CN1042891C

CN1042891C - Method and arrangement of safety store of seeds

Info

Publication number: CN1042891C
Application number: CN92100935A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王惠民; 刘志勤; 王智慧
Original assignee: 王惠民
Priority date: 1992-02-22
Filing date: 1992-02-22
Publication date: 1999-04-14
Anticipated expiration: 2007-02-22
Also published as: CN1075605A

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method and a facility for safe seed storage, which belongs to the technical field of the storage of agricultural products. In the present invention, the principle of thermos bottles is used for the sealing and the heat insulation of a warehouse by expanded perlite and a polyester film with high light transmittance; a temperature lowering dryer or a cold air machine and a waste heat utilizing device are used for drying and cooling air in the warehouse; the air machine is used for reducing the temperature and the humidity of dense seed stacks. Consequently, the economic benefit obtained is superior to the economic benefit of freezing storage while little energy is consumed, and few expenses are used, and the present invention is also suitable for the safe storage of seeds of grains, melons, vegetables and other farm crops.

Description

The method and apparatus of seed safety storage

The invention belongs to the agricultural storage technical field.

External seed charges into gas storage or sealing in addition and adds the desiccant storage except that low-temperature storage after the sealing.

Domestic most of local adopt airing or oven dry, oven dry is many to be carried out after results, and storing has the oven dry measure of using seldom again.The unit that has packs seed into and stores in the plastic film bag.The unit that also has uses dehumidifier as auxiliary store means.Low-temperature storage is built freezer cost height, and seed moisture content can not reduce in the storage process, sometimes also need to increase and shine and drying, otherwise shortened storage life, particularly southern high-temperature high humidity area rapidly with the condensation of ambient air moisture content, coats seed after the cold seed outbound, cause seed suction in a large number at short notice, make germination percentage with speed decline faster.The leaving air temp of dehumidifier is higher than the storage condition temperature more than 10 ℃, seed is tided over high temperature summer, cause the vitality forfeiture, seed is sealed in metal or the nonmetallic vessel, charge into inert gas or pack the desiccant storage into, be applicable to and preserve little variety source, the seed of vegetables and fruits of quantity, be not suitable for the seminivorous safety of the disaster relief provisions of preparing against natural disasters in a large number and store.

The objective of the invention is to find out and a kind ofly utilize existing warehouse, not freezing, not airing, do not dry, low investment, low energy consumption, realize the safe storage technology of grain, melon dish and other crop seeds at low cost.

Characteristics of the present invention are to adopt fast, low cost, no brick, anhydrous and cement simple and easy construction---ceiling bracing wire net seals double-deck canopy film, metope covers moistureproof trapping film, the back is with the fixing vegetable fibre board of batten, film, fill between the plate with expanded perlite, window add one deck glass again in the polyester film sealing of external application high transmission rate heat insulation, make the warehouse reach the vacuum flask principle, add residual heat using device with cooling and drying machine or air-cooler on this basis and constantly make in the storehouse air cool off (condensed water comes outside the storehouse), make this gas constantly make the interior temperature of heap with blower fan simultaneously by the intensive seed heap that is placed on the brick pendulum Ventilated bed, humidity, seed moisture content decline (controlling these parameters automatically), circulation repeatedly, the result can be with the energy consumption of pettiness, higher temperature (about 20 ℃), lower expense reaches even surpasses the good technique of stored frozen, economy, obvious social benefit.

Fig. 1 is a facility schematic diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is seed bar heap ventilation installation front view.

Fig. 3 is seed bar heap ventilation installation vertical view.

Fig. 4 is seed bar heap ventilation installation lateral view.

Describe content of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.Seed storage is in sealing, heat insulation, cold insulation, trapping, in the storehouse 19 of damp proof insulation, packed seed bar heap 7 is deposited on the brick pendulum Ventilated bed, leave air compartment 6 in the middle of the bar heap, the sealing of air compartment one end, axial flow blower 4 communicates with air compartment 6 through pipeline 5, the inlet scoop of the thin Tie Tong of four-way wind switch room 3 one side joint blower fans 4, a relative side communicates with storehouse 19 when ventilation plate 9 is opened, all the other both sides are at ventilation plate 8, be communicated with dry and cold tracheae 2 and pipe 11 respectively during 10 unlatchings, pipe 11 leads to outdoor condenser chamber 20 by valve 13, dry and cold tracheae 2 tops link to each other with the dry and cold gas diffuser 21 of semicircle, the connecting piece of air outlet and diffuser 21 and dry and cold tracheae 2 constitute threeway on the indoor air-cooler 1, reserve weep hole 22 on the wall.Open two ventilation holes for one jiao of storehouse with

insulation door

12,13, an outdoor condenser chamber 20 is built in its outside, with partition wall 18 it is partitioned into two Room, front and back,

chamber door

16,17 before and after installing respectively, outdoor condenser 15 is installed in partition wall 18 bottoms, and the binding copper pipe of indoor set and off-premises station interconnects by preformed hole 14.

