CN113511631B - Device and method for spray chlorination of fly ash - Google Patents
Device and method for spray chlorination of fly ash Download PDFInfo
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- CN113511631B CN113511631B CN202111069106.3A CN202111069106A CN113511631B CN 113511631 B CN113511631 B CN 113511631B CN 202111069106 A CN202111069106 A CN 202111069106A CN 113511631 B CN113511631 B CN 113511631B
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- C01B9/00—General methods of preparing halides
- C01B9/02—Chlorides
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- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/08—Compounds containing halogen
- C01B33/107—Halogenated silanes
- C01B33/1071—Tetrachloride, trichlorosilane or silicochloroform, dichlorosilane, monochlorosilane or mixtures thereof
- C01B33/10715—Tetrachloride, trichlorosilane or silicochloroform, dichlorosilane, monochlorosilane or mixtures thereof prepared by reacting chlorine with silicon or a silicon-containing material
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for spraying and chlorinating fly ash, wherein the device comprises a conveying and feeding unit, a reaction furnace body, a pneumatic conveying unit, a blowing and feeding unit and a slag discharging unit, wherein the reaction furnace body is divided into an upper furnace body, a middle furnace body and a lower furnace body from top to bottom; the conveying and feeding unit is connected with the upper furnace body, an outlet of the blowing and feeding unit is connected to the lower furnace body, and an outlet of the lower furnace body is connected with the slag discharging unit; the upper furnace body is in a circular truncated cone shape, the diameter of the upper furnace body is gradually increased from top to bottom, the middle furnace body and the lower furnace body are both in a cylindrical shape, and the inner diameter of the middle furnace body is smaller than that of the lower furnace body. According to the invention, through the design of each structural unit of the injection chlorination device, especially the design of the division of the reaction furnace body, the raw material feeding structure and the slag discharging structure, a chlorination reaction stable region is formed, the chlorination reaction stability is improved, the reaction rate and the conversion rate of the fly ash are improved, the quality and the purity of a target product are ensured, and a new direction is provided for the resource utilization and high-value utilization of the fly ash.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical metallurgy and solid waste utilization, and relates to a device and a method for spraying and chlorinating fly ash.
Background
As the fly ash is a common industrial waste, the yield is huge, and great risks are brought to the environment, and because the fly ash contains a large amount of valuable elements such as aluminum, silicon, iron and the like, the high-value utilization of the fly ash is an important way for solving the problem of fly ash pollution. The existing fly ash utilization technologies mainly comprise an acid leaching method, an alkali sintering method and the like, but the extraction process is often complicated in steps and easy to cause secondary pollution, the combined process of a pre-desiliconization method and lime-soda sintering can be mainly adopted in industry, but the treatment amount of the fly ash is limited, and more fly ash utilization technologies still need to be developed.
The chloridizing metallurgy is one of important technologies for extracting metal elements from mineral and solid wastes, and is a new utilization way aiming at the chloridizing metallurgy of the fly ash in recent years, chlorine is introduced under the conditions of strong reducing agent and high temperature to chloridize the fly ash to generate metal chloride, and the metal chloride is further separated according to the property difference of the chloridized product to ensure the purity and quality of the chloridized product.
CN 103572323A discloses a method for preparing aluminum-silicon alloy by mixing and chlorinating aluminum-containing mineral and fly ash and electrolyzing at low temperature, which comprises the steps of respectively crushing and mixing the aluminum-containing mineral and the fly ash to obtain a mixed raw material; adding the solid mixed material into the reducing agent, and then carrying out carbon-thermal boiling chlorination on the solid mixed material in a boiling chlorination furnace by using a gaseous chlorinating agent; filtering and purifying the chlorination product, quickly condensing and collecting the chlorination product, and dissolving the mixed chlorination product in ionic liquid to obtain clear and transparent electrolyte; the method comprises the following steps of pretreating the electrolyte, separating out iron chloride in the electrolyte at a cathode to realize chloride separation, simultaneously obtaining a metallic iron byproduct, replacing the cathode after purifying the electrolyte, changing the cell pressure or current density, obtaining aluminum-silicon alloy on the cathode, and separating out chlorine on the surface of an inert anode in the pretreatment and electrolysis processes. The method is characterized in that the aluminum-containing mineral and the fly ash are jointly treated, and the chlorination product is separated and recovered to prepare the silicon-aluminum alloy, the control of the chlorination reaction process and the used equipment are not clear, and the process for independently treating the fly ash is not disclosed.
CN 106830036A discloses chlorination furnace with fly ash preparation aluminium trichloride gas, including graphite pipe, subassembly and heater of admitting air, graphite pipe bottom adopts graphite pad back cover, and the top is equipped with opening and flue gas pipeline, the subassembly of admitting air is located graphite pipe bottom and passes graphite pad and graphite pipe intercommunication, the heater is located graphite pipe periphery. The structure of the chlorination furnace is traditional gas-solid reaction equipment, the feeding mode of raw materials and the structure arrangement of a reaction area are not clearly improved, and the discharge of slag generated by reaction is not clearly determined.
In summary, for the device and the process for spraying and chlorinating the fly ash, the structure of the device needs to be reasonably designed according to the raw materials and the reaction characteristics, so that the device is beneficial to improving the reaction rate and the conversion rate of the raw materials, and meanwhile, the reaction products can be rapidly discharged, and the stability and the continuity of the operation of the device are improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a device and a method for spraying and chlorinating fly ash, which can form a stable region for chlorination reaction by designing each structural unit in a spraying and chlorinating device, particularly the structural division of a reaction furnace body, a raw material feeding structure and a slag discharging structure, improve the stability of the chlorination reaction, improve the reaction rate and the conversion rate of the fly ash, ensure the quality and the purity of products and provide a new direction for the recycling and high-valued comprehensive utilization of the fly ash.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
on one hand, the invention provides a device for spraying and chlorinating fly ash, which comprises a conveying and feeding unit, a reaction furnace body, a pneumatic conveying unit, a blowing and feeding unit and a slag discharging unit, wherein the reaction furnace body is sequentially divided into an upper furnace body, a middle furnace body and a lower furnace body from top to bottom;
the outlet of the conveying and feeding unit is connected with the top of the reaction furnace body, the outlet of the pneumatic conveying unit is connected with the inlet of the blowing and feeding unit, the outlet of the blowing and feeding unit is connected to the lower furnace body, and the lower outlet of the lower furnace body is connected with the slag discharging unit;
the upper furnace body is in a circular truncated cone shape, the diameter of the upper furnace body is gradually increased from top to bottom, the middle furnace body and the lower furnace body are both in a cylindrical shape, the diameter of the middle furnace body is the same as that of the bottom surface of the upper furnace body, the outer diameter of the lower furnace body is the same as that of the middle furnace body, and the inner diameter of the lower furnace body is smaller than that of the middle furnace body.
