CN104303717B - Combined straw is field rotary tillage rotor also - Google Patents

Combined straw is field rotary tillage rotor also Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104303717B
CN104303717B CN201410436141.8A CN201410436141A CN104303717B CN 104303717 B CN104303717 B CN 104303717B CN 201410436141 A CN201410436141 A CN 201410436141A CN 104303717 B CN104303717 B CN 104303717B
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China
Prior art keywords
spiral
cutter
rotor
horizontal
rotary blade
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CN201410436141.8A
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CN104303717A (en
Inventor
张居敏
夏俊芳
张秀梅
周勇
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Huazhong Agricultural University
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Huazhong Agricultural University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of combined straw also field rotary tillage rotor, by the reasonable combination by traditional rotovator and rotary ploughing machine for covering grass operation cutter separately, the high stubble stalk that whole function and rotary ploughing machine for covering grass are ploughed in the farmland realizing traditional rotovator by a rotor buries and covers also field function, solves the problems such as existing rotor function singleness, complex structure, energy consumption are high, narrow application range.Technical scheme comprises cutter shaft and is arranged on the multiple rotor unit on cutter shaft, described rotor unit comprises cutterhead, the horizontal cutter of spiral, rotary blade and tulwar, described cutterhead is arranged on cutter shaft, cutterhead is evenly distributed with multiple tulwar, tulwar between adjacent two cutterheads is evenly connected with 2-3 the horizontal cutter of spiral, the cutter shaft between the horizontal cutter of each spiral is furnished with 1-3 rotary blade.Structure of the present invention is simple, applied range, have concurrently farmland plough whole and high stubble stalk bury cover also field function, operating efficiency is high, energy consumption is low.

Description

Combined straw is field rotary tillage rotor also
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of straw-returning machinery, a kind of combined straw also field rotary tillage rotor specifically.
Background technology
Crop straw burning remains incessant after repeated prohibition, serious harm different social sectors, and straw-returning can crack burning chronic disease, can reduce again applying quantity of chemical fertilizer, improves soil structure, improve farmland fertility.Current straw-returning is main mainly with chopping and returning, and when crushed stalk can avoid follow-up field farming, farm machinery twine grass.Crushed stalk mode mainly contains two kinds: the first, with the straw crushing and field-returning machine crushing straw of specialty, which good crushing effect, but expends farming season, increase operating cost; The second, reduce combine harvester cutting stubble height, and install stalk crasher at its grass outlet place, which saves farming season, crushed stalk is effective, but increase combine feed quantity, loads such as having increased the weight of grain threshing, be separated, cleaned, reduces Combine Harvester Grain efficiency of crop.In recent years in straw directly returning to field, a lot of people is also studied.Patent of invention 200610156300 " a kind of grass twisting-free straw returning rotary tiller " has welded the careless horizontal stripe of plural gear on traditional rotavator knife roll shaft, solve rotovator cutter shaft grass-wrapping problem when high stubble stalk Tanaka's operation, but not buried by stalk is layed onto in topsoil soils, the major part exposed earth's surface of stalk, affects follow-up sowing, plants link; Two identical rotary ploughing machine for covering grass rotors are arranged in same rotovator framework by application for a patent for invention number 201120249366.4 " a kind of high stubble paddy-field double-shaft rotary tillage buries careless soil preparation machine ", an operation can realize single roller rotary ploughing machine for covering grass twice operation effectiveness, grading after ploughing, stalk bury cover effective, but this machine complex structure, power consumption is large, and is only applicable to paddy-field-working, poor universality; Patent of invention number 201210514851.9 " the dual-purpose straw-returning of a kind of floods and droughts ploughs whole rotor " are by the reasonable combination of the horizontal cutter of spiral and tulwar, by field along the longitudinal and transverse gridding farming of unit direction of advance, the horizontal cutter of spiral adopts the sawed-off stalk of sawtooth cutting edge, and this machine straw-returning is effective, and has good paddy field dry-land universal, but complex structure, cutter is dense, and in operation process, folder soil stops up mud, and whole weak effect is ploughed in farmland, and the standardization level of operation cutter is low, manufacturing cost is high; Stubble-cleaning rotor and soil rotary tillage rotor are arranged in rotovator framework by utility model patent 201220548794.1 " a kind of two roller straw application rotary cultivator " simultaneously, realize straw-returning, soil rotary tillage multiple operation, this machine operation efficiency is high, straw-returning is effective, but complete machine weight is large, complex structure, power consumption are large.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides a kind of structure simple, have farmland concurrently and plough whole and stalk and bury and cover also field function, applied range, operating efficiency is high, energy consumption is low combined straw also field rotary tillage rotor.