Embodiment 1. is at the initial stage that the seed warehouse-in that stores stores, and at this moment the humidity that need remove higher seed moisture content and Ku Nei with fast speeds can open

insulation door

12,13 and close chamber, front and

back door

16,17, and air-cooler 1 and axial flow blower 4 are worked simultaneously.The blower fan that is rotated in the forward sucks air (gas gate 23,10 unlatchings this moment by switch room 3, pipe 11, valve 13, condenser 15 and valve 12 in storehouse, 9,8 close), through condenser 15 time, be heated, enter blower fan after manage 5 and air compartment 6, and by recycling behind all seeds evaporation seed moisture content of seed heap 7; Meanwhile, the moisture laden air process evaporimeter cooling that air-cooler also constantly sucks in the storehouse is lower than dew point, and the moisture back that is condensed is concentrated by weep hole 22 and discharged outside the storehouses.Through the continuous space of semicircle gaseous diffuser row in the storehouse of the dried cold air body that dewaters of cooling from connecting with last air outlet, after suck the air-cooler cooling again and dewater, discharge by gaseous diffuser 21 again.

Should be noted that, the seed initial stage stores with in the fast speeds precipitation dehumidification process, resulting heat is that the used heat of condenser is recovered utilization (the every degree electricity of resistance heated converts heat energy fully to only 860 kilocalories, but and more than this way heat production 2000 kilocalories) and the indoor set refrigeration is used for air simultaneously except that water for cooling, thing partly helps doubly, efficient energy-saving.

After embodiment 2. enters the high-temperature high humidity season normal storage,

close insulation door

12,13;

Open chamber

16,17, off-premises station front and back;

Close gas gate

23,9,10 and open 8, the dried cold air body that dewaters through air-cooler cooling through manage 2 and switch room 3 enter the blower fan inlet scoop, again through manage 5 and air compartment 6 by all seeds, reach and respectively blow side out from upper and lower, the front, rear, left and right of packed seed bar heap, meanwhile the relative air of air between seed moisture content, heat and heap inner pore is reduced; Being inhaled into air-cooler after tide, hot gas are discharged reduces temperature, removes moisture content and circulate repeatedly through aforementioned route again; Systemic heat then spills into the atmosphere from off-premises station (condenser 15) evaporimeter from the storehouse in the process of refrigerastion, on the condenser 15 exhaust fan is housed, and air is entered by cup door 16, through the condenser tube interchange of heat from after chamber door 17 enter atmosphere.

The seed bar pile 7 internal layers such as grade and outside interlayer when having the gradient of temperature and water content to need balance, then can carry out the interior of ecto-entad to circulation.Need the blower fan counter-rotating for this reason, to manage the gate 23 that 2 tops communicate with semicircle gaseous diffuser then and open that (air outlet is to the connection of the box section threeway between the semicircle gaseous diffuser on pipe 2 and the air-cooler, lead to diffuser gate 23 is arranged), plate 8 closes 9 and opens, dried cold air body through lowering the temperature, dewatering is discharged from gaseous diffuser 21 at this moment, and the outer each side from the seed heap enters center air compartment 6, pipe 5, blower fan 4, switch room 3 discharges again, enter air-cooler 1 cooling again and dewater, circulation endlessly.

Embodiment 3. puts the storage water content in storage about 13% when the seed initial stage, need be with fast speeds precipitation, and storehouse external environment relative air humidity is lower than 60%, then can stop air-cooler 1,

close plate

8,9, open 10 and 13,17 and the machine forward work (opening the window of storehouse simultaneously) of blowing in, this moment natural dry air from door 17 and valve 13 through manage 11, switch room 3, blower fan 4, pipe 5, air compartment 6, seed heap 7 constantly discharge from the storehouse window.

Embodiment 4. is in late fall, early winter, and (than low about 10 ℃ of storehouse temperature) then can be the above-mentioned cooling (can be interrupted and carry out) that utilizes natural low temperature to carry out seed heap and storehouse when outer temperature was low.

At halcyon days, can utilize very low temperature in winter, be aforementioned process, natural cold quantity is stored in seed heap and the storehouse, delay start and store the date, reach energy-conservation, utilize low temperature to kill as far as possible grain worm and worm's ovum simultaneously.

Embodiment 5. need prevent and treat storehouse worm and grain worm before high-temperature high humidity season arrives.Answer for this reason:

1.

close plate

8,10 and open 9;

2. the blower fan junction box is sealed with wax;

3. throw aluminum phosphide tablet in accordance with regulations and storehouse is sealed;

4. from reserving weep hole 22 the gutter outer end is drawn in the storehouse, and from then on CO is stretched in the hole ₂The delivery pipe end; Pipe top and CO ₂The pressure regulator valve pressure meter of steel cylinder links to each other.Every 150-25OM ³The interior 1 bottle of CO of seed heap warehouse-in ₂. (25KG closes gas 12.5H ³).

5. remote control was started the blower fan reverse rotation 2～3 hours outside the storehouse, was rotated in the forward 2～3 hours again in 8～10 hours at interval.Finish stifling before every day operate according to above-mentioned steps.

Charge into (CO ₂Can weaken and shut down that refrigeration is stifling controls seed respiratory intensity during the worm.Prevent decaying of vitality, solve the growth of insects simultaneously the medicine resistance ability of phosphine gas because of heating up.

