CN115568378A - Tremella bag cultivation production technology system - Google Patents

Tremella bag cultivation production technology system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115568378A
CN115568378A CN202211298278.2A CN202211298278A CN115568378A CN 115568378 A CN115568378 A CN 115568378A CN 202211298278 A CN202211298278 A CN 202211298278A CN 115568378 A CN115568378 A CN 115568378A
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tremella
drying
layer
layers
cultivation
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不公告发明人
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Gutian County Edible Mushroom Industry Development Center
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Gutian County Edible Mushroom Industry Development Center
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A01G18/30—Accessories for use before inoculation of spawn, e.g. sterilisers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A01G18/40—Cultivation of spawn
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
    • A01G18/62—Racks; Trays
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
    • A01G18/64—Cultivation containers; Lids therefor
    • A01G18/66—Cultivation bags
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
    • A01G18/69—Arrangements for managing the environment, e.g. sprinklers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
    • A23B7/02—Dehydrating; Subsequent reconstitution
    • A23B7/0205—Dehydrating; Subsequent reconstitution by contact of the material with fluids, e.g. drying gas or extracting liquids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
    • A23B7/04—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a tremella bag cultivation production technology system, which comprises the following steps: 1. the method comprises the steps of building a cultivation base, building a tremella bag cultivation seasonal cultivation facility, building a tremella bag cultivation industrialized cultivation facility, producing strains, producing tremella fungus sticks, cultivating and managing, harvesting, cleaning, drying tremella, and storing fresh tremella, and forms a complete set of perfect tremella bag cultivation production technology system.

Description

Tremella bag cultivation production technology system
Technical Field
The invention relates to a tremella bag cultivation production technology system.
Background
Tremella fuciformis grows naturally in nature, is rare and expensive, and is difficult to enter dining tables of common people, so that people begin to research artificial cultivation and processing methods of tremella fuciformis, improve yield and quality, and supply to markets. Before, the artificial white fungus cultivation mode is basswood and bottle cultivation, but the artificial white fungus cultivation mode is old, and the method has defects, so that the old white fungus production method needs to be reformed and innovated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-yield and high-quality tremella cultivation technical system, namely a tremella bag cultivation production technical system. The invention aims to realize the following technical scheme that the whole set of technical system for the tremella bag cultivation production comprises the following steps:
1. the construction of the cultivation base comprises the methods of site selection of the base, matching of water application, electricity, circuit and the like.
2. The construction of the bag cultivation seasonal white fungus cultivation facilities comprises a hypha cultivation room, the specification of a fruiting room, building materials, walls, cultivation frames, doors and windows, channels, a roof slope and other construction methods.
3. An industrial tremella bag cultivation facility comprises a inoculation room, a hypha cultivation room, a fruiting room specification, building materials, walls, cultivation shelves, doors and windows, a channel, a roof slope and other construction methods.
4. The strain production comprises the steps of preparing culture mediums of a first-level strain (mother strain), a second-level strain (stock strain) and a third-level strain (cultivated strain), separating strains, culturing and screening.
5. The production technology of the tremella fungus stick comprises the construction methods of site selection of factories, hydroelectric facilities, fire fighting, production equipment and facilities, shipping facilities, steam boilers, sterilization equipment, cooling and the like.
6. Cultivation management, including temperature, humidity and ventilation management technology of tremella at different stages.
7. Harvesting, including harvesting methods and times.
8. Cleaning field, including post-fungus stick treatment, mushroom house cleaning and the like
9. The tremella drying technology comprises the following steps: comprises production water, plant construction, heat source equipment steam boilers, a drying chamber, a drying sieve, sterilization equipment facilities, and the temperature and the operation method of each stage of drying whole-flower tremella, whole-flower small tremella and ugly tremella (tremella globiformis).
10. The fresh tremella product storage technology comprises the following steps: comprises fresh tremella processing, precooling, transporting and preserving technologies and time.
The invention relates to a tremella bag cultivation production technology, which is characterized in that a special plastic film bag for tremella of standard scale replaces basswood and a bottle to be used as a container for cultivating tremella, cottonseed hulls, soybean stalk powder, tremella suitable tree species wood flour, lotus seed hulls, corn pistils, peony hulls, traditional Chinese medicinal materials and the like are used as raw materials for producing tremella according to a certain formula; the invention discloses a method for producing tremella strain by a mixing method and an in-medium separation method; the invention relates to a tremella bag cultivation seasonal cultivation and factory cultivation facility, namely a tremella standardized production mushroom shed (room); the invention discloses a full-automatic production line of tremella sticks, a complete management technology system for tremella fruiting, a complete drying technology of steam and hot air of a tremella boiler, a fresh tremella product storage and preservation technology, and 3 tremella strains and a conifer strain matched with the tremella strains are determined to be cultivated in a matching manner. The invention constructs through base, production facility (hypha culture room, cultivation house (shed), drying plant, fungus stick production line) etc., choose Tr01, tr21, 9901, embroider silver No. 1 and other excellent tremella fungus strain to produce the functional strain of tremella according to the invention's concrete strain production technology, according to the invention's formulation and fungus stick preparation method, make the fungus stick of tremella, plant and gather the tremella through the cultivation management method, dry or fresh goods are preserved after gathering, form a whole set of perfect bag-planting production technology systems of tremella. The invention relates to a tremella bag cultivation production technology system which is a domestic and world-originated production technology system. The tremella bag cultivation production technology system is used in practice, and proves that the tremella bag cultivation production technology system can achieve the high-yield and high-quality production effect of tremella, and has the advantages of being short in period, rich in raw material resources, high in yield, good in ecological, economic and social benefits, low in cost and high in yield compared with bottle cultivation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a two-layer material rod rack structure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a three-layer material bar rack;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a division plate structure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a multi-layer material bar rack;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of a material bar basket structure.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated, but not limited, by the following specific examples.
The specific implementation mode of the invention is as follows:
1. construction of cultivation base
The site selection method comprises the following steps:
the method selects breeding places with convenient traffic, sufficient water source, no chemical pollution source within 5 km around, no industrial waste within 1 km, no dust sources such as markets, cement plants, lime plants, wood processing plants and the like within 100 m, and no pest breeding places such as poultry houses, garbage dumps, dead water ponds and the like which harm the growth of edible fungi within 100 m.
The air quality meets the total suspended particulate matter (standard state), and the daily average is less than or equal to 0.3mg/m 3 Sulfur dioxide (standard state), daily average less than or equal to 0.25mg/m 3 Average fluoride (standard state) for 1h, daily average is less than or equal to 7ug/m 3
The indexes of the process water are detected according to the following method, the pH value is detected according to the HJII47 test method, the total mercury is between 5.5 and 8.5, the total mercury is less than or equal to 0.001 mg/L according to the HJ694 test method, the total cadmium is less than or equal to 0.005 mg/L according to the HJ700 test method, the total arsenic is less than or equal to 0.05 mg/L according to the HJ694 test method, the total lead is less than or equal to 0.1 mg/L according to the HJ700 test method, the hexavalent chromium is less than or equal to 0.1 mg/L, the fluoride is more than or equal to 0.1 mg/L, the GB/T7484 is less than or equal to 2.0 mg/L, and the chemical oxygen demand (COD/L) is 5.5 to 8.5 ｃｒ ) The number of carbon atoms per molecule (HJ 828 is less than or equal to 60 mg/L), the number of petroleum, the number of carbon atoms per molecule (HJ 970 is less than or equal to 1.0 mg/L), the number of faecal coliform bacteria (MPN/L SL is less than or equal to 10000).
Method for constructing supporting facilities of base station (II)
1. Road: the road with the unified planning has the trunk road width of more than 4m, and cement or other hard materials are paved.
2. Water and electricity facilities: the hydropower facilities are matched according to the production scale, and the electric facilities are designed and constructed uniformly by an electric power department according to electric power specifications; water facilities are designed according to local conditions and are scientifically constructed.
3. Fire-fighting equipment: and constructing fire fighting equipment such as fire fighting channels, fire hydrants or fire reservoirs, fire extinguishers and the like matched with the base according to the scale of the base. Flood control and drainage facilities are built inside and outside the base according to the landform and the landform.
4. A refrigerator: and a product refrigerator matched with the production scale is built in the base.
5. Managing a room: a management room and a storage room are built in the base, and are effectively isolated from a hypha culture room and a cultivation room.
2. Ear bag cultivation seasonal cultivation facility construction
Hypha culture room
Indoor drying, heat preservation and ventilation are carried out, and the area of each room is 30 m 2 ～40 m 2 And the height is 2.5-3 m. The door and window is provided with a 60-80 mesh insect-proof net.
(II) cultivation house
1. Brick and tile cultivation room
The brick and tile cultivation house consists of walls, a ceiling, windows, doors, a channel, a roof, a buffer channel, a temperature adjusting facility and a cultivation bed frame. The length of the mushroom house is 10 m to 12 m, the width of the mushroom house of one channel is 3.3 m, and the height of the mushroom house of one channel is 3.5 m to 4 m; the mushroom house with two channels is 4.4 m wide and 3.5-4 m high.
Wall: consists of three layers. The thickness of the brick wall on the outer layer is 24 cm (the thickness of the earth wall is 40cm, and the thickness of the hollow brick wall is 20 cm), the foam board with the thickness of 3 cm-5 cm is firstly lined on the wall on the middle layer, and the plastic film is lined on the inner layer.
Ceiling board: the rat-proof wire netting and the heat insulation layer are arranged, and 2-3 skylight windows which can be opened and closed and are 80cm multiplied by 80cm are arranged above the channel.
