CN104322470A - Method for controlling edible fungi insect sciaridae by insect sex pheromone - Google Patents
Method for controlling edible fungi insect sciaridae by insect sex pheromone Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for controlling edible fungi insect sciaridae by insect sex pheromone and belongs to the field of pollution-free edible fungi insect biological control. The method is realized through the following steps that (1) n-capric aldehyde, n-undecyl aldehyde, n-dodecanal and n-tridecanal are mixed according to the mass ratio of 31.3:53.7:6.5:8.5 (or the n-undecyl aldehyde) are used as a lure source, 10 mg of lure source is weighted and is dissolved in 50mL normal hexane, a luring agent is prepared and loaded on a rubber stopper as a luring core, and each luring core contains 0.1mg of the luring agent; (2) the luring core obtained in the step (1) is used and manufactured as a luring device, the luring device is placed in a sciaridae shed, each luring device is arranged every four square meters, each luring device is hung 30-50cm above a sciaridae bed, and sciaridae is lured. The method is used for luring the sciaridae.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to non-polluted edible fungus damage worm field of biological control; Being specifically related to one utilizes insect sex pheromone to be the prevention and controls luring source single-minded, nontoxic, efficient Edible Fungi Pests mushroom mosquito (Sciaridae).
Background technology
Mushroom mosquito is the primary pest of edible mushroom and medicinal fungus, is also the most serious a kind of insect of edible mushroom of causing harm.Causing harm of mushroom mosquito is based on larval feeding, and imago feeding takes second place, and larva is caused harm composts or fertilisers of cultivating, mycelia and fruit body, sucks mycelium nutrition, makes that mycelia is failed, button for want of nutrient and withered, can propagate disease simultaneously, simultaneously and carry mite class.
The quantity of mushroom mosquito (Sciaridae) species is not clear at present in the world, but has reported 150 kinds in North America.Mostly several worldwide cause edible mushroom and the complete huge economic loss of horticultural production.Such as mushroom mosquito (LycoriellapleurotiYangetZhang) and fragrant-flowered garlic maggot.The loss of 1,200,000 dollars is caused between the insect pest year that Northern Ireland mushroom mosquito causes
(3), the edible mushroom of causing between the insect pest year that Japanese edible mushroom place of production Chiba is caused by mushroom mosquito loses 900,000 kilograms
(2).Along with the continuous expansion in Edible Fungi region, the increase year by year of output and area, the harm that damage by disease and insect causes in Edible Fungi and loss show especially with benefit.
Mushroom mosquito is also domestic sociales, the qualification sample sent with each province and city according to investigations found this worm in Fujian, there are generation in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Henan, Shanghai, Xinjiang, Liaoning, Hebei, the provinces and cities such as Beijing.Because of its general underproduction 15% ~ 20% of causing harm, the mushroom room in some area causes crushing loss.The continuous expansion of flat mushroom cultivated area is planted along with bag, the use year after year in mushroom room (canopy), the worm source of endangering mushroom growth in planting environment increases year by year, the incidence of mushroom mosquito is also extremely serious, particularly spring, incidence was up to more than 80%, endanger and serious account for about 50%, the mushroom field Severe Reduction of nearly 30% even has no harvest, and brings very large economic loss to vast mushroom agriculture.
Therefore, the control of mushroom mosquito has become the key measure being related to edible fungus culturing success or failure.At present, the Main Means of chemical control or China's mushroom agriculture pest control, result is also not fully up to expectations, but kills the natural enemy of insect.Natural enemy populations is subject to very large destruction, to such an extent as to after medication, natural enemy quantity sharply reduces and population can not recover, and number of pest but increases very soon.Go down for a long time, the insect mosquitos and flies class that particularly fertility is strong also easily develops immunity to drugs.In addition, the insect to composts or fertilisers of cultivating deep layer does not almost act on insecticide, and larva is harm as usual, continues again breeding and pest population quantity is constantly increased, cause the generation of insect even more serious after adult eclosion.In Japan, blackout and uviol lamp are widely used to detect the generation of insect and to catch adult.Research shows that blackout can stimulate the flying activity of mushroom mosquito and affect the production of edible mushroom.The natural enemy such as fumigant, arrestant (IGRs), BT emulsion, parasitic mite, parasitic wasp is also used to pest control, utilize entomopathogenic nematode to prevent and treat mushroom insect in addition, the spectral response principle utilizing insect special and photochromic ecological rule mythimna separata colour table carry out the report etc. of insect-killing trapping.