According to the invention, for the high-temperature carbothermic chlorination of the fly ash, a proper jet chlorination device is selected according to the raw material selection and the reaction process of the fly ash, and the device is optimized from the aspects of the feeding units of different phase materials, the structural division of a reaction furnace body, the structural design of a discharging unit and the like. Aiming at the feeding of the solid carbonaceous reducing agent, corresponding conveying equipment is selected to enable the solid carbonaceous reducing agent to be capable of continuously feeding, and the coal ash and the chlorine are fluidized by adopting a pressurized blowing feeding mode, so that the improvement of the reaction rate and the reaction degree is facilitated; the reaction furnace body is of a three-section structure, the round platforms of the upper furnace body and the middle furnace body and the cylindrical structure can effectively reduce the concentration of fine particle coke and escaping fly ash particles in gas-phase products, and facilitate the collection and the leading-out of gas-phase chlorination products, the difference of the inner diameters of the middle furnace body and the lower furnace body enables the gas-phase chlorination products to form a two-section cylindrical and stepped structure, a stable region for chlorination reaction can be formed, and particularly the stepped structure can play a role in supporting the filling of a carbonaceous reducing agent; the slag discharging unit can discharge the reacted slag in time, so that the accumulation of liquid molten products is avoided, and the device can run continuously and stably; the device has reasonable structural design, makes full use of the characteristics of all raw materials, has lower raw material cost and high product added value, and realizes the efficient utilization of wastes such as the fly ash and the like.
In the device of the invention, the diameter of the lower furnace body is smaller when the middle furnace body and the lower furnace body of the reaction furnace body are seen from the inner space, but refractory bricks are needed to be built outside the furnace body and a shell is needed to be added to ensure the stability of the furnace body and the requirements of reaction, heat transfer and the like, so the outer diameters of the middle furnace body and the lower furnace body are the same when seen as a whole.
The following technical solutions are preferred technical solutions of the present invention, but not limited to the technical solutions provided by the present invention, and technical objects and advantageous effects of the present invention can be better achieved and achieved by the following technical solutions.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the conveying and feeding unit comprises a lifter and a charging device, an outlet of the lifter is connected to an inlet of the charging device, and the charging device is positioned above the upper furnace body.
The elevator and the charging device transport a carbonaceous reducing agent.
In the invention, the conveying and feeding unit is mainly used for feeding the carbonaceous reducing agent, wherein the lifter comprises a bucket elevator, the carbonaceous reducing agent is conveyed to a charging device, the charging device is a charging bucket with a certain volume, is positioned above the upper furnace body and can continuously feed the reaction furnace body.
The carbonaceous reducing agent comprises any one of coke, petroleum coke, biomass coke, semi coke or lump coal or a combination of at least two of the following typical but non-limiting examples: the combination of coke and petroleum coke, the combination of petroleum coke and biomass coke, the combination of coke, petroleum coke and semi coke, the combination of biomass coke, semi coke and lump coal, etc.; the particle size of the carbonaceous reducing agent is 10 to 40mm, for example, 10mm, 15mm, 20mm, 25mm, 30mm, 35mm, or 40mm, but the particle size is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not shown in the above-mentioned range are also applicable.
The carbonaceous reducing agent functions as: on one hand, the coal ash and chlorine gas can be coupled and provided with a reducing agent, and on the other hand, the coal ash and the chlorine gas are combusted with air to provide heat for the chlorination reaction.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, a furnace gas outlet is arranged on the side surface of the upper furnace body, the furnace gas outlet is vertical to the side surface of the upper furnace body, and the side surface of the upper furnace body is an inclined surface.
The number of the furnace gas outlet ports is at least two, such as two, three or four, and the like, and the furnace gas outlet ports are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the side surface of the upper furnace body.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inner diameter of the middle furnace is 2 to 3 times, for example, 2 times, 2.2 times, 2.4 times, 2.5 times, 2.6 times, 2.8 times, or 3 times, the inner diameter of the lower furnace, but the inner diameter is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not listed in the above-mentioned range of values are also applicable.
In the present invention, the height of the middle furnace body is 3 to 4 times, for example, 3 times, 3.2 times, 3.4 times, 3.5 times, 3.6 times, 3.8 times, or 4 times, as high as the height of the lower furnace body, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not listed in the above-mentioned range are also applicable.
In the invention, the material of the reaction furnace body is selected from any one or more of stainless steel, heat-insulating materials or refractory materials, wherein the heat-insulating materials comprise rock wool, silicon carbide and the like, and the refractory materials comprise clay bricks, clay slurry, castable, spray coating and the like, which are all high-temperature resistant materials.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the pneumatic conveying unit comprises an air compressor and a chlorine gas compressor which are arranged in parallel, the blowing feeding unit comprises two spray guns which are an air-fly ash spray gun and a chlorine gas spray gun respectively, the outlet of the air compressor is connected with the air-fly ash spray gun, and the outlet of the chlorine gas compressor is connected with the chlorine gas spray gun.
In the invention, the pneumatic conveying unit and the blowing and feeding unit are a device combination for controlling reaction raw material fly ash and chlorine gas to enter a reaction furnace body, wherein the particle size of the fly ash is 10-180 μm, such as 10 μm, 30 μm, 50 μm, 80 μm, 100 μm, 120 μm, 150 μm or 180 μm, and the like, and the sources of the fly ash comprise chemical and metallurgical industries such as a coal-fired power plant, a heat supply boiler and the like; the chemical components are complex and mainly comprise the following components in percentage by mass: SiO 22 4.5~72.5%，Al2O3 1.0~46.9%，Fe2O3 0.8~68.5%，CaO 1~42%，MgO 0.5~10.2%，K2O 0.0~6.0%，Na20.0-8.9% of O; in addition to this, TiO is also included2 0.0~3.2%，P2O5 0.0~9.4%，SO30.0-24.1%, etc.; the fly ash and air are added into the reaction furnace together, and the fly ash can be fully dispersed during feeding by compressing the air.
Another raw material, chlorine, is usually an industrial byproduct, and the purity of chlorine required for the reaction, i.e., 50 to 70% by volume, for example, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, or 70%, etc., is not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of the recited values are also applicable; if the raw material is lower than the purity range, pure chlorine gas is required to be mixed and prepared before use so as to achieve the required purity.