Windows and doors:
cultivation room of a passageway: 1 door, the front opens 1 door, the door installs 1 exhaust fan or 1 window above, open 1 window behind; the cultivation rooms with two channels are respectively provided with 2 doors, and the front and the back of the cultivation rooms are respectively provided with 2 windows or exhaust fans. 60-80 meshes of insect-proof net should be installed on the window and door.
A channel:
the width of the channel is 1.1 m, and 2 small electric fans and 2 energy-saving lamps are arranged right above the channel at equal intervals.
Roof:
the inclination is 30-45 degrees, and the cover is covered by a color steel plate, a tile or a cement tile.
Buffering way:
the width of the buffer road is 2 m, a 60-80 mesh insect-proof net is arranged, and an insect-killing lamp is arranged above the buffer road.
Temperature adjusting facilities:
the underground fire tunnel is composed of a fire hole, a fire chamber, a fire smoke hidden channel and a chimney. The fire burning port is arranged at the outer wall foot of the mushroom house door, and the height of the fire burning port is 40cm, and the width of the fire burning port is 20cm; the diameter of the firing chamber is 80 cm; the fire smoke dark channel is 48 cm high and 15cm wide; the chimney is higher than the mushroom growing roof by more than 50 cm, and the inner diameter of the chimney is 16 cm-18 cm. Or other temperature regulating means.
Standard of culture rack: built by angle steel, wood or bamboo poles, etc. Two rows of cultivation bed frames are arranged in the mushroom house with one channel, and the frame width is 1.1 m; three rows of cultivation shelves are arranged in the mushroom house with two channels, the width of the shelves at two sides is 55 cm, and the width of the shelf at the middle is 1.1 m. Based on the height of the cultivation room, the bed is 3.0 m-3.3 m high and is divided into 10 layers-12 layers, the layer distance is 27 cm-30 cm, and 4 battens or bamboo poles and other materials are longitudinally arranged on the bed surface.
2. Sandwich color steel plate mushroom shed
The major structure adopts the construction of inner and outer sheds. And (3) external shed standard: the shoulder height is not less than 5 meters, the top height is not less than 6.5 meters, the span of a single ridge is 17 meters (the front and back channels of the mushroom shed and the reserved positions for placing equipment), and the length is determined according to the terrain. The upright post is made of I-shaped steel or hot-dip galvanized steel pipe, the outer diameter of the round pipe of the upright post is not less than 114mm, the wall thickness of the round pipe of the upright post is not less than 2.5mm, and the column distance is not more than 6 m. The roof truss main beam is made of 2-inch round pipes and 40 steel angles (hot-dip galvanized steel pipes), purline C-shaped steel is 100 mm multiplied by 35 mm multiplied by 1.2 mm, and the roof is insulated by adopting color steel plates, resin tiles and extruded sheets or pearl wool.
And (4) internal shed standard: the shoulder height is more than 4.5 meters, the width is about 4.5 meters, the length is about 12 meters, and the area of the inner shed is not less than 54 square meters; the sandwich board requires: the density of the double-sided 0376 color steel plate or the aluminum plate or the sandwich is more than 25 kg, and the B1 level is more than the flame retardant material. Standard of culture rack: is made of new materials such as plastic-coated steel bars and the like. The layers are divided into 14 to 15 layers, and each layer is 27 to 30 cm high.
3. Bag cultivation factory facility for tremella
(one) inoculation room
The inoculation room comprises a dressing room, a wind showering buffer area, a cooling area, an area to be inoculated, an inoculation operation area and a carrying channel. The cleanliness of the inoculation room can reach ten thousand grades, and the cleanliness of an inoculation operation area can reach hundred grades. And a professional design and construction unit is selected for the construction of the inoculation room according to the production scale.
(II) hypha culture room
A hypha culture room: adopts the technical proposal that the heat preservation and insulation performance is good and the combustion performance grade is B 1 Materials above grade. The scale is matched with daily production scale and growth cycle, and the hypha culture room is 10.0-12.0 m long, 6.0-8.0 m wide and 5.0-5.5 m high. The ground is paved by hard materials, and the ground is smooth. Each hypha culture room is provided with a door with the width of 3.0 m and the height of 2.5 m.
And a combined air conditioning unit and a humidifier are arranged according to the requirements of the mycelium culture room on volume, storage capacity and mycelium growth environment. An outer shed is built above the hypha culture room by adopting a color steel plate or a resin tile, and the outer shed is higher than the roof by more than 0.5 m.
(III) cultivation house
The sandwich color steel plate mushroom shed with the flame retardant rating of B1 is 12.0-15.0 m long, 4.5-5.0 m wide and 5.5-6.0 m high. Each cultivation room is provided with two channels, and 3-4 explosion-proof energy-saving lamps or LED lamps of 30 w-40 w are installed at the ceiling above the channels. Each channel is provided with a door with the height of 2.0 m and the width of 0.8m to 1.0 m. The cultivation room is directly communicated with the outside, and the walkways, doors, windows and ventilation openings are provided with insect prevention facilities such as screen doors, screen windows or insect prevention nets. The cultivation frame is built by stainless steel or plastic steel, and is suitable for bearing the weight of the tremella fungus sticks. Three rows of cultivation frames are arranged in each cultivation room, the width of the frames close to two sides of a wall is 55 cm, the width of the middle frame is 110 cm, the distance between every two layers is 26.5 cm, and the distance between the frame surface at the bottommost layer and the ground is 40cm. Two steel bars are longitudinally laid on each layer at the interval of 12 cm.
And installing a combined air conditioning unit, a humidifier and an intelligent environment control system according to the volume and the storage capacity of the cultivation room. An outer shed is built above the cultivation room and is preferably built by adopting color steel plates or resin tiles, and the outer shed is higher than the roof by more than 0.5 m.
4. Strain production
The tremella fuciformis strain is selected from Tr01, tr21 and 9901, silver embroidered No. 1 and other excellent tremella fuciformis strains, the age of the cultivated species is selected from 5 to 12 days, a plurality of white hairballs are arranged on the surface of a culture medium, the white hairballs are white, and hyphae are thin, dense and robust; the incense ash hypha grows forcefully, uniformly and regularly, can secrete melanin, and has black patterns on the bottle wall.
First-stage preparation method
1. Culture medium preparation method
(1) The preparation formula of the PDA culture medium comprises the following steps: 200g of potato (using extract juice), 20g of glucose, 20g of agar and 1000ml of water, and the pH is natural. Preparing culture medium by conventional method, loading into test tube, sterilizing, and making into test tube slant.
(2) Preparation of wood chip culture medium
63-73% of tremella suitable tree wood dust, 35-25% of bran, 2% of gypsum powder, and the ratio of material to water is (1.3-1): 1.5. the culture medium is stirred evenly and bottled, the height of the material is 7 cm to 10 cm, the material is sterilized under high pressure, and the temperature is between 121 ℃ and 124 ℃ and is maintained for 2 hours.
And a production process
The mixed culture production process comprises the following steps:
selecting and culturing tremella fungus bags with the diameter of 7-8 cm, round and regular shape, white and thick ear, strong growth of incense ash hypha, uniform distribution of melanin on the surface of the culture material, and no plant diseases and insect pests, wherein the tremella fungus bags are cultured for about 28 days.
And (3) tremella hypha separation, namely cutting off tremella sporophore, taking out the substrate block, and cutting into hard blocks of about 1cm multiplied by 1cm as separation materials. Wrapping the substrate block with sterile gauze, placing the substrate block in a dryer filled with a drying agent for dehydration for 10 to 20 days, or placing the substrate block in a cool and ventilated place for air drying for about 30 daysAnd on the right, until the incense ash hyphae die. Under aseptic conditions, the separation material is cut open to an inner diameter of about 1 mm 3 The substrate blocks are placed on PDA inclined planes without water on the surface, 1 to 3 blocks are placed on each inclined plane, and the substrate blocks are cultured for 8 to 10 days at the temperature of 21 +/-2 ℃ after inoculation. Selecting strong and round test tube seeds of tremella colonies, and picking the edges of the colonies to be about 1.5 mm by using an inoculating needle under the aseptic condition 3 Transferring the hypha blocks onto PDA slant culture medium with no water on the surface, and culturing at 21 + -2 deg.C for 8-10 days. Under aseptic condition, hooking about 0.5 mm directly from the culture material of the tremella fungus bag far away from the substrate block 3 The mycelium blocks are cultured on a PDA slant culture medium without water on the surface for 7 to 10 days at the temperature of 21 +/-2 ℃. Under sterile conditions, pick the colony edge about 0.5 mm 3 And culturing the mycelium blocks on a PDA test tube slant culture medium without water accumulation on the surface at the temperature of 21 +/-2 ℃ for 7-10 days. Under the aseptic condition, respectively picking up tremella hypha blocks with the diameter of 5-7 mm and gray hypha blocks with the diameter of 2 mm to the central position of the surface of a culture medium of a strain bottle, ensuring that the two hypha blocks are contacted with each other, culturing for 30-35 days at the temperature of 21 +/-2 ℃, and selecting strains with uniform growth vigor of the gray hypha, fast material consumption, fast gelatinization of white hair clusters, early emergence of ears, round and straight flower shapes, good extension of ears and no pollution as first-class strains for later use.
The production process of the separation in the base comprises the following steps:
sterilizing the surface of the tremella fungus bag, cutting off sporophore, and sterilizing the surface of the fungus bag with 75% alcohol. Under aseptic condition, removing old hypha on the surface of the substrate block in the fungus bag with an inoculating knife, taking the substrate block at the middle and lower layers, and selecting about 0.5 mm 3 The substrate group is arranged in the center of the surface of the wood chip culture medium of the strain bottle. Culturing at 21 +/-2 deg.c for 30-35 days, and selecting the first-class bacterial strain with strong growth of ash hypha, homogeneous distribution, melanin secretion, fast gelatinization of white hair, early appearance, round and straight flower shape, good elongation of the hypha and no pollution.
