.Product gas leaves vaporizer upwardly through raw gas outlet, Molten slag is pooled in slag-discharging device, after waiting slag-discharging device full, molten slag from the slag-drip opening overflow of slag-discharging device upper end go out into Enter shock chamber, after high-temperature liquid state slag is cooled down rapidly by chilled water, then discharged gasified boiler system by slag lock.In this mistake Cheng Zhong, the huge heat that gasifying agent is released after reacting with carbonaceous material makes molten slag be constantly in flowing shape in slag bath State, prevents molten slag in the condensation of slag-discharging device top slag-drip opening, it is ensured that being smoothed out of tapping process simultaneously.
(3) major gasification result of the test:
Table 5 gasification gas composition (butt): mol%
H2 CO CO2 CH4 N2+Ar H2S+COS CnHm
27.78 55.21 5.64 8.05 1.32 0.21 1.79
Ash content carbon: 1.5%
Ton coal raw gas yield: 1510Nm3/t
Cold gas efficiency: 89.4%
CO+H2+CH4Content: 91.04%
Embodiment 6:
This example illustrates: use the present invention can realize CO2Return stove Substitute For Partial steam, thus reduce accordingly and rub on an equal basis The steam consumption of your number, had both saved steam, had achieved again CO2Utilization, and the CO added in raw gas contains Amount.
The gasification furnace internal diameter that test is used is 3.6m, arranges six nozzles.Vaporizer dischargeable capacity 180m3, Gao Jing Ratio is 5, and nozzle is evenly arranged by one layer of circumference, and axial drift angle α is 19 °, and the intersection point of nozzle extended line is to slag-discharging device The vertical dimension of upper end slag-drip opening is the furnace diameter of 0.1 times.Body of heater internal upper part region furnace lining is two-layer structure, outer layer For chuck, internal layer is clay brick, and lower area furnace lining is four-layer structure, and outer layer is chuck, is inwardly followed successively by ramming mass Layer, water-cooling wall and refractory masses.Wherein, water-cooling wall uses sectional type to assemble, and 12 pieces altogether, water-cooling wall thickness is 150mm, uses High-Alumina refractory wass to seal between water-cooling wall.The water inlet pipe and water outlet pipe of water-cooling wall uses to enter under shock chamber, under Going out formula, cooling water pipe is serpentine configuration, and the cooling water pipe between water-cooling wall uses parallel way to connect, in cooling water pipe Water velocity control as 2m/s.Refractory masses is metal fiber refractory material, thickness 100mm, this fire proofed wood Corundum selected by material, and the metallic fiber volume content in refractory material is 8%, and metallic fiber selects stainless steel fibre 430Al. Refractory material is fixed on water-cooling wall by metal anchorage, and between metal anchorage, spacing is 70mm, metal anchorage Elbow distance refractory masses surface about 20mm.In body of heater, furnace lining bottom is overflow-type slag-discharging device, and this slag-discharging device upper end is arranged Cinder notch is 300mm, lower end be uncovered shape section diameter be 500mm, the slag-discharging device degree of depth is 1200mm, slag-discharging device upper end Slag-drip opening is less than slag-discharging device edge 80mm, the angle between sidewall and the body of heater axis of slag-discharging device female cone mesa-shaped slag-drip opening It it is 5 °.Slag-discharging device uses fine copper casting, pre-buried cooling water pipe in slag-discharging device, and the water velocity in cooling water pipe controls For 3m/s.Slag-discharging device working surface is built by laying bricks or stones microporous corundum brick, thickness 30mm.Slag-discharging device lower end is equipped with annular oxygen Distributor, annular oxygen distribution ware is made up of oxygen channel and oxygen endless tube, and oxygen endless tube tube wall top offers 20 Individual equally distributed venthole, in annular oxygen distribution ware, amount of oxygen out is 116Nm3/h, can prevent from analysing in slag The generation of ferrum phenomenon.
The main material of clay brick of gasification furnace upper area is w (Al2O3) about 55%, the water-cooling wall material in lower portion of furnace body region Selecting fine copper, chemical composition meets: w (Cu+Ag) about 99.5%, w (S) about 0.01%, w (P) about 0.03%, w (other Impurity summation) about 0.46% (containing P, S).Sealing High-Alumina refractory wass used between water-cooling wall is w (Al2O3) about 90%. In water-cooling wall, pre-buried cooling water pipe material is 20# seamless steel pipe.Inside water-cooling wall, refractory masses material is w (Al2O3) About 90%, w (Fe2O3) about 1%.Overflow-type slag-discharging device material is: w (Cu+Ag) about 99.5%, w (S) about 0.01%, w (P) About 0.03%, w (other impurity summations) about 0.46% (containing P, S).In slag-discharging device embedded cooling pipe material be 20# without Seam steel pipe.The microporous corundum brick material on slag-discharging device surface is w (Al2O3) about 90%, w (Fe2O3) about 1%.