Fresh by the method for insect sex pheromone control Edible Fungi Pests mushroom mosquito is at present report.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention provides the method for a kind of insect sex pheromone control Edible Fungi Pests mushroom mosquito.Method of the present invention can effective prevention and control mushroom mosquito.
The method of insect sex pheromone control Edible Fungi Pests mushroom mosquito of the present invention is realized by following steps:
Step one, using n-capric aldehyde, positive hendecanal, positive 12 carbon aldehyde, positive 13 carbon aldehyde by the mixing of 31.3:53.7:6.5:8.5 mass ratio as luring source, then 10mg is taken, be dissolved in 50mL n-hexane and be mixed with trapping bait, and be loaded in rubber stopper as luring core, each core that lures contains trapping bait 0.1mg;
Step 2, the core that lures step one obtained make trapper, trapper are put into mushroom canopy, every 4m
2arrange a trapper, trapper is suspended on 30cm ~ 50cm place above mushroom bed, implements trapping mushroom mosquito adult.
The present invention can adopt and lure source described in n-undecylic aldehyde replacement step.
Said method is step 2 enforcement trapping mushroom mosquito adult is send out a phase trapping adult in Sheng.
Trapper described in step 2 is that white PVC board is assembled into inverted V-shape, then inside PVC board, paste that white mythimna separata offset plate makes.
Core is lured to be arranged on apart from 2cm place, trapper top.
The longitudinal section of described trapper is isosceles triangle.
The present invention is successfully for edible mushroom No-harmful apple orchard provides a new method.Insect pheromone product is bionical high-tech product, and by the sex pheromone compound luring core to discharge Prof. Du Yucang, and slowly-releasing is to field, lure mushroom mosquito to trapper, and kill mushroom mosquito with Physical, thus destroy its mating, reduce insect density, finally reach the object of control.Utilize insect pheromone to carry out a large amount of mass trapping mushroom mosquito and have following advantage: 1, high bioactivity, selectivity is strong; 2, insect does not develop immunity to drugs, and does not kill external natural enemy; 3, reducing or remove Pesticide use amount from, not forming pollution to environment, is desirable biopesticide; 4, reduce the chemical pesticide residual quantity in edible fungus, improve edible mushroom competitiveness; 5, easy to use, expenses for prevention and control is low; 6, the term of validity is long, can continue the drug effect of about three months.The application of insect pheromone can greatly reduce the use of chemical pesticide, and residual safe, the benign cycle that reduces environmental pollution, promote the ecological balance and ecotope of the agriculture of strong guarantee edible mushroom, ensures the sustainable development of edible mushroom.Therefore in the control of Edible Fungi Pests, have vast potential for future development, believe greatly developing along with green agriculture, the application prospect of insect sex pheromone will be more wide.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is sex pheromone result figure; Fig. 2 is insect density investigation figure; Fig. 3 is that trapper density of setting is on affecting trap effect figure; Fig. 4 is trapper structural representation cutaway view, 1---and PVC board, 2---white mythimna separata offset plate, 3---luring core, 4---lifting rope.
Embodiment
In present embodiment, the method for insect sex pheromone control Edible Fungi Pests mushroom mosquito is realized by following steps:
Step one, n-capric aldehyde, positive hendecanal, positive 12 carbon aldehyde, positive 13 carbon aldehyde are mixed (or n-undecylic aldehyde) as luring source by 31.3:53.7:6.5:8.5 mass ratio, then 10mg is taken, be dissolved in 50mL n-hexane and be mixed with trapping bait, and being loaded in rubber stopper as luring core, each core that lures contains trapping bait 0.1mg;
Step 2, the core that lures step one obtained make trapper, trapper are put into mushroom canopy, every 4m
2arrange a trapper, trapper is suspended on 30cm ~ 50cm place above mushroom bed, implements trapping mushroom mosquito adult.
It is send out phase trapping adult in Sheng that step 2 implements trapping mushroom mosquito adult.
Trapper described in step 2 is that white PVC board is assembled into inverted V-shape (see Fig. 4), then inside PVC board, paste that white mythimna separata offset plate makes.
Core is lured to be arranged on apart from 2cm place, trapper top.
The longitudinal section of described trapper is isosceles triangle.
