CN104327881A - Liquid continuous slag-removal fixed bed gasification furnace and gasification method thereof - Google Patents

Liquid continuous slag-removal fixed bed gasification furnace and gasification method thereof Download PDF

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CN104327881A
CN104327881A CN201410549364.5A CN201410549364A CN104327881A CN 104327881 A CN104327881 A CN 104327881A CN 201410549364 A CN201410549364 A CN 201410549364A CN 104327881 A CN104327881 A CN 104327881A
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slag
water
furnace
vaporized chemical
heater
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CN104327881B (en
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董卫果
张科达
陈贵锋
晁俊楠
王鹏
徐春霞
文芳
杨宗仁
唐楠
郭良元
李小亮
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China Coal Research Institute CCRI
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China Coal Research Institute CCRI
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/36—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/34—Grates; Mechanical ash-removing devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
    • C10J3/76—Water jackets; Steam boiler-jackets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/152—Nozzles or lances for introducing gas, liquids or suspensions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973—Water
    • C10J2300/0976—Water as steam

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a liquid continuous slag-removal fixed bed gasification furnace and a gasification method thereof, the liquid continuous slag-removal fixed bed gasification furnace is characterized in that: the liquid continuous slag-removal fixed bed gasification furnace from top to bottom in turn comprises a raw material bin, a material lock hopper, a furnace body, a plurality of gasification agent nozzles, a slag-removal device, a molten slag quenching chamber and a slag lock; the raw material bin is funnel-shaped, the lower end of the raw material bin is in fastening connection with the upper end of the raw material lock hopper; the raw material lock hopper is in fastening connection with an upper end port of the furnace body, the upper part of the furnace body is provided with a crude gas outlet, the furnace body inner wall located below the crude gas outlet is provided with a layer of furnace lining; the plurality of gasification agent nozzles are in fastening connection with the lower part of the furnace body and are arranged uniformly along the circumferential direction of the furnace body, the outlet of each gasification agent nozzle passes through the furnace body furnace wall and the furnace lining and extends into the furnace body; the slag-removal device is installed in the furnace body located below the furnace lining, the lower end of the furnace body is in fastening connection with the upper end of the molten slag quenching chamber, and the lower end of the molten slag quenching chamber is in fastening connection with the upper end of the slag lock. The gasification agent nozzles adopt a single channel structure only conveying a gasifying agent, the service life of the gasification agent nozzles is improved, and an overflow type slag pool can effectively ensure the smooth slag removal, and improves the operation efficiency of the fixed bed molten slag gasification furnace.

Description

A kind of liquid continuous discharging slag fixed-bed gasification furnace and gasification process thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of vapourizing furnace and gasification process thereof, particularly about the liquid continuous discharging slag fixed-bed gasification furnace of one and gasification process thereof.
Background technology
Vapourizing furnace is discharged form by lime-ash and is mainly divided into solid slag discharging gasifying furnace and slag tap vapourizing furnace two kinds.Slag tap vapourizing furnace mainly comprises airflow bed gasification furnace and the slack coal slag gasifier (BGL vapourizing furnace) such as Shell Coal Gasification stove, GSP powder coal gasification furnace (siemens's powder coal gasification furnace), space flight stove, water coal slurry pressure gasification.Traditional slag gasification furnace generally comprises the key parts such as vaporized chemical nozzle, furnace lining, molten slag bath, burner.
Vaporized chemical nozzle is one of key part of vapourizing furnace, needs regularly to safeguard nozzle or change in vapourizing furnace use procedure, but the price comparison of nozzle is expensive, often changes the use cost impact of nozzle on vapourizing furnace larger.At present, existing vapourizing furnace vaporized chemical nozzle is divided into two kinds, and a kind of is the nozzle simultaneously carrying carbonaceous fuel and vaporized chemical, and another kind is the nozzle carrying merely vaporized chemical.Carry the nozzle of carbonaceous fuel and vaporized chemical to be used for airflow bed gasification furnace simultaneously, its structure is very complicated, be not easy to processing and safeguard, and due to the conveying of carbonaceous fuel and vaporized chemical be spray into high-temperature gasification stove by same nozzle simultaneously, carbonaceous fuel and vaporized chemical leave the moment that nozzle meets namely burn, the number of chemical reaction such as gasification, release a large amount of heats, cause the shower nozzle of nozzle overheated, have a strong impact on the life-span of nozzle.In addition, because carbonaceous fuel and vaporized chemical are carried by these nozzles simultaneously, carbonaceous fuel will certainly produce certain abrasive action to nozzle, especially serious to the shower nozzle position abrasion of nozzle, causes nozzle life to shorten.
The nozzle of simple conveying vaporized chemical has plasma torch etc., and plasma torch is generally multilayer layout on the Bubbler vaporizer section furnace wall of fluidized-bed gasification furnace, every layer of ring-type arranges many plasma torchs, the spout of each plasma torch points to stove inner axes, in the interval of plasma torch, be also provided with water vapor spray gun, water vapor spray gun is at least one simultaneously.Although plasma torch only delivered water vapour, but due to needs by water vapor with being electrically heated to 4000 DEG C, power consumption is huge, not energy-conservation, and the resolvent of water vapour is directly injected in stove under high temperature like this, easily cause local temperature in stove too high, have disadvantageous effect to the life-span of vapourizing furnace.In addition, because plasma torch is multilayer layout, and every layer of ring-type arranges many plasma torchs, water vapor spray gun is also provided with between the interval of plasma torch, the visible regional area at this equipment and number of nozzle very many, seriously reduce the intensity of this equipment, be unfavorable for the steady running at high temperature under high pressure of this equipment.
Furnace lining in conventional flux vapourizing furnace body of heater mainly adopts the refractory brick of high refractoriness to add ramming mass or mould material structure, and namely internal surface builds refractory brick by laying bricks or stones, adopts ramming mass or mould material between refractory brick and chuck.This furnace lining is not owing to strengthening cooling structure at high-temperature area, and refractory brick, chuck scaling loss are serious, cause the slag corrosion resistance of refractory brick less able, and very easily come off.Along with the appearance of problem in conventional flux gasifier operation process, also have at present and furnace lining is improved, adopt the furnace lining of composite structure, and use for reference operation of blast furnace experience, increase water wall structure in high-temperature zone.The concrete structure of this compound Lining is divided into upper, middle and lower three subregion: upper area is two-layer structure, and skin is chuck, and internal layer is silicon carbide castable; Central region is three-decker, and skin is chuck, and middle layer is the ramming bed of material, and internal layer is fire brick layer; Lower region is four-layer structure, and skin is chuck, is inwardly followed successively by the ramming bed of material, water wall and fire brick layer.Although this compound Lining adds the water wall of strengthening cooling at high-temperature area, and built refractory brick by laying bricks or stones on water wall surface, but due to water wall smooth surface, and be not firmly connected between water wall with refractory brick, refractory brick is once have crackle easily to propagate and cause entirety to come off.
Blast furnace application also has the water wall adopting edge brick structure, and namely water wall has tongue and groove, refractory brick is embedded in the tongue and groove of water wall.But because refractory brick is generally hard brittle material, the significant shear power at tongue and groove place is easy to the fracture of root causing edge brick, thus causes the even entirety that comes off of refractory materials protective layer to collapse, and effect is undesirable.In addition, water-cooled tube many employings bottom in and top out formula of current institute application water wall, after being installed on body of heater, can cause perforation on body of heater too much, to affect sealing and the safety operation of body of heater.
The slag off apparatus of traditional slag gasification furnace lower portion of furnace body is mainly the molten slag bath of back taper, and the internal surface of molten slag bath is convergence configuration towards the lower end of molten slag bath from the upper end of molten slag bath, and the internal surface horizontal slope of molten slag bath is 25 ° ~ 60 °.Meanwhile, slag off apparatus takes interval deslagging mode, namely between body of heater and shock chamber, is equipped with pressure differential detection, and interlocks with the diffusion valve of shock chamber.After the lime-ash of molten state runs up to certain altitude in molten slag bath, just have a definite pressure difference, this pressure difference touches interlocking, and the diffusion valve of shock chamber is opened automatically, pressure now in shock chamber is less than the pressure in body of heater, and slag enters shock chamber automatically.Along with the minimizing gradually of melt cinder amount in molten slag bath, the pressure difference between body of heater and shock chamber diminishes.When pressure reduction is little after certain value, again trigger interlocking, the diffusion valve of shock chamber is closed automatically, and tapping process terminates.Whole tapping process realizes by controlling the upper and lower pressure reduction of slag-drip opening, and this just requires that slag-drip opening is unsuitable excessive, easily occurs slag-drip opening latch up phenomenon thus.
Annular burner, also known as burner, it is the important component of fixed bed slag gasification furnace, the combustionproperty of the annular structure of burner, gas distribution mode, installation site and annular burner fuel gas and combustion system etc., direct impact is caused to the smooth deslagging of fixed bed slag gasification furnace and holder slag operation in capital, and then has influence on the steady running of fixed bed slag gasification furnace.Annular burner in existing fixed bed slag gasification furnace is arranged on the slag-drip opening lower end of slag off apparatus, Sweet natural gas, air and oxygen is connected with in annular burner, maintained the slag temperature in slag bath by the burning of Sweet natural gas, and the high-temperature gas produced after utilizing burning holds the melt cinder in slag bath.But in actual moving process, because annular nozzle structure is unreasonable, open-cellular form is incorrect, and the reason such as installation site is improper, the irrational phenomenon of gas distribution can be produced, and then cause gas and vapor permeation insufficient, uneven, produce and occur the problems such as slag-drip opening blocking because local temperature is too low in combustion, cause vapourizing furnace to be forced to parking maintenance.
Although slag gasification furnace steam decomposition rate is higher, in operational process, still has waste water produce.At present, for the waste water produced in gasification, be made into coal water slurry for airflow bed gasification furnace.Although this measure solves environmental issue, coal water slurry cost in transportation is higher.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of continuous discharging slag fixed-bed gasification furnace and gasification process thereof.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme: a kind of liquid continuous discharging slag fixed bed slag gasification furnace, is characterized in that: it comprises a raw material cabin, a raw material lock hopper, a body of heater, some vaporized chemical nozzles, a slag off apparatus, a slag shock chamber and slag lock from top to bottom successively; Described raw material cabin is funnel-form, and its lower end and described raw material lock hopper upper end are fastenedly connected; Described raw material lock hopper and described body of heater upper port are fastenedly connected; Described upper of furnace body is provided with a raw gas outlet, and the described inboard wall of furnace body being positioned at described raw gas outlet below is provided with one deck furnace lining; Vaporized chemical nozzle described in several is fastenedly connected in the middle and lower part of described body of heater and is evenly arranged along described body of heater circumference, and the outlet of each described vaporized chemical nozzle stretches into described furnace interior after running through described body of heater furnace wall and described furnace lining; Described slag off apparatus is installed in the described body of heater below described furnace lining, and described body of heater lower end and upper end, described slag shock chamber are fastenedly connected, and described lower end, slag shock chamber and described slag are locked end and be fastenedly connected;
Described furnace lining is divided into upper and lower two portions, and upper area is two-layer structure, and skin is chuck, and internal layer is fire brick layer, and described chuck adopts inside and outside double-layer structure, and recirculated cooling water is walked in centre; Lower region is four-layer structure, and skin is the described chuck with upper area one, is inwardly followed successively by the ramming bed of material, water wall and refractory masses; Described water wall adopts sectional type packaging assembly, and described refractory masses is fixed on described water wall by some anchoring pieces;
Described vaporized chemical nozzle comprises pipe core, water inlet coil pipe, water outlet coil pipe, watercooling jacket and vaporized chemical shower nozzle; Wherein, described pipe core is made up of extra heavy pipe, reducer union and tubule, one side end of described extra heavy pipe has and to be wholely set and perpendicular to the vaporized chemical import of extra heavy pipe, the other end of described extra heavy pipe is connected with described tubule by described reducer union, and the other end of described tubule is connected with the interior pipe of described vaporized chemical shower nozzle; The tubule that described watercooling jacket is set in described pipe core is outside, and its one end is connected with the outer tube of described vaporized chemical shower nozzle, and the other end is supported by locating support, and is welded as a whole with described water inlet coil pipe, described thin and described water outlet coil pipe, carries out sealing fixing; The extra heavy pipe that described water inlet coil pipe is arranged on described pipe core is outside, and its one end connects an entrance of cooling water by water coolant bend pipe, and the other end is through the deep inside stretching into described watercooling jacket after described locating support; The extra heavy pipe that described water outlet coil pipe is also arranged on described pipe core is outside, and its one end connects a cooling water outlet by described water coolant bend pipe, and the other end stretches into the shallow place, inside of described watercooling jacket after running through described locating support;
Described slag off apparatus comprises an annular inverted cone mesa-shaped slag bath, and the middle part of described slag bath is hollow cone mesa-shaped slag-drip opening, and the overflow port of described slag-drip opening upper end is in the height direction a little less than described slag bath outer ledge.