(II) two-stage manufacturing method
A wood chip culture medium is adopted, and under the aseptic condition, tremella sporophore in the first-class seed bottle is cut off, and an aged mycelium layer on the surface of the culture medium is removed. Mashing the matrix mass with a seed mixing spatula. 0.2 g to 0.3 g of matrix block particles are taken by an inoculating spoon and inoculated into 50 bottles to 100 bottles of secondary seeds of each bottle of primary seeds at the central position of the surface of the sawdust culture medium in a strain bottle. Culturing at 21 +/-2 deg.c for 15-30 days, and selecting the second-class strain with strong growth, homogeneous distribution and melanin secretion of primordium, small ear and ash hypha.
(III) three-stage preparation method
Under the aseptic condition, the tremella sporophore in the second-level seed bottle is cut off, and the aged mycelium layer on the surface of the culture medium is removed. Mashing the matrix mass with a seed mixing spatula. 0.2 g to 0.3 g of matrix block particles are taken by an inoculation spoon and inoculated into each bottle of secondary seeds at the central position of the surface of the sawdust culture medium in a strain bottle to be expanded and inoculated into 50 bottles to 100 bottles of tertiary seeds. Culturing in a strain room at 21 + -2 deg.C in dark and fresh air for 7-12 days to obtain three-stage strain with strong and uniform incense ash hypha growth, melanin secretion, and white hair on the surface of the culture medium.
(IV) establishing production file of strain
1. And labeling the second and third-level strains according to the selling batch. The tag content should include: strain name, serial number, grade, production unit name and inoculation date.
(V) packaging the strain before transportation
Wrapping the first-stage and second-stage strains with clean cotton, covering with kraft paper, fastening with rubber band, and packaging in wooden box. The third-level strains are packaged according to first-level strains and second-level strains in principle, but the third-level strains with short distance and large quantity can be packaged by cartons, woven bags, basketries and the like.
5. Production technology of tremella fungus stick
Production site selection
And selecting a place with a wide terrain, convenient traffic and sufficient water source to construct a factory area. It is not suitable to select the areas where flood disasters easily occur and the potential places where a large number of insects propagate. The plant area is convenient to operate, functional areas such as a raw material area, a material mixing area, a material bar manufacturing area, a sterilization area, an inoculation area, a hypha culture area, a boiler area, an office area, a living area and the like are reasonably arranged on the principle, and the functional areas are obviously divided; concrete, asphalt or other hard materials are paved on roads in the factory; concrete, floor tiles or lawns are paved on the open ground to keep the environment clean and prevent dust from flying in normal weather; a drainage system is provided to prevent water accumulation; the plant area is suitable for greening and maintenance; the living area should be kept at a suitable distance from the production area.
(II) hydroelectric facility
The hydropower facilities are configured according to the standard that 10 ten thousand bars produced per day need 150 tons of water and 1 transformer with the rated capacity of 300KVA is provided. The hydropower facilities are designed and constructed uniformly according to the requirements of relevant departments and doors.
(III) fire fighting
The fire-fighting facilities in the factory are required to meet the requirements of corresponding standards, fire-fighting channels are arranged according to the scale of the factory, corresponding fire extinguishers are configured, and fire hydrants or fire-fighting water reservoirs are arranged according to water sources.
(IV) production facility and installation
1. Material rod manufacturing production line
The material bar manufacturing production line consists of a forklift, a material mixing machine, a conveyor belt (a magnet box is arranged above the conveyor belt), a distributor and a bagging machine. Qualified products produced by enterprises with production qualification should be selected.
2. Material rod rack
The material rod rack is used in the sterilizing and loading and transporting process of the tremella material rod. The material rod rack is made of stainless steel and other materials, and is provided with two layers, three layers or multiple layers, and the specification of the material rod rack is matched with a sterilization room or a sterilization facility. 2. The three-layer material rod rack can be specified as follows: the upper surface and the lower surface are respectively 90cm long and 70 cm wide; the left side and the right side are respectively 200 cm long (high) and 70 cm wide. 1-2 movable interlayers are arranged, interlayer plates are arranged as required, and the material rod rack is divided into 2-3 layers. The structure of the material rod rack is shown in figures 1 and 2. The insulation panel structure is shown in figure 3.
The multilayer material rod rack specification can be: the upper surface and the lower surface are respectively 100cm long and 90cm wide; the left side and the right side are respectively 210 cm long (high) and 90cm wide. 17-18 fixed spacers can be provided, the structure is shown in figure 4. The fixed interlayer is used for placing a material bar basket. The charging bar basket can be made of high-pressure and high-temperature resistant plastics. The structure of the charging basket is shown in figure 5.
(V) shipping facility
1. Transport cart
The material bar manufacturing production line is suitable for being provided with a suitable small-sized manual forklift or a suitable motor forklift.
2. Sinking type lane
The loading and transporting material rod is preferably in a sunken lane mode. A sinking type lane can be arranged on the outer side of the outlet channel of the sterilization room and the outer side of the hypha culture room. The width and the height of the lane are suitable for the convenient access, loading and unloading of the transport vehicle.
A movable guardrail with the height of 1 meter is arranged at the adjacent position of the channel edge and the sunken lane, and the guardrail is started when the lane is not used.
3. Electric hoist and hanger
The material loading and transporting rod adopts a mode of an electric hoist hanger. The hanger is arranged above the outlet of the sterilization facility. The remote control electric hoist is arranged on the hanging bracket. The hanger and the electric hoist are qualified products produced by qualified manufacturers.
4. Steam boiler
The selection of the type should be matched with the production scale. The steam boiler with the evaporation capacity of 4t/h can provide the sterilization requirement of 15 ten thousand feed rods produced per day.
5. Sterilization equipment facility
Adopts sterilizing equipment produced by qualified professional manufacturers or a normal-pressure sterilizing room designed and manufactured by professional personnel. The specification of the sterilization equipment is matched with other equipment such as a material rod rack, and the quantity of the sterilization equipment is matched with daily production scale. The normal-pressure sterilization room can be manufactured by using a steel plate with thickness of 1.0 cm-1.2 cm. The sterilization rooms can be built in a row, each sterilization room is provided with two doors which are opened in opposite directions, one door is an inlet, and the other door is an outlet. The outside of the door is provided with a channel, and the width of the channel and the width and the height of the door are in accordance with the convenience of the feeding rod rack.
6. Cooling room
Clean, dustproof and easy to dissipate heat.
7. Inoculation room
Good dustproof performance, smooth inner wall and roof, easy cleaning and disinfection, convenient ventilation and clean air.
8. Hypha culture room
The inner wall and the roof are smooth, so that the cleaning and the disinfection are convenient; the wall has proper thickness, is beneficial to controlling temperature and humidity and is convenient for gout; there are insect and rat proof measures.
9. Other tools
Is provided with tools and appliances for mixing materials, cleaning places, overhauling equipment and the like.
10. Process flow
Preparing raw materials according to a formula, uniformly stirring, filling the compost into a bag, binding a bag opening, punching, sealing the hole, filling the bag opening into a sterilization frame for sterilization, cooling a fungus stick, inoculating, culturing hyphae, and checking the quality.
11. Preparation of raw materials
The formula I is as follows: 82% -88% of cottonseed hulls, 16% -11% of bran, 2% -1% of gypsum powder and 55% -60% of water content.
And a second formula: 60% of wood dust, 23% of soybean stems, 15% of bran, 2% of gypsum powder and 55% -60% of water content.
And the formula III: the lotus seed shell and the tremella are suitable for replacing part or all of the cotton seeds in a formula of tree species such as wood titanic, peony shell and corn pistil, and other components are unchanged.
12. Mixing material
And (4) converting and weighing the using amount of various culture materials according to the formula, and uniformly stirring the culture materials.
13. Charging
The evenly stirred compost is conveyed to a bagging machine through a conveyer belt and a distributor.
14. Binding, punching and sealing the bag mouth
Adopts a full-automatic bagging machine, and automatically sleeves bags, feeds, binds bag openings, punches holes and seals the holes (sticking adhesive tapes).
The low-pressure polyethylene plastic bags with the specifications of 12-15 cm folded diameter, 53-55 cm long and 0.004 cm thick are adopted as culture materials, the dosage of each bag of dry culture materials is 0.6-0.75 kg, and the height of the filler is 45-47 cm. The uniformly stirred culture materials are conveyed to a bagging machine through a material distributor by a conveying belt, and the bagging machine automatically sleeves bags, feeds, binds bag openings, punches holes and seals the holes (pastes tapes). Each material rod is punched with 3-4 equidistant holes with the depth of 2cm, and the hole openings are sealed by the special edible fungus adhesive tapes with the specification of 3.3 multiplied by 3.3 (cm).
15. Rod handling
And (5) loading the material rods pasted with the adhesive tapes into a material rod rack, and transporting the material rods to a sterilization room by using a forklift.
16. And sterilizing
And (3) sterilizing by adopting normal-pressure steam, wherein the temperature in the sterilization pot reaches 100 ℃ within 4 h, timing when the temperature of all the material bags in the pot reaches 100 ℃, and maintaining the temperature at 100 ℃ for 8-10 h. After sterilization, the material bags are taken out while the material bags are hot and transported to an inoculation room which is disinfected, and the material bags are discharged in a 'well' shape, and each layer is provided with 4 bags.
17. Cooling down
And after the sterilization is finished, the material rods enter a cooling chamber for cooling, enter an inoculation chamber after cooling, enter a hypha culture chamber after inoculation, and leave the factory when the hypha culture is mature and qualified.