The process coal amount of this gasification furnace is 1400t/d.Prevailing operating conditions, gasification flow process and gasification result are as follows:
Raw material: a kind of bituminous coal lump coal, its main character is as follows: granularity 6～50mm, and softening temperature ST is 1120 DEG C, Crushing strength is 87.3%, and heat stability TS+6 is 66.1%, TS6-3 is 32.3%, TS3-1 is 1.6%.
(1) prevailing operating conditions:
Vapor pressure: 4.0MPa
Amount of oxygen: 14000Nm3/h
Oxygen temperature: room temperature
Quantity of steam: 10000kg/h
Vapor (steam) temperature: 400～450 DEG C
Amount of carbon dioxide: 3700Nm3/h
Coal amount: 55～60t/h
(2) gasification flow process:
Block bituminous coal fills it up with raw material cabin in advance, enters in gasification furnace by raw material lock hopper, gasifying agent oxygen, water vapour and Carbon dioxide reacts with bituminous coal in entering burner hearth by six opposed nozzles.In whole gasification, amount of oxygen is 14000Nm3/ h, quantity of steam is 10000kg/h, and amount of carbon dioxide is 3700Nm3/ h, entering stove bituminous coal amount is 60t/h, Generate product tolerance 92000Nm3/ h, releases heat, produces molten slag simultaneously.Product gas goes out upwardly through raw gas Mouth leaves vaporizer, and molten slag is pooled in slag-discharging device, and after waiting slag-discharging device full, molten slag is from slag-discharging device upper end Slag-drip opening overflows and exits into shock chamber, after high-temperature liquid state slag is cooled down rapidly by chilled water, then is discharged gasification by slag lock Furnace system.During this, the huge heat that gasifying agent is released after reacting with carbonaceous material makes molten slag in slag bath It is constantly in flow regime, prevents molten slag in the condensation of slag-discharging device top slag-drip opening, it is ensured that deslagging mistake simultaneously Being smoothed out of journey.
(3) major gasification result of the test:
Table 6 gasification gas composition (butt): mol%
H2 CO CO2 CH4 N2+Ar H2S+COS CnHm
27.85 58.32 6.61 6.01 1.02 0.13 0.06
Ash content carbon: 2.2%
Ton coal raw gas yield: 1533Nm3/t
Cold gas efficiency: 90.3%
CO+H2+CH4 content: 92.18%
The various embodiments described above are only used for having carried out the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect the most specifically Bright, be not limited to the present invention, all within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any amendment, the equivalent made are replaced Change, improvement etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a liquid continuous discharging slag fixed-bed gasification furnace, it is characterised in that: it includes a raw material the most successively Storehouse, a raw material lock hopper, a body of heater, some gasifying agent nozzles, a slag-discharging device, a slag shock chamber and slag lock；Institute Stating raw material cabin is funnel-form, and its lower end is fastenedly connected with described raw material lock hopper upper end；Described raw material lock hopper and described body of heater Upper port is fastenedly connected；Described upper of furnace body is provided with a raw gas outlet, is being positioned at below the outlet of described raw gas One layer of furnace lining it is provided with on described inboard wall of furnace body；Under several described gasifying agent nozzles are fastenedly connected in described body of heater Portion is also evenly arranged along described body of heater circumference, and the outlet of each described gasifying agent nozzle runs through described body of heater furnace wall and described Described furnace interior is stretched into after furnace lining；Described slag-discharging device is installed in the described body of heater below described furnace lining, described body of heater Lower end is fastenedly connected with upper end, described slag shock chamber, and described slag shock chamber locks end with described slag in lower end and is fastenedly connected；
Described furnace lining is divided into upper and lower two parts, and upper area is two-layer structure, and outer layer is chuck, and internal layer is fire brick layer, And described chuck uses inside and outside double-layer structure, recirculated cooling water is walked in centre；Lower area is four-layer structure, outer layer be with The described chuck of upper area one, is inwardly followed successively by the ramming bed of material, water-cooling wall and refractory masses；Described water-cooling wall Using sectional type package assembly, described refractory masses is fixed on described water-cooling wall by some anchoring pieces；
Described gasifying agent nozzle includes central canal, water inlet coil pipe, water outlet coil pipe, cooling jacket and gasifying agent shower nozzle；Its In, described central canal is made up of extra heavy pipe, reducer union and tubule, a side end of described extra heavy pipe have be wholely set and Being perpendicular to the gasifying agent import of extra heavy pipe, the other end of described extra heavy pipe is connected with described tubule by described reducer union, institute The inner tube of the other end and described gasifying agent shower nozzle of stating tubule is connected；Described cooling jacket is set in the thin of described central canal Outside pipe, its one end is connected with the outer tube of described gasifying agent shower nozzle, and the other end is supported by locating support, and with described Water inlet coil pipe, described tubule and described water tray sealing of tube are integrated, and carry out sealing and fix；Described water inlet coil pipe is installed Outside the extra heavy pipe of described central canal, its one end connects a cooling water inlet by cooling water bend pipe, and the other end passes institute The deep inside of described cooling jacket is stretched into after stating locating support；Described water outlet coil pipe is also arranged on the thick of described central canal Outside pipe, its one end connects a coolant outlet, after the other end runs through described locating support by described cooling water bend pipe Stretch into the shallow place, inside of described cooling jacket；
Described slag-discharging device includes an annular inverted cone mesa-shaped slag bath, and the middle part of described slag bath is hollow cone mesa-shaped deslagging Mouthful, and the overfall of described slag-drip opening upper end in the height direction be slightly below described slag bath outer ledge.