Described anchoring piece adopts metallic substance to make, and one end of anchoring piece is embedded in described water wall, and the other end is an elbow and is embedded in described refractory masses, and described anchoring piece plays fixed action by elbow to described refractory masses; Described in adjacent two, the spacing of anchoring piece is 50 ~ 90mm, and the elbow of described anchoring piece is apart from described refractory masses internal surface 10 ~ 30mm;
Described water wall inner cooling water pipe is serpentine configuration, and described water-cooled tube enters under adopting shock chamber, next-out, and the described water-cooled tube between each described water wall adopts parallel way; Flow velocity in described water-cooled tube controls at 0.5 ~ 3.5m/s; Described water-cooled tube material is fine copper, steel or spheroidal graphite cast iron;
The thickness of described fire brick layer is 200 ~ 250mm, and meet compressive strength >=60MPa, loading softening starts temperature >=1430 DEG C, apparent porosity≤16%, heating permanent line change (1400 DEG C × 2h)/%:-0.2 ~+0.1, described fire brick layer is specially clay brick or high alumina brick;
Described water wall material meets specific conductivity>=85%IACS, tensile strength>=170N/mm 2, unit elongation>=30%, be specially fine copper, steel or spheroidal graphite cast iron;
Described refractory masses is steely fiber fireproof material, thickness is 70 ~ 200mm, and its meet compressive strength >=55MPa, loading softening starts temperature >=1700 DEG C, iron-resistant water-soluble erosion index≤1%, anti-slag action≤10%, alkali-resistivity≤10%, apparent porosity≤16%, Gas permeability≤1.0mDa, mean pore size≤1.0 μm, be less than 1 μm of pore volume rate >=70%; Described refractory masses is made up of refractory aggregate, refractory powder, bonding agent and steel fiber, and ingredients by weight number is as follows:
Refractory aggregate 80 ~ 95 number, refractory powder 5 ~ 20 number, bonding agent 2 ~ 10 number, steel fiber 2 ~ 30 number; Wherein, refractory aggregate is the combination of one or more in corundum, bauxites aggregate or silicon carbide; Refractory powder be refractory aggregate processing fine powder material or alumina powder in the combination of one or more; Bonding agent is the combination of one or more in aluminate cement, Low-lime aluminate cement, calcium Mg aluminate cement, aluminium dihydrogen phosphate or Tai-Ace S 150; Heat-resistant steel fiber be 310,446,430 or NAs430A in the combination of one or more; Steel fiber adopts length to be 5 ~ 30mm, and diameter is 0.2 ~ 1mm; Described refractory masses is specially corundum, Gao Ge, silicon carbide or silicon nitride combined silicon carbide;
The material that the described ramming bed of material adopts is the refractory materials with heat-insulating property, meets thermal conductivity (350 ± 25) DEG C/[w/ (mk)]≤0.80, is specially clayey, High-Alumina, diatomite, Calucium Silicate powder or siliceous.
Described vaporized chemical nozzle is positioned described vaporized chemical nozzle by the locating flange being arranged on slag gasification furnace body of heater middle and lower part, and at least vaporized chemical nozzle described in one deck is set along its circumferential direction, every layer is 2-10 described vaporized chemical nozzle, and every layer of described vaporized chemical nozzle is evenly arranged along its place circumference; The intersection point of described vaporized chemical nozzle extended line to the vertical range of described slag off apparatus upper end slag-drip opening is the 10-100% of described body of heater internal diameter, the radial drift angle of described vaporized chemical nozzle is 0 °-45 °, and the linear velocity v of described vaporized chemical nozzle meets following requirement: 0≤v≤250m/s;
Described pipe core passes through Flange joint one ball valve near one end of vaporized chemical import, the other end of described ball valve is by another Flange joint one visor, another flange described is provided with a nitrogen interface, purging nitrogen is passed into by described nitrogen interface, can purge described visor, and prevent high-temperature gas to the infringement of described visor, purge post-purge nitrogen and enter in vapourizing furnace by described pipe core and described vaporized chemical shower nozzle;
Outer tube and the described watercooling jacket outer tube of described vaporized chemical shower nozzle are also provided with a protective sleeve, the periphery of described protective sleeve is provided with holddown belt, for described protective sleeve is fixed on described watercooling jacket, the outboard end of described protective sleeve has an annular slot, this annular slot is provided with a clamping cap, it is close on described vaporized chemical shower nozzle;
The interior pipe of described vaporized chemical shower nozzle is for having the Taper Pipe of interior contraction half-angle α, and interior contraction half-angle α is 0 °-90 °; The outer tube of described vaporized chemical shower nozzle is the Taper Pipe with outer expansion half-angle β, and outer expansion half-angle β is 0 °-90 °; The spout bore d of described vaporized chemical shower nozzle and the ratio d:h of inner tube diameter h is 1:1.5-1:50;
The vaporized chemical injected in described vaporized chemical import is air, oxygen, carbonic acid gas, water vapor or its mixed gas;
Gasification agent temperature is 150-500 DEG C, and gasifying agent pressure is 0-7.6MPa;
The water coolant that described entrance of cooling water injects is softening water, and softened water quality meets softened water quality standard: suspended substance≤5mg/L, total hardness≤0.03mmol/L, pH (25 DEG C) >=7, dissolved oxygen≤0.1mg/L, oleaginousness≤2mg/L.
The overflow diameter D1 of described slag-drip opening upper end meets: 20<D1<400mm, and the uncovered shape section diameter D2 of overflow diameter D1 and described slag-drip opening lower end meets simultaneously: D2 > D1;
Angle between the sidewall of described slag bath and described body of heater axis is that β, β meet following angle requirement: 0 ° of < β <90 °; The depth H of described slag bath meets: 0<H<1.5m, and the overflow port of described slag-drip opening upper end meets lower than described slag bath outer ledge h: 20≤h≤100mm;
The working-surface of described slag bath all pours into a mould one deck special refractory, described special refractory thickness is 20 ~ 30mm, special refractory 5-3 meets compressive strength >=55MPa, loading softening starts temperature >=1700 DEG C, water-soluble erosion index≤1% of iron-resistant, anti-slag action≤10%, alkali-resistivity≤10%, apparent porosity≤16%, Gas permeability≤1.0mDa, mean pore size≤1.0 μm, be less than 1 μm of pore volume rate >=70%, be specially microporous corundum brick, carbon composite brick, SiAlON bonded corundum brick, corundum brick, high-chrome brick, silicon carbide or silicon nitride combined silicon carbide,
Described slag bath adopts metal casting to form, and its inside is embedded with spiral helicine water-cooled tube;
The material of described slag bath meets specific conductivity>=85%IACS, tensile strength>=170N/mm 2, unit elongation>=30%, be specially fine copper, steel or spheroidal graphite cast iron etc.; The material of described water-cooled tube is fine copper, steel or spheroidal graphite cast iron;
The slag-drip opening center of described slag off apparatus is equipped with nozzle, and described nozzle is made up of inside and outside two passages, and exterior passage way walks recirculated cooling water, and interior passageway enters Sweet natural gas.
Be provided with an annular burner in the bottom of described slag off apparatus, described annular burner comprises Sweet natural gas adapter, body, annular upper plugging plate, annular lower plugging plate, air adapter, Sweet natural gas circular channel, air circular channel, natural pore and airport; Wherein, described body is an annular metal member, the inner side, top of described body has an annular recesses, the opening of this annular recesses is closed by described annular upper plugging plate to form described Sweet natural gas circular channel, and described Sweet natural gas adapter is arranged on the outside of described body and is connected with described Sweet natural gas circular channel; The outer side, bottom of described body has another annular recesses, the opening of this annular recesses is closed by described annular lower plugging plate to form described air circular channel, and described air adapter is arranged on takes over relative opposite side with described Sweet natural gas and is connected with described air circular channel; Natural pore described in several is circumferentially evenly arranged in described Sweet natural gas circular channel near described body central side, airport described in several is circumferentially evenly arranged in described air circular channel near described body central side, and described natural pore is positioned at the oblique upper of described airport;
The cross section of described Sweet natural gas circular channel is L-type, and the cross section of described air circular channel is square;
The central axis of each described natural pore is tilted to downcrossings on certain point of described body central axis, the central axis of each described airport is tilted to downcrossings on another aspect of described body central axis, and the intersection point of each described natural pore is positioned at above the intersection point of each described airport, two intersection point distance L are 0 < L≤200mm; The number of described natural pore and described airport is determined according to the size of described body;
In the outside of described body, circumferentially uniform welding has four web members, for being fixed on by described body bottom fixed bed slag gasification furnace slag-drip opening;
Be symmetrically arranged with two cleanout opening plug screws in the outside of described body, cleanout opening plug screw described in two is connected with described air circular channel with described Sweet natural gas circular channel respectively.
The gasification process of described liquid continuous discharging slag fixed-bed gasification furnace, it comprises the following steps:
1) gasified raw material is filled it up with in raw material cabin in advance, by raw material cabin, gasified raw material is sent in raw material lock hopper, in raw material lock hopper after overcharging pressure leak process, gasified raw material is sent in body of heater;
2) passed into by vaporized chemical in vaporized chemical nozzle, vaporized chemical sprays fast through vaporized chemical nozzle, and enters in body of heater to react with gasified raw material generating gasification and generate raw gas;
3) meanwhile, to furnace lining water wall inner cooling water pipe always delivery cycle water coolant body of heater is cooled, dispels the heat;
4) raw gas that gasification reaction produces is sent by the raw gas outlet of upper of furnace body;
5) melt cinder that gasification reaction produces first converges in the slag bath of slag off apparatus, and after slag bath is full of by melt cinder, melt cinder goes out from the overflow port continuous overflow of slag off apparatus and enters shock chamber; Meanwhile, in the Sweet natural gas circular channel that Sweet natural gas and air are passed into annular burner respectively and air circular channel, Sweet natural gas and air spray into also perfect combustion in shock chamber with certain speed, making bottom slag off apparatus can thermally equivalent, in slag off apparatus bottom produces condensation after overflowing to prevent melt cinder from slag-drip opening;
6) after the melt cinder entered in slag shock chamber is cooled rapidly by chilled water, then being locked by filling pressure leak process by slag again after overcooling, discharging out of the furnace.
Carry out step 2) time, to the delivery cycle water coolant always of the cooling water coil outside pipe core, recirculated cooling water is after water coolant water inlet coil pipe flow into the sealing annular space that watercooling jacket and vaporized chemical shower nozzle and tubule form, flow out through water coolant water outlet coil pipe again, reduced the temperature of vaporized chemical nozzle by this process;
When situation in body of heater observed by needs, passed into by nitrogen interface and purge nitrogen and opened by ball valve, visor is communicated with, by furnace flame combustion case in visor understanding work with in stove.
The operating pressure of body of heater is 2.0 ~ 7.0MPa, temperature in body of heater slowly raises from top to bottom, the temperature of upper of furnace body is between 400 DEG C ~ 600 DEG C, temperature in the middle part of body of heater is between 1000 DEG C ~ 1200 DEG C, the temperature of lower portion of furnace body, between 1200 DEG C ~ 2000 DEG C, discharges the reaction product temperature of body of heater between 300 DEG C ~ 500 DEG C.
Gasified raw material is block material or slurry, and block material is one or more in lump coal, moulded coal, refinery coke, biomass block and rubbish briquetting; Wherein, the granularity requirements of block material is 6 ~ 50mm, shatter strength requirement > 85%, thermal stability requirement TS + 6>=65%, ash fusibility requires ST < 1400 DEG C; Slurry is liquefied residue slip, coal water slurry, coal oil mixture, methyl alcohol coal slurry, polynary slurry, light oil or heavy oil; Wherein, slurry concentration requires>=60%, and vaporized chemical is air, oxygen, carbonic acid gas, water vapor or its mixed gas.