18. Inoculation of
Selecting qualified three-stage seeds for dressing within 12-24 h before inoculation. When the temperature in the material bag is reduced to below 28 ℃, the material bag, the inoculation tool and the like are sterilized. Adopting fumigation method to sterilize, the dosage of the medicament (5 g-10 g)/m 3 And sterilizing for 2-5 h. After disinfection, inoculation can be carried out for 4 hours, and strains inoculated into the holes are required to be 1 mm-2 mm lower than the hole openings. The inoculation amount of each hole is about 1.5 g, and 1 bottle of three-stage seeds can be inoculated with 110-120 holes. The inoculated fungus bags are stacked according to the shape of a Chinese character 'jing', each layer is 4-5 bags, and each layer is 10-12 layers.
19. Hypha culture
Inoculating 1-3 fungus bags, overlapping indoor fungus growing according to a shape like a Chinese character 'jing', protecting a cover of an inoculation port at 26-28 ℃, turning the bags to check mixed fungi after 4-8 days of inoculation, dredging the bags, adjusting heat dissipation, and keeping the temperature at 23-25 ℃. Culturing in dark place at room temperature not exceeding 30 deg.C.
6. Cultivation management
9-12 days after inoculation, sterilizing the cultivation room, cleaning and drying the bed frame, moving the fungus bags into the cultivation room to discharge the bags on the bed frame, wherein the distance between the bags is 3-4 cm, the temperature is controlled to be 22-25 ℃, and the humidity is controlled to be 75-80%; ventilating for 3-4 times every day, each time for 10 minutes, and keeping the insect-proof net closed at any time in the whole process of cultivation management to keep the inside and outside of a cultivation room clean; after 13-25 days of inoculation, cutting a film and expanding 1cm, covering non-woven fabrics, spraying water for humidification, keeping moist, controlling the temperature to be 22-25 ℃, controlling the humidity to be 90-95%, ventilating for 3-4 times every day, and each time for 30 minutes; after 20-30 days of inoculation, the covering is taken out, dried in the sun and covered, water is sprayed for moisturizing, the temperature is controlled to be 20-24 ℃, the humidity is 90-95%, ventilation is carried out for 3-4 times every day, and each time is 20-80 min; taking out the covering after 30-40 days of inoculation, spraying water to preserve moisture, controlling the temperature to be 22-25 ℃, the humidity to be 90-95%, ventilating for 3-4 times every day, and each time for 30 minutes; stopping water spraying 40-45 after inoculation, controlling the temperature to be 22-25 ℃, naturally controlling the humidity, and ventilating for 30 min for 3 times every day; 45-50 fungus bags shrink to have wrinkles and become light, ear pieces shrink, edges shrink dry, the fungus bags have elasticity, and the fungus bags are harvested.
7. Harvesting
Harvesting at one time, and picking the whole sporocarps.
8. Cleaning yard
After harvesting, the waste fungus bags are removed in time, the cultivation room is cleaned, and films, floors and bed frames of the cultivation room are cleaned, dried in the sun or aired for next batch production.
9. Tremella drying technology
(A) raw materials
Fresh tremella without mildew and rot.
(II) water quality
The water for soaking and washing adopts mountain spring water and well water which are subjected to primary filtration and purification.
(III) construction of factory building
And selecting a semi-slope land or plain with flat terrain, smooth drainage and good ventilation, and constructing a factory building in a land plot without livestock farms, hospitals and dense residential areas within 1000m around and easily forming a factory production area with serious dust pollution or harmful gas pollution. The scale of the factory building is adapted to the production scale, the factory building is divided into operation areas such as a cleaning pretreatment area, a cleaning area, a drying area, a boiler area, a dry product temporary storage, an office area, a living area and the like, and effective separation or separation is adopted. The cleaning pretreatment area is provided with a food-grade stainless steel mushroom cooling platform which is more than 20cm away from the ground. The design, layout, building internal structure and materials of the factory building and the operation area are reasonably arranged according to specific geographical conditions and production processes. The plant is provided with a fire fighting channel and fire fighting equipment.
(IV) Heat Source facility
The heat source equipment comprises an open fire hot blast stove, a steam boiler, a heat exchanger and the like. The equipment selection should be matched with the production scale and the oven specification.
(V) drying chamber
The oven chamber is 100cm deep, 82cm wide and 220cm high. 15 drying layers are arranged, namely a 1 st layer, a 2 nd layer, a 8230coating and a 15 th layer from the bottom to the top in sequence. The distance between the 1 st layer and the ground is 15 cm-20 cm, the distance between each of the 1 st layer and the 5 th layer is 16cm, and the distance between each of the 6 th layer and the 15 th layer is 13cm. Steel sheet tracks for placing drying sieves are arranged on two sides of each layer, and the width of each steel sheet track is 3cm. The air inlet is positioned at the bottom, and the air outlet is positioned at the top.
The drying box using steam as a heat source can be built by a plurality of drying boxes in a row according to specific terrain, so that the operation is convenient; the baking box using open fire as heat source is constructed as a hot blast furnace with open fire in the middle, and the baking boxes are respectively arranged at two sides of the furnace body.
The baking chamber can be made of bricks or stainless steel or other flame-retardant, heat-insulating, nontoxic and harmless materials.
(VI) baking screen
The specification is 100cm long, 80cm wide, and the sieve mesh is 1 cm-1.5 cm square. The bamboo strips with the width of 1cm and the thickness of 0.2cm can be woven in a warp-weft mode.
(VII) Trolley
The length of the specification is 90cm, the width is 68cm, and the height is 100cm. Can be made of stainless steel or galvanized steel.
(VIII) drying process
Spreading the tremella on the table board of a cleaning pretreatment area immediately after the tremella enters the field, wherein the thickness of the tremella does not exceed 15cm; or the tremella is put into a turnover basket, the thickness of the turnover basket is not more than 30 cm, and the turnover basket is placed in a refrigerator at the temperature of 2-6 ℃, so that the tremella is prevented from being heated and deteriorated. And (5) cutting impurities at the ear base by a stainless steel small knife. And replacing water after soaking and cleaning once. Soaking the whole fresh tremella for 40-60 minutes; soaking the small fresh tremella for 60-80 minutes; fresh ugly ears need not be soaked. And (3) taking out the whole fresh tremella or small fresh tremella after soaking and cleaning, and arranging the tremella on a drying sieve. The whole fresh tremella and ugly ears are arranged in a lattice-shaped single layer with the bases facing downwards; the small fresh tremella is randomly arranged. And (3) placing the dried and screened whole fresh tremella or small fresh tremella on a trolley, stacking for 10-12 layers, and draining.
Placing the drained whole-flower fresh tremella or small-flower fresh tremella or ugly tremella drying sieve into a drying chamber, placing 10 layers of drying sieves from the 1 st layer of the drying chamber to the top, and then closing a door for drying.
The temperature (bottom) of the oven is controlled to be 70-80 ℃ in the first stage of the whole fresh tremella. After drying for 2.0-4.0 h, opening a drying chamber door, and putting the drying sieve discharging and draining the whole fresh tremella into the 11 th-15 th layers. Meanwhile, the baking screens of the 1 st to 5 th layers are adjusted (the 1 st layer is exchanged with the 5 th layer, the 2 nd layer is exchanged with the 4 th layer, and the 3 rd layer is not changed), and the 6 th to 10 th layers are not changed. And in the second stage, after the temperature (bottom) of the drying chamber is controlled to be 70-80 (DEG C) and the drying is continued for 2.0-4.0 h, the 1 st-5 th layer of tremella turns to be light yellow, the drying sieve is taken out, the tremella is turned over with the ear base upward, and then the sieves are placed back into the drying chamber and the drying is continued. In the third stage, the temperature is controlled to be 70-80 (DEG C), and after the tremella is continuously baked for 2.0-4.0 h, the 1 st-5 th layers of tremella can be taken out of the compartment. And taking out the baking screens of the 6 th to 10 th layers, turning over the tremella, transferring the tremella to the 1 st to 5 th layers for continuous baking, transferring the 10 th layer to the 1 st layer, transferring the 9 th layer to the 2 nd layer, and so on. And (4) sequentially moving the 11 th to 15 th drying screens downwards to the 6 th to 10 th drying screens, emptying the 11 th to 15 th drying screens, and continuously putting the drying screens full of drained whole fresh tremella.
Thereafter, the drying is continued according to the second, three-stage procedure and method.
The temperature of the fresh tremella fuciformis is controlled to be 70-80 ℃ in the first stage of drying, after the tremella fuciformis is dried for 2.0-3.5 hours, a drying chamber door is opened, and a drying sieve for draining the fresh tremella fuciformis is placed in layers 11-15. Meanwhile, the 1 st to 5 th layers of drying screens are adjusted (the 1 st layer is exchanged with the 5 th layer, the 2 nd layer is exchanged with the 4 th layer, and the 3 rd layer is unchanged), and the 6 th to 10 th layers are unchanged. And in the second stage, controlling the temperature to be 70-80 ℃, continuously drying for 2.0-3.5 h, then changing the layer 1-5 of floret tremella into light yellow, taking out the drying sieve, and continuously drying the floret tremella after loosening. And exchanging the 10 th layer with the 6 th layer, exchanging the 9 th layer with the 7 th layer, and keeping the 8 th layer unchanged. And in the third stage, controlling the temperature of the oven to be 70-80 ℃, and continuously baking for 2.0-4.0 h, wherein the 1 st-5 th layers of tremella can be taken out of the oven. And taking out the baking screens of the 6 th to 10 th layers, turning over the tremella, transferring the tremella to the 1 st to 5 th layers for continuous baking, transferring the 10 th layer to the 1 st layer, transferring the 9 th layer to the 2 nd layer, and so on. And (4) sequentially moving the 11 th to 15 th drying screens downwards to the 6 th to 10 th drying screens, emptying the 11 th to 15 th drying screens, and continuously putting the drying screens full of drained whole fresh tremella.