Technical scheme is in a rotor by traditional rotovator and rotary ploughing machine for covering grass operation cutter reasonable combination separately, make this rotor have farmland to plough whole and stalk and bury and cover also two, field function simultaneously, specifically comprise cutter shaft and be arranged on the multiple rotor unit on cutter shaft, described rotor unit comprises cutterhead, the horizontal cutter of spiral, rotary blade and tulwar, described cutterhead is arranged on cutter shaft, cutterhead is along the circumferential direction evenly distributed with multiple tulwar, 2-3 the horizontal cutter of spiral is evenly connected with along cutter shaft circumferencial direction by 2-3 head helix between the tulwar of adjacent two cutterheads, cutter shaft between adjacent two horizontal cuttves of spiral is furnished with rotary blade, the cutter head of described rotary blade is stretched out by the gap location between adjacent two horizontal cuttves of spiral.
The hand of spiral of the horizontal cutter of described spiral between described two adjacent groups rotor unit is contrary, and the described rotary blade in same rotor unit is contrary with spiral horizontal cutter rotation direction.
The cutterhead being positioned at cutter shaft two ends in described multiple rotor unit is equipped with gear grass card.
Beeline difference in rotor unit between described rotary blade and the horizontal cutter of adjacent both sides spiral is less than 30mm.
The radius of turn 30mm-60mm larger than the radius of turn of the horizontal cutter of described spiral of described rotary blade.
Cutter shaft in same rotor unit between described adjacent two horizontal cuttves of spiral is furnished with 1-3 rotary blade.
The lift angle of the horizontal edge helix of described spiral is 24 °-35 °.
The radius of turn of described tulwar is less than or equal to the radius of turn of described rotary blade.
Axial spacing between described adjacent two cutterhead medial surfaces is 200mm-400mm.
Inventor conducts in-depth research existing rotary ploughing machine for covering grass rotor and traditional rotavator knife rod, on tool setting roller unit, the operation cutter of these two kinds of rotovators has carried out various combination and experimental study, described rotor unit is made up of cutterhead, the horizontal cutter of spiral, rotary blade and tulwar, multiple cutterheads on cutter shaft are separated out multiple rotor unit, cutterhead is along the circumferential direction evenly distributed with multiple tulwar, between the tulwar on adjacent two cutterheads, is evenly connected with 2-3 the horizontal cutter of spiral along cutter shaft circumferencial direction by 2-3 head helix; Described rotary blade is fixed on cutter shaft, and cutter head is stretched out by the gap location between adjacent two horizontal cuttves of spiral.During farming, rotary blade radius of turn is large, so first soil is not ploughed in rotor front and stalk cuts along tractor direction of advance, breaking, and then to be covered to by stalk along working width direction by the horizontal cutter of the spiral that radius of turn is less and has ploughed in soil; When the horizontal cutter of spiral covers stalk, cutting edge is inevitable is wrapped up by stalk, cause cutting edge rust, cut soil resistance increase, but rotary blade cuts soil resistance to what do not plough that the cutting in advance of soil and breaking effect effectively alleviate the horizontal cutter of spiral, therefore, this rotor not only can plough the less paddy field of whole soil compactibility, can also plough the nonirrigated farmland that whole soil compactibility is larger, and complete machine tillage resistance is little, energy consumption is low; Tulwar arrange on the one hand for the horizontal cutter of fixing spiral, also play the cutting, the breaking that coordinate rotary blade not plough soil and stalk on the other hand.By the operation cutter of traditional rotovator together with the operation cutter reasonable combination of rotary ploughing machine for covering grass, the high stubble stalk that whole function and rotary ploughing machine for covering grass are ploughed in the farmland realizing traditional rotovator by a rotor buries and covers also field function, complete machine structure is simple and reliable, operating efficiency is high, energy consumption is low, and operating cost is low; Described rotary blade is national standard rotary blade, compared with patent family product, eliminates the vertical cutter non-standard component of One's name is legion, and component universality is strong, is conducive to producing and maintenance.