The present invention is owing to taking above technical scheme, it has the following advantages: 1, vaporized chemical nozzle of the present invention is owing to have employed the single-pass configuration only carrying vaporized chemical, therefore after the vaporized chemical of vaporized chemical nozzle ejection contacts with the carbonaceous fuel in body of heater, just chemical reaction can be there is, effectively prevent the problem that the amount of heat of releasing in chemical reaction process causes shower nozzle overheated, improve the work-ing life of vaporized chemical nozzle.2, furnace lining of the present invention is owing to have employed cast steely fiber fireproof material layer, cooling heat dissipation is forced by metal anchorage and water wall inner cooling water, therefore, it is possible to extend refractory masses work-ing life, be connected by metal anchorage between refractory masses with water wall, close structure, difficult drop-off.Water wall inner cooling water pipe enters under adopting shock chamber, next-out, avoids perforate on body of heater, ensures the steady running under high pressure of whole gasification installation.3, deslagging pond of the present invention eliminates the necessary complex control system of original deslagging compared to existing slag off apparatus, save facility investment, and solve the not smooth phenomenon of the deslagging caused because cinder notch is less, the smooth deslagging of effective guarantee, thus the operational efficiency and the safety in operation that improve fixed bed slag gasification furnace.4, annular burner of the present invention is owing to adopting inside and outside two-layer annular channel structure, and inside Sweet natural gas passage and air passageways, be respectively arranged with equally distributed natural pore and airport, therefore the high-temperature gas product gas distribution produced after combustion of natural gas is more even, effectively prevent the problem of slag-drip opening blocking.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of vaporized chemical nozzle of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the close-up schematic view of vaporized chemical shower nozzle of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the diagrammatic cross-section that vaporized chemical nozzle is arranged on body of heater;
Fig. 5 is the cross-sectional view of furnace lining of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of water wall of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of water-cooled tube of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the vertical view of water-cooled tube of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the structural representation of slag off apparatus of the present invention;
Figure 10 is the structural representation of nozzle of the present invention;
Figure 11 is the cross-sectional view of annular burner of the present invention;
Figure 12 is the vertical view of annular burner of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in detail.
Fig. 1 shows the fixed bed slag gasification furnace according to continuous discharging slag provided by the invention, and it comprises raw material cabin 1, raw material lock hopper 2, body of heater 3, some vaporized chemical nozzles 4, slag off apparatus 5, slag shock chamber 6 and slag lock 7 from top to bottom successively.Raw material cabin 1 is in funnel-form, and its lower end and raw material lock hopper 2 upper end are fastenedly connected.Raw material lock hopper 2 and body of heater 3 upper port are fastenedly connected.Body of heater 3 top is provided with a raw gas outlet, and body of heater 3 inwall being positioned at raw gas outlet below is provided with one deck furnace lining 8.Several vaporized chemical nozzles 4 are fastenedly connected in the middle and lower part of body of heater 3 and are evenly arranged along body of heater 3 circumference, and body of heater 3 inside is stretched in the outlet of each vaporized chemical nozzle 4 after running through body of heater 3 furnace wall and furnace lining 8.Slag off apparatus 5 is installed in the body of heater 3 below furnace lining 8, and body of heater 3 lower end and upper end, slag shock chamber 6 are fastenedly connected, and lower end, slag shock chamber 6 and slag are locked 7 upper ends and be fastenedly connected.
In the above-described embodiments, as shown in Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, vaporized chemical nozzle 4 provided by the invention comprises pipe core 4-8, water inlet coil pipe 4-9, water outlet coil pipe 4-16, watercooling jacket 4-11 and vaporized chemical shower nozzle 4-13.Wherein, pipe core 4-8 is made up of extra heavy pipe 4-8-1, reducer union 4-8-2 and tubule 4-8-3, one side end of extra heavy pipe 4-8-1 has and to be wholely set and perpendicular to the vaporized chemical import 4-14 of extra heavy pipe 4-8-1, the other end of extra heavy pipe 4-8-1 is connected with tubule 4-8-3 by reducer union 4-8-2, and the other end of tubule 4-8-3 is connected with the interior pipe of vaporized chemical shower nozzle 4-13.The tubule 4-8-3 that watercooling jacket 4-11 is set in pipe core 4-8 is outside, its one end is connected with the outer tube of vaporized chemical shower nozzle 4-13, the other end is supported by locating support 4-10, and be welded as a whole with water inlet coil pipe 4-9, tubule 4-8-3 and water outlet coil pipe 4-16, carry out sealing to fix, to make the annular space forming a sealing between watercooling jacket 4-11 and vaporized chemical shower nozzle 4-13 and tubule 4-8-3.The extra heavy pipe 4-8-1 that water inlet coil pipe 4-9 is arranged on pipe core 4-8 is outside, and its one end connects an entrance of cooling water 4-5 by water coolant bend pipe 4-6, and the other end is through the deep inside stretching into watercooling jacket 4-11 after locating support 4-10.The extra heavy pipe 4-8-1 that water outlet coil pipe 4-16 is also arranged on pipe core 4-8 is outside, and its one end connects a cooling water outlet 4-15 by water coolant bend pipe 4-6, and the other end stretches into the shallow place, inside of watercooling jacket 4-11 after running through locating support 4-10;
Wherein, vaporized chemical nozzle 4 is positioned vaporized chemical nozzle 4 by the locating flange 4-7 being arranged on slag gasification furnace body of heater middle and lower part, and at least one deck vaporized chemical nozzle 4 is set along its circumferential direction, every layer can be made up of 2-10 vaporized chemical nozzle 4, preferred 4-8 vaporized chemical nozzle composition, and every layer of vaporized chemical nozzle 4 is evenly arranged along its place circumference.The intersection point of vaporized chemical nozzle 4 extended line to the vertical range of slag off apparatus 5 upper end slag-drip opening 5-2 is the 10-100% of body of heater 3 internal diameter, be preferably the 20-80% of body of heater 3 internal diameter, the radial drift angle of vaporized chemical nozzle 4 is 0 °-45 °, the linear velocity v of vaporized chemical nozzle 4 meets following requirement: 0≤v≤250m/s, can reach more than 130m/s usually;
Pipe core 4-8 connects a ball valve 4-3 near one end of vaporized chemical import 4-14 by flange 4-4, the other end of ball valve 4-3 connects a visor 4-1 by flange 4-2, flange 4-2 is provided with a nitrogen interface 4-19, purging nitrogen is passed into by nitrogen interface 4-19, can purge visor 4-1, and prevent high-temperature gas to the infringement of visor 4-1, purge post-purge nitrogen and entered in vapourizing furnace by pipe core 4-8 and vaporized chemical shower nozzle 4-13.Passed into by nitrogen interface 4-19 and purge nitrogen and open ball valve 4-3, visor 4-1 is communicated with in stove, observable furnace flame combustion case, closes ball valve 4-3 and can effectively cut off purging nitrogen, play pressure maintaining effect simultaneously;
For preventing in body of heater 3 high temperature and high pressure environment to the infringement of vaporized chemical nozzle 4, a protective sleeve 4-12 is also provided with at the outer tube of vaporized chemical shower nozzle 4-13 and watercooling jacket 4-11 outer tube, the periphery of protective sleeve 4-12 is provided with holddown belt 4-18, for protective sleeve 4-12 is fixed on watercooling jacket 4-11, the outboard end of protective sleeve 4-12 has an annular slot, this annular slot is provided with a clamping cap 4-17, for compressing protective sleeve 4-12, it is made to be close on vaporized chemical shower nozzle 4-13, to prevent in body of heater 3 high temperature and high pressure environment to the infringement of vaporized chemical shower nozzle 4-13;
The interior pipe of vaporized chemical shower nozzle 4-13 is for having the Taper Pipe of interior contraction half-angle α, and interior contraction half-angle α is 0 °-90 °, is preferably 30 °-60 °; The outer tube of vaporized chemical shower nozzle 4-13 is the Taper Pipe with outer expansion half-angle β, and outer expansion half-angle β is 0 °-90 °, is preferably 0 °-60 °; The spout bore d of vaporized chemical shower nozzle 4-13 and the ratio d:h of inner tube diameter h meets 1:1.5-1:50, is preferably 1:2-1:30;
The vaporized chemical injected in vaporized chemical import 4-14 can be air, oxygen-rich air, oxygen, carbonic acid gas, water vapor or its mixed gas;
Gasification agent temperature is 150-500 DEG C, preferred 200-400 DEG C; Gasifying agent pressure is 0-7.6MPa, is preferably 2.6-4.6MPa;
The water coolant that entrance of cooling water 4-5 injects is softening water, and softened water quality meets softened water quality standard: suspended substance≤5mg/L, total hardness≤0.03mmol/L, pH (25 DEG C) >=7, dissolved oxygen≤0.1mg/L, oleaginousness≤2mg/L.
In the above-described embodiments, as shown in Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8, furnace lining 8 provided by the invention is divided into upper and lower two portions, upper area is two-layer structure, skin is chuck 8-1, and internal layer is fire brick layer 8-2, and chuck 8-1 adopts inside and outside double-layer structure, recirculated cooling water is walked in centre, and heat transfer type is natural water circulation heat transfer.Lower region is four-layer structure, and skin is the chuck 8-1 with upper area one, is inwardly followed successively by ramming bed of material 8-3, water wall 8-4 and refractory masses 8-5.Water wall 8-4 adopts sectional type packaging assembly, and refractory masses 8-5 is fixed on water wall 8-4 by some anchoring piece 8-6;
Wherein, anchoring piece 8-6 adopts metallic substance to make, and one end of anchoring piece 8-6 is embedded in water wall 8-4, and the other end is an elbow and is embedded in refractory masses 8-5, and anchoring piece 8-6 plays fixed action by elbow to refractory masses 8-5.The spacing of adjacent two anchoring piece 8-6 is 50 ~ 90mm, the elbow distance refractory masses 8-5 internal surface 10 ~ 30mm of anchoring piece;
Water wall 8-4 inner cooling water pipe 8-7 is serpentine configuration, water-cooled tube 8-7 adopts under shock chamber, next-out (namely the water-in of water-cooled tube 8-7 and water outlet are all connected with extraneous in slag shock chamber 6), and the water-cooled tube 8-7 employing parallel way between each water wall 8-4.Flow velocity in water-cooled tube 8-7 controls at 0.5 ~ 3.5m/s, preferably 1 ~ 3m/s.Water-cooled tube 8-7 material can be fine copper, steel or spheroidal graphite cast iron etc., preferred steel;
The thickness of fire brick layer 8-2 is 200 ~ 250mm, and fire brick layer 8-2 meets compressive strength >=60MPa, loading softening starts temperature >=1430 DEG C, apparent porosity≤16%, heating permanent line change (1400 DEG C × 2h)/%:-0.2 ~+0.1 is (namely under 1400 DEG C of conditions, keep permanent line change in 2 hours), fire brick layer 8-2 specifically can be clay brick or high alumina brick, preferably clay brick;
Water wall 8-4 material meets specific conductivity>=85%IACS (International Annealed Copper Standard, I.A.C.S.), tensile strength>=170N/mm 2, unit elongation>=30%, specifically can be fine copper, steel or spheroidal graphite cast iron etc., preferred fine copper;
Refractory masses 8-5 is steely fiber fireproof material, thickness is 70 ~ 200mm, and its meet compressive strength >=55MPa, loading softening starts temperature >=1700 DEG C, iron-resistant water-soluble erosion index≤1%, anti-slag action≤10%, alkali-resistivity (strength degradation rate)≤10%, apparent porosity≤16%, Gas permeability≤1.0mDa, mean pore size≤1.0 μm, be less than 1 μm of pore volume rate >=70%.Refractory masses 8-5 is made up of refractory aggregate, refractory powder, bonding agent and steel fiber, and ingredients by weight number is as follows:
Refractory aggregate 80 ~ 95 number, refractory powder 5 ~ 20 number, bonding agent 2 ~ 10 number, steel fiber 2 ~ 30 number.Wherein, refractory aggregate is the combination of one or more in corundum, bauxites aggregate or silicon carbide.Refractory powder be refractory aggregate processing fine powder material or alumina powder in the combination of one or more.Bonding agent is the combination of one or more in aluminate cement, Low-lime aluminate cement, calcium Mg aluminate cement, aluminium dihydrogen phosphate or Tai-Ace S 150.Heat-resistant steel fiber be 310,446,430 or NAs430A in the combination of one or more.Steel fiber adopts length to be 5 ~ 30mm, and diameter is 0.2 ~ 1mm.Refractory masses 8-5 specifically can be corundum, Gao Ge, silicon carbide or silicon nitride combined silicon carbide, preferred corundum, silicon carbide or silicon nitride combined silicon carbide;
The material that ramming bed of material 8-3 adopts is the refractory materials with heat-insulating property, meet thermal conductivity (350 ± 25) DEG C/[w/ (mk)]≤0.80 (i.e. (350 ± 25) DEG C [watt/( meter Du)]≤0.80), specifically can be clayey, High-Alumina, diatomite, Calucium Silicate powder or siliceous.