Thereafter, the second and third stage processes and methods are followed for continuous drying
Controlling the temperature of a baking box to be 70-80 ℃ by using fresh pharbitis auricula (tremella globiformis), baking for 2.0-3.0 h, opening a door of the baking box, and putting a baking sieve in which the fresh pharbitis auricula is arranged into 11 th-15 th layers. And meanwhile, adjusting the baking screens of the 1 st to 5 th layers (the 1 st layer is exchanged with the 5 th layer, the 2 nd layer is exchanged with the 4 th layer, and the 3 rd layer is unchanged), and keeping the 6 th to 10 th layers unchanged. In the second stage, the temperature of the oven is controlled to be 70-80 ℃, after the oven is continuously dried for 2.0-3.0 h, the clown ears on the 1 st-5 th layers are changed into light yellow, the drying sieve is taken out, the clown ears are turned over, the bases of the ears face upwards, and then the sieves are placed back into the oven to be continuously dried. In the third stage, the temperature of the oven is controlled to be 70-80 ℃, and after the oven is continuously dried for 2.0-3.0 hours, the clown ears on the 1 st-5 th layers can be taken out of the oven. And taking out the 6 th to 10 th layers of drying screens, turning over the pharbitis seed, moving to the 1 st to 5 th layers for continuous drying, moving the 10 th layer to the 1 st layer, moving the 9 th layer to the 2 nd layer, and the like. The 11 th to 15 th layers of drying screens are sequentially moved downwards to the 6 th to 10 th layers. And (5) continuously putting the emptied 11 th to 15 th drying layers into a drying sieve filled with fresh ugly ears.
Thereafter, the drying is continued according to the second, three-stage procedure and method.
(ten) drying Standard
The water content of Tremella is less than or equal to 15%.
10. Fresh tremella product storage technology
The fresh tremella should not mildew, rot, or pest, and the water content should be less than or equal to 90% without damage and other bacterial plaque.
A grid plastic turnover box is suitable for placing fresh tremella, and the technical requirements of the turnover box are in accordance with the requirements of GB/T39907. The multilayer shelf can also be selected, the length of the shelf is not limited, the width is greater than or equal to 30 cm, the height is less than or equal to 200 cm, and the distance between layers is greater than or equal to 25 cm.
The fresh tremella with ear bases is preferably placed in a grid plastic turnover box in a layered mode from ear base to ear base, the first, third and fifth layers of ear bases are downward, the second and fourth layers of ear bases are upward, and each box is not more than 5 layers.
The fresh tremella without ear base is randomly arranged and placed in a grid plastic turnover box, and the height is not more than 30 cm.
The fresh tremella with fungus stick is placed on the grid plastic turnover box in a layered manner from the back of the stick (the back of the growing surface of the tremella) to the back of the stick, and each box is not more than 3 layers. Or the rods can be placed on the shelf side by side back to back.
The pretreatment of the fresh tremella is finished in 2 h according to the treatment method.
The pretreated fresh tremella is suitable for precooling in a refrigeratory at the temperature of 1-3 ℃. The turnover boxes are stably stacked, the distance between the stacks and the wall is preferably greater than or equal to 30 cm, the distance between the stacks and the ground is preferably greater than or equal to 10 cm, the distance between the stacks and a top lighting lamp is preferably greater than or equal to 50 cm, the distance between the stacks and an air cooler is preferably greater than or equal to 150 cm, the distance between the stacks is preferably greater than or equal to 30 cm, and the height of the stacks is preferably less than or equal to 200 cm. When the fresh tremella is placed on the shelves for precooling, the distance between the shelves and the wall is preferably larger than or equal to 30 cm, the distance between the shelves and the top lighting lamp is preferably larger than or equal to 50 cm, the distance between the shelves and the air cooler is preferably larger than or equal to 150 cm, and the distance between the shelves is preferably larger than or equal to 30 cm. And (4) putting temperature measuring equipment such as a temperature sensor into the fresh tremella in the center of the stack for measurement. The temperature of the fresh tremella in the center of the stack is preferably pre-cooled to 3-5 ℃ within 5 h.
The pretreated fresh tremella can be pre-cooled in vacuum, the loading rate is not more than 70%, and the vacuum degree is kept between 650 Pa and 750 Pa. Precooling the center temperature of the fresh tremella to 3-5 ℃ within 40 min.
The number of perforations on the surface of the plastic packaging container is more than or equal to 4, and the area of each perforation is more than or equal to 0.25 cm 2 . The packaging paper should comply with the 5.4 regulation in NY/T658-2015. The outer packaging material should be used for the foam logistics packaging container, the carton or the plastic logistics packaging container. The packaging container for the foam or plastic logistics is in accordance with the GB/T34344 regulations. The carton transported by the iced bags is in accordance with the GB/T6543 regulations. The cartons transported by the refrigerated vehicle should meet the regulations of GB/T31550.
The fresh tremella with or without ear base can be packaged in or without inner package. The temperature of the packaging operation room is less than or equal to 18 ℃, the time from entering the packaging operation room to the completion of packaging is not longer than 1h, and the packaging is completed within 48 h after the pre-cooling is completed.
The inner package can adopt transparent plastic packaging containers with different specifications to package one or more than one; or packing paper can be adopted for single package. The external package is packaged by using a foam logistics packaging container, or the foam logistics packaging container and a carton are sequentially used from inside to outside. The ice bags are transported, and the built-in ice bags are placed uniformly and neatly. Each piece with the inner package is provided with not less than 33 g of ice bags, and each piece without the inner package is provided with not less than 15 g of ice bags.
Packaging method of fresh tremella with fungus sticks
The packaging is carried out by using a foam or plastic logistics packaging container, or by using the foam logistics packaging container and a carton box in sequence from inside to outside. The ice bags are transported by adopting the ice bags, and the built-in ice bags are placed uniformly and neatly. Not less than 27 g of ice bags should be prepared for each flower.
Immediately storing after finishing the external packing, controlling the temperature to be between 1 and 3 ℃, observing and recording the temperature in the cold storage every 8 hours during the storage period, and recording the storage life to be not less than two years. The transportation is carried out in 24 h for cold chain transportation. After the product reaches the destination, the product should be processed or refrigerated and frozen in time. The refrigerating time is not longer than 7 days, and the freezing time is not longer than 30 days.

Claims (10)

1. Production technology system is planted to white fungus bag, its characterized in that, white fungus bag produce technology system, include:
1. the construction of the cultivation base comprises the methods of site selection of the base, matched water application, electricity, circuit and the like;
2. the construction of the tremella bag cultivation seasonal cultivation facility comprises a hypha cultivation room, a fruiting room specification, building materials, walls, cultivation frames, doors and windows, a channel, a roof slope and other construction methods;
3. an industrial white fungus bag cultivation facility comprises a inoculation room, a hypha cultivation room, a fruiting room specification, building materials, walls, cultivation frames, doors and windows, channels, a roof slope and other construction methods;
4. the strain production comprises the steps of preparing culture mediums of a first-level strain (mother strain), a second-level strain (stock strain) and a third-level strain (cultivated strain), separating strains, culturing and screening;
5. the production technology of the tremella fungus stick comprises the construction methods of site selection of factories, hydroelectric facilities, fire fighting, production equipment and facilities, shipping facilities, steam boilers, sterilization equipment, cooling and the like;
6. cultivation management, including temperature, humidity and ventilation management technology of tremella at different stages;
7. harvesting, including harvesting methods and times;
8. cleaning the field, including the treatment of the post fungus sticks, the cleaning of mushroom houses and the like;
9. the tremella drying technology comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of production water, factory building, heat source equipment steam boilers, drying boxes, drying screens, sterilizing equipment facilities, temperature and operation method of each stage of drying whole-flower tremella, whole-flower small tremella and ugly tremella (globular tremella);
10. the fresh tremella product storage technology comprises the following steps: comprises fresh tremella processing, precooling, transporting and preserving technologies and time.
2. The bag cultivation technique system for tremella as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation base construction comprises:
the site selection method comprises the following steps:
selecting breeding places with convenient traffic, sufficient water source, no chemical pollution source within 5 km around, no industrial waste within 1 km, no dust sources such as a market, a cement plant, a lime plant, a wood processing plant and the like within 100 m, and no pest breeding places such as an animal house, a garbage site, a dead water pond and the like which are harmful to the growth of edible fungi within 100 m;
the air quality meets the total suspended particulate matter (standard state), and the daily average is less than or equal to 0.3mg/m 3 Sulfur dioxide (standard state), daily average less than or equal to 0.25mg/m 3 Average fluoride (standard state) for 1h, daily average is less than or equal to 7ug/m 3
The indexes of the process water are detected according to the following method, the PH value is detected according to the HJII47 detection method, the total mercury is detected according to the HJ694 detection formula at 5.5-8.50.001 ≦ mg/L, total cadmium, according to HJ700 test method ≦ 0.005 ≦ L, total arsenic, according to HJ694 test method ≦ 0.05 ≦ L, total lead, HJ700 ≦ 0.1 mg/L, hexavalent chromium, mg/L GB/T7467 ≦ 0.1, fluoride, GB/T7484 ≦ 2.0 mg/L, chemical oxygen demand (COD/L) (magnesium oxygen demand (COD/L) (%) ｃｒ ) H j828 ≦ 60 mg/L, petroleum, h j970 ≦ 1.0 mg/L, fecal coliform, MPN/L SL355 ≦ 10000;
method for constructing supporting facilities of base station (II)
1. Road: uniformly planning roads, wherein the width of a trunk road is more than 4m, and paving cement or other hard materials;
2. water and electric facilities: the hydropower facilities are matched according to the production scale, and the electric facilities are designed and constructed uniformly by an electric power department according to electric power specifications;
3. fire-fighting equipment: building fire fighting equipment such as fire fighting channels, fire hydrants or fire-fighting impounding reservoirs, fire extinguishers and the like matched with the base according to the scale of the base; constructing flood control and drainage facilities inside and outside the base according to the landform;
4. a refrigerator: a product cold storage matched with the production scale is built in the base;
5. a management room: a management room and a storage room are built in the base, and are effectively isolated from the hypha culture room and the cultivation room.