Because the horizontal cutter of spiral and rotary blade have two contrary rotation directions, namely the horizontal cutter of spiral is divided into the horizontal cutter of left-hand screw and the horizontal cutter of right-hand screw, and rotary blade is also divided into left rotary blade and right rotary blade, find when actual job, the no matter horizontal cutter of spiral of which kind of hand of spiral and rotary blade, it has axial flow lateral thrusting effect to soil, mutually weaken to allow both this effects, rear grading degree is ploughed to improve, the rotation direction of the described rotary blade in same rotor unit and the horizontal cutter of spiral is contrary, that is: right rotary blade is arranged between the horizontal cutter of left-hand screw, left rotary blade is arranged between the horizontal cutter of right-hand screw.
Further, the cutterhead at multiple rotor unit two ends is equipped with gear grass card, stalk effectively can be prevented to be wound around at axle journal place, rotor two ends, guarantee that operation is smooth and easy.
In same rotor unit, described rotary blade is between adjacent two horizontal cuttves of spiral, the layout of rotary blade on cutter shaft neither be arbitrary, described rotary blade is preferably equal apart from the beeline of the horizontal cutter of adjacent both sides spiral, if there is difference, difference should be less than 30mm, can avoid cutter local dense like this and press from both sides soil, heap soil or fertilizer over and around the roots mud.In a rotor unit, cutter shaft between adjacent two horizontal cuttves of spiral has preferably been evenly arranged 2-3 rotary blade, during farming, each rotary blade not only has the breaking degree of depth to the horizontal cutter of follow-up spiral, and there is very large breaking width, and its breaking width just equals the working width of rotary blade.The number of described rotary blade is according to the axial spacing appropriate design between two cutterheads, and the axial spacing of adjacent two rotary blades is greater than the working width of single rotary blade, so that minimizing is backsetted, play rotary blade to greatest extent to the wide breaking effect of the horizontal cutter of follow-up spiral.
The radius of turn of described rotary blade is greater than the radius of turn 30-60mm of the horizontal cutter of described spiral, within the scope of this: 1), when can ensure farming first rotary blade does not plough soil in cutting knife roller front, ensure that rotary blade is to the breaking effect of the horizontal cutter of follow-up spiral, cut soil resistance with what effectively alleviate the horizontal cutter of follow-up spiral; 2), can ensure that stalk is covered the bottom ploughing soil layer by the horizontal cutter of spiral, improve stalk and bury the rate of covering; If the radius of turn of described rotary blade is with the radius of turn being greater than the horizontal cutter of described spiral, but its difference is less than 30mm, then owing to also advancing with tractor while rotor rotation in cultivating procedure, at this moment likely first the horizontal cutter of spiral does not plough soil in cutting knife roller front, then rotary blade will lose breaking effect to the horizontal cutter of follow-up spiral; If the radius of turn of described rotary blade is with the radius of turn being greater than the horizontal cutter of described spiral, but its difference is more than 60mm, although then the horizontal cutter of spiral covers effect to stalk, it is less than normal that stalk covers the degree of depth, substantially all in the middle and upper part ploughing soil layer, the stalk that can reduce complete machine buries the rate of covering.