In the invention, the air compressor and the chlorine compressor are matched with a storage tank, wherein after chlorine and air are respectively compressed, compressed air is used as carrier gas to convey fly ash to a spray gun, and the compressed chlorine is sprayed into a lower furnace body through the spray gun.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the air-fly ash spray gun and the chlorine spray gun are both horizontally arranged, the outlet of the spray gun is connected to the upper area of the side surface of the lower furnace body, and the air-fly ash spray gun is positioned above the chlorine spray gun;
the air-fly ash spray guns and the chlorine spray guns which are vertically arranged in the same vertical plane form a group of spray guns, the spray guns are at least provided with six groups, such as six groups, seven groups, eight groups, nine groups or ten groups, and the like, and are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the side surface of the lower furnace body, and the same type of spray guns are positioned on the same horizontal plane.
In the invention, the air-fly ash spray gun and the chlorine spray gun are separately arranged to ensure that the fly ash and the chlorine are separately conveyed, so that the potential safety hazard of the chlorine can be reduced, the conveying of the fly ash can also select dilute phase conveying or concentrated phase conveying according to the air quantity, the adjustment is convenient, the raw material loss is reduced, and the cost is reduced.
The air-fly ash spray gun and the chlorine spray gun are arranged up and down at the lower furnace body part, the fly ash and the chlorine enter a chlorination reaction area at a certain speed and pressure, a carbonaceous reducing agent in the area is combusted to form a stable high-temperature area, and the fly ash is rapidly heated under the actions of convection, conduction and radiation heat exchange of flame in the high-temperature area and reaches the temperature of chlorination reaction.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the slag discharging unit comprises a horizontal equal-diameter pore canal and a conical pore canal, wherein the inlet end of the horizontal equal-diameter pore canal is positioned in the lower area of the side surface of the lower furnace body, and the outlet end of the horizontal equal-diameter pore canal is connected with the conical pore canal;
the connecting part of the tapered pore passage and the horizontal equal-diameter pore passage is the minimum diameter of the tapered pore passage, the diameter of the tapered pore passage is the same as that of the horizontal equal-diameter pore passage, and the diameter of the tapered pore passage is gradually increased outwards.
In the invention, the slag discharging unit is arranged, so that impurities in the fly ash, carbonaceous reducing agent powder and metal chloride which is in a liquid state at high temperature can be effectively prevented from being accumulated at the lower part of the constant-temperature molten pool section, and a slag blocking machine is usually matched at the outlet of the slag discharging unit, so that slag discharged through a pore passage can be conveniently removed in time, and the requirements of the device on slag discharging and blocking are met.
The material of the pore channel of the slag discharging unit comprises a heat insulating material, a refractory material and the like, and the tail end of the pore channel is a tapered pore channel, so that slag can be discharged quickly, and the pore channel is prevented from being blocked.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for performing fly ash spray chlorination by using the above apparatus, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) adding a carbonaceous reducing agent into a reaction furnace body, blowing air to perform a combustion reaction and heating;
(2) after stable combustion is achieved, spraying a mixture of air and fly ash and chlorine from the side surface of a furnace body at the lower part, and carrying out chlorination reaction on the fly ash and the chlorine under the action of a carbonaceous reducing agent to generate various chlorides;
(3) and (3) one part of the chloride generated in the step (2) moves upwards in a gaseous form and is discharged from an air outlet of the upper furnace body, and the other part of the chloride flows downwards in a liquid form and is discharged from a lower outlet of the lower furnace body.
According to the invention, the reaction furnace body is adopted to carry out chlorination reaction of the fly ash, the reaction furnace body is divided according to the reaction process, and the interior of the reaction furnace body can be sequentially divided into a heat preservation escaping section, a cooling and dedusting section, a high-temperature chlorination section and a constant-temperature molten pool section from top to bottom, wherein the heat preservation escaping section corresponds to an upper furnace body region, the cooling and dedusting section corresponds to a middle upper portion region of a middle furnace body, the high-temperature chlorination section is a region in which chlorination reaction is stably carried out and comprises a lower portion region of the middle furnace body and a middle upper portion region of the lower furnace body, and the constant-temperature molten pool section corresponds to a middle lower portion region of the lower furnace body.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the carbonaceous reducing agent in the step (1) is added from an inlet of the upper furnace body through a conveying and feeding unit, and the carbonaceous reducing agent fills the lower furnace body and part of the middle furnace body of the reaction furnace body.
According to the invention, the adding amount of the carbonaceous reducing agent meets the requirement of filling the lower furnace body and part of the middle furnace body, the filling volume proportion of the middle furnace body area is 10-40%, such as 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% or 40%, and the specific filling height is selected according to the combustion consumption condition of the carbonaceous reducing agent in the chlorination reaction zone and the discharge pressure of furnace gas.
The carbonaceous reducing agent in the step (1) is subjected to a combustion reaction to form a stable combustion zone, and the temperature reaches 900-1400 ℃, such as 900 ℃, 1000 ℃, 1100 ℃, 1200 ℃, 1300 ℃ or 1400 ℃, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the numerical range are also applicable.
In the present invention, the temperature reached by the combustion reaction usually needs to be separated in gas and liquid phases, which is generally not higher than the boiling points of alkali metal chlorides and alkaline earth metal chlorides, but since the temperature of the gas-phase product is gradually reduced in the rising process, the temperature for stable combustion can be slightly higher than the boiling points of the two, such as 1500 ℃, and the products of NaCl, KCl, etc. are liquefied in the rising process and can be dropped and recovered.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the air and the fly ash in the step (2) are sprayed in a fluidized form by an air-fly ash spray gun, and the chlorine gas is sprayed by a chlorine spray gun to form a chlorination reaction zone;
the chlorination reaction zone extends upwards and downwards by taking an air-fly ash spray gun outlet as a central point and comprises a lower part area of a middle furnace body and a middle upper part area of a lower furnace body in the reaction furnace body.
In the invention, the blowing pressure and blowing speed of the air-fly ash spray gun and the chlorine spray gun can be comprehensively determined according to the loading amount of the carbonaceous reducing agent, the combustion consumption condition of the carbonaceous reducing agent in the chlorination reaction zone, the pressure of the gaseous chloride in the heat-preservation escape segment and other factors, and the blowing mode of all spray guns or part of spray guns can also be adopted according to the number of the spray guns.