The present invention is stored at storehouse peripheral hardware instrument, switch board to seed safety, and a series of important parameters in the storehouse are controlled automatically and detected automatically.

Embodiment 6.The present invention is for using common existing warehouse to carry out safe storage, carrying out no brick, cement-free, no mortar, quick, simple and easy, the heat insulation construction of low cost:

Draw double-deck holder net at ceiling with 12#～8# iron wire, the iron wire spacing adds the thick PEF film of two-layer 0.1mm (two-layer ceiling spacing 150～250mm) for 1 meter, periphery connects fixing with metope film top, form the heat insulation ceiling of double-layer seal (be not subjected to solar radiation, wind-engaging does not blow and is in calm static state all the time and can uses for many years).

Metope attaches one deck damp proof insulation, trapping PEF film, uses 30 * 30mm batten (1 meter of spacing) that vegetable fibre board is fixed on the wall then; Fill with the dried sawdust (wood chip) mixed with 5% lime between damp proof insulation trapping film and fiberboard or fill with expanded perlite; Fiberboard seam crossing film rubber belt sealing.

Door and window same principle heat insulation (summary).Polyester film with high transmission rate is used for storehouse window ectonexine heat-insulating and sealing.

Embodiment 7. packed seeds are piled high 13 layers, the intensive seed bar that wide height equates is stacked on the brick Ventilated bed 25, blower fan 4 sucks dried by the cooling and drying machine 24 of low energy consumption, the cold air body through manage 2 enter air compartment 6 diffuse through seed bar heap on, down, a left side, right, before, back and each side direction blow out from all directions, in this simultaneously with seed moisture content, the relative humidity reduction of air between the seed hole in heat and the heap, after blowing out, hectic fever gas is inhaled into cooling and drying machine 24, be blown into air compartment 6 through blower fan 4 again, this reduces moisture content again by all seeds, heat and temperature, circulation so repeatedly.

Advantage of the present invention and good effect.

The one, satisfy the needed elite seed of agricultural produce;

The 2nd, carrying out seed stock has enough preparing against natural disasters to combat a natural disaster the ability of getting harvest;

The 3rd, the variety source of adding generation should be able to effectively store, and reduces complicated high cost production of hybrid seeds number of times.

The present invention has started the brand-new wide path of agricultural seed deposit of building socialism with Chinese characteristics--no civil engineering, not freezing, not airing, do not dry, low investment, low energy consumption, low expense (0.2～0.5 yuan per jin of stored frozen, 1 minute to 3 minutes per jin of the present invention) next year safe storage keep seed vitality and do not decay.

Claims

1, a kind of method of seed safety storage, it is characterized in that seed storage in the warehouse is taked to seal, the measure of heat insulation, cold insulation, trapping, damp proof insulation, on the ventilation stack that the seed of gunnysack dress is deposited in, leave the air channel in pushing away, ventilation stack air-supply in the seed heap, add waste heat with cooling and drying, cold wind, make that air cools off in the storehouse, the gas that circulates descends seed temperature, humidity, water content.

2, a kind of storage equipment that realizes claim 1, it is characterized in that in the storehouse 19, packed seed bar heap 7 is accumulated on the brick pendulum Ventilated bed, leave air compartment 6 in the middle of the bar heap, the sealing of air compartment one end, axial flow blower 4 communicates with air compartment 6 through pipeline 5, the blowing mouth of the thin wind switch room 3-of the Tie Tong side joint blower fan 4 of four-way, a relative side communicates with storehouse 19 when ventilation plate 9 is opened, all the other both sides are at ventilation plate 8, connect with dry and cold tracheae 2 and pipe 11 respectively during 10 unlatchings, pipe 11 leads to outdoor condenser chamber 20 by valve 13, dry and cold tracheae 2 tops link to each other with the dry and cold gas diffuser 21 of semicircle, and the junction pipe of air outlet and diffuser 21 and dry and cold tracheae constitute threeway on the indoor air-cooler 1, reserve weep hole 22 on the wall, open two and have insulation door 12 for one jiao of storehouse, 13 ventilation hole, an outdoor condenser chamber 20 is built in its outside, two Room before and after being partitioned into partition wall 18, chamber door 16 before and after installing respectively, 17, off-premises station 15 is installed in partition wall 18 bottoms, and indoor set and off-premises station interconnect with copper pipe 14.

3, by the described storage equipment of claim 2, it is characterized in that packed seed piles high 13 layers, the intensive seed bar that wide height equates is stacked on the brick Ventilated bed 25, blower fan 4 sucks dried by the cooling and drying machine 24 of low energy consumption, the cold air body through manage 2 enter air compartment 6 diffuse through seed bar heap on, down, a left side, right, front and back and each side direction blow out from all directions, in this simultaneously with seed moisture content, the relative humidity reduction of air between the seed hole in heat and the heap, after blowing out, hectic fever gas is inhaled into cooling and drying machine 24, be blown into air compartment 6 through blower fan 4 again, reduce moisture content once more by all seeds, heat and temperature, circulation so repeatedly.