The lift angle of the horizontal edge helix of described spiral is 24 °-35 °, because the static slip cutting angle of the horizontal cutter of spiral equals this lift angle, if lift angle is excessive, then the static slip cutting angle of cutting edge enhances the sliding cutting effect of the horizontal cutter of spiral to stalk because of bigger than normal, weaken spiral horizontal cutter and effect is covered to stalk, cause stalk to bury covering rate reducing; If lift angle is too small, then the static slip cutting angle of cutting edge weakens the sliding cutting effect of the horizontal cutter of spiral to stalk because of less than normal, enhances the horizontal cutter of spiral and covers impact cutting effect to stalk, cause the overall energy consumption increase of rotor.
The radius of turn of described tulwar is less than or equal to the radius of turn of described rotary blade, because compared with rotary blade, tulwar only has tilling depth, there is no working width width, so tulwar is little to the contribution of complete machine tilling depth, if tulwar radius of turn is greater than rotary blade radius of turn, then tulwar tilling depth is excessive, and complete machine energy consumption increases.
Consider the layout of cutter in rotor unit and the feature of high stubble stalk field soil, cutter shaft fabric width choose reasonable between 700mm to 2600mm of described rotor, the seriation rotor product of different working width can be produced according to the watt level of matching tractor.
Axial spacing between described adjacent two cutterhead medial surfaces is preferably 200mm-400mm, and spacing is crossed conference and caused the axial span of the horizontal cutter of spiral bigger than normal, the rigidity of spiral horizontal cutter when reducing farming, easy deformation failure; The too small meeting of spacing causes operation cutter dense, produces folder soil, stops up mud phenomenon during farming.
Beneficial effect:
(1) by traditional rotovator and rotary ploughing machine for covering grass operation cutter reasonable combination separately on a rotor, during farming, these two kinds of operation cutters cooperatively interact, and synchronously can realize farmland and plough whole, stalk and bury and cover, hack, level land, play the multiple functions such as slurry on a rotor.
(2) adopt the present invention can omit the pulverizing link before high stubble straw-returning, reduce tractor and to go to the field number of times, save farming season, reduce operation consumption and operating cost.
(3) compared with patent family product, rotary blade belongs to national standard cutter, improves the standardization level of complete machine parts, reduces manufacture, maintenance cost.
(4) owing to only using a rotor, compared with two roller straw application rotary cultivator, this rotor overall weight is little, and structure is simple, and operation consumption is low.
(5) the present invention can farming paddy field, also can farming nonirrigated farmland, complete machine highly versatile, and overcoming most of similar rotor can only farming paddy field or can only the poor universality shortcoming in farming nonirrigated farmland.
(6) field trial shows, combine is raised high stubble stalk field within the 750mm of the crop such as paddy rice, wheat, rape that stays after fringe harvesting, no matter be paddy field or nonirrigated farmland, in the little situation of soil compactibility (≤1260kpa), this machine operation can realize for one time stalk bury cover, the multiple function such as level land hack, tilling depth can reach 150mm ~ 200mm, tilling depth stability reaches more than 93%, after ploughing, grading degree is less than 12mm, vegetation is buried the rate of covering and reaches more than 96%, garrulous soil rate reaches more than 87%, and operation effectiveness meets agriculture requirement.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of rotor of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the stereogram of a rotor unit a mounting structure.
Wherein, 1. right rotary blade, 2. cutterhead, 3. cutter shaft, 4. gear grass card, 5. tulwar, the 6. horizontal cutter of left-hand screw, 7. left rotary blade, the 8. horizontal cutter of right-hand screw, a. rotor unit.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, explanation is further explained to the present invention:
See Fig. 1 and Fig. 2,
Technical scheme comprises cutter shaft 3 and is arranged on the multiple rotor unit a on cutter shaft 3, described rotor unit a comprises cutterhead 2, the horizontal cutter of spiral, rotary blade and tulwar 5, described cutterhead 2 is arranged on cutter shaft 3, cutterhead 2 is along the circumferential direction evenly distributed with multiple tulwar 5, between the tulwar 5 of adjacent two cutterheads 2, is evenly connected with 2-3 the horizontal cutter of spiral along cutter shaft circumferencial direction by 2-3 head helix; In same rotor unit a, the cutter shaft 3 between adjacent two horizontal cuttves of spiral is furnished with 2 rotary blades, the cutter head of described rotary blade is stretched out by the gap location between adjacent two horizontal cuttves of spiral.The cutterhead 2 being positioned at cutter shaft 3 two ends in described multiple rotor unit a is equipped with gear grass card 4; The lift angle of the horizontal edge helix of described spiral is 24 °-35 °; The radius of turn of described rotary blade is greater than the radius of turn 30-60mm of the horizontal cutter of described spiral; The radius of turn of described tulwar 5 is less than or equal to the radius of turn of described rotary blade, and the axial spacing between described adjacent two cutterhead 2 medial surfaces is 200mm-400mm.