Specifically, the pressure of chlorine gas may be selected from 0.3 to 0.5MPa, for example, 0.3MPa, 0.35MPa, 0.4MPa, 0.45MPa, or 0.5MPa, and the pressure of air may be selected from 0.4 to 0.75MPa, for example, 0.4MPa, 0.5MPa, 0.55MPa, 0.6MPa, 0.65MPa, 0.7MPa, or 0.75MPa, but the values are not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the numerical range are also applicable.
The average molar ratio of fly ash to chlorine injected by the lance is 3:19 to 6:19, such as 3:19, 3.5:19, 4:19, 4.5:19, 5:19, 5.5:19, or 6:19, but is not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in this range are equally applicable.
According to the invention, the chlorination reaction zone is selected to extend upwards and downwards by taking the center of the outlet of the air-fly ash spray gun as a symmetrical point, and the distance between the position of the air-fly ash spray gun and the upper edge of the lower furnace body is less than half of the height of the chlorination reaction zone according to the zone included by the chlorination reaction zone, so that the chlorination reaction zone can include the lower zone of the middle furnace body.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gaseous chloride of step (3) comprises SiCl4、AlCl3And FeCl3The gas is discharged from a furnace gas outlet of the upper furnace body and then is condensed and separated step by step;
the liquid form of chloride in step (3) comprises CaCl2、MgCl2KCl and NaCl flow downwards along the edge of the carbonaceous reducing agent to the bottom of the lower furnace body and are discharged by a slag discharge unit.
In the present invention, the carbonaceous reducing agent is filled and the streams of fly ash and chlorine gasThe device has the characteristics of a fixed bed and a fluidized bed, is high in adjustability and can improve the operation efficiency and operability of the device; under the coupling action of carbonaceous reducing agent, each oxide in the fly ash and chlorine gas quickly react to generate corresponding chloride, on one hand, SiCl with lower melting point4、AlCl3And FeCl3The gas rises with the furnace gas, passes through the temperature reduction and dust removal section, reduces the temperature to 400-450 ℃, and then enters a step-by-step condensation device through a furnace gas outlet of the heat preservation escape section to realize step separation; on the other hand, CaCl having a high melting point and a high boiling point2、MgCl2KCl and NaCl in a molten liquid state form flow downwards along the surface of the carbonaceous reducing agent at the edge of the high-temperature zone against the drag force of the gas under the action of self gravity and inertia force, pass through the injection outlet of the high-temperature chlorination section to reach the bottom of the constant-temperature molten pool section, are accumulated to form molten slag, and are discharged through a slag discharge unit.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention takes the solid waste fly ash and the industrial byproduct chlorine as raw materials, is easy to obtain and has lower cost, and combines the carbonaceous reducing agent to realize the high-efficiency utilization of the raw materials by a jet chlorination device, thereby providing a new direction for the resource and high-value comprehensive utilization of the fly ash.
(2) According to the invention, through the design of each structural unit in the spray chlorination device, especially the design of the structural division of the reaction furnace body, the raw material feeding structure and the slag discharging structure, a stable region for chlorination reaction can be formed, the principles of radiation, conduction and convection heat transfer are fully utilized, the temperature distribution of the whole reaction region meets the requirement of each oxide in the fly ash for chlorination reaction, the stability of the chlorination reaction is improved, the reaction rate and the conversion rate of the fly ash are improved under a proper working condition, the conversion rate of the fly ash reaches more than 95%, the quality and the purity of a target product are ensured, and SiCl is used as a material for the chlorination reaction4、AlCl3、FeCl3The purity of the product reaches more than 94 percent.
(3) According to the invention, the air-fly ash spray gun and the chlorine spray gun in the injection feeding unit are arranged in structures and positions, so that the independent injection of fly ash and chlorine can be effectively realized, and the stability of flame at the combustion focus of the spray gun outlet and the uniformity of a temperature field of a chlorination reaction zone are improved under the condition of ensuring the temperature gradient of the chlorination reaction zone, thereby improving the stability of chlorination reaction.
(4) The arrangement of the slag discharge unit in the device avoids the accumulation of impurities and carbonaceous reducing agent powder in the fly ash and metal chloride which is in a liquid state at high temperature at the lower part of the constant-temperature molten pool section, thereby improving the purity of high-added-value gaseous chloride and providing powerful guarantee for the continuous and stable operation of the injection chlorination device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fly ash spray chlorination apparatus provided in example 1 of the present invention;
the device comprises a lifting machine 1, a charging device 2, an upper furnace body 3, a middle furnace body 4, a lower furnace body 5, a furnace gas outlet 6, an air compressor 7, a chlorine compressor 8, an air-fly ash spray gun 9, a chlorine spray gun 10, a horizontal equal-diameter pore channel 11 and a conical pore channel 12.
Detailed Description
In order to better illustrate the present invention and facilitate the understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below. However, the following examples are only simple examples of the present invention and do not represent or limit the scope of the present invention, which is defined by the claims.
The invention provides a device and a method for spraying and chlorinating fly ash, wherein the device comprises a conveying and feeding unit, a reaction furnace body, a pneumatic conveying unit, a blowing and feeding unit and a slag discharging unit, wherein the reaction furnace body is sequentially divided into an upper furnace body 3, a middle furnace body 4 and a lower furnace body 5 from top to bottom;
the outlet of the conveying and feeding unit is connected with the top of the reaction furnace body, the outlet of the pneumatic conveying unit is connected with the inlet of the blowing and feeding unit, the outlet of the blowing and feeding unit is connected to the lower furnace body 5, and the lower outlet of the lower furnace body 5 is connected with the slag discharging unit;
the upper furnace body 3 is in a circular truncated cone shape, the diameter of the upper furnace body is gradually increased from top to bottom, the middle furnace body 4 and the lower furnace body 5 are both in a cylindrical shape, the diameter of the middle furnace body 4 is the same as that of the bottom surface of the upper furnace body 3, the outer diameter of the lower furnace body 5 is the same as that of the middle furnace body 4, and the inner diameter of the lower furnace body 5 is smaller than that of the middle furnace body 4.
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) adding a carbonaceous reducing agent into a reaction furnace body, blowing air to perform a combustion reaction and heating;
(2) after stable combustion is achieved, spraying a mixture of air and fly ash and chlorine from the side surface of the lower furnace body 5, and performing chlorination reaction on the fly ash and the chlorine under the action of a carbonaceous reducing agent to generate various chlorides;
(3) and (3) discharging one part of the chloride generated in the step (2) from an air outlet of the upper furnace body 3 in a gas state, and discharging the other part of the chloride from a lower outlet of the lower furnace body 5 in a liquid state in a downward flow mode.