In the above-described embodiments, as shown in Figure 9, the middle part that slag off apparatus 5 provided by the invention comprises annular inverted cone mesa-shaped slag bath 5-1, a slag bath 5-1 is hollow cone mesa-shaped slag-drip opening 5-2, and the overflow port of slag-drip opening 5-2 upper end is in the height direction a little less than slag bath 5-1 outer ledge;
Wherein, the overflow diameter D1 of slag-drip opening 5-2 upper end meets: 20<D1<400mm, and the uncovered shape section diameter D2 of overflow diameter D1 and slag-drip opening 5-2 lower end meets simultaneously: D2 > D1;
Angle between the sidewall of slag bath 5-1 and body of heater 3 axis is that β, β meet following angle requirement: 0 ° of < β <90 °.The depth H of slag bath 5-1 meets: the overflow port of 0<H<1.5m, slag-drip opening 5-2 upper end meets lower than slag bath 5-1 outer ledge h: 20≤h≤100mm;
The working-surface of slag bath 5-1 all pours into a mould one deck special refractory 5-3, special refractory 5-3 thickness is 20 ~ 30mm, special refractory 5-3 meets compressive strength >=55MPa, loading softening starts temperature >=1700 DEG C, water-soluble erosion index≤1% of iron-resistant, anti-slag action≤10%, alkali-resistivity (strength degradation rate)≤10%, apparent porosity≤16%, Gas permeability≤1.0mDa, mean pore size≤1.0 μm, be less than 1 μm of pore volume rate >=70%, specifically can be microporous corundum brick, carbon composite brick, SiAlON bonded corundum brick, corundum brick, high-chrome brick, silicon carbide or silicon nitride combined silicon carbide etc., preferred microporous corundum brick, carbon composite brick, high-chrome brick, silicon carbide or silicon nitride combined silicon carbide,
Slag bath 5-1 adopts metal casting to form, and its inside is embedded with spiral helicine water-cooled tube 5-4;
The material of slag bath 5-1 meets specific conductivity>=85%IACS (International Annealed Copper Standard, I.A.C.S.), tensile strength>=170N/mm 2, unit elongation>=30%, specifically can be fine copper, steel or spheroidal graphite cast iron etc., preferred fine copper.The material of water-cooled tube 5-4 can be fine copper, steel or spheroidal graphite cast iron etc., preferred steel;
In the above-described embodiments, as shown in Figure 10, the slag-drip opening 5-2 center of slag off apparatus 5 is equipped with nozzle 10, and this nozzle 10 is made up of inside and outside two passages, and exterior passage way walks recirculated cooling water, and interior passageway enters Sweet natural gas.The installation of nozzle 10 can prevent unreacted raw material in stove from directly falling in slag shock chamber 6 from slag-drip opening 5-2, and by the burning of Sweet natural gas, can provide heat for high ash melting point gasification finally becomes molten slag.
In the above-described embodiments, as shown in Figure 11, Figure 12, be provided with an annular burner 9 in the bottom of slag off apparatus 5, annular burner comprises Sweet natural gas adapter 9-1, body 9-2, annular upper plugging plate 9-3, annular lower plugging plate 9-4, air adapter 9-5, Sweet natural gas circular channel 9-8, air circular channel 9-9, natural pore 9-10 and airport 9-11.Wherein, body 9-2 is an annular metal member, the inner side, top of body 9-2 has an annular recesses, the opening of this annular recesses is closed by annular upper plugging plate 9-3 to form Sweet natural gas circular channel 9-8, and Sweet natural gas adapter 9-1 is arranged on the outside of body 9-2 and is connected with Sweet natural gas circular channel 9-8.The outer side, bottom of body 9-2 has another annular recesses, the opening of this annular recesses is closed by annular lower plugging plate 9-4 to form air circular channel 9-9, and air adapter 9-5 is arranged on the opposite side relative with Sweet natural gas adapter 9-1 and is connected with air circular channel 9-9.Several natural pore 9-10 are circumferentially evenly arranged in Sweet natural gas circular channel 9-8 near side, body 9-2 center, several airports 9-11 is circumferentially evenly arranged in air circular channel 9-9 near side, body 9-2 center, and natural pore 9-10 is positioned at the oblique upper of airport 9-11;
Wherein, the cross section of Sweet natural gas circular channel 9-8 is L-type, and the cross section of air circular channel 9-9 is square;
The central axis of each natural pore 9-10 is tilted to downcrossings on certain point of body 9-2 central axis, the central axis of each airport 9-11 is tilted to downcrossings on another aspect of body 9-2 central axis, and the intersection point of each natural pore 9-10 is positioned at above the intersection point of each airport 9-11, two intersection point distance L are 0 < L≤200mm, are preferably 3≤L≤100mm;
The number of natural pore 9-10 and airport 9-11 is determined according to the size of body 9-2;
In the outside of body 9-2, circumferentially uniform welding has four web member 9-6 (only as example, being not limited to this), for being fixed on by body 9-2 bottom fixed bed slag gasification furnace slag-drip opening;
Be symmetrically arranged with two cleanout opening plug screw 9-7 in the outside of body 9-2, two cleanout opening plug screw 9-7 are connected with air circular channel 9-9 with Sweet natural gas circular channel 9-8 respectively, for cleaning Sweet natural gas circular channel 9-8 and air circular channel 9-9 respectively.
According to the continuous discharging slag fixed bed slag gasification furnace provided in above-described embodiment, present invention also offers a kind of gasification process of continuous discharging slag fixed bed slag gasification furnace, it comprises the following steps:
1) gasified raw material is filled it up with in advance in raw material cabin 1, by raw material cabin 1, gasified raw material is sent in raw material lock hopper 2, in raw material lock hopper 2 after overcharging pressure leak process, gasified raw material is sent in body of heater 3;
2) passed into by vaporized chemical in vaporized chemical nozzle 4, vaporized chemical sprays fast through vaporized chemical nozzle 4, and enters in body of heater 3 to react with gasified raw material generating gasification and generate raw gas, and combustion zone temperature is up to about 1600 DEG C in the process;
3) meanwhile, due to the vaporized chemical in body of heater 3 and gasified raw material generating gasification react after can release huge heat, therefore to furnace lining 8 water wall 8-4 inner cooling water pipe always delivery cycle water coolant body of heater 3 is cooled, is dispelled the heat;
4) raw gas that gasification reaction produces is sent by the raw gas outlet on body of heater 3 top;
5) melt cinder that gasification reaction produces first converges in the slag bath 5-1 of slag off apparatus 5, and after slag bath 5-1 is full of by melt cinder, melt cinder goes out from the overflow port continuous overflow of slag off apparatus 6 and enters shock chamber 6; Meanwhile, in Sweet natural gas circular channel 9-8 Sweet natural gas and air being passed into respectively annular burner 9 and air circular channel 9-9, Sweet natural gas and air spray into also perfect combustion in shock chamber 6 with certain speed, making bottom slag off apparatus 5 can thermally equivalent, in slag off apparatus 5 bottom produces condensation after overflowing to prevent melt cinder from slag-drip opening 5-2;
6) after the melt cinder entered in slag shock chamber 6 is cooled rapidly by chilled water, then locking 7 by filling pressure leak process by slag again after overcooling, discharging out of the furnace.
Carrying out above-mentioned steps 2) time, the high temperature produced due to the gasification reaction occurred in body of heater 3 can cause certain infringement to vaporized chemical nozzle 4, therefore to the delivery cycle water coolant always of the cooling water coil outside pipe core 4-8, recirculated cooling water flow into after the sealing annular space that watercooling jacket 4-11 and vaporized chemical shower nozzle 4-13 and tubule 4-8-3 forms through water coolant water inlet coil pipe 4-9, flow out through water coolant water outlet coil pipe 4-16 again, reduced the temperature of vaporized chemical nozzle 4 by this process.
When situation in body of heater observed by needs, passed into by nitrogen interface and purge nitrogen and opened by ball valve, visor is communicated with, by furnace flame combustion case in visor understanding work with in stove.
Carrying out above-mentioned steps 3) time, refractory masses 8-5 is dispelled the heat by metal anchorage 8-6 and water wall 8-4, can reduce or avoid the ablation of refractory masses 8-5.And once after refractory masses 8-5 scaling loss, because refractory masses 8-5 is fixed on water wall 8-4 by anchoring piece 8-6, therefore effectively prevent refractory masses 8-5 to occur the phenomenon come off.In addition, owing to having the ramming bed of material 8-3 of heat-insulating property in water wall 8-4 arranged outside, therefore make the cooling temperature of water wall 8-4 lower than the temperature of cooling water of chuck 8-1, decrease the heat that chuck 8-1 brings water wall 8-4, reduce the thermal load of water wall 8-4, be conducive to improving water wall 8-4 to the cooling performance of refractory masses 8-5.
In the above-described embodiments, the operating pressure of body of heater 3 is 2.0 ~ 7.0MPa, temperature in body of heater 3 slowly raises from top to bottom, the temperature on body of heater 3 top is between 400 DEG C ~ 600 DEG C, temperature in the middle part of body of heater 3 is between 1000 DEG C ~ 1200 DEG C, the temperature of body of heater 3 bottom, between 1200 DEG C ~ 2000 DEG C, discharges the reaction product temperature of body of heater 3 between 300 DEG C ~ 500 DEG C.
In the above-described embodiments, gasified raw material can be block material or slurry, and block material can be: lump coal, moulded coal, refinery coke, biomass block, rubbish briquetting.Wherein the granularity requirements of block material is 6 ~ 50mm, shatter strength requirement > 85%, thermal stability requirement TS + 6>=65%, ash fusibility requires ST < 1400 DEG C.Slurry can be: the fluid fuel of liquefied residue slip, coal water slurry, coal oil mixture, methyl alcohol coal slurry, polynary slurry and the aqueous carbon containing such as light oil, heavy oil, and wherein slurry concentration requires >=60%.Vaporized chemical can be air, oxygen-rich air, oxygen, carbonic acid gas, water vapor or its mixed gas.
In the above-described embodiments, the main ingredient content of the raw gas that gasification reaction generates is respectively: carbon monoxide 40% ~ 65%, hydrogen 20% ~ 40%, methane 1% ~ 15%, carbonic acid gas 1% ~ 20%, nitrogen 0.2% ~ 10% and a small amount of hydrogen sulfide and carbonylsulfide etc.This gas can be used as chemical industry synthetic raw gas, combined cycle generation fuel gas, the unstripped gas extracting hydrogen and other various fuel gas.
Below by specific embodiment, in order to technique effect of the present invention to be described.
Embodiment 1:
Testing the vapourizing furnace internal diameter adopted is 2.0m, arranges four nozzles.Vaporizer useful volume is 30m 3, aspect ratio is 6, and nozzle is evenly arranged by one deck circumference, and axial drift angle α is 19 °, and the intersection point of nozzle extended line to the vertical range of slag off apparatus upper end slag-drip opening is the furnace diameter of 0.2 times.Body of heater internal upper part region furnace lining is two-layer structure, and skin is chuck, and internal layer is clay brick.Lower region furnace lining is four-layer structure, and skin is chuck, is inwardly followed successively by the ramming bed of material, water wall, refractory masses.Wherein, water wall adopts piecemeal assembling, and be made up of 8 pieces of water wall altogether, water wall wall thickness is 150mm, is highly 1850mm, adopts refractory mortar to seal between water wall.The water inlet pipe and water outlet pipe of water wall enters under adopting shock chamber, next-out, and water-cooled tube is serpentine configuration, and the water-cooled tube between water wall adopts parallel way to connect, and the flow velocity in water-cooled tube controls as 2m/s.Refractory masses is metal fiber refractory materials, and the steel fiber volume content in refractory materials is 7%, and steel fiber selects Stainless Steel Fibre 430.Refractory materials is fixed on water wall by metal anchorage, and metal anchorage spacing is 70mm, and it is 80mm that metal anchorage stretches into length in stove, and the refractory materials layer thickness of casting is 100mm.In body of heater, furnace lining bottom is overflow type slag off apparatus, this slag off apparatus upper end overflow port is 150mm, lower end is uncovered shape section diameter is 250mm, the slag off apparatus degree of depth is 1000mm, slag off apparatus upper end overflow port is lower than slag off apparatus edge 60mm, and the angle between the sidewall of slag off apparatus female cone mesa-shaped slag-drip opening and body of heater axis is 5 °.Pre-buried water-cooled tube in slag off apparatus, the flow velocity in water-cooled tube controls as 3m/s.Slag off apparatus working-surface builds microporous corundum brick by laying bricks or stones, and thickness is 30mm.Annular oxygen distribution ware is equipped with in slag off apparatus lower end, and annular oxygen distribution ware is made up of oxygen channel and oxygen endless tube, and oxygen endless tube tube wall top offers 16 equally distributed production wells, and in annular oxygen distribution ware, amount of oxygen is out 20Nm 3/ h, can prevent from occurring in slag analysing iron phenomenon.