According in cultivating procedure, it is divided into the horizontal cutter of left-handed spiral shell 6 and the horizontal cutter 8 of dextrorotation spiral shell to the axial flow thruster direction difference of soil to the horizontal cutter of described spiral, rotary blade comprises left rotary blade 7 and right rotary blade 1, and the hand of spiral of the horizontal cutter of described spiral of described two adjacent groups rotor unit a is contrary; Described rotary blade in same rotor unit and the horizontal cutter of spiral want contrary when farming to the axial flow lateral thrusting effect of soil, therefore, left rotary blade should be arranged between the horizontal cutter of right-hand screw, right rotary blade should be arranged between the horizontal cutter of left-hand screw, see Fig. 1 of the present embodiment, from left to right, first rotor unit a is furnished with the horizontal cutter of left-hand screw 6 and right rotary blade 1, and second rotor unit (adjacent cells) is furnished with the horizontal cutter of right-hand screw 8 and left rotary blade 7.See Fig. 2, for first rotor unit a, two right rotary blades 1 are apart from the beeline h of the horizontal cutter 6 of the left-hand screw of adjacent both sides 1and h 2difference be less than 30mm (| h 1-h 2|≤30mm).
Operation principle:
During operation, rotor of the present invention is arranged in rotovator framework, by the transmission system of rotovator, the power that tractor produces is passed to cutter shaft 3 and rotor is rotated, thus farming is carried out in the corresponding rotation of multiple rotor unit a on band movable arbor 3; During farming, first the rotary blade that radius of turn is larger contacts rotor front with tulwar 5 and does not plough soil, and will not plough soil along the cutting of unit direction of advance, breaking, and then stalk is covered in cultivated soil along complete machine working width direction by the horizontal cutter of the spiral that radius of turn is less; When the horizontal cutter of spiral covers stalk, cutting edge is wrapped up and rust by stalk, cut soil resistance to increase, but rotary blade alleviates the horizontal cutter of spiral to the cutting in advance of soil and breaking effect and cuts soil resistance, therefore, the present invention not only can plough the less paddy field of whole soil compactibility, can also plough the nonirrigated farmland that whole soil compactibility is larger, and complete machine tillage resistance is little, energy consumption is low; Gear grass card 4 on two ends cutterhead 2 cooperatively interacted with careless card of the gear in rotovator frame, constantly cut off the stalk being wrapped in cutter shaft 3 neck, in same rotor unit a, the axial flow lateral thrusting effect of right rotary blade 7 and the horizontal cutter of left-hand screw 6 pairs of soil weakens mutually, so grading degree is high after ploughing.
Field trial shows, for stubble height at 750mm and following paddy field, wheat paddock and Rapeseed Field etc., no matter be paddy field or nonirrigated farmland, when soil compactibility is not too large (≤1260kpa), can meet agriculture requirement one time through the operation of this rotovator rotor: tilling depth reaches 150mm-200mm, tilling depth stability reaches more than 93%, and after ploughing, grading degree is less than 12mm, stalk buries the rate of covering and reaches more than 96%, and garrulous soil rate reaches more than 87%.