The following are typical but non-limiting examples of the invention:
example 1:
the embodiment provides a fly ash injection chlorination device, the structural schematic diagram of the device is shown in fig. 1, wherein the structure of a reaction furnace body is an internal structural diagram of the reaction furnace body and comprises a conveying and feeding unit, the reaction furnace body, a pneumatic conveying unit, a blowing and feeding unit and a slag discharging unit, and the reaction furnace body is sequentially divided into an upper furnace body 3, a middle furnace body 4 and a lower furnace body 5 from top to bottom;
the outlet of the conveying and feeding unit is connected with the top of the reaction furnace body, the outlet of the pneumatic conveying unit is connected with the inlet of the blowing and feeding unit, the outlet of the blowing and feeding unit is connected to the lower furnace body 5, and the lower outlet of the lower furnace body 5 is connected with the slag discharging unit;
the upper furnace body 3 is in a circular truncated cone shape, the diameter of the upper furnace body is gradually increased from top to bottom, the inner diameter of the upper bottom is 420mm, the inner diameter of the lower bottom is 2600mm, the middle furnace body 4 and the lower furnace body 5 are both in a cylindrical shape, the inner diameter of the middle furnace body 4 is identical to that of the bottom surface of the upper furnace body 3 and is 2600mm, the height of the middle furnace body 4 is 4000mm, the outer diameter of the lower furnace body 5 is identical to that of the middle furnace body 4, the inner diameter of the lower furnace body 5 is smaller than that of the middle furnace body 4 and is 1000mm, and the height is 1140 mm.
The conveying and feeding unit comprises a lifter 1 and a charging device 2, an outlet of the lifter 1 is connected to an inlet of the charging device 2, and the charging device 2 is positioned above the upper furnace body 3; the elevator 1 and the charging device 2 transport carbonaceous reductant coke.
A furnace gas outlet 6 is arranged on the side surface of the upper furnace body 3, the furnace gas outlet 6 is vertical to the side surface of the upper furnace body 3, and the side surface of the upper furnace body 3 is an inclined surface;
the number of the furnace gas outlet 6 is two, and the furnace gas outlet is uniformly distributed along the circumference of the side surface of the upper furnace body 3.
The pneumatic conveying unit comprises an air compressor 7 and a chlorine compressor 8 which are arranged in parallel, the blowing and feeding unit comprises two spray guns, namely an air-fly ash spray gun 9 and a chlorine spray gun 10, the outlet of the air compressor 7 is connected with the air-fly ash spray gun 9, and the outlet of the chlorine compressor 8 is connected with the chlorine spray gun 10.
The air-fly ash spray gun 9 and the chlorine spray gun 10 are both horizontally arranged, the spray gun outlet is connected to the upper area of the side surface of the lower furnace body 5, the air-fly ash spray gun 9 is positioned above the chlorine spray gun 10 by 100mm, and the air-fly ash spray gun 9 is 200mm away from the upper edge of the lower furnace body 5;
the air-fly ash spray guns 9 and the chlorine spray guns 10 which are vertically arranged in the same vertical plane form a group of spray guns, six groups of spray guns are arranged and are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the side surface of the lower furnace body 5, and the same type of spray guns are positioned on the same horizontal plane.
The slag discharging unit comprises a horizontal equal-diameter pore canal 11 and a conical pore canal 12, wherein the inlet end of the horizontal equal-diameter pore canal 11 is positioned in the lower area of the side surface of the lower furnace body 5, the center line of the horizontal equal-diameter pore canal 11 is 180mm away from the horizontal plane of the furnace bottom, and the outlet end of the horizontal equal-diameter pore canal 11 is connected with the conical pore canal 12;
the connecting part of the tapered pore canal 12 and the horizontal equal-diameter pore canal 11 is the minimum diameter of the tapered pore canal 12, the diameter of the tapered pore canal 12 is the same as that of the horizontal equal-diameter pore canal 11 and is 55mm, the diameter of the tapered pore canal 12 gradually increases outwards, and the maximum diameter is 80 mm.
Example 2:
the embodiment provides a device for spraying and chlorinating fly ash, which comprises a conveying and feeding unit, a reaction furnace body, a pneumatic conveying unit, a blowing and feeding unit and a slag discharging unit, wherein the reaction furnace body is sequentially divided into an upper furnace body 3, a middle furnace body 4 and a lower furnace body 5 from top to bottom;
the outlet of the conveying and feeding unit is connected with the top of the reaction furnace body, the outlet of the pneumatic conveying unit is connected with the inlet of the blowing and feeding unit, the outlet of the blowing and feeding unit is connected to the lower furnace body 5, and the lower outlet of the lower furnace body 5 is connected with the slag discharging unit;
the upper furnace body 3 is in a circular truncated cone shape, the diameter of the upper furnace body is gradually increased from top to bottom, the inner diameter of the upper bottom is 400mm, the inner diameter of the lower bottom is 2000mm, the middle furnace body 4 and the lower furnace body 5 are both in a cylindrical shape, the inner diameter of the middle furnace body 4 is the same as that of the bottom surface of the upper furnace body 3 and is 2000mm, the height of the middle furnace body 4 is 3500mm, the outer diameter of the lower furnace body 5 is the same as that of the middle furnace body 4, the inner diameter of the lower furnace body 5 is smaller than that of the middle furnace body 4 and is 1000mm, and the height is 1160 mm.
The conveying and feeding unit comprises a lifter 1 and a charging device 2, an outlet of the lifter 1 is connected to an inlet of the charging device 2, and the charging device 2 is positioned above the upper furnace body 3; the elevator 1 and the charging device 2 convey a carbonaceous reducing agent petroleum coke.
A furnace gas outlet 6 is arranged on the side surface of the upper furnace body 3, the furnace gas outlet 6 is vertical to the side surface of the upper furnace body 3, and the side surface of the upper furnace body 3 is an inclined surface;
the number of the furnace gas outlet 6 is three, and the furnace gas outlet is uniformly distributed along the circumference of the side surface of the upper furnace body 3.
The pneumatic conveying unit comprises an air compressor 7 and a chlorine compressor 8 which are arranged in parallel, the blowing and feeding unit comprises two spray guns, namely an air-fly ash spray gun 9 and a chlorine spray gun 10, the outlet of the air compressor 7 is connected with the air-fly ash spray gun 9, and the outlet of the chlorine compressor 8 is connected with the chlorine spray gun 10.
