CN104292582B - 一种pe/三聚氰胺甲醛共混料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种pe/三聚氰胺甲醛共混料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种PE/三聚氰胺甲醛共混料及其制备方法,组分及各组分的质量分数如下:三聚氰胺甲醛30~50份,聚乙烯40~80份,滑石粉10~20份,氯化石蜡2~6份,偶氮二异丁氰1~6份,羧甲基纤维素钠2~8份,尿素1~4份,草酸1~2份,成膜助剂1~5份,硬脂酸盐1~4份,三乙醇胺1~3份,羧乙基纤维素2~5份,阻燃剂1~3份。将热固性树脂与热塑性塑料复合制成共混料,制得的共混料集合了两种树脂的优异性能,硬度高,耐磨性能好,阻燃性好,耐污染,PE塑料来源广泛,加工稳定性好,生产成本低,减少了环境污染,有良好的经济效益和社会效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于复合材料技术领域,具体涉及一种PE/三聚氰胺甲醛共混料及其制备方法。
背景技术
三聚氰胺甲醛树脂分子是由三聚氰胺与甲醛反应生成的由亚甲基或醚键连接的线性或体型结构的高分子。三聚氰胺甲醛树脂因反应时间不同分子聚合度不同,外观由无色透明液体到白色固体,具有耐光,耐水,无毒,自熄的特点,根据树脂的固含量和pH不同,树脂的稳定性不同,一般在-20~40℃下稳定存在,在酸性高温条件下可迅速固化。由于树脂中存在少量甲醛,在碱性条件下发生康尼扎罗反应生成甲酸,使树脂的pH下降,稳定性下降;一般通过在树脂中加入缓冲溶液的方法,使树脂的pH维持在8左右,可延长保存时间;也可以用喷雾干燥法将树脂制成固态粉末。
由于三聚氰胺甲醛树脂为体型交联,其中还含有大量的刚性三嗪环,三嗪环之间由一个碳原子的醚键或一个亚甲基相连,因此,三聚氰胺甲醛树脂具有硬而脆的特点。根据改性剂与树脂微观结构的结合方式,树脂改性可分为物理共混改性和化学改性两类。增韧机理通常用润滑性理论、凝胶理论、自由体积理论来说明。增韧剂的作用主要是减弱树脂分子间的次价键(即范德华力),增加树脂分子键的移动性,降低树脂分子链的结晶性,增加树脂的可塑性。物理共混增塑剂通常是一些对树脂有溶解作用的物质,它们绝大部分是高沸点的有机液体或低熔点的固体,化学增塑剂通常是多官能度的小分子。
聚乙烯(PE)是以乙烯为单体,经多种工艺方法生产的一类具有多重结构和性能的通用热塑性树脂,是目前世界合成树脂工业中产量最大、应用最广的聚合高分子。聚乙烯的刚性和模量较低,但冲击强度很高,具有很好的韧性;电性能十分优异;耐化学试剂及耐溶剂性能突出;加工性能优异,可用一般热塑性塑料的成型方法进行加工;缺点是易燃、耐环境应力开裂性能差。聚乙烯具有良好的化学稳定性,在室温下几乎不溶于任何溶剂,能耐酸、碱、盐等的腐蚀,如盐酸、氢氟酸、磷酸、甲酸、胺类、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾等各种化学物质,但硝酸和硫酸对聚乙烯有较强的破坏作用。聚乙烯容易光氧化、热氧化、臭氧分解,在紫外线作用下容易发生降解,受辐射后可发生交联、断链、形成不饱和基团等反应。
发明内容
本发明的目的是要提供一种PE/三聚氰胺甲醛共混料及其制备方法,将热固性树脂与热塑性塑料复合制成共混料,制得的共混料集合了两种树脂的优异性能,硬度高,耐磨性能好,阻燃性好,耐污染,PE塑料来源广泛,加工稳定性好,与三聚氰胺甲醛有较强的结合力,可以用作制造板材,制造的板材品质优良,另外可以利用回收的废旧PE塑料,生产成本低,减少了环境污染,有良好的经济效益和社会效益。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:
一种PE/三聚氰胺甲醛共混料,组分及各组分的质量分数如下:三聚氰胺甲醛30~50份,聚乙烯40~80份,滑石粉10~20份,氯化石蜡2~6份,偶氮二异丁氰1~6份,羧甲基纤维素钠2~8份,尿素1~4份,草酸1~2份,成膜助剂1~5份,硬脂酸盐1~4份,三乙醇胺1~3份,羧乙基纤维素2~5份,阻燃剂1~3份。
所述硬脂酸盐为硬脂酸钡或者硬脂酸铅。
所述成膜助剂为丙二醇丁醚或者丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯。
所述阻燃剂为氢氧化镁或者硼酸锌。
一种PE/三聚氰胺甲醛共混料,组分及各组分的质量分数优选如下:三聚氰胺甲醛35~45份,聚乙烯50~70份,滑石粉12~18份,氯化石蜡3~5份,偶氮二异丁氰3~6份,羧甲基纤维素钠3~7份,尿素2~4份,草酸1~2份,成膜助剂1~4份,硬脂酸盐1~2份,三乙醇胺1~2份,羧乙基纤维素2~3份,阻燃剂1~2份。
一种PE/三聚氰胺甲醛共混料,组分及各组分的质量分数优选如下:三聚氰胺甲醛40份,聚乙烯60份,滑石粉16份,氯化石蜡4份,偶氮二异丁氰4.5份,羧甲基纤维素钠5份,尿素3份,草酸1.8份,成膜助剂2.4份,硬脂酸盐1.6份,三乙醇胺1.2份,羧乙基纤维素2.3份,阻燃剂1.2份。
PE/三聚氰胺甲醛共混料的制备方法,将各物料按比例加入到高速混合机中,70~85℃下混合5~10min,高速混合机转速为400~500rmp,然后将混合好的物料加入混炼型螺杆,使物料混炼塑化均匀,工艺控制如下:1区85~100℃,2区115~130℃,3区130~140℃,4区150~160℃,机头温度为160~170℃,螺杆转速为50~80rpm;最后将混炼塑化后的物料进入压延机辊筒采用蒸汽加热,加热至110~130℃,使物料进一步塑化均匀,然后冷却至室温,出料。
混炼型螺杆工艺控制如下:1区95℃,2区120℃,3区135℃,4区155℃,机头温度为165℃,螺杆转速为70rpm。
有益效果:本发明提供一种PE/三聚氰胺甲醛共混料及其制备方法,将热固性树脂与热塑性塑料复合制成共混料,制得的共混料集合了两种树脂的优异性能,硬度高,耐磨性能好,阻燃性好,耐污染,PE塑料来源广泛,加工稳定性好,与三聚氰胺甲醛有较强的结合力,可以用作制造板材,制造的板材品质优良,另外可以利用回收的废旧PE塑料,生产成本低,减少了环境污染,有良好的经济效益和社会效益。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
一种PE/三聚氰胺甲醛共混料,组分及各组分的质量分数如下:三聚氰胺甲醛30份,聚乙烯40份,滑石粉10份,氯化石蜡2份,偶氮二异丁氰1份,羧甲基纤维素钠2份,尿素1份,草酸1份,成膜助剂丙二醇丁醚1份,硬脂酸钡1份,三乙醇胺1份,羧乙基纤维素2份,阻燃剂氢氧化镁1份。
将各物料按比例加入到高速混合机中,80℃下混合8min,高速混合机转速为450rmp,然后将混合好的物料加入混炼型螺杆,使物料混炼塑化均匀,工艺控制如下:1区95℃,2区120℃,3区135℃,4区155℃,机头温度为165℃,螺杆转速为70rpm;最后将混炼塑化后的物料进入压延机辊筒采用蒸汽加热,加热至120℃,使物料进一步塑化均匀,然后冷却至室温,出料。
实施例2:
一种PE/三聚氰胺甲醛共混料,组分及各组分的质量分数如下:三聚氰胺甲醛50份,聚乙烯80份,滑石粉20份,氯化石蜡6份,偶氮二异丁氰6份,羧甲基纤维素钠8份,尿素4份,草酸2份,成膜助剂丙二醇丁醚5份,硬脂酸钡4份,三乙醇胺3份,羧乙基纤维素5份,阻燃剂氢氧化镁3份。