The main material of clay brick of vapourizing furnace upper area is w (Al 2o 3) about 50%.The water wall material selection fine copper of lower region, chemical composition is: w (C u+ A g) about 99.5%, w (S) about 0.01%, w (P) about 0.03%, w (other impurity summations) about 0.46% (containing P, S).In water wall, pre-buried water-cooled tube material is 20# weldless steel tube.Refractory masses material selection corundum, meets w (Al 2o 3) about 90%, w (Fe 2o 3) about 1%.Overflow type slag off apparatus adopts fine copper casting, and chemical composition is: w (C u+ A g) about 99.5%, w (S) about 0.01%, w (P) about 0.03%, w (other impurity summations) about 0.46% (containing P, S).Slag off apparatus inner cooling water tubing matter is 20# weldless steel tube.The microporous corundum brick material on slag off apparatus surface meets w (Al 2o 3) about 90%, w (Fe 2o 3) about 1%.
The process coal amount of this vapourizing furnace is 272t/d.Prevailing operating conditions, gasification flow process and gasification result are as follows:
Raw material: a kind of bituminous coal lump coal, its main character is as follows: granularity 6 ~ 13mm, and softening temperature ST is 1160 DEG C, and shatter strength is 92.1%, thermostability TS + 6be 65.3%, TS 6-3be 33.9%, TS 3-1be 0.8%.
(1) prevailing operating conditions:
Vapor pressure: 2.0MPa
Steam oxygen ratio: 0.96 ~ 1kg/Nm 3
Amount of oxygen: 4000Nm 3/ h
Oxygen temperature: room temperature
Quantity of steam: 3840kg/h
Vapor temperature: 400 ~ 450 DEG C
Coal amount: 250 ~ 300t/d
(2) gasify flow process:
Block bituminous coal fills it up with raw material cabin in advance, and enter in vapourizing furnace by raw material lock hopper, vaporized chemical oxygen and water vapor are entered in burner hearth by vaporized chemical nozzle and react with bituminous coal, and wherein amount of oxygen is 4000Nm 3/ h, quantity of steam is 3840kg/h, and entering stove bituminous coal amount is 272t/d, generates product tolerance 18985Nm 3/ h, releases heat, produces molten slag simultaneously.Gas product upwards leaves vaporizer by raw gas outlet, molten slag is pooled in slag off apparatus, and after waiting slag off apparatus full, molten slag overflows from the slag-drip opening of slag off apparatus upper end and enters shock chamber, after high-temperature liquid state slag is cooled rapidly by chilled water, then lock discharge gasified boiler system by slag.In this process, the huge heat of releasing after vaporized chemical and carbonaceous material react makes molten slag be in flow state in slag bath always, prevents molten slag in the condensation of slag off apparatus top slag-drip opening simultaneously, ensure that carrying out smoothly of tapping process.
(3) major gasification test-results:
Table 1 gasification gas composition (butt): mol%
H 2 CO CO 2 CH 4 N 2+A r H 2S+COS C nH m
28.65 55.53 5.92 5.40 3.50 0.09 0.91
Ash content carbon: 2.3%
Ton coal raw gas output: 1582Nm 3/ t
Cold gas efficiency: 88.5%
CO+H 2+ CH 4content: 89.58%.
Embodiment 2:
Testing the vapourizing furnace internal diameter adopted is 3.6m, arranges six nozzles.Vaporizer useful volume 180m 3, aspect ratio is 5, and nozzle is evenly arranged by one deck circumference, and axial drift angle α is 19 °, and the intersection point of nozzle extended line to the vertical range of slag off apparatus upper end slag-drip opening is the furnace diameter of 0.1 times.Body of heater internal upper part region furnace lining is two-layer structure, and skin is chuck, and internal layer is clay brick.Lower region furnace lining is four-layer structure, and skin is chuck, is inwardly followed successively by the ramming bed of material, water wall and refractory masses.Wherein, water wall adopts sectional type assembling, and 12 pieces altogether, water wall thickness is 150mm, is highly 1850mm, adopts High-Alumina refractory mortar to seal between water wall.The water inlet pipe and water outlet pipe of water wall enters under adopting shock chamber, next-out, and water-cooled tube is serpentine configuration, and the water-cooled tube between water wall adopts parallel way to connect, and the flow velocity in water-cooled tube controls as 2m/s.Refractory masses is metal fiber refractory materials, thickness 100mm, and corundum selected by this refractory materials, and the steel fiber volume content in refractory materials is 8%, and steel fiber selects Stainless Steel Fibre 430Al.Refractory materials is fixed on water wall by metal anchorage, and between metal anchorage, spacing is 70mm, metal anchorage elbow distance refractory masses surface about 20mm.In body of heater, furnace lining bottom is overflow type slag off apparatus, this slag off apparatus upper end overflow port is 300mm, lower end is uncovered shape section diameter is 500mm, the slag off apparatus degree of depth is 1200mm, slag off apparatus upper end slag-drip opening is lower than slag off apparatus edge 80mm, and the angle between the sidewall of slag off apparatus female cone mesa-shaped slag-drip opening and body of heater axis is 5 °.Slag off apparatus adopts fine copper casting, pre-buried water-cooled tube in slag off apparatus, and the flow velocity in water-cooled tube controls as 3m/s.Slag off apparatus working-surface builds microporous corundum brick by laying bricks or stones, thickness 30mm.Annular oxygen distribution ware is equipped with in slag off apparatus lower end, and annular oxygen distribution ware is made up of oxygen channel and oxygen endless tube, and oxygen endless tube tube wall top offers 20 equally distributed production wells, and in annular oxygen distribution ware, amount of oxygen is out 116Nm 3/ h, can prevent the generation of analysing iron phenomenon in slag.
The main material of clay brick of vapourizing furnace upper area is w (Al 2o 3) about 55%, the water wall material selection fine copper in lower portion of furnace body region, chemical composition meets: w (C u+ A g) about 99.5%, w (S) about 0.01%, w (P) about 0.03%, w (other impurity summations) about 0.46% (containing P, S).Sealing High-Alumina refractory mortar used between water wall is w (Al 2o 3) about 90%.In water wall, pre-buried water-cooled tube material is 20# weldless steel tube.Inside water wall, refractory masses material is w (Al 2o 3) about 90%, w (Fe 2o 3) about 1%.Overflow type slag off apparatus material is: w (C u+ A g) about 99.5%, w (S) about 0.01%, w (P) about 0.03%, w (other impurity summations) about 0.46% (containing P, S).In slag off apparatus, pre-buried water-cooled tube material is 20# weldless steel tube.The microporous corundum brick material on slag off apparatus surface is w (Al 2o 3) about 90%, w (Fe 2o 3) about 1%.
The process coal amount of this vapourizing furnace is 1400t/d.Prevailing operating conditions, gasification flow process and gasification result are as follows:
Raw material: a kind of bituminous coal lump coal, its main character is as follows: granularity 6 ~ 50mm, and softening temperature ST is 1240 DEG C, and shatter strength is 89.5%, thermostability TS + 6be 66.2%, TS 6-3be 32.4%, TS 3-1be 1.4%.
(1) prevailing operating conditions:
Vapor pressure: 4.0MPa
Steam oxygen ratio: 0.96 ~ 1kg/Nm 3
Amount of oxygen: 14000Nm 3/ h
Oxygen temperature: room temperature
Quantity of steam: 13000kg/h
Vapor temperature: 400 ~ 450 DEG C
Coal amount: 55 ~ 60t/h
(2) gasify flow process:
Block bituminous coal fills it up with raw material cabin in advance, and enter in vapourizing furnace by raw material lock hopper, vaporized chemical oxygen and water vapor are entered in burner hearth by vaporized chemical nozzle and react with bituminous coal, and wherein amount of oxygen is 14000Nm 3/ h, quantity of steam is 13000kg/h, and entering stove bituminous coal amount is 60t/h, generates product tolerance 90000Nm 3/ h, releases heat, produces molten slag simultaneously.Gas product upwards leaves vaporizer by raw gas outlet, molten slag is pooled in slag off apparatus, and after waiting slag off apparatus full, molten slag overflows from the slag-drip opening of slag off apparatus upper end and enters shock chamber, after high-temperature liquid state slag is cooled rapidly by chilled water, then lock discharge gasified boiler system by slag.In this process, the huge heat of releasing after vaporized chemical and carbonaceous material react makes molten slag be in flow state in slag bath always, prevents molten slag in the condensation of slag off apparatus top slag-drip opening simultaneously, ensure that carrying out smoothly of tapping process.
(3) major gasification test-results:
Table 2 gasification gas composition (butt): mol%
H 2 CO CO 2 CH 4 N 2+A r H 2S+COS C nH m
28.54 55.23 5.65 8.14 1.34 0.11 0.99
Ash content carbon: 1.9%
Ton coal raw gas output: 1500Nm 3/ t
Cold gas efficiency: 90%
CO+H 2+ CH 4content: 91.91%.
The various embodiments described above are only for further describing object of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect; be not limited to the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all; any amendment of making, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 3:
Testing the vapourizing furnace internal diameter adopted is 5.0m, arranges eight nozzles.Vaporizer useful volume 450m3, aspect ratio is 5, and nozzle is evenly arranged by one deck circumference, and axial drift angle α is 19 °, and the intersection point of nozzle extended line to the vertical range of slag off apparatus upper end slag-drip opening is the furnace diameter of 0.1 times.Body of heater internal upper part region furnace lining is two-layer structure, and skin is chuck, and internal layer is clay brick.Lower region furnace lining is four-layer structure, and skin is chuck, is inwardly followed successively by the ramming bed of material, water wall and refractory masses.Wherein, water wall adopts sectional type assembling, and 18 pieces altogether, water wall thickness is 150mm, is highly 1850mm, adopts High-Alumina refractory mortar to seal between water wall.The water inlet pipe and water outlet pipe of water wall enters under adopting shock chamber, next-out, and water-cooled tube is serpentine configuration, and the water-cooled tube between water wall adopts parallel way to connect, and the flow velocity in water-cooled tube controls as 2m/s.Refractory masses is metal fiber refractory materials, thickness 100mm, and corundum selected by this refractory materials, and the steel fiber volume content in refractory materials is 8%, and steel fiber selects Stainless Steel Fibre 430Al.Refractory materials is fixed on water wall by metal anchorage, and between metal anchorage, spacing is 70mm, metal anchorage elbow distance refractory masses surface about 20mm.In body of heater, furnace lining bottom is overflow type slag off apparatus, this slag off apparatus upper end overflow port is 300mm, lower end is uncovered shape section diameter is 500mm, the slag off apparatus degree of depth is 1200mm, slag off apparatus upper end slag-drip opening is lower than slag off apparatus edge 80mm, and the angle between the sidewall of slag off apparatus female cone mesa-shaped slag-drip opening and body of heater axis is 5 °.Slag off apparatus adopts fine copper casting, pre-buried water-cooled tube in slag off apparatus, and the flow velocity in water-cooled tube controls as 3m/s.Slag off apparatus working-surface builds microporous corundum brick by laying bricks or stones, thickness 30mm.Annular oxygen distribution ware is equipped with in slag off apparatus lower end, annular oxygen distribution ware is made up of oxygen channel and oxygen endless tube, oxygen endless tube tube wall top offers 20 equally distributed production wells, and in annular oxygen distribution ware, amount of oxygen is out 116Nm3/h, can prevent the generation of analysing iron phenomenon in slag.