2. a kind of liquid continuous discharging slag fixed-bed gasification furnace as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described anchor Firmware uses metal material to make, and one end of anchoring piece is embedded in described water-cooling wall, and the other end is an elbow and is embedded in institute Stating in refractory masses, described refractory masses is played fixation by elbow by described anchoring piece；Described in adjacent two The spacing of anchoring piece is 50～90mm, and the elbow of described anchoring piece is apart from described refractory masses inner surface 10～30mm；
Described water-cooling wall inner cooling water pipe is serpentine configuration, and described cooling water pipe uses to enter under shock chamber, next-out, and Described cooling water pipe between each described water-cooling wall uses parallel way；Water velocity in described cooling water pipe controls 0.5～3.5m/s；Described cooling water pipe material is fine copper, steel or spheroidal graphite cast-iron；
The thickness of described fire brick layer is 200～250mm, and meet compressive resistance >=60MPa, loading softening starts temperature Spend >=1430 DEG C, apparent porosity≤16%, heating permanent line change (1400 DEG C × 2h)/%:-0.2～+0.1, described Fire brick layer is specially clay brick or high-alumina brick；
Described water-cooling wall material meets electrical conductivity >=85%IACS, tensile strength >=170N/mm2, elongation percentage >=30%, tool Body is fine copper, steel or spheroidal graphite cast-iron；
Described refractory masses is steely fiber fireproof material, and thickness is 70～200mm, and it meets compressive resistance >=55MPa, loading softening start temperature >=1700 DEG C, iron-resistant water-soluble erosion index≤1%, anti-slag action≤10%, Alkali resistance≤10%, apparent porosity≤16%, air permeability≤1.0mDa, average pore size≤1.0 μm, less than 1 μm pore volume Long-pending rate >=70%；Described refractory masses is made up of refractory aggregate, refractory powder, bonding agent and steel fibre, ingredients by weight Number is as follows:
Refractory aggregate 80～95 number, refractory powder 5～20 number, bonding agent 2～10 number, steel fibre 2～30 Number；Wherein, the combination of one or more during refractory aggregate is corundum, bauxites aggregate or carborundum；Refractory powder The combination of one or more in the fine powder material processed for refractory aggregate or alumina powder；Bonding agent be aluminate cement, The combination of one or more in Low-lime aluminate cement, calcium and magnesium aluminate cement, aluminium dihydrogen phosphate or aluminum sulfate；Steel Fiber is 310,446,430 or the combination of one or more in NAs430A；Steel fibre uses a length of 5～30mm, A diameter of 0.2～1mm；
The material that the described ramming bed of material is used is the refractory material with heat-insulating property, meet heat conductivity (350 ± 25) DEG C/[w/ (m k)]≤0.80, specially clayey, High-Alumina, calcium silicates or siliceous.