The air-fly ash spray gun 9 and the chlorine spray gun 10 are both horizontally arranged, the spray gun outlet is connected to the upper area of the side surface of the lower furnace body 5, the air-fly ash spray gun 9 is positioned 120mm above the chlorine spray gun 10, and the distance between the air-fly ash spray gun 9 and the upper edge of the lower furnace body 5 is 180 mm;
the air-fly ash spray guns 9 and the chlorine spray guns 10 which are vertically arranged in the same vertical plane form a group of spray guns, eight groups of spray guns are arranged and are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the side surface of the lower furnace body 5, and the same type of spray guns are positioned on the same horizontal plane.
The slag discharging unit comprises a horizontal equal-diameter pore canal 11 and a conical pore canal 12, wherein the inlet end of the horizontal equal-diameter pore canal 11 is positioned in the lower area of the side surface of the lower furnace body 5, the center line of the horizontal equal-diameter pore canal 11 is 200mm away from the horizontal plane of the furnace bottom, and the outlet end of the horizontal equal-diameter pore canal 11 is connected with the conical pore canal 12;
the connection part of the tapered pore canal 12 and the horizontal equal-diameter pore canal 11 is the minimum diameter of the tapered pore canal 12, the diameter of the tapered pore canal 12 is the same as that of the horizontal equal-diameter pore canal 11 and is 50mm, the diameter of the tapered pore canal 12 gradually increases outwards, and the maximum diameter is 75 mm.
Example 3:
the embodiment provides a device for spraying and chlorinating fly ash, which comprises a conveying and feeding unit, a reaction furnace body, a pneumatic conveying unit, a blowing and feeding unit and a slag discharging unit, wherein the reaction furnace body is sequentially divided into an upper furnace body 3, a middle furnace body 4 and a lower furnace body 5 from top to bottom;
the outlet of the conveying and feeding unit is connected with the top of the reaction furnace body, the outlet of the pneumatic conveying unit is connected with the inlet of the blowing and feeding unit, the outlet of the blowing and feeding unit is connected to the lower furnace body 5, and the lower outlet of the lower furnace body 5 is connected with the slag discharging unit;
the upper furnace body 3 is in a circular truncated cone shape, the diameter of the upper furnace body is gradually increased from top to bottom, the inner diameter of the upper bottom is 450mm, the inner diameter of the lower bottom is 3000mm, the middle furnace body 4 and the lower furnace body 5 are both in a cylindrical shape, the inner diameter of the middle furnace body 4 is the same as that of the bottom surface of the upper furnace body 3 and is 3000mm, the height of the middle furnace body 4 is 4500mm, the outer diameter of the lower furnace body 5 is the same as that of the middle furnace body 4, and the inner diameter of the lower furnace body 5 is smaller than that of the middle furnace body 4 and is 1000mm, and the height is 1200 mm.
The conveying and feeding unit comprises a lifter 1 and a charging device 2, an outlet of the lifter 1 is connected to an inlet of the charging device 2, and the charging device 2 is positioned above the upper furnace body 3; the lifter 1 and the charging device 2 convey a carbonaceous reducing agent biomass char.
A furnace gas outlet 6 is arranged on the side surface of the upper furnace body 3, the furnace gas outlet 6 is vertical to the side surface of the upper furnace body 3, and the side surface of the upper furnace body 3 is an inclined surface;
the number of the furnace gas outlet 6 is four, and the furnace gas outlet is uniformly distributed along the circumference of the side surface of the upper furnace body 3.
The pneumatic conveying unit comprises an air compressor 7 and a chlorine compressor 8 which are arranged in parallel, the blowing and feeding unit comprises two spray guns, namely an air-fly ash spray gun 9 and a chlorine spray gun 10, the outlet of the air compressor 7 is connected with the air-fly ash spray gun 9, and the outlet of the chlorine compressor 8 is connected with the chlorine spray gun 10.
The air-fly ash spray gun 9 and the chlorine spray gun 10 are both horizontally arranged, the spray gun outlet is connected to the upper area of the side surface of the lower furnace body 5, the air-fly ash spray gun 9 is positioned above the chlorine spray gun 10 by 90mm, and the air-fly ash spray gun 9 is 220mm away from the upper edge of the lower furnace body 5;
the air-fly ash spray guns 9 and the chlorine spray guns 10 which are vertically arranged in the same vertical plane form a group of spray guns, nine groups of spray guns are arranged and are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the side surface of the lower furnace body 5, and the same type of spray guns are positioned on the same horizontal plane.
The slag discharging unit comprises a horizontal equal-diameter pore canal 11 and a conical pore canal 12, wherein the inlet end of the horizontal equal-diameter pore canal 11 is positioned in the lower area of the side surface of the lower furnace body 5, the center line of the horizontal equal-diameter pore canal 11 is 160mm away from the horizontal plane of the furnace bottom, and the outlet end of the horizontal equal-diameter pore canal 11 is connected with the conical pore canal 12;
the connecting part of the tapered pore canal 12 and the horizontal equal-diameter pore canal 11 is the minimum diameter of the tapered pore canal 12, the diameter of the tapered pore canal 12 is the same as that of the horizontal equal-diameter pore canal 11 and is 60mm, the diameter of the tapered pore canal 12 gradually increases outwards, and the maximum diameter is 90 mm.
Example 4:
this example provides a method for spray chlorination of fly ash, which is carried out using the apparatus of example 1, and comprises the following steps:
(1) adding carbonaceous reducing agent coke from an upper furnace body 3 through a conveying and feeding unit, filling a lower furnace body 5 and a part of a middle furnace body 4 of a reaction furnace body, wherein the filling volume proportion of the middle furnace body 4 area is 10 percent, blowing air, and forming a stable combustion area by the coke through combustion reaction, wherein the temperature reaches 1200 ℃;
(2) after stable combustion is achieved, spraying air, fly ash and chlorine from the side surface of a lower furnace body 5, wherein the spraying pressure of the chlorine is 0.4MPa, the air and the fly ash are sprayed in a fluidized form, the spraying pressure is 0.6MPa, the molar ratio of the fly ash to the chlorine is 3:19, under the action of coke, the fly ash and the chlorine react to form a chlorination reaction zone, and the chlorination reaction zone respectively extends upwards and downwards by 400mm by taking an outlet of an air-fly ash spray gun 9 as a central point to generate various chlorides;
(3) among the chlorides generated in step (2), the chlorides in gaseous form include SiCl4、AlCl3And FeCl3Upward moving, passing through the temperature-reducing and dust-removing section, reducing the temperature to 450 ℃, discharging from the furnace gas outlet 6, condensing step by step and separating; the chloride in liquid form comprises CaCl2、MgCl2KCl and NaCl flow downwards along the edge of the coke to the bottom of the constant-temperature molten pool section and are discharged through a slag discharge unit.