3. The bag cultivation production technology system for tremella as claimed in claim 1, wherein the construction of the seasonal cultivation facility for tremella bags comprises:
mycelium culture room
Indoor drying, heat preservation and ventilation with the area of 30 m 2 ～40 m 2 The height is 2.5-3 m; the door and window are provided with a 60-80 mesh insect-proof net;
(II) cultivation house
1. Brick and tile cultivation room
The brick and tile cultivation house consists of walls, a ceiling, windows and doors, a channel, a roof, a buffer channel, a temperature adjusting facility and a cultivation bed frame; the length of the mushroom house is 10 m to 12 m, the width of the mushroom house of one channel is 3.3 m, and the height of the mushroom house of one channel is 3.5 m to 4 m; the mushroom house with two channels has the width of 4.4 m and the height of 3.5-4 m;
wall: consists of three layers; the middle layer wall is firstly lined with a foam board with the thickness of 3 cm-5 cm, and the inner layer is lined with a layer of plastic film;
ceiling board: arranging a rat-proof wire mesh and a heat insulation layer, and arranging 2-3 skylight windows which can be opened and closed and are 80cm multiplied by 80cm above the channel;
windows and doors:
cultivation room of a passageway: 1 door, the front opens 1 door, the door installs 1 exhaust fan or 1 window above, open 1 window behind; the cultivation rooms with two channels are respectively provided with 2 doors, and the front and the back of each cultivation room are respectively provided with 2 windows or exhaust fans; 60-80 mesh insect-proof nets are arranged on the window and the door;
a channel:
the width of a channel is 1.1 m, and 2 small electric fans and 2 energy-saving lamps are arranged right above the channel at equal intervals;
roof:
the inclination is 30-45 degrees, and the cover is covered by a color steel plate, a tile or a cement tile;
buffering way:
the width of the buffer road is 2 m, a 60-80 mesh insect-proof net is installed, and an insect-killing lamp is installed above the insect-proof net;
temperature adjusting facilities:
the underground fire tunnel form is adopted, and the underground fire tunnel consists of a fire burning port, a fire burning chamber, a fire smoke hidden channel and a chimney; the fire hole is arranged at the outer wall foot of the mushroom house door, and the fire hole is 40cm high and 20cm wide; the diameter of the firing chamber is 80 cm; the fire smoke dark passage is 48 cm high and 15cm wide; the chimney is higher than the mushroom growing roof by more than 50 cm, and the inner diameter of the chimney is 16 cm-18 cm; or other temperature regulating means;
standard of culture rack: building by angle steel, wood or bamboo poles and the like; two rows of cultivation bed frames are arranged in the mushroom house with one channel, and the frame width is 1.1 m; three rows of cultivation shelves are arranged in the mushroom house with two channels, the width of the shelves at two sides is 55 cm, and the width of the shelf at the middle is 1.1 m; based on the height of the cultivation room, the bed is 3.0 m-3.3 m high and is divided into 10 layers-12 layers, the layer distance is 27 cm-30 cm, and 4 battens or bamboo poles and other materials are longitudinally arranged on the bed surface;
2. sandwich color steel plate mushroom shed
The main structure is built by adopting an inner shed and an outer shed; and (3) external shed standard: the shoulder height is not less than 5 meters, the top height is not less than 6.5 meters, the span of a single ridge is 17 meters (the front and rear channels of the mushroom shed and the equipment placing reserved positions), and the length is determined according to the terrain; the upright post is made of I-shaped steel or hot-dip galvanized steel pipes, the outer diameter of a round pipe of the upright post is not less than 114mm, the wall thickness of the round pipe of the upright post is not less than 2.5mm, and the column spacing is not more than 6 m; 2 inches of round pipe and 40 angle steel (hot-dip galvanized steel pipe) are used for a roof truss main beam, the purline C-shaped steel is 100 mm multiplied by 35 mm multiplied by 1.2 mm, and the roof is insulated by adopting a color steel plate, a resin tile and an extruded sheet or pearl wool;
and (4) internal shed standard: the shoulder height is more than 4.5 meters, the width is about 4.5 meters, the length is about 12 meters, and the area of the inner shed is not less than 54 square meters; the sandwich board requires: more than two-sided 0376 color steel plates or aluminum plates, more than 25 kg sandwich density and more than B1 grade flame retardant material; standard of culture rack: the plastic-coated steel bar and other new materials are adopted for manufacturing; the layers are divided into 14 to 15 layers, and each layer is 27 to 30 cm high.
4. The bag cultivation production technology system for tremella according to claim 1, wherein the industrial cultivation facility for tremella bag cultivation comprises:
(one) inoculation room
The inoculation room comprises a dressing room, a wind showering buffer area, a cooling area, an area to be inoculated, an inoculation operation area and a carrying channel; the cleanliness of the inoculation room reaches ten thousand grades, and the cleanliness of an inoculation operation area reaches hundred grades;
(II) hypha culture room
A hypha culture room: the grade of the combustion performance is B with good heat insulation performance 1 Materials above grade; the scale is matched with daily production scale and growth cycle, the length of the hypha culture room is 10.0-12.0 m, the width is 6.0-8.0 m, and the height is 5.0-5.5 m; the ground is paved by using a hard material, and is flat; each hypha culture room is provided with a door with the width of 3.0 m and the height of 2.5 m;
according to the requirements of the mycelium culture room on volume, storage capacity and mycelium growth environment, a combined air conditioning unit and a humidifier are arranged; an outer shed is built above the hypha culture room by adopting a color steel plate or a resin tile, and the outer shed is higher than the roof by more than 0.5 m;
(III) cultivating room
The sandwich color steel plate mushroom shed with the flame retardant grade of B1 is adopted, the length is 12.0-15.0 m, the width is 4.5-5.0 m, and the height is 5.5-6.0 m; each cultivation room is provided with two channels, and 3-4 explosion-proof energy-saving lamps or LED lamps of 30 w-40 w are arranged on ceiling positions above the channels; each channel is provided with a door with the height of 2.0 m and the width of 0.8m to 1.0 m; insect-proof facilities such as screen doors, screen windows or insect-proof nets and the like are arranged on walkways, doors, windows and ventilation openings of the cultivation room which are directly communicated with the outside; the cultivation frame is built by stainless steel or plastic steel, so that the weight of the tremella fungus sticks can be borne; three rows of cultivation frames are arranged in each cultivation room, the width of the frames close to the two sides of a wall is 55 cm, the width of the middle frame is 110 cm, the distance between every two layers is 26.5 cm, and the distance between the frame surface of the bottommost layer and the ground is 40cm; longitudinally laying two steel bars on each layer at a distance of 12 cm;
installing a combined air conditioning unit, a humidifier and an environment intelligent control system according to the volume and the storage capacity of the cultivation room; an outer shed is built above the cultivation room and is preferably built by adopting color steel plates or resin tiles, and the outer shed is higher than the roof by more than 0.5 m.