3. a kind of liquid continuous discharging slag fixed-bed gasification furnace as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described gas Described gasifying agent nozzle is positioned by agent nozzle by being arranged on the locating flange of slag gasification furnace body of heater middle and lower part, And gasifying agent nozzle described at least one of which is set along its circumferencial direction, every layer is 2-10 described gasifying agent nozzle, and often The described gasifying agent nozzle of layer is evenly arranged along its place circumference；The intersection point of described gasifying agent nozzle extended line is to described deslagging The vertical dimension of device upper end slag-drip opening is the 10-100% of described body of heater internal diameter, and the radial direction drift angle of described gasifying agent nozzle is 0 °-45 °, linear velocity v of described gasifying agent nozzle meets claimed below: 0≤v≤250m/s；
Described central canal is near one end of gasifying agent import by Flange joint one ball valve, and the other end of described ball valve passes through Another Flange joint one visor, another flange described is provided with a nitrogen interface, is passed through by described nitrogen interface and blows Sweep nitrogen, described visor can be purged, and prevent the high-temperature gas infringement to described visor, purge post-purge nitrogen Gas is entered in gasification furnace by described central canal and described gasifying agent shower nozzle；
The outer tube of described gasifying agent shower nozzle and described cooling jacket outer tube are additionally provided with a protection set, outside described protection set Enclose and holddown belt is installed, for described protection set being fixed on described cooling jacket, the outboard end of described protection set Having an annular slot, this annular slot is provided with a clamping cap, it is close on described gasifying agent shower nozzle；
The inner tube of described gasifying agent shower nozzle is to have the Taper Pipe of contract half-angle α, and contract half-angle α is 0 °-90 °； The outer tube of described gasifying agent shower nozzle is the Taper Pipe with outer expansion half angle β, and outer expansion half angle β is 0 °-90 °；Described Ratio d:h of the spout bore d and inner tube diameter h of gasifying agent shower nozzle is 1:1.5-1:50；
The gasifying agent injected in described gasifying agent import is air, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapour or its mixed gas；
Gasification agent temperature is 150-500 DEG C, and gasifying agent pressure is 0-7.6MPa；
The cooling water that described cooling water inlet injects is for softening water, and softened water quality meets softened water quality standard: suspend Thing≤5mg/L, total hardness≤0.03mmol/L, pH (25 DEG C) >=7, dissolved oxygen≤0.1mg/L, oil content≤2mg/L.
4. a kind of liquid continuous discharging slag fixed-bed gasification furnace as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described row Overflow diameter D1 of cinder notch upper end meets: 20 < D1 < 400mm, simultaneously overflow diameter D1 and described slag-drip opening lower end Uncovered shape section diameter D2 meet: D2 ＞ D1；
Angle between sidewall and the described body of heater axis of described slag bath is that β, β meet following angle requirement: 0 ° of < β <90°；The depth H of described slag bath meets: 0 < H < 1.5m, and the overfall of described slag-drip opening upper end is less than outside described slag bath Lateral edges h meets: 20≤h≤100mm；
The working surface of described slag bath all pours into a mould one layer of special refractory, described special refractory thickness be 20～ 30mm, special refractory meets compressive resistance >=55MPa, loading softening starts temperature >=1700 DEG C, the water-soluble erosion of iron-resistant Index≤1%, anti-slag action≤10%, alkali resistance≤10%, apparent porosity≤16%, air permeability≤1.0mDa, flat All aperture≤1.0 μm, less than 1 μm pore volume rate >=70%, specially carbon composite brick, SiAlON bonded corundum brick, just One of beautiful brick, high-chrome brick, carborundum and silicon nitride combined silicon carbide；
Described slag bath uses metal casting to form, and is embedded with spiral helicine cooling water pipe inside it；
The material of described slag bath meets electrical conductivity >=85%IACS, tensile strength >=170N/mm2, elongation percentage >=30%, tool Body is fine copper, steel or spheroidal graphite cast-iron；The material of described cooling water pipe is fine copper, steel or spheroidal graphite cast-iron；
The slag-drip opening center of described slag-discharging device is equipped with nozzle, and described nozzle is made up of inside and outside two passages, and outer tunnel walks circulation Cooling water, internal channel enters natural gas.