将各物料按比例加入到高速混合机中,80℃下混合8min,高速混合机转速为450rmp,然后将混合好的物料加入混炼型螺杆,使物料混炼塑化均匀,工艺控制如下:1区95℃,2区120℃,3区135℃,4区155℃,机头温度为165℃,螺杆转速为70rpm;最后将混炼塑化后的物料进入压延机辊筒采用蒸汽加热,加热至120℃,使物料进一步塑化均匀,然后冷却至室温,出料。
实施例3:
一种PE/三聚氰胺甲醛共混料,组分及各组分的质量分数如下:三聚氰胺甲醛38份,聚乙烯56份,滑石粉17份,氯化石蜡5份,偶氮二异丁氰3份,羧甲基纤维素钠4.7份,尿素1.9份,草酸1.2份,成膜助剂丙二醇丁醚2.5份,硬脂酸钡3份,三乙醇胺2.1份,羧乙基纤维素2.5份,阻燃剂氢氧化镁1.8份。
将各物料按比例加入到高速混合机中,80℃下混合8min,高速混合机转速为450rmp,然后将混合好的物料加入混炼型螺杆,使物料混炼塑化均匀,工艺控制如下:1区95℃,2区120℃,3区135℃,4区155℃,机头温度为165℃,螺杆转速为70rpm;最后将混炼塑化后的物料进入压延机辊筒采用蒸汽加热,加热至120℃,使物料进一步塑化均匀,然后冷却至室温,出料。
实施例4
一种PE/三聚氰胺甲醛共混料,组分及各组分的质量分数优选如下:三聚氰胺甲醛35份,聚乙烯50份,滑石粉12份,氯化石蜡3份,偶氮二异丁氰3份,羧甲基纤维素钠3份,尿素2份,草酸1份,成膜助剂丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯1份,硬脂酸铅1份,三乙醇胺1份,羧乙基纤维素2份,阻燃剂硼酸锌1份。
将各物料按比例加入到高速混合机中,80℃下混合8min,高速混合机转速为450rmp,然后将混合好的物料加入混炼型螺杆,使物料混炼塑化均匀,工艺控制如下:1区95℃,2区120℃,3区135℃,4区155℃,机头温度为165℃,螺杆转速为70rpm;最后将混炼塑化后的物料进入压延机辊筒采用蒸汽加热,加热至120℃,使物料进一步塑化均匀,然后冷却至室温,出料。
实施例5
一种PE/三聚氰胺甲醛共混料,组分及各组分的质量分数优选如下:三聚氰胺甲醛45份,聚乙烯70份,滑石粉18份,氯化石蜡5份,偶氮二异丁氰6份,羧甲基纤维素钠7份,尿素4份,草酸2份,成膜助剂丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯4份,硬脂酸铅2份,三乙醇胺2份,羧乙基纤维素3份,阻燃剂硼酸锌2份。
将各物料按比例加入到高速混合机中,80℃下混合8min,高速混合机转速为450rmp,然后将混合好的物料加入混炼型螺杆,使物料混炼塑化均匀,工艺控制如下:1区95℃,2区120℃,3区135℃,4区155℃,机头温度为165℃,螺杆转速为70rpm;最后将混炼塑化后的物料进入压延机辊筒采用蒸汽加热,加热至120℃,使物料进一步塑化均匀,然后冷却至室温,出料。
实施例6
一种PE/三聚氰胺甲醛共混料,组分及各组分的质量分数如下:三聚氰胺甲醛40份,聚乙烯60份,滑石粉16份,氯化石蜡4份,偶氮二异丁氰4.5份,羧甲基纤维素钠5份,尿素3份,草酸1.8份,成膜助剂丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯2.4份,硬脂酸铅1.6份,三乙醇胺1.2份,羧乙基纤维素2.3份,阻燃剂硼酸锌1.2份。
将各物料按比例加入到高速混合机中,80℃下混合8min,高速混合机转速为450rmp,然后将混合好的物料加入混炼型螺杆,使物料混炼塑化均匀,工艺控制如下:1区95℃,2区120℃,3区135℃,4区155℃,机头温度为165℃,螺杆转速为70rpm;最后将混炼塑化后的物料进入压延机辊筒采用蒸汽加热,加热至120℃,使物料进一步塑化均匀,然后冷却至室温,出料。