The main material of clay brick of vapourizing furnace upper area is w (Al 2o 3) about 55%, the water wall material selection fine copper in lower portion of furnace body region, chemical composition meets: w (Cu+Ag) about 99.5%, w (S) about 0.01%, w (P) about 0.03%, w (other impurity summations) about 0.46% (containing P, S).Sealing High-Alumina refractory mortar used between water wall is w (Al 2o 3) about 90%.In water wall, pre-buried water-cooled tube material is 20# weldless steel tube.Inside water wall, refractory masses material is w (Al 2o 3) about 90%, w (Fe 2o 3) about 1%.Overflow type slag off apparatus material is: w (Cu+Ag) about 99.5%, w (S) about 0.01%, w (P) about 0.03%, w (other impurity summations) about 0.46% (containing P, S).In slag off apparatus, pre-buried water-cooled tube material is 20# weldless steel tube.The microporous corundum brick material on slag off apparatus surface is w (Al 2o 3) about 90%, w (Fe 2o 3) about 1%.
The process coal amount of this vapourizing furnace is 2500t/d.Prevailing operating conditions, gasification flow process and gasification result are as follows:
Raw material: a kind of bituminous coal lump coal, its main character is as follows: granularity 6 ~ 50mm, and softening temperature ST is 1160 DEG C, and shatter strength is 88.4%, thermostability TS+6 is 65.1%, TS6-3 is 31.6%, TS3-1 is 3.3%.
(1) prevailing operating conditions:
Vapor pressure: 4.0MPa
Steam oxygen ratio: 0.96 ~ 1kg/Nm3
Amount of oxygen: 24000Nm3/h
Oxygen temperature: room temperature
Quantity of steam: 23000kg/h
Vapor temperature: 400 ~ 450 DEG C
Coal amount: 90 ~ 100t/h
(2) gasify flow process:
Block bituminous coal fills it up with raw material cabin in advance, and enter in vapourizing furnace by raw material lock hopper, vaporized chemical oxygen and water vapor are entered in burner hearth by vaporized chemical nozzle and react with bituminous coal, and wherein amount of oxygen is 24000Nm 3/ h, quantity of steam is 23000kg/h, and entering stove bituminous coal amount is 100t/h, generates product tolerance 150000Nm 3/ h, releases heat, produces molten slag simultaneously.Gas product upwards leaves vaporizer by raw gas outlet, molten slag is pooled in slag off apparatus, and after waiting slag off apparatus full, molten slag overflows from the slag-drip opening of slag off apparatus upper end and enters shock chamber, after high-temperature liquid state slag is cooled rapidly by chilled water, then lock discharge gasified boiler system by slag.In this process, the huge heat of releasing after vaporized chemical and carbonaceous material react makes molten slag be in flow state in slag bath always, prevents molten slag in the condensation of slag off apparatus top slag-drip opening simultaneously, ensure that carrying out smoothly of tapping process.
(3) major gasification test-results:
Table 3 gasification gas composition (butt): mol%
H 2 CO CO 2 CH 4 N 2+A r H 2S+COS C nH m
28.33 55.14 5.36 7.98 1.23 0.21 1.75
Ash content carbon: 2.1%
Ton coal raw gas output: 1500Nm3/t
Cold gas efficiency: 89.6%
CO+H2+CH4 content: 91.45%
Embodiment 4:
This example illustrates: adopt the present invention can realize extensive lump coal and gasify and attach part fine coal and carry out coal water slurry gasification production synthetic gas (CO+H 2+ CH 4), can obtain higher transformation efficiency and gasification efficiency, gasification waste water realizes zero release simultaneously.
Testing the vapourizing furnace internal diameter that adopts is 3.6m, arranges six nozzles, wherein four what be arranged symmetrically with is vaporized chemical nozzle, what two other was arranged symmetrically with is coal-water slurry nozzle, vaporizer useful volume 180m 3, aspect ratio is 5, and nozzle is evenly arranged by one deck circumference, and axial drift angle α is 19 °, and the intersection point of nozzle extended line to the vertical range of slag off apparatus upper end slag-drip opening is the furnace diameter of 0.1 times.Body of heater internal upper part region furnace lining is two-layer structure, and skin is chuck, and internal layer is clay brick.Lower region furnace lining is four-layer structure, and skin is chuck, is inwardly followed successively by the ramming bed of material, water wall and refractory masses.Wherein, water wall adopts sectional type assembling, and 12 pieces altogether, water wall thickness is 150mm, adopts High-Alumina refractory mortar to seal between water wall.The water inlet pipe and water outlet pipe of water wall enters under adopting shock chamber, next-out, and water-cooled tube is serpentine configuration, and the water-cooled tube between water wall adopts parallel way to connect, and the flow velocity in water-cooled tube controls as 2m/s.Refractory masses is metal fiber refractory materials, thickness 100mm, and corundum selected by this refractory materials, and the steel fiber volume content in refractory materials is 8%, and steel fiber selects Stainless Steel Fibre 430Al.Refractory materials is fixed on water wall by metal anchorage, and between metal anchorage, spacing is 70mm, metal anchorage elbow distance refractory masses surface about 20mm.In body of heater, furnace lining bottom is overflow type slag off apparatus, this slag off apparatus upper end slag-drip opening is 300mm, lower end is uncovered shape section diameter is 500mm, the slag off apparatus degree of depth is 1200mm, slag off apparatus upper end slag-drip opening is lower than slag off apparatus edge 80mm, and the angle between the sidewall of slag off apparatus female cone mesa-shaped slag-drip opening and body of heater axis is 5 °.Slag off apparatus adopts fine copper casting, pre-buried water-cooled tube in slag off apparatus, and the flow velocity in water-cooled tube controls as 3m/s.Slag off apparatus working-surface builds microporous corundum brick by laying bricks or stones, thickness 30mm.Slag off apparatus lower end is equipped with annular oxygen distribution ware, annular oxygen distribution ware is made up of oxygen channel and oxygen endless tube, oxygen endless tube tube wall top offers 20 equally distributed production wells, and in annular oxygen distribution ware, amount of oxygen is out 116Nm3/h, can prevent the generation of analysing iron phenomenon in slag.
The main material of clay brick of vapourizing furnace upper area is w (Al 2o 3) about 55%, the water wall material selection fine copper in lower portion of furnace body region, chemical composition meets: w (Cu+Ag) about 99.5%, w (S) about 0.01%, w (P) about 0.03%, w (other impurity summations) about 0.46% (containing P, S).Sealing High-Alumina refractory mortar used between water wall is w (Al 2o 3) about 90%.In water wall, pre-buried water-cooled tube material is 20# weldless steel tube.Inside water wall, refractory masses material is w (Al 2o 3) about 90%, w (Fe 2o 3) about 1%.Overflow type slag off apparatus material is: w (Cu+Ag) about 99.5%, w (S) about 0.01%, w (P) about 0.03%, w (other impurity summations) about 0.46% (containing P, S).In slag off apparatus, pre-buried water-cooled tube material is 20# weldless steel tube.The microporous corundum brick material on slag off apparatus surface is w (Al 2o 3) about 90%, w (Fe 2o 3) about 1%.
The process coal amount of this vapourizing furnace is 1400t/d, and wherein processing lump coal amount is 1300t/d, and process coal amount is 100t/d.Prevailing operating conditions, gasification flow process and gasification result are as follows:
Raw material: a kind of bituminous coal lump coal and the coal water slurry be made up of this bituminous coal fine coal, its main character is as follows: lump coal granularity 6 ~ 50mm, water coal slurry concentration 60%, bituminous coal softening temperature ST is 1210 DEG C, lump coal shatter strength is 95.2%, thermostability TS+6 is 65.4%, TS6-3 is 32.5%, TS3-1 is 2.1%.
(1) prevailing operating conditions:
Vapor pressure: 4.0MPa
Amount of oxygen: 16800Nm 3/ h
Oxygen temperature: room temperature
Quantity of steam: 13000kg/h
Vapor temperature: 400 ~ 450 DEG C
Enter stove lump coal amount: 55 ~ 60t/h
Enter stove coal water slurry amount: 5 ~ 10t/h
(2) gasify flow process:
Block bituminous coal fills it up with raw material cabin in advance, enter in vapourizing furnace by raw material lock hopper, coal water slurry enters in stove by two opposed nozzles, and vaporized chemical oxygen and water vapor are entered in burner hearth by other four opposed vaporized chemical nozzles and react with coal water slurry and block bituminous coal, and wherein amount of oxygen is 16800Nm 3/ h, quantity of steam is 13000kg/h, and entering the block bituminous coal amount of stove is 55t/h, and entering stove coal water slurry amount is 7t/h, generates product tolerance 91000Nm 3/ h, releases heat, produces molten slag simultaneously.Gas product upwards leaves vaporizer, undecomposed water vapour in gas product by raw gas outlet, and the gasification waste water formed after condensation, for the preparation of coal water slurry, sprays in stove from two opposed nozzles, again participates in gasification reaction, thus realize gasification waste water zero release.Molten slag is pooled in slag off apparatus, and after waiting slag off apparatus full, molten slag overflows from the slag-drip opening of slag off apparatus upper end and enters shock chamber, after high-temperature liquid state slag is cooled rapidly by chilled water, then locks discharge gasified boiler system by slag.In this process, the huge heat of releasing after vaporized chemical and carbonaceous material react makes molten slag be in flow state in slag bath always, prevents molten slag in the condensation of slag off apparatus top slag-drip opening simultaneously, ensure that carrying out smoothly of tapping process.
(3) major gasification test-results:
Table 4 gasification gas composition (butt): mol%
H 2 CO CO 2 CH 4 N 2+A r H 2S+COS C nH m
29.67 52.84 8.31 6.93 1.20 0.20 0.85
Ash content carbon: 2.1%
Ton coal raw gas output: 1542Nm 3/ t
Water vapour rate of decomposition: 90%
Cold gas efficiency: 87.56%
CO+H2+CH4 content: 89.44%
Embodiment 5:
This example illustrates: adopt the present invention can realize the gasification of extensive high ash melting point lump coal and produce synthetic gas (CO+H 2+ CH 4), higher transformation efficiency and gasification efficiency can be obtained simultaneously.
Testing the vapourizing furnace internal diameter adopted is 3.6m, and arrange six nozzles and a bottom nozzle, wherein six nozzles be arranged symmetrically with are vaporized chemical nozzle, and another one bottom nozzle is Sweet natural gas nozzle.Vaporizer useful volume 180m 3, aspect ratio is 5, and nozzle is evenly arranged by one deck circumference, and axial drift angle α is 19 °, and the intersection point of nozzle extended line to the vertical range of slag off apparatus upper end slag-drip opening is the furnace diameter of 0.1 times, and bottom nozzle is positioned at slag-drip opening center and perpendicular to slag-drip opening.Body of heater internal upper part region furnace lining is two-layer structure, and skin is chuck, and internal layer is clay brick, and lower region furnace lining is four-layer structure, and skin is chuck, is inwardly followed successively by the ramming bed of material, water wall and refractory masses.Wherein, water wall adopts sectional type assembling, and 12 pieces altogether, water wall thickness is 150mm, adopts High-Alumina refractory mortar to seal between water wall.The water inlet pipe and water outlet pipe of water wall enters under adopting shock chamber, next-out, and water-cooled tube is serpentine configuration, and the water-cooled tube between water wall adopts parallel way to connect, and the flow velocity in water-cooled tube controls as 2m/s.Refractory masses is metal fiber refractory materials, thickness 100mm, and corundum selected by this refractory materials, and the steel fiber volume content in refractory materials is 8%, and steel fiber selects Stainless Steel Fibre 430Al.Refractory materials is fixed on water wall by metal anchorage, and between metal anchorage, spacing is 70mm, metal anchorage elbow distance refractory masses surface about 20mm.In body of heater, furnace lining bottom is overflow type slag off apparatus, this slag off apparatus upper end slag-drip opening is 300mm, lower end is uncovered shape section diameter is 500mm, the slag off apparatus degree of depth is 1200mm, slag off apparatus upper end slag-drip opening is lower than slag off apparatus edge 80mm, and the angle between the sidewall of slag off apparatus female cone mesa-shaped slag-drip opening and body of heater axis is 5 °.Slag off apparatus adopts fine copper casting, pre-buried water-cooled tube in slag off apparatus, and the flow velocity in water-cooled tube controls as 3m/s.Slag off apparatus working-surface builds microporous corundum brick by laying bricks or stones, thickness 30mm.