In this embodiment, the device and the method for spray chlorination of fly ash can realize stable chlorination of fly ash, improve reaction rate, and increase the conversion rate of fly ash to 95.5% and the purity of gas-phase chlorination product to 94.3%.
Example 5:
this example provides a method for spray chlorination of fly ash, which is performed using the apparatus of example 2, and includes the following steps:
(1) adding a carbonaceous reducing agent petroleum coke from an upper furnace body 3 through a conveying and feeding unit, filling a lower furnace body 5 and a part of a middle furnace body 4 of a reaction furnace body, wherein the filling volume proportion of the middle furnace body 4 area is 20%, blowing air, and forming a stable combustion area by the petroleum coke through combustion reaction, wherein the temperature reaches 1000 ℃;
(2) after stable combustion is achieved, spraying air, fly ash and chlorine from the side surface of a lower furnace body 5, wherein the spraying pressure of the chlorine is 0.3MPa, the air and the fly ash are sprayed in a fluidized form, the spraying pressure is 0.5MPa, the molar ratio of the fly ash to the chlorine is 6:19, under the action of petroleum coke, the fly ash and the chlorine react to form a chlorination reaction zone, and the chlorination reaction zone respectively extends upwards and downwards by 360mm by taking an outlet of an air-fly ash spray gun 9 as a central point to generate various chlorides;
(3) among the chlorides generated in step (2), the chlorides in gaseous form include SiCl4、AlCl3And FeCl3Upward moving, passing through the temperature-reducing and dust-removing section, reducing the temperature to 400 ℃, discharging from the furnace gas outlet 6, condensing step by step and separating; the chloride in liquid form comprises CaCl2、MgCl2KCl and NaCl flow downwards along the edge of the petroleum coke to the bottom of the constant-temperature molten pool section and are discharged through a slag discharge unit.
In this embodiment, the device and the method for spray chlorination of fly ash can realize stable chlorination of fly ash, improve reaction rate, and increase the conversion rate of fly ash to 95.2% and the purity of gas-phase chlorination product to 94.0%.
Example 6:
this example provides a method for spray chlorination of fly ash, using the apparatus of example 3, comprising the steps of:
(1) adding a carbonaceous reducing agent biomass coke from an upper furnace body 3 by a conveying and feeding unit, filling a lower furnace body 5 and a part of a middle furnace body 4 of a reaction furnace body, wherein the filling volume proportion of the middle furnace body 4 area is 30%, blowing air, and the biomass coke forms a stable combustion area through combustion reaction, and the temperature reaches 1400 ℃;
(2) after stable combustion is achieved, spraying air, fly ash and chlorine from the side surface of a lower furnace body 5, wherein the spraying pressure of the chlorine is 0.5MPa, the air and the fly ash are sprayed in a fluidized form, the spraying pressure is 0.7MPa, the molar ratio of the fly ash to the chlorine is 5:19, under the action of biomass coke, the fly ash and the chlorine react to form a chlorination reaction zone, and the chlorination reaction zone respectively extends upwards and downwards by 450mm by taking an outlet of an air-fly ash spray gun 9 as a central point to generate various chlorides;
(3) among the chlorides generated in step (2), the chlorides in gaseous form include SiCl4、AlCl3And FeCl3Upward moving, passing through the temperature-reducing and dust-removing section, reducing the temperature to 430 ℃, discharging from the furnace gas outlet 6, condensing step by step and separating; the chloride in liquid form comprises CaCl2、MgCl2KCl and NaCl flow downwards along the edge of the biomass coke to the bottom of the constant-temperature molten pool section and are discharged through a slag discharge unit.
In this embodiment, the device and the method for spray chlorination of fly ash can realize stable chlorination of fly ash, improve reaction rate, and increase the conversion rate of fly ash to 95.6% and the purity of gas-phase chlorination product to 94.5%.
Comparative example 1:
this comparative example provides an apparatus and method for spray chlorination of fly ash, which apparatus is referred to the apparatus of example 1, except that: the middle furnace body 4 and the lower furnace body 5 of the reaction furnace body have the same inner diameter, and the inner diameter of the original middle furnace body 4 is selected.
The process is referred to in example 4.
In the comparative example, because the inner diameter of the lower furnace body is enlarged to be the same as that of the middle furnace body, a stable combustion area cannot be formed by the combustion of the carbonaceous reducing agent, and the spraying of the fly ash and the chlorine gas is difficult to uniformly disperse in the furnace body, so that the chlorination reaction rate is low, the conversion rate of the fly ash is only 56%, and the purity of the gas-phase chlorination product is only 61%.
Comparative example 2:
this comparative example provides an apparatus and method for spray chlorination of fly ash, which apparatus is referred to the apparatus of example 1, except that: the blowing feeding unit comprises a chlorine-fly ash spray gun and an air spray gun.
The process is referred to the process in example 4, with the only difference that: in the step (2), the fly ash and the chlorine gas are jointly sprayed, and the air is separately sprayed.
In the comparative example, the fly ash and the chlorine are mixed before being sprayed into the lower furnace body, so that potential safety hazards are easily caused, the manufacturing cost of equipment is forced to be increased, the fly ash and the chlorine enter a high-temperature region on the same horizontal plane, the contact time of the fly ash particles and the chlorine is reduced under the action of gas drag force, the kinetic condition of chlorination reaction is weakened, the chlorination reaction rate is reduced, the conversion rate of the fly ash is only 54%, and the purity of a gas-phase chlorination product is only 57.6%.
It can be seen from the above examples and comparative examples that the invention takes the solid waste fly ash and the industrial byproduct chlorine as raw materials, is easy to obtain and has low cost, and combines with the carbonaceous reducing agent, realizes the high-efficiency utilization of each raw material by the injection chlorination device, and provides a new direction for the resource and high-value comprehensive utilization of the fly ash; according to the invention, through the design of each structural unit in the spray chlorination device, especially the design of the structural division of the reaction furnace body, the raw material feeding structure and the slag discharging structure, a stable region for chlorination reaction can be formed, the principles of radiation, conduction and convection heat transfer are fully utilized, the temperature distribution of the whole reaction region meets the requirement of each oxide in the fly ash for chlorination reaction, the stability of the chlorination reaction is improved, the reaction rate and the conversion rate of the fly ash are improved under a proper working condition, the conversion rate of the fly ash reaches more than 95%, the quality and the purity of a target product are ensured, and SiCl is used as a material for the chlorination reaction4、AlCl3、FeCl3The purity of the product reaches more than 94%; the air-fly ash spray gun and the chlorine spray gun are arranged in the structure and the position, so that the independent injection of the fly ash and the chlorine can be effectively realized, and the combustion at the outlet of the spray gun is improved under the condition of ensuring the temperature gradient of a chlorination reaction zoneThe stability of flame at the focus and the uniformity of the temperature field of the chlorination reaction zone improve the stability of chlorination reaction; the arrangement of the slag discharge unit in the device avoids the accumulation of impurities and carbonaceous reducing agent powder in the fly ash and metal chloride which is in a liquid state at high temperature on the lower part of the constant-temperature molten pool section, thereby improving the purity of gaseous chloride with high added value and providing powerful guarantee for the continuous and stable operation of the injection chlorination device.