5. The bag cultivation technique system for tremella fuciformis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the strain production comprises:
selecting Tr01, tr21 and 9901, embroidering silver No. 1 and other excellent tremella strains from the tremella strains, selecting the cultivated strains with the age of 5-12 days, wherein the surface of the culture medium is provided with a plurality of white hair clusters, the white hair clusters are white, and the tremella strains are short, dense and robust in hypha; the incense ash hypha grows forcefully, uniformly and tidily, can secrete melanin, and black patterns are arranged on the bottle wall;
first-stage preparation method
1. Culture medium preparation method
(1) The preparation formula of the PDA culture medium comprises the following steps: 200g of potato (using the leaching juice), 20g of glucose, 20g of agar and 1000ml of water, and the pH is natural; preparing a culture medium according to a conventional method, filling the culture medium into a test tube, and sterilizing to prepare a test tube inclined plane;
(2) Preparation of wood chip culture medium
63-73% of tremella suitable tree wood dust, 35-25% of bran, 2% of gypsum powder, and the ratio of material to water is (1.3-1): 1.5; uniformly stirring the culture medium, bottling, sterilizing at 121-124 ℃ for 2 h, wherein the material height is 7-10 cm;
2. production process
The mixed culture production process comprises the following steps:
selecting and culturing tremella fungus bags with the diameter of 7-8 cm, round and regular shape, white and thick ear, strong growth of incense ash hypha, uniform distribution of melanin on the surface of the culture material and no plant diseases and insect pests, and about 28 days;
separating Tremella mycelium, cutting off fruiting body of Tremella, taking out matrix block, and cutting into hard blocks of about 1cm × 1cm × 1cm as separation material; wrapping the substrate block with sterile gauze, placing the substrate block in a drier filled with a drying agent for dehydration for 10-20 days, or placing the substrate block in a shady and ventilated place for air drying for about 30 days until the incense ash hypha dies; under aseptic conditions, the separation material is cut open to an inner diameter of about 1 mm 3 Putting 1-3 blocks on each slant of the substrate to PDA slant with no water on the surface, inoculating, and culturing at 21 + -2 deg.C for 8-10 d; selecting strong and round Tremella fuciformis colony, and picking colony edge about 1.5 mm with inoculating needle under aseptic condition 3 Transferring the hypha blocks to a PDA slant culture medium without water on the surface, and culturing for 8-10 days at 21 +/-2 ℃ for later use; under aseptic condition, directly hooking about 0.5 mm from the culture material of the tremella fungus bag far away from the substrate block 3 Culturing the mycelium blocks on a PDA slant culture medium without water on the surface at 21 +/-2 ℃ for 7-10 days; under sterile conditions, pick the colony edge about 0.5 mm 3 Culturing the mycelium blocks on a PDA test tube slant culture medium without water on the surface at 21 +/-2 ℃ for 7-10 days; respectively picking tremella mycelium blocks with the diameter of 5-7 mm and grayish fungus blocks with the diameter of 2 mm to the central position of the surface of a culture medium of a strain bottle under the aseptic condition, ensuring that the two mycelium blocks are mutually contacted, culturing for 30-35 days at the temperature of 21 +/-2 ℃, and selecting strains with uniform growth vigor, fast material consumption, fast gelatinization of white wool lumps, early emergence of ears, round and regular flower shapes, good extension of ears and no pollution as first-class strains for later use;
the production process of the separation in the base comprises the following steps:
sterilizing the surface of the tremella fungus bag, cutting off fruiting bodies, and sterilizing the surface of the fungus bag by using 75% alcohol; under aseptic conditions, usingRemoving old hypha on the surface of the substrate block in the fungus bag by using a seed cutter, taking the substrate block of the middle and lower layers, and selecting about 0.5 mm 3 The substrate group is arranged in the center of the surface of the sawdust culture medium of the strain bottle; culturing at 21 +/-2 deg.c for 30-35 days, and selecting the first-class bacterial strain with fast growth, homogeneous distribution, melanin secretion, fast gelatinization, early appearance, round shape, good elongation and no pollution;
(II) two-stage preparation method
Cutting off tremella sporophore in the first-class seed bottle by using a sawdust culture medium under aseptic condition, and removing an aged mycelium layer on the surface of the culture medium; mashing the matrix block with a seed mixing shovel; taking 0.2-0.3 g of matrix block particles by using an inoculating spoon, and inoculating each bottle of primary seeds in the center of the surface of the sawdust culture medium in a strain bottle to 50-100 bottles of secondary seeds; culturing at 21 +/-2 deg.c for 15-30 days, and selecting the second-class strain with primordium, small ear and Xianggu hypha growing strongly and homogeneously distributed to secrete melanin;
(III) three-stage preparation method
Under the aseptic condition, cutting off the tremella sporophore in the secondary seed bottle, and removing the aged mycelium layer on the surface of the culture medium; mashing the substrate block with a seed mixing shovel; 0.2 g to 0.3 g of matrix block particles are taken by an inoculation spoon and inoculated into each bottle of secondary seeds at the central position of the surface of the sawdust culture medium in a strain bottle to be expanded and inoculated into 50 bottles to 100 bottles of tertiary seeds; culturing in a strain room at 21 + -2 deg.C in the dark for 7-12 days to obtain three-stage strain with strong and uniform incense ash hypha growth, melanin secretion, and white hair on the surface of the culture medium;
(IV) establishing production file of strain
1. Labeling the third-level strains according to the sold batches; the tag content should include: the name, number, grade, name of production unit and inoculation date of the strain;
(V) packaging the strain before transportation
Wrapping the first-stage and second-stage strains in single tubes or bottles with clean cotton, sheathing kraft paper on the outer surface of the cotton, fastening the cotton with rubber bands, and finally placing the cotton in a wooden box; the third-level strains are packaged according to first-level strains and second-level strains in principle, but the third-level strains with short distance and large quantity can be packaged by cartons, woven bags and basketries.
6. The bag cultivation technique system for tremella as claimed in claim 1, wherein the production technique for tremella stick comprises:
production site selection
Selecting a place with a wide terrain, convenient traffic and sufficient water source to construct a plant area; it is not suitable to select the areas which are easy to flood and the potential places where a large number of insects propagate; functional areas such as a raw material area, a material mixing area, a material rod manufacturing area, a sterilization area, an inoculation area, a hypha culture area, a boiler area, an office area and a living area are reasonably arranged on the basis of convenient operation, and the functional areas are obviously divided; concrete, asphalt or other hard materials are paved on roads in the factory; concrete, floor tiles or lawns are laid on the open ground, so that the environment is kept clean and dust is prevented from flying in normal weather; a drainage system is needed, and a living area is kept at a proper distance from a production area;
(II) hydroelectric facility
Configuring hydroelectric facilities according to the standard that 10 ten thousand bars produced per day need to consume 150 tons of water and 1 transformer with the rated capacity of 300 KVA; the hydropower facilities are designed and constructed uniformly according to the requirements of relevant departments;
(III) fire fighting
The fire-fighting facilities in the factory area should meet the requirements of the corresponding regulations,
(IV) production facility and installation
1. Material rod manufacturing production line
The bar manufacturing production line consists of a forklift, a material mixer, a conveyor belt (a magnet box is arranged above the conveyor belt), a distributor and a bagging machine; selecting qualified products produced by enterprises with production qualification;
2. material rod rack
Using a material rod rack in the processes of sterilizing and loading and transporting the tremella material rod; the material rod frame is made of stainless steel and other materials, and is provided with two layers, three layers or multiple layers, and the specification of the material rod frame is matched with a sterilization chamber or a sterilization facility; 2. the three-layer material rod rack can be specified as follows: the upper surface and the lower surface are respectively 90cm long and 70 cm wide; the left side and the right side are respectively at length (height) 200 cm and width 70 cm; arranging 1-2 movable interlayers, installing interlayer plates if necessary, and dividing the material bar rack into 2-3 layers;
the multilayer material rod rack specification can be: the upper surface and the lower surface are respectively 100cm in length and 90cm in width; the left side and the right side are respectively 210 cm long (high) and 90cm wide; 17-18 fixed interlayers can be arranged and are used for placing a charging rod basket; the charging bar basket can be made of high-pressure and high-temperature resistant plastics;
(V) shipping facility
1. Transport cart
The material bar manufacturing production line is suitable for being provided with a suitable small-sized manual forklift or a suitable motor forklift;
2. sinking type lane
The loading and transporting rod is suitable for adopting a sinking type lane mode; sinking type lanes can be arranged on the outer side of the outlet channel of the sterilization room and the outer side of the hypha culture room; the width and the height of the lane are suitable for the convenient access, loading and unloading of the transport vehicle;
a movable guardrail with the height of 1 meter is arranged at the position of the edge of the channel adjacent to the sunken lane, and the guardrail is started when the lane is not used;
3. electric hoist and hanger
The loading and transporting bar adopts a mode of an electric hoist hanger; the hanger is arranged above the outlet of the sterilization facility; a remote control electric hoist is arranged on the lifting frame; the hanger and the electric hoist are qualified products produced by qualified manufacturers;
4. steam boiler
The model selection is matched with the production scale;
5. sterilization equipment installation
Sterilizing equipment produced by qualified professional manufacturers or a normal-pressure sterilizing room designed and manufactured by professional personnel is adopted; the specification of the sterilization equipment is matched with other equipment such as a material rod rack, and the quantity of the sterilization equipment is matched with daily production scale; the normal-pressure sterilization room can be made of a steel plate with the thickness of 1.0 cm-1.2 cm; the sterilization rooms can be built in a row, each sterilization room is provided with two doors which are opened in opposite directions, one door is an inlet, and the other door is an outlet; the outside of the door is provided with a channel, and the width of the channel and the width and the height of the door are in accordance with the convenience for the feeding and discharging of the material rod rack;
6. cooling room
Clean, dustproof and easy to radiate heat;
7. inoculation room
The dustproof performance is good, the inner wall and the roof are smooth, the cleaning and the disinfection are easy, the ventilation is convenient, and the air is clean;
8. hypha culture room
The inner wall and the roof are smooth, so that the cleaning and the disinfection are convenient; the wall has proper thickness, is beneficial to controlling temperature and humidity and is convenient for gout; insect and rat prevention measures are provided;
9. other tools
Preparing tools and tools for mixing materials, cleaning places, overhauling equipment and the like;
10. process flow
Preparing raw materials according to a formula, uniformly stirring, filling a culture material into a bag, binding a bag opening, punching, sealing a hole, filling the bag opening into a sterilization frame for sterilization, cooling a fungus stick, inoculating, culturing hyphae, and checking quality;
11. preparation of raw materials
The formula I is as follows: 82% -88% of cottonseed hulls, 16% -11% of bran, 2% -1% of gypsum powder and 55% -60% of water content;
and a second formula: 60% of wood dust, 23% of soybean stems, 15% of bran, 2% of gypsum powder and 55% -60% of water content;
and the formula III: the lotus seed shell and the tremella are suitable for replacing part or all of cottonseed in a formula of tree species such as wood titanic, peony shell and corn pistil, and other components are unchanged;
12. mixing material
According to formula conversion, weighing various culture material dosage, and uniformly stirring the culture materials;
13. charging of
The evenly stirred compost is conveyed to a bagging machine through a conveyor belt and a distributor;
14. binding, punching and sealing the bag mouth
Adopting a full-automatic bagging machine, automatically bagging, charging, binding bag openings, punching and sealing holes (sticking adhesive tapes);
the method comprises the following steps of (1) bagging low-pressure polyethylene plastic bagged culture materials with the specifications of 12-15 cm in reduced diameter, 53-55 cm in length and 0.004 cm in thickness, wherein the dosage of each bag of dry culture materials is 0.6-0.75 kg, and the height of the filler is 45-47 cm; the uniformly stirred culture materials are conveyed to a bagging machine through a material distributor by a conveying belt, and the bagging machine automatically sleeves bags, feeds, binds bag openings, punches holes and seals the holes (pastes adhesive tapes); each material rod is punched with 3-4 equidistant holes with the depth of 2cm, and the hole openings are sealed by the special edible fungus adhesive tapes with the specification of 3.3 multiplied by 3.3 (cm);
15. rod handling
Loading the material rods pasted with the adhesive tapes into a material rod rack, and transporting the material rods to a sterilization room by using a forklift;
16. and sterilizing
Sterilizing by adopting normal-pressure steam, wherein the temperature in a sterilization pot reaches 100 ℃ within 4 h, timing when the temperature of all material bags in the pot reaches 100 ℃, and maintaining the temperature at 100 ℃ for 8-10 h; after sterilization, taking out the material bags while the material bags are hot, and transporting the material bags to an inoculation room which is subjected to disinfection treatment, wherein the material bags are discharged in a 'well' shape, and each layer is provided with 4 bags;
17. cooling down
After sterilization, the material rods enter a cooling chamber for cooling, then enter an inoculation chamber after cooling, enter a hypha culture chamber after inoculation, and leave the factory when the hypha culture is mature and qualified;
18. inoculation of
Selecting qualified three-stage seeds for dressing within 12-24 h before inoculation; when the temperature in the material bag is reduced to be below 28 ℃, disinfecting the material bag, an inoculation appliance and the like; adopting fumigation method to sterilize, the dosage of the medicament (5 g-10 g)/m 3 Sterilizing for 2-5 h; inoculating after 4 h after disinfection, wherein the strains inoculated into the holes are required to be 1-2 mm lower than the hole openings; the inoculation amount of each hole is about 1.5 g, and 1 bottle of three-level seeds can be inoculated with 110-120 holes; the inoculated fungus bags are stacked according to the shape of a Chinese character 'jing', each layer is 4-5 bags, and each layer is 10-12 layers;
19. hypha culture
Inoculating 1-3 fungus bags, overlapping according to a shape like a Chinese character 'jing', growing fungus indoors, protecting a seal cover of an inoculation port by 26-28 ℃, turning the bags to check mixed fungus 4-8 days after inoculation, dredging the bags, adjusting heat dissipation, and performing 23-25 ℃; culturing in dark place at room temperature not exceeding 30 deg.C.