Adopt following verification experimental verification invention effect:
1.1. Zhaodong, Zhaodong City town Yikang edible mushroom cooperative society, mushroom canopy area 260m
2.
1.1. varieties of plant: the special health 650 of flat mushroom.
1.2. mushroom mosquito sex pheromone lure core
That designs three kinds of components lures core: (1) capraldehyde, positive hendecanal, positive 12 carbon aldehyde, positive 13 carbon aldehyde are with ratio (31.3:53.7:6.5:8.5) 0.1mg (formula 1).(2) (3) n-hexane in contrast in order to lure source (formula 2) for n-undecylic aldehyde.
Luring the preparation method of core: (1), with C10-C13 aldehyde for luring source, Sigma natural rubber plug is carrier, before using, removing peculiar smell with ethanol washing.Accurately take 10mg pheromones in proportion, be dissolved in 50ml n-hexane, add rubber stopper and make pheromones and lure core, each core that lures contains pheromones 0.1mg.
(2) accurately take the 10mg hendecanal for luring source (formula 2), Sigma natural rubber plug is carrier, and each core that lures contains pheromones 0.1mg.
(3) replace pheromones with n-hexane, Sigma natural rubber plug is carrier, makes contrast and lures core.
1.3.1. the design studies of trapper
It is bottomless that trapper is designed to isosceles triangle (200mm × 250mm), and white PVC makes.
1.3.2. insect-sticking plate
Being purchased from prompt cubic company in Beijing, is white tacky on two sides 200*250mm.
1.4 test method
1.4.1. the research of the impact of mushroom mosquito sex pheromone component, proportioning and gathering effect
Use white trapper, apply with white mythimna separata offset plate.Lure three, core, contrast three.50cm above trapper distance mushroom bed, interval 4m, puts at random.Timing was checked and was recorded each process and glues the quantity of catching mushroom mosquito every day, added up continuously and calculated the mean value of 6 days.Utilize SPSS19 statistical software analysis and comparison trapper to the trapping effect of mushroom mosquito.
1.4.2 insect density computational methods
Treatment region and check plot are randomly drawed 10 bags of bacterium bags and are investigated larva number respectively, are calculated as follows insect density reduced rate.
1.4.3. the process of mushroom mosquito sex pheromone is on the impact of output
Isolate six stifled mushroom walls (350 bags, every wall) respectively with fly net, three placement trappers, another three in contrast, calculate fruiting output respectively.
1.4.4 the density of setting of trapper and position are on the research of the impact of mushroom mosquito trap effect
(1) area is selected to be about 260m
2mushroom canopy, at long 4m, be provided with 4 process of suspension 1,2,3,4 trappers (white, lure core to fill a prescription 2, specification is 25cm × 20cm) between the mushroom wall of wide 2m respectively, often process repetition 4 times.Add up each trapper every day and lure borer population, Continuous Observation 6 days, calculates 6 day average, show that the suspension density of trapper affects the trapping effect of mushroom mosquito mushroom fly according to result.
(2) arrange hang on 50cm above bacterium bed, and bacterium bed horizontal down 30cm place 3 parallel with bacterium bed level height process, often process repetition 3 times.That adds up each process every day lures borer population, and add up continuously and calculate the mean value of 6 days, foundation result draws the trap effect of the hanging position of pheromones insect-sticking plate to mushroom mosquito.
2. result of the test and analysis
2.1 mushroom mosquito trapping amount tests
As can be seen from Figure 1, formula 1 processes trapping to 1693 mushroom mosquitos, and formula 2 trapping is to 1688 mushroom mosquitos, and result illustrates that formula 1 is little with formula 2 trap effect difference.
Utilize SPSS19 statistical software to carry out variance analysis to process 1 and 2, the results are shown in Table 1 and 2.α=0,05, F=16.566, F=21.284, P<0.01; Result shows sex pheromone process trap effect and significantly.
Table 1 is filled a prescription 1 process one-dimensional variance analysis result
ANOVA
Contrast
Table 2 is filled a prescription 2 process one-dimensional variance analysis results
ANOVA
Contrast
2.2 insect density tests
Fig. 2 is treatment region and check plot larva investigation result.Be calculated as follows insect density and reduce by 81.61%.