A kind of liquid continuous discharging slag fixed-bed gasification furnace the most as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, its feature exists In: be provided with in the bottom of described slag-discharging device one annular burner, described annular burner include natural gas adapter, body, Annular upper plugging plate, annular lower plugging plate, air adapter, natural gas circular passage, air circular passage, natural pore and Airport；Wherein, described body is an annular metal member, and it is recessed that the inner side, top of described body has an annular Groove, the opening of this annular groove is closed by described annular upper plugging plate to form described natural gas circular passage, described sky So gas adapter is arranged on the outside of described body and is connected with described natural gas circular passage；The bottom of described body is leaned on Outer side has another annular groove, and the opening of this annular groove is closed by described annular lower plugging plate to form described sky Gas ring shape passage, the adapter of described air be arranged on the described natural gas relative opposite side of adapter and with described air annular Passage is connected；Several described natural pores are circumferentially evenly arranged in described natural gas circular passage near described Side, body center, several described airports are circumferentially evenly arranged in described air circular passage in described body Heart side, and described natural pore is positioned at the oblique upper of described airport；
The cross section of described natural gas circular passage is L-shaped, and the cross section of described air circular passage is square； The central axis of each described natural pore intersects on certain point of described body central axis diagonally downward, each described sky The central axis of pore intersects on another aspect of described body central axis diagonally downward, and each described natural pore Intersection point be positioned at above the intersection point of each described airport, two intersection point distances L are 0 ＜ L≤200mm；Described natural pore And the number of described airport determines according to the size of described body；
Four connectors are had, for described body is fixed on fixed bed at the outside of described body circumferentially uniform welding Bottom slag gasification furnace slag-drip opening；
Be symmetrically arranged with two cleanout plug screws in the outside of described body, described in two, cleanout plug screw is natural with described respectively Gas ring shape passage is connected with described air circular passage.
6. one kind based on the gasification of liquid continuous discharging slag fixed-bed gasification furnace described in any one of the claims 1 to 5 Method, it comprises the following steps:
1) gasified raw material is filled it up with in raw material cabin in advance, by raw material cabin, gasified raw material is sent in raw material lock hopper, In raw material lock hopper after overcharging pressure leak process, gasified raw material is sent in body of heater；
2) being passed through by gasifying agent in gasifying agent nozzle, gasifying agent quickly sprays through gasifying agent nozzle, and enters into body of heater Interior reaction with gasified raw material generating gasification generates raw gas；
3) meanwhile, to the water-cooling wall inner cooling water pipe of furnace lining carry always recirculated cooling water body of heater is cooled down, Heat radiation；
4) raw gas that gasification reaction produces is sent by the raw gas outlet of upper of furnace body；
5) during the melt cinder that gasification reaction produces first converges to the slag bath of slag-discharging device, after slag bath is full of by melt cinder, melt cinder Go out from the overfall continuous overflow of slag-discharging device and enter shock chamber；Meanwhile, natural gas and air are led to respectively Entering in natural gas circular passage and the air circular passage of annular burner, natural gas and air spray into sharp with certain speed In cold house and burn completely so that bottom slag-discharging device can thermally equivalent, with prevent melt cinder after slag-drip opening overflow goes out Slag-discharging device bottom produces condensation；
6) after the melt cinder in entrance slag shock chamber is cooled down rapidly by chilled water more logical by slag lock again after supercooling Overcharge pressure leak process, discharge out of the furnace.
The gasification process of a kind of liquid continuous discharging slag fixed-bed gasification furnace the most as claimed in claim 6, its feature exists In: carrying out step 2) time, the cooling water coil outside central canal carries recirculated cooling water, circulating cooling always After water cooled water water inlet plate pipe is flowed into the sealing annular space of cooling jacket and gasifying agent shower nozzle and tubule composition, then through cold But water water tray pipe flow goes out, and is reduced the temperature of gasifying agent nozzle by this process；
When situation in body of heater observed by needs, it is passed through purging nitrogen by nitrogen interface and ball valve is opened, visor and stove Interior connection, by furnace flame combustion case in visor understanding work.
The gasification process of a kind of liquid continuous discharging slag fixed-bed gasification furnace the most as claimed in claim 6, its feature exists In: the operating pressure of body of heater is 2.0～7.0MPa, and the temperature in body of heater the most slowly raises, upper of furnace body Temperature between 400 DEG C～600 DEG C, the temperature in the middle part of body of heater between 1000 DEG C～1200 DEG C, the temperature of lower portion of furnace body Between 1200 DEG C～2000 DEG C, discharge the product temperature of body of heater between 300 DEG C～500 DEG C.
The gasification process of a kind of liquid continuous discharging slag fixed-bed gasification furnace the most as claimed in claim 6, its feature exists In: gasified raw material is block or slurry, and block is in lump coal, moulded coal, petroleum coke, biomass block and rubbish briquetting One or more；Wherein, the granularity requirements of block be 6～50mm, crushing strength require ＞ 85%, heat stability want Seek TS+6>=65%, ash fusibility requires ST ＜ 1400 DEG C；Slurry is liquefied residue slip, water-coal-slurry, coal, first Alcohol coal slurry, polynary slurry, light oil or heavy oil；Wherein, slurry concentration require >=60%, gasifying agent be air, oxygen, Carbon dioxide, water vapour or its mixed gas.
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