对实施例1~6制备得到的PE/三聚氰胺甲醛共混料进行性能测试,测试标准分别为:密度GB1033-70,吸水率GB1034-70,拉伸强度GB1040-79,弯曲强度GB1042-79,热变形温度GB1643-79。测试结果见表1。
表1:
密度/(g/cm3) | 吸水率/% | 拉伸强度/MPa | 弯曲强度/MPa | 热变形温度/℃ | |
实施例1 | 1.33 | 1.53 | 75 | 88 | 99 |
实施例2 | 1.30 | 1.49 | 73 | 89 | 103 |
实施例3 | 1.37 | 1.51 | 76 | 92 | 105 |
实施例4 | 1.42 | 1.68 | 89 | 94 | 112 |
实施例5 | 1.39 | 1.72 | 86 | 99 | 116 |
实施例6 | 1.43 | 1.83 | 94 | 106 | 135 |
Claims (8)
1.一种PE/三聚氰胺甲醛共混料,其特征在于组分及各组分的质量分数如下:三聚氰胺甲醛30~50份,聚乙烯40~80份,滑石粉10~20份,氯化石蜡2~6份,偶氮二异丁腈1~6份,羧甲基纤维素钠2~8份,尿素1~4份,草酸1~2份,成膜助剂1~5份,硬脂酸盐1~4份,三乙醇胺1~3份,羧乙基纤维素2~5份,阻燃剂1~3份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的PE/三聚氰胺甲醛共混料,其特征在于:所述硬脂酸盐为硬脂酸钡或者硬脂酸铅。
3.根据权利要求1所述的PE/三聚氰胺甲醛共混料,其特征在于:所述成膜助剂为丙二醇丁醚或者丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯。
4.根据权利要求1所述的PE/三聚氰胺甲醛共混料,其特征在于:所述阻燃剂为氢氧化镁或者硼酸锌。
5.根据权利要求1所述的PE/三聚氰胺甲醛共混料,其特征在于:组分及各组分的质量分数如下:三聚氰胺甲醛35~45份,聚乙烯50~70份,滑石粉12~18份,氯化石蜡3~5份,偶氮二异丁腈3~6份,羧甲基纤维素钠3~7份,尿素2~4份,草酸1~2份,成膜助剂1~4份,硬脂酸盐1~2份,三乙醇胺1~2份,羧乙基纤维素2~3份,阻燃剂1~2份。
6.根据权利要求5所述的PE/三聚氰胺甲醛共混料,其特征在于:组分及各组分的质量分数如下:三聚氰胺甲醛40份,聚乙烯60份,滑石粉16份,氯化石蜡4份,偶氮二异丁腈4.5份,羧甲基纤维素钠5份,尿素3份,草酸1.8份,成膜助剂2.4份,硬脂酸盐1.6份,三乙醇胺1.2份,羧乙基纤维素2.3份,阻燃剂1.2份。
7.权利要求1~6中任意一项所述PE/三聚氰胺甲醛共混料的制备方法,其特征在于:将各物料按比例加入到高速混合机中,70~85℃下混合5~10min,高速混合机转速为400~500rmp,然后将混合好的物料加入混炼型螺杆,使物料混炼塑化均匀,工艺控制如下:1区85~100℃,2区115~130℃,3区130~140℃,4区150~160℃,机头温度为160~170℃,螺杆转速为50~80rpm;最后将混炼塑化后的物料进入压延机辊筒采用蒸汽加热,加热至110~130℃,使物料进一步塑化均匀,然后冷却至室温,出料。
8.根据权利要求7所述PE/三聚氰胺甲醛共混料的制备方法,其特征在于:混炼型螺杆工艺控制如下:1区95℃,2区120℃,3区135℃,4区155℃,机头温度为165℃,螺杆转速为70rpm。
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