The main material of clay brick of vapourizing furnace upper area is w (Al 2o 3) about 55%, the water wall material selection fine copper in lower portion of furnace body region, chemical composition meets: w (Cu+Ag) about 99.5%, w (S) about 0.01%, w (P) about 0.03%, w (other impurity summations) about 0.46% (containing P, S).Sealing High-Alumina refractory mortar used between water wall is w (Al 2o 3) about 90%.In water wall, pre-buried water-cooled tube material is 20# weldless steel tube.Inside water wall, refractory masses material is w (Al 2o 3) about 90%, w (Fe 2o 3) about 1%.Overflow type slag off apparatus material is: w (Cu+Ag) about 99.5%, w (S) about 0.01%, w (P) about 0.03%, w (other impurity summations) about 0.46% (containing P, S).In slag off apparatus, embedded cooling pipe material is 20# weldless steel tube.The microporous corundum brick material on slag off apparatus surface is w (Al 2o 3) about 90%, w (Fe 2o 3) about 1%.
The process coal amount of this vapourizing furnace is 1400t/d.Prevailing operating conditions, gasification flow process and gasification result are as follows:
Raw material: a kind of bituminous coal lump coal, its main character is as follows: granularity 6 ~ 50mm, and softening temperature ST is 1350 DEG C, and shatter strength is 95%, thermostability TS+6 is 66.7%, TS6-3 is 32.8%, TS3-1 is 0.5%.
(1) prevailing operating conditions:
Vapor pressure: 4.0MPa
Amount of oxygen: 14800Nm 3/ h
Oxygen temperature: room temperature
Quantity of steam: 13000kg/h
Vapor temperature: 400 ~ 450 DEG C
Amount of natural gas: 400Nm 3/ h
Natural gas temperature: 40 DEG C
Coal amount: 55 ~ 60t/h
(2) gasify flow process:
Block bituminous coal fills it up with raw material cabin in advance, and enter in vapourizing furnace by raw material lock hopper, vaporized chemical oxygen and water vapor are entered in burner hearth by six opposed nozzles and react with bituminous coal.Sweet natural gas enters in stove by bottom nozzle, by combustion heat release for the ash melting of high-melting-point coal provides heat.In whole gasification, amount of oxygen is 14800Nm 3/ h, quantity of steam is 13000kg/h, and amount of natural gas is 400Nm 3/ h, entering stove bituminous coal amount is 60t/h, generates product tolerance 91000Nm 3/ h, releases heat, produces molten slag simultaneously.Gas product upwards leaves vaporizer by raw gas outlet, molten slag is pooled in slag off apparatus, and after waiting slag off apparatus full, molten slag overflows from the slag-drip opening of slag off apparatus upper end and enters shock chamber, after high-temperature liquid state slag is cooled rapidly by chilled water, then lock discharge gasified boiler system by slag.In this process, the huge heat of releasing after vaporized chemical and carbonaceous material react makes molten slag be in flow state in slag bath always, prevents molten slag in the condensation of slag off apparatus top slag-drip opening simultaneously, ensure that carrying out smoothly of tapping process.
(3) major gasification test-results:
Table 5 gasification gas composition (butt): mol%
H 2 CO CO 2 CH 4 N 2+A r H 2S+COS C nH m
27.78 55.21 5.64 8.05 1.32 0.21 1.79
Ash content carbon: 1.5%
Ton coal raw gas output: 1510Nm 3/ t
Cold gas efficiency: 89.4%
CO+H 2+ CH 4content: 91.04%
Embodiment 6:
This example illustrates: adopt the present invention to realize CO 2return stove Substitute For Partial water vapour, thus the steam consumption of corresponding minimizing equivalent molar number, both save steam, achieve CO again 2utilization, and add the CO content in raw gas.
Testing the vapourizing furnace internal diameter adopted is 3.6m, arranges six nozzles.Vaporizer useful volume 180m 3, aspect ratio is 5, and nozzle is evenly arranged by one deck circumference, and axial drift angle α is 19 °, and the intersection point of nozzle extended line to the vertical range of slag off apparatus upper end slag-drip opening is the furnace diameter of 0.1 times.Body of heater internal upper part region furnace lining is two-layer structure, and skin is chuck, and internal layer is clay brick, and lower region furnace lining is four-layer structure, and skin is chuck, is inwardly followed successively by the ramming bed of material, water wall and refractory masses.Wherein, water wall adopts sectional type assembling, and 12 pieces altogether, water wall thickness is 150mm, adopts High-Alumina refractory mortar to seal between water wall.The water inlet pipe and water outlet pipe of water wall enters under adopting shock chamber, next-out, and water-cooled tube is serpentine configuration, and the water-cooled tube between water wall adopts parallel way to connect, and the flow velocity in water-cooled tube controls as 2m/s.Refractory masses is metal fiber refractory materials, thickness 100mm, and corundum selected by this refractory materials, and the steel fiber volume content in refractory materials is 8%, and steel fiber selects Stainless Steel Fibre 430Al.Refractory materials is fixed on water wall by metal anchorage, and between metal anchorage, spacing is 70mm, metal anchorage elbow distance refractory masses surface about 20mm.In body of heater, furnace lining bottom is overflow type slag off apparatus, this slag off apparatus upper end slag-drip opening is 300mm, lower end is uncovered shape section diameter is 500mm, the slag off apparatus degree of depth is 1200mm, slag off apparatus upper end slag-drip opening is lower than slag off apparatus edge 80mm, and the angle between the sidewall of slag off apparatus female cone mesa-shaped slag-drip opening and body of heater axis is 5 °.Slag off apparatus adopts fine copper casting, pre-buried water-cooled tube in slag off apparatus, and the flow velocity in water-cooled tube controls as 3m/s.Slag off apparatus working-surface builds microporous corundum brick by laying bricks or stones, thickness 30mm.Annular oxygen distribution ware is equipped with in slag off apparatus lower end, annular oxygen distribution ware is made up of oxygen channel and oxygen endless tube, oxygen endless tube tube wall top offers 20 equally distributed production wells, and in annular oxygen distribution ware, amount of oxygen is out 116Nm3/h, can prevent the generation of analysing iron phenomenon in slag.
The main material of clay brick of vapourizing furnace upper area is w (Al 2o 3) about 55%, the water wall material selection fine copper in lower portion of furnace body region, chemical composition meets: w (Cu+Ag) about 99.5%, w (S) about 0.01%, w (P) about 0.03%, w (other impurity summations) about 0.46% (containing P, S).Sealing High-Alumina refractory mortar used between water wall is w (Al 2o 3) about 90%.In water wall, pre-buried water-cooled tube material is 20# weldless steel tube.Inside water wall, refractory masses material is w (Al 2o 3) about 90%, w (Fe 2o 3) about 1%.Overflow type slag off apparatus material is: w (Cu+Ag) about 99.5%, w (S) about 0.01%, w (P) about 0.03%, w (other impurity summations) about 0.46% (containing P, S).In slag off apparatus, embedded cooling pipe material is 20# weldless steel tube.The microporous corundum brick material on slag off apparatus surface is w (Al 2o 3) about 90%, w (Fe 2o 3) about 1%.
The process coal amount of this vapourizing furnace is 1400t/d.Prevailing operating conditions, gasification flow process and gasification result are as follows:
Raw material: a kind of bituminous coal lump coal, its main character is as follows: granularity 6 ~ 50mm, and softening temperature ST is 1120 DEG C, and shatter strength is 87.3%, thermostability TS+6 is 66.1%, TS6-3 is 32.3%, TS3-1 is 1.6%.
(1) prevailing operating conditions:
Vapor pressure: 4.0MPa
Amount of oxygen: 14000Nm 3/ h
Oxygen temperature: room temperature
Quantity of steam: 10000kg/h
Vapor temperature: 400 ~ 450 DEG C
Amount of carbon dioxide: 3700Nm 3/ h
Coal amount: 55 ~ 60t/h
(2) gasify flow process:
Block bituminous coal fills it up with raw material cabin in advance, and enter in vapourizing furnace by raw material lock hopper, vaporized chemical oxygen, water vapor and carbonic acid gas are entered in burner hearth by six opposed nozzles and react with bituminous coal.In whole gasification, amount of oxygen is 14000Nm 3/ h, quantity of steam is 10000kg/h, and amount of carbon dioxide is 3700Nm 3/ h, entering stove bituminous coal amount is 60t/h, generates product tolerance 92000Nm 3/ h, releases heat, produces molten slag simultaneously.Gas product upwards leaves vaporizer by raw gas outlet, molten slag is pooled in slag off apparatus, and after waiting slag off apparatus full, molten slag overflows from the slag-drip opening of slag off apparatus upper end and enters shock chamber, after high-temperature liquid state slag is cooled rapidly by chilled water, then lock discharge gasified boiler system by slag.In this process, the huge heat of releasing after vaporized chemical and carbonaceous material react makes molten slag be in flow state in slag bath always, prevents molten slag in the condensation of slag off apparatus top slag-drip opening simultaneously, ensure that carrying out smoothly of tapping process.
(3) major gasification test-results:
Table 6 gasification gas composition (butt): mol%
H 2 CO CO 2 CH 4 N 2+A r H 2S+COS C nH m
27.85 58.32 6.61 6.01 1.02 0.13 0.06
Ash content carbon: 2.2%
Ton coal raw gas output: 1533Nm 3/ t
Cold gas efficiency: 90.3%
CO+H2+CH4 content: 92.18%
The various embodiments described above are only for further describing object of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect; be not limited to the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all; any amendment of making, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a liquid continuous discharging slag fixed-bed gasification furnace, is characterized in that: it comprises a raw material cabin, a raw material lock hopper, a body of heater, some vaporized chemical nozzles, a slag off apparatus, a slag shock chamber and slag lock from top to bottom successively; Described raw material cabin is funnel-form, and its lower end and described raw material lock hopper upper end are fastenedly connected; Described raw material lock hopper and described body of heater upper port are fastenedly connected; Described upper of furnace body is provided with a raw gas outlet, and the described inboard wall of furnace body being positioned at described raw gas outlet below is provided with one deck furnace lining; Vaporized chemical nozzle described in several is fastenedly connected in the middle and lower part of described body of heater and is evenly arranged along described body of heater circumference, and the outlet of each described vaporized chemical nozzle stretches into described furnace interior after running through described body of heater furnace wall and described furnace lining; Described slag off apparatus is installed in the described body of heater below described furnace lining, and described body of heater lower end and upper end, described slag shock chamber are fastenedly connected, and described lower end, slag shock chamber and described slag are locked end and be fastenedly connected;
Described furnace lining is divided into upper and lower two portions, and upper area is two-layer structure, and skin is chuck, and internal layer is fire brick layer, and described chuck adopts inside and outside double-layer structure, and recirculated cooling water is walked in centre; Lower region is four-layer structure, and skin is the described chuck with upper area one, is inwardly followed successively by the ramming bed of material, water wall and refractory masses; Described water wall adopts sectional type packaging assembly, and described refractory masses is fixed on described water wall by some anchoring pieces;
Described vaporized chemical nozzle comprises pipe core, water inlet coil pipe, water outlet coil pipe, watercooling jacket and vaporized chemical shower nozzle; Wherein, described pipe core is made up of extra heavy pipe, reducer union and tubule, one side end of described extra heavy pipe has and to be wholely set and perpendicular to the vaporized chemical import of extra heavy pipe, the other end of described extra heavy pipe is connected with described tubule by described reducer union, and the other end of described tubule is connected with the interior pipe of described vaporized chemical shower nozzle; The tubule that described watercooling jacket is set in described pipe core is outside, and its one end is connected with the outer tube of described vaporized chemical shower nozzle, and the other end is supported by locating support, and is welded as a whole with described water inlet coil pipe, described thin and described water outlet coil pipe, carries out sealing fixing; The extra heavy pipe that described water inlet coil pipe is arranged on described pipe core is outside, and its one end connects an entrance of cooling water by water coolant bend pipe, and the other end is through the deep inside stretching into described watercooling jacket after described locating support; The extra heavy pipe that described water outlet coil pipe is also arranged on described pipe core is outside, and its one end connects a cooling water outlet by described water coolant bend pipe, and the other end stretches into the shallow place, inside of described watercooling jacket after running through described locating support;
Described slag off apparatus comprises an annular inverted cone mesa-shaped slag bath, and the middle part of described slag bath is hollow cone mesa-shaped slag-drip opening, and the overflow port of described slag-drip opening upper end is in the height direction a little less than described slag bath outer ledge.