The applicant states that the present invention is illustrated by the detailed apparatus and method of the present invention through the above embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the above detailed apparatus and method, i.e. it is not meant to imply that the present invention must be implemented by the above detailed apparatus and method. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that any modifications to the present invention, equivalents of the means for substitution and addition of means for carrying out the invention, selection of specific means, etc., are within the scope and disclosure of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The device for spraying and chlorinating the fly ash is characterized by comprising a conveying and feeding unit, a reaction furnace body, a pneumatic conveying unit, a spraying and feeding unit and a deslagging unit, wherein the reaction furnace body is sequentially divided into an upper furnace body, a middle furnace body and a lower furnace body from top to bottom;
the outlet of the conveying and feeding unit is connected with the top of the reaction furnace body, the outlet of the pneumatic conveying unit is connected with the inlet of the blowing and feeding unit, the outlet of the blowing and feeding unit is connected to the lower furnace body, and the lower outlet of the lower furnace body is connected with the slag discharging unit;
the upper furnace body is in a circular truncated cone shape, the diameter of the upper furnace body is gradually increased from top to bottom, the middle furnace body and the lower furnace body are both in a cylindrical shape, the diameter of the middle furnace body is the same as that of the bottom surface of the upper furnace body, the outer diameter of the lower furnace body is the same as that of the middle furnace body, and the inner diameter of the lower furnace body is smaller than that of the middle furnace body;
the pneumatic conveying unit comprises an air compressor and a chlorine compressor which are arranged in parallel, the blowing feeding unit comprises two spray guns, namely an air-fly ash spray gun and a chlorine spray gun, the outlet of the air compressor is connected with the air-fly ash spray gun, and the outlet of the chlorine compressor is connected with the chlorine spray gun;
the slag discharging unit comprises a horizontal equal-diameter pore passage and a conical pore passage, wherein the inlet end of the horizontal equal-diameter pore passage is positioned in the lower area of the side surface of the lower furnace body, and the outlet end of the horizontal equal-diameter pore passage is connected with the conical pore passage.
2. The fly ash spray chlorination apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the transportation feeding unit comprises a lift and a charging device, an outlet of the lift is connected to an inlet of the charging device, and the charging device is located above the upper furnace body;
the elevator and the charging device transport a carbonaceous reducing agent.
3. The fly ash spray chlorination device according to claim 1, wherein a furnace gas outlet is arranged on the side surface of the upper furnace body, the furnace gas outlet is vertical to the side surface of the upper furnace body, and the side surface of the upper furnace body is an inclined surface;
the number of the furnace gas outlet ports is at least two, and the furnace gas outlet ports are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the side face of the upper furnace body.
4. The fly ash spray chlorination device according to claim 1, wherein the air-fly ash spray gun and the chlorine spray gun are both horizontally arranged, the spray gun outlet is connected to the upper region of the side surface of the lower furnace body, and the air-fly ash spray gun is positioned above the chlorine spray gun;
the air-fly ash spray guns and the chlorine spray guns which are arranged in the same vertical plane from top to bottom form a group of spray guns, at least six groups of spray guns are arranged and are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the side surface of the furnace body at the lower part, and the same type of spray guns are positioned on the same horizontal plane.
5. The fly ash spray chlorination device according to claim 1, wherein the connection position of the conical duct and the horizontal equal diameter duct is the minimum diameter of the conical duct, and the diameter of the conical duct is gradually increased outwards and is the same as that of the horizontal equal diameter duct.
6. A method for spray chlorination of fly ash using the apparatus of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
(1) adding a carbonaceous reducing agent into a reaction furnace body, blowing air to perform a combustion reaction and heating;
(2) after stable combustion is achieved, spraying a mixture of air and fly ash and chlorine from the side surface of a furnace body at the lower part, and carrying out chlorination reaction on the fly ash and the chlorine under the action of a carbonaceous reducing agent to generate various chlorides;
(3) and (3) one part of the chloride generated in the step (2) moves upwards in a gaseous form and is discharged from an air outlet of the upper furnace body, and the other part of the chloride flows downwards in a liquid form and is discharged from a lower outlet of the lower furnace body.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the carbonaceous reducing agent of step (1) is fed from the upper furnace body by a transport feed unit, and the carbonaceous reducing agent fills the lower furnace body and a part of the middle furnace body of the reaction furnace body;
and (2) forming a stable combustion zone by the carbonaceous reducing agent through a combustion reaction in the step (1), wherein the temperature reaches 900-1400 ℃.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the air and fly ash of step (2) are injected in fluidized form from an air-fly ash injection lance and the chlorine gas is injected from a chlorine gas injection lance to form a chlorination reaction zone;
the chlorination reaction zone extends upwards and downwards by taking an air-fly ash spray gun outlet as a central point and comprises a lower part area of a middle furnace body and a middle upper part area of a lower furnace body in the reaction furnace body.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein the gaseous form of chloride of step (3) comprises SiCl4、AlCl3And FeCl3The gas is discharged from a furnace gas outlet of the upper furnace body and then is condensed and separated step by step;
the liquid form of chloride in step (3) comprises CaCl2、MgCl2KCl and NaCl flow downwards along the edge of the carbonaceous reducing agent to the bottom of the lower furnace body and are discharged by a slag discharge unit.
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| CN110436502A (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2019-11-12 | 东北大学 | A kind of flyash decrement treatment method and device |
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| JPS61230780A (en) * | 1985-04-05 | 1986-10-15 | Sumitomo Cement Co Ltd | Treatment of coal ash |
| CN102491394A (en) * | 2011-11-22 | 2012-06-13 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Method for producing aluminum chloride by using fly ash |
| CN104773747A (en) * | 2014-01-14 | 2015-07-15 | 贵阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 | Refining process method for producing anhydrous aluminum chloride through high aluminum fly ash |
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