Claims (8)

1. a combined straw also field rotary tillage rotor, comprise cutter shaft and be arranged on the multiple rotor unit on cutter shaft, it is characterized in that, described rotor unit comprises cutterhead, the horizontal cutter of spiral, rotary blade and tulwar, described cutterhead is arranged on cutter shaft, cutterhead is along the circumferential direction evenly distributed with multiple tulwar, 2-3 the horizontal cutter of spiral is evenly connected with along cutter shaft circumferencial direction by 2-3 head helix between the tulwar of adjacent two cutterheads, cutter shaft in same rotor unit between adjacent two horizontal cuttves of spiral is furnished with rotary blade, the cutter head of described rotary blade is stretched out by the gap location between adjacent two horizontal cuttves of spiral, the radius of turn 30mm-60mm larger than the radius of turn of the horizontal cutter of described spiral of described rotary blade.
2. combined straw also field rotary tillage rotor as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the cutter shaft in same rotor unit between described adjacent two horizontal cuttves of spiral is furnished with 1-3 rotary blade.
3. combined straw also field rotary tillage rotor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the beeline difference in described rotor unit between described rotary blade and adjacent two horizontal cuttves of spiral is less than 30mm.
4. combined straw also field rotary tillage rotor as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the hand of spiral of the horizontal cutter of spiral between adjacent described rotor unit is contrary, and the described rotary blade in same rotor unit is contrary with spiral horizontal cutter rotation direction.
5. the combined straw as described in claim 1 or 4 is field rotary tillage rotor also, it is characterized in that, the lift angle of the horizontal edge helix of described spiral is 24 °-35 °.
6. combined straw also field rotary tillage rotor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the radius of turn of described tulwar is less than or equal to the radius of turn of described rotary blade.
7. combined straw also field rotary tillage rotor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the axial spacing between described adjacent two cutterhead medial surfaces is 200mm-400mm.
8. combined straw also field rotary tillage rotor as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the cutterhead being positioned at cutter shaft two ends in described multiple rotor unit is equipped with gear grass card.
CN201410436141.8A 2014-08-29 2014-08-29 Combined straw is field rotary tillage rotor also Expired - Fee Related CN104303717B (en)

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CN104303717B true CN104303717B (en) 2016-04-27

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Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106922278A (en) * 2017-03-22 2017-07-07 华中农业大学 Vertical and horizontal combines nonirrigated farmland rotary tillage stubble-cleaning straw burying machine
CN106954431B (en) * 2017-04-14 2023-03-03 沈阳农业大学 Large-ridge double-row straw deep-burying returning machine
CN109452028A (en) * 2018-12-29 2019-03-12 东北林业大学 A kind of clear woods device cutting mechanism of rod formula
CN110366883A (en) * 2019-08-15 2019-10-25 华中农业大学 The combine plowing machine of nonirrigated farmland stalk plough rotation returning to the field

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005318819A (en) * 2004-05-07 2005-11-17 Kobashi Kogyo Co Ltd Tilling device
CN201230452Y (en) * 2008-07-31 2009-05-06 王世武 Straw returning machine
CN201378924Y (en) * 2009-02-16 2010-01-13 华中农业大学 Jointed harrow for multiple operations in farmland tillage
CN102960127A (en) * 2012-12-04 2013-03-13 华中农业大学 Amphibious plowing cutter roller for straw application
KR20130118504A (en) * 2012-04-20 2013-10-30 주식회사 세웅 Cultivating blade for rotary and method for making the same
CN204047044U (en) * 2014-08-29 2014-12-31 华中农业大学 Combined straw is field rotary tillage rotor also

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005318819A (en) * 2004-05-07 2005-11-17 Kobashi Kogyo Co Ltd Tilling device
CN201230452Y (en) * 2008-07-31 2009-05-06 王世武 Straw returning machine
CN201378924Y (en) * 2009-02-16 2010-01-13 华中农业大学 Jointed harrow for multiple operations in farmland tillage
KR20130118504A (en) * 2012-04-20 2013-10-30 주식회사 세웅 Cultivating blade for rotary and method for making the same
CN102960127A (en) * 2012-12-04 2013-03-13 华中农业大学 Amphibious plowing cutter roller for straw application
CN204047044U (en) * 2014-08-29 2014-12-31 华中农业大学 Combined straw is field rotary tillage rotor also

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