2.3 mushroom mosquito sex pheromone process are tested the impact of output
The result display of investigation, utilize insect sex pheromone to prevent and treat the Be very effective of mushroom mosquito, result of the test is in table 3.Utilize the bacterium bag carrying out insect sex pheromone control as can be seen from Table 3, volume increase 10.33%.
Table 3 fruiting output application form
| Mushroom wall is numbered | Check plot output (kg) | Treatment region output (kg) |
| 1 | 249.7 | 278.5 |
| 2 | 246.2 | 280.5 |
| 3 | 251 | 274.4 |
| Gross yield (kg) | 746.9 | 833.4 |
The density of setting of 2.4 trappers is on the research of the impact of mushroom mosquito trap effect
Fig. 3 is that trapper density of setting affects result to trap effect.This shows that the suspension density of worm effect and trapper that lures of trapper is proportionate.Unit are (8m
2) in arrange 1,2,3,4 trapper trap effect variances respectively comparative result in table 4, table 5.Due to F=7.14, P<0.01, show between four kinds of settings, there is extremely significant difference.Unit are 1 trapper and two trappers are carried out variance ratio comparatively, 0.05<P=0.14>0.01, shows that every eight square metres arrange between a trapper and the trap effect arranging two trappers that there were significant differences.Unit are (8m
2) in arrange 2,3,4 trapper trap effect variances respectively comparative result be respectively: P=0.353,0,092,0.423>0.05; Show unit are (8m
2) in 2,3,4 trapper trap effect differences with insignificance are set.Therefore, trapper density of setting is with every 4m
2arrange 1 to be advisable
Table 4 unit are (8m
2) interior trapper arrange number with trap effect comparative result
ANOVA
Lure mosquito number
Table 5 unit are (8m
2) interior trapper arrange number with trap effect the result of multiple comparisons
Multiple range test
Dependent variable: lure mosquito number
*. all the significance of value difference is 0.05.
The trapping effect of the inventive method to mushroom mosquito mushroom fly is extremely remarkable.Bacterium bag mushroom mosquito larvae insect density through the mushroom room of sex pheromone process reduces about 81.61%, retrieves production loss about 10.33%.
Claims (6)
1. a method for insect sex pheromone control Edible Fungi Pests mushroom mosquito, is characterized in that the method for insect sex pheromone control Edible Fungi Pests mushroom mosquito is realized by following steps:
Step one, using n-capric aldehyde, positive hendecanal, positive 12 carbon aldehyde, positive 13 carbon aldehyde by the mixing of 31.3:53.7:6.5:8.5 mass ratio as luring source, take 10mg and lure source, then be dissolved in 50mL n-hexane and be mixed with trapping bait, and being loaded in rubber stopper as luring core, each core that lures contains trapping bait 0.1mg;
Step 2, the core that lures step one obtained make trapper, trapper are put into mushroom canopy, every 4m
2arrange a trapper, trapper is suspended on 30cm ~ 50cm place above mushroom bed, implements trapping mushroom mosquito adult.
2. the method for a kind of insect sex pheromone control Edible Fungi Pests mushroom mosquito according to claim 1, is characterized in that adopting and lures source described in n-undecylic aldehyde replacement step.
3. the method for a kind of insect sex pheromone control Edible Fungi Pests mushroom mosquito according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that step 2 implements trapping mushroom mosquito adult is send out phase trapping adult in Sheng.
4. the method for a kind of insect sex pheromone control Edible Fungi Pests mushroom mosquito according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that trapper described in step 2 is that white PVC board is made inverted V-shape, then inside PVC board, paste that white mythimna separata offset plate makes.
5. the method for a kind of insect sex pheromone control Edible Fungi Pests mushroom mosquito according to claim 4, is characterized in that luring core to be arranged on apart from 2cm place, trapper top.
6. the method for a kind of insect sex pheromone control Edible Fungi Pests mushroom mosquito according to claim 4, is characterized in that the longitudinal section of described trapper is isosceles triangle.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109526987A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-03-29 | 重庆市农业科学院 | A method of planthopper is prevented and treated using green muscardine fungus and sex attractant synergy |
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| CN109526987A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-03-29 | 重庆市农业科学院 | A method of planthopper is prevented and treated using green muscardine fungus and sex attractant synergy |
| CN109526987B (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2021-11-26 | 重庆市农业科学院 | Method for preventing and treating rice planthopper by combined action of metarhizium anisopliae and sex attractant |
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