2. a kind of liquid continuous discharging slag fixed-bed gasification furnace as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described anchoring piece adopts metallic substance to make, one end of anchoring piece is embedded in described water wall, the other end is an elbow and is embedded in described refractory masses, and described anchoring piece plays fixed action by elbow to described refractory masses; Described in adjacent two, the spacing of anchoring piece is 50 ~ 90mm, and the elbow of described anchoring piece is apart from described refractory masses internal surface 10 ~ 30mm;
Described water wall inner cooling water pipe is serpentine configuration, and described water-cooled tube enters under adopting shock chamber, next-out, and the described water-cooled tube between each described water wall adopts parallel way; Flow velocity in described water-cooled tube controls at 0.5 ~ 3.5m/s; Described water-cooled tube material is fine copper, steel or spheroidal graphite cast iron;
The thickness of described fire brick layer is 200 ~ 250mm, and meet compressive strength >=60MPa, loading softening starts temperature >=1430 DEG C, apparent porosity≤16%, heating permanent line change (1400 DEG C × 2h)/%:-0.2 ~+0.1, described fire brick layer is specially clay brick or high alumina brick;
Described water wall material meets specific conductivity>=85%IACS, tensile strength>=170N/mm 2, unit elongation>=30%, be specially fine copper, steel or spheroidal graphite cast iron;
Described refractory masses is steely fiber fireproof material, thickness is 70 ~ 200mm, and its meet compressive strength >=55MPa, loading softening starts temperature >=1700 DEG C, iron-resistant water-soluble erosion index≤1%, anti-slag action≤10%, alkali-resistivity≤10%, apparent porosity≤16%, Gas permeability≤1.0mDa, mean pore size≤1.0 μm, be less than 1 μm of pore volume rate >=70%; Described refractory masses is made up of refractory aggregate, refractory powder, bonding agent and steel fiber, and ingredients by weight number is as follows:
Refractory aggregate 80 ~ 95 number, refractory powder 5 ~ 20 number, bonding agent 2 ~ 10 number, steel fiber 2 ~ 30 number; Wherein, refractory aggregate is the combination of one or more in corundum, bauxites aggregate or silicon carbide; Refractory powder be refractory aggregate processing fine powder material or alumina powder in the combination of one or more; Bonding agent is the combination of one or more in aluminate cement, Low-lime aluminate cement, calcium Mg aluminate cement, aluminium dihydrogen phosphate or Tai-Ace S 150; Heat-resistant steel fiber be 310,446,430 or NAs430A in the combination of one or more; Steel fiber adopts length to be 5 ~ 30mm, and diameter is 0.2 ~ 1mm; Described refractory masses is specially corundum, Gao Ge, silicon carbide or silicon nitride combined silicon carbide;
The material that the described ramming bed of material adopts is the refractory materials with heat-insulating property, meets thermal conductivity (350 ± 25) DEG C/[w/ (mk)]≤0.80, is specially clayey, High-Alumina, diatomite, Calucium Silicate powder or siliceous.
3. a kind of liquid continuous discharging slag fixed-bed gasification furnace as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described vaporized chemical nozzle is positioned described vaporized chemical nozzle by the locating flange being arranged on slag gasification furnace body of heater middle and lower part, and at least vaporized chemical nozzle described in one deck is set along its circumferential direction, every layer is 2-10 described vaporized chemical nozzle, and every layer of described vaporized chemical nozzle is evenly arranged along its place circumference; The intersection point of described vaporized chemical nozzle extended line to the vertical range of described slag off apparatus upper end slag-drip opening is the 10-100% of described body of heater internal diameter, the radial drift angle of described vaporized chemical nozzle is 0 °-45 °, and the linear velocity v of described vaporized chemical nozzle meets following requirement: 0≤v≤250m/s;
Described pipe core passes through Flange joint one ball valve near one end of vaporized chemical import, the other end of described ball valve is by another Flange joint one visor, another flange described is provided with a nitrogen interface, purging nitrogen is passed into by described nitrogen interface, can purge described visor, and prevent high-temperature gas to the infringement of described visor, purge post-purge nitrogen and enter in vapourizing furnace by described pipe core and described vaporized chemical shower nozzle;
Outer tube and the described watercooling jacket outer tube of described vaporized chemical shower nozzle are also provided with a protective sleeve, the periphery of described protective sleeve is provided with holddown belt, for described protective sleeve is fixed on described watercooling jacket, the outboard end of described protective sleeve has an annular slot, this annular slot is provided with a clamping cap, it is close on described vaporized chemical shower nozzle;
The interior pipe of described vaporized chemical shower nozzle is for having the Taper Pipe of interior contraction half-angle α, and interior contraction half-angle α is 0 °-90 °; The outer tube of described vaporized chemical shower nozzle is the Taper Pipe with outer expansion half-angle β, and outer expansion half-angle β is 0 °-90 °; The spout bore d of described vaporized chemical shower nozzle and the ratio d:h of inner tube diameter h is 1:1.5-1:50;
The vaporized chemical injected in described vaporized chemical import is air, oxygen, carbonic acid gas, water vapor or its mixed gas;
Gasification agent temperature is 150-500 DEG C, and gasifying agent pressure is 0-7.6MPa;
The water coolant that described entrance of cooling water injects is softening water, and softened water quality meets softened water quality standard: suspended substance≤5mg/L, total hardness≤0.03mmol/L, pH (25 DEG C) >=7, dissolved oxygen≤0.1mg/L, oleaginousness≤2mg/L.
4. a kind of liquid continuous discharging slag fixed-bed gasification furnace as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the overflow diameter D1 of described slag-drip opening upper end meets: 20<D1<400mm, the uncovered shape section diameter D2 of overflow diameter D1 and described slag-drip opening lower end meets simultaneously: D2 > D1;
Angle between the sidewall of described slag bath and described body of heater axis is that β, β meet following angle requirement: 0 ° of < β <90 °; The depth H of described slag bath meets: 0<H<1.5m, and the overflow port of described slag-drip opening upper end meets lower than described slag bath outer ledge h: 20≤h≤100mm;
The working-surface of described slag bath all pours into a mould one deck special refractory, described special refractory thickness is 20 ~ 30mm, special refractory 5-3 meets compressive strength >=55MPa, loading softening starts temperature >=1700 DEG C, water-soluble erosion index≤1% of iron-resistant, anti-slag action≤10%, alkali-resistivity≤10%, apparent porosity≤16%, Gas permeability≤1.0mDa, mean pore size≤1.0 μm, be less than 1 μm of pore volume rate >=70%, be specially microporous corundum brick, carbon composite brick, SiAlON bonded corundum brick, corundum brick, high-chrome brick, silicon carbide or silicon nitride combined silicon carbide,
Described slag bath adopts metal casting to form, and its inside is embedded with spiral helicine water-cooled tube;
The material of described slag bath meets specific conductivity>=85%IACS, tensile strength>=170N/mm 2, unit elongation>=30%, be specially fine copper, steel or spheroidal graphite cast iron etc.; The material of described water-cooled tube is fine copper, steel or spheroidal graphite cast iron;
The slag-drip opening center of described slag off apparatus is equipped with nozzle, and described nozzle is made up of inside and outside two passages, and exterior passage way walks recirculated cooling water, and interior passageway enters Sweet natural gas.
5. the liquid continuous discharging slag fixed-bed gasification furnace of one as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, it is characterized in that: be provided with an annular burner in the bottom of described slag off apparatus, described annular burner comprises Sweet natural gas adapter, body, annular upper plugging plate, annular lower plugging plate, air adapter, Sweet natural gas circular channel, air circular channel, natural pore and airport; Wherein, described body is an annular metal member, the inner side, top of described body has an annular recesses, the opening of this annular recesses is closed by described annular upper plugging plate to form described Sweet natural gas circular channel, and described Sweet natural gas adapter is arranged on the outside of described body and is connected with described Sweet natural gas circular channel; The outer side, bottom of described body has another annular recesses, the opening of this annular recesses is closed by described annular lower plugging plate to form described air circular channel, and described air adapter is arranged on takes over relative opposite side with described Sweet natural gas and is connected with described air circular channel; Natural pore described in several is circumferentially evenly arranged in described Sweet natural gas circular channel near described body central side, airport described in several is circumferentially evenly arranged in described air circular channel near described body central side, and described natural pore is positioned at the oblique upper of described airport;
The cross section of described Sweet natural gas circular channel is L-type, and the cross section of described air circular channel is square; The central axis of each described natural pore is tilted to downcrossings on certain point of described body central axis, the central axis of each described airport is tilted to downcrossings on another aspect of described body central axis, and the intersection point of each described natural pore is positioned at above the intersection point of each described airport, two intersection point distance L are 0 < L≤200mm; The number of described natural pore and described airport is determined according to the size of described body;
In the outside of described body, circumferentially uniform welding has four web members, for being fixed on by described body bottom fixed bed slag gasification furnace slag-drip opening;
Be symmetrically arranged with two cleanout opening plug screws in the outside of described body, cleanout opening plug screw described in two is connected with described air circular channel with described Sweet natural gas circular channel respectively.
6., based on a gasification process for liquid continuous discharging slag fixed-bed gasification furnace described in any one of the claims 1 to 5, it comprises the following steps:
1) gasified raw material is filled it up with in raw material cabin in advance, by raw material cabin, gasified raw material is sent in raw material lock hopper, in raw material lock hopper after overcharging pressure leak process, gasified raw material is sent in body of heater;
2) passed into by vaporized chemical in vaporized chemical nozzle, vaporized chemical sprays fast through vaporized chemical nozzle, and enters in body of heater to react with gasified raw material generating gasification and generate raw gas;
3) meanwhile, to furnace lining water wall inner cooling water pipe always delivery cycle water coolant body of heater is cooled, dispels the heat;
4) raw gas that gasification reaction produces is sent by the raw gas outlet of upper of furnace body;
5) melt cinder that gasification reaction produces first converges in the slag bath of slag off apparatus, and after slag bath is full of by melt cinder, melt cinder goes out from the overflow port continuous overflow of slag off apparatus and enters shock chamber; Meanwhile, in the Sweet natural gas circular channel that Sweet natural gas and air are passed into annular burner respectively and air circular channel, Sweet natural gas and air spray into also perfect combustion in shock chamber with certain speed, making bottom slag off apparatus can thermally equivalent, in slag off apparatus bottom produces condensation after overflowing to prevent melt cinder from slag-drip opening;
6) after the melt cinder entered in slag shock chamber is cooled rapidly by chilled water, then being locked by filling pressure leak process by slag again after overcooling, discharging out of the furnace.
7. the gasification process of a kind of liquid continuous discharging slag fixed-bed gasification furnace as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: carry out step 2) time, to the delivery cycle water coolant always of the cooling water coil outside pipe core, recirculated cooling water is after water coolant water inlet coil pipe flow into the sealing annular space that watercooling jacket and vaporized chemical shower nozzle and tubule form, flow out through water coolant water outlet coil pipe again, reduced the temperature of vaporized chemical nozzle by this process;
When situation in body of heater observed by needs, passed into by nitrogen interface and purge nitrogen and opened by ball valve, visor is communicated with, by furnace flame combustion case in visor understanding work with in stove.
8. the gasification process of a kind of liquid continuous discharging slag fixed-bed gasification furnace as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: the operating pressure of body of heater is 2.0 ~ 7.0MPa, temperature in body of heater slowly raises from top to bottom, the temperature of upper of furnace body is between 400 DEG C ~ 600 DEG C, temperature in the middle part of body of heater is between 1000 DEG C ~ 1200 DEG C, the temperature of lower portion of furnace body, between 1200 DEG C ~ 2000 DEG C, discharges the reaction product temperature of body of heater between 300 DEG C ~ 500 DEG C.
9. the gasification process of a kind of liquid continuous discharging slag fixed-bed gasification furnace as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that: gasified raw material is block material or slurry, and block material is one or more in lump coal, moulded coal, refinery coke, biomass block and rubbish briquetting; Wherein, the granularity requirements of block material is 6 ~ 50mm, shatter strength requirement > 85%, thermal stability requirement TS + 6>=65%, ash fusibility requires ST < 1400 DEG C; Slurry is liquefied residue slip, coal water slurry, coal oil mixture, methyl alcohol coal slurry, polynary slurry, light oil or heavy oil; Wherein, slurry concentration requires>=60%, and vaporized chemical is air, oxygen, carbonic acid gas, water vapor or its mixed gas.
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