7. The bag cultivation technique system for tremella as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation management comprises:
9-12 days after inoculation, sterilizing the cultivation room, cleaning and drying the bed frame, moving the fungus bags into the cultivation room to discharge the bags on the bed frame, wherein the distance between the bags is 3-4 cm, the temperature is controlled to be 22-25 ℃, and the humidity is controlled to be 75-80%; ventilating for 3-4 times every day, each time for 10 minutes, and keeping the insect-proof net closed at any time in the whole process of cultivation management to keep the inside and outside of the cultivation room clean; 13-25 days after inoculation, cutting a film and expanding 1cm, covering non-woven fabrics, spraying water for humidification, keeping moist, controlling the temperature to be 22-25 ℃, controlling the humidity to be 90-95%, ventilating for 3-4 times every day, and each time for 30 minutes; after 20-30 days of inoculation, the covering is taken out, dried in the sun and covered, water is sprayed for moisturizing, the temperature is controlled to be 20-24 ℃, the humidity is 90-95%, ventilation is carried out for 3-4 times every day, and each time is 20-80 min; taking out the covering after 30-40 days of inoculation, spraying water to preserve moisture, controlling the temperature to be 22-25 ℃, the humidity to be 90-95%, ventilating for 3-4 times every day, and each time for 30 minutes; stopping water spraying 40-45 times after inoculation, controlling the temperature to be 22-25 ℃, controlling the humidity to be natural, and ventilating for 30 min each time for 3 times a day; 45-50 fungus bags shrink to have wrinkles and become light, ear pieces shrink, edges shrink dry, the fungus bags have elasticity, and the fungus bags are harvested.
8. The bag cultivation production technology system for tremella fuciformis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the harvesting is one-time harvesting, and the whole fruiting body is picked; the cleaning is to clean the waste fungus bags and clean the cultivation room in time after harvesting, and the films, floors and bed frames of the cultivation room are cleaned, dried in the sun or aired for the next batch of production.
9. The bag cultivation technique system for tremella as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tremella drying technique comprises:
(I) raw materials
Fresh tremella without mildew and rot;
(II) water quality
The water for soaking and washing adopts mountain spring water and well water which are subjected to primary filtration and purification;
(III) construction of factory building
Selecting a semi-slope land or plain land with smooth terrain, smooth drainage and good ventilation, and constructing a factory building in a land block which is free of livestock farms, hospitals, dense residential areas and factory production areas easily causing serious dust pollution or harmful gas pollution within 1000m around the land; the scale of the factory building is adapted to the production scale, the factory building is divided into operation areas such as a cleaning pretreatment area, a cleaning area, a drying area, a boiler area, a temporary dry product storage warehouse, an office area, a living area and the like, and effective separation or separation is adopted; a food-grade stainless steel mushroom cooling table which is more than 20cm away from the ground is arranged in the cleaning pretreatment area; the design and layout of factory buildings and operation areas, the internal structure and materials of buildings are reasonably arranged according to specific geographical conditions and production processes; the factory building is provided with a fire fighting channel and fire fighting equipment;
(IV) Heat Source apparatus
The heat source equipment comprises an open fire hot blast stove, a steam boiler, a heat exchanger and the like; the equipment selection is matched with the production scale and the baking box specification;
(V) drying chamber
The depth of the interior of the oven is 100cm, the width is 82cm, and the height is 220cm; arranging 15 drying layers, namely a 1 st layer, a 2 nd layer, a 823030and a 15 th layer from the bottom to the top in sequence; the distance between the 1 st layer and the ground is 15 cm-20 cm, the distance between every two layers of the 1 st layer to the 5 th layer is 16cm, and the distance between every two layers of the 6 th layer to the 15 th layer is 13cm; steel sheet tracks for placing drying screens are arranged on two sides of each layer, and the width of each steel sheet track is 3cm; the air inlet is positioned at the bottom, and the air outlet is positioned at the top;
the drying box using steam as a heat source can be built by a plurality of drying boxes in a row according to specific terrain so as to facilitate operation; the drying chamber using open fire as a heat source is constructed into a hot blast furnace with open fire in the middle, and the two sides of the furnace body are respectively provided with the drying chambers;
the baking chamber can be made of bricks, stainless steel or other flame-retardant, heat-insulating, nontoxic and harmless materials;
(VI) baking screen
The specification length is 100cm, the width is 80cm, and the sieve pore is 1 cm-1.5 cm square; the bamboo chips with the width of 1cm and the thickness of 0.2cm can be woven in a warp and weft mode;
(VII) handcart
The specification length is 90cm, the width is 68cm, and the height is 100cm; can be made of stainless steel or galvanized steel;
(VIII) drying process
Spreading the tremella on the table board of a cleaning pretreatment area immediately after the tremella enters the field, wherein the thickness of the tremella does not exceed 15cm; or the tremella is put into a turnover basket, the thickness of the tremella does not exceed 30 cm, and the tremella is placed in a refrigerator at the temperature of 2-6 ℃, so that the tremella is prevented from being heated and deteriorated; cutting off impurities at the ear base by a stainless steel knife; soaking and cleaning once and then changing water; soaking the whole flower of fresh tremella for 40-60 minutes; the soaking time of the fresh tremella fuciformis is 60-80 minutes; the fresh ugly ears do not need to be soaked; the whole fresh tremella or small fresh tremella after soaking and cleaning is taken out and arranged on a drying sieve; the whole fresh tremella and ugly ears are arranged in a lattice-shaped single layer with the bases facing downwards; randomly arranging small fresh tremella; placing the dried and cleaned whole-flower fresh tremella or small-flower fresh tremella on a trolley, stacking for 10-12 layers, and draining;
placing the drained whole-flower fresh tremella or small-flower fresh tremella or ugly tremella drying sieve into a drying chamber, placing 10 layers of drying sieves from the 1 st layer of the drying chamber to the top, and then closing a door for drying;
the first stage of the whole fresh tremella is to control the temperature (bottom) of the oven to be 70-80 ℃; after drying for 2.0-4.0 h, opening a drying chamber door, and putting a drying sieve for discharging and draining the whole flower fresh tremella into the 11 th-15 th layer; meanwhile, the 1 st to 5 th layers of drying screens are adjusted (the 1 st layer is exchanged with the 5 th layer, the 2 nd layer is exchanged with the 4 th layer, and the 3 rd layer is not changed), and the 6 th to 10 th layers are not changed; in the second stage, controlling the temperature (bottom) of the drying chamber to be 70-80 (DEG C) and continuously drying for 2.0-4.0 h, taking out the drying sieve, turning over the white fungus with the ear base upward, then putting the sieves back into the drying chamber, and continuously drying; in the third stage, the temperature is controlled to be 70-80 (DEG C), and after the tremella is continuously baked for 2.0-4.0 h, the 1 st-5 th layers of tremella can be taken out of the oven; taking out the drying sieve of the 6 th to 10 th layers, turning over the tremella, moving the tremella to the 1 st to 5 th layers for continuous drying, moving the 10 th layer to the 1 st layer, moving the 9 th layer to the 2 nd layer, and so on; the 11 th to 15 th layers of drying screens are sequentially moved downwards to the 6 th to 10 th layers, the 11 th to 15 th drying layers are left out, and the drying screens full of drained whole fresh tremella are continuously placed in the drying screens;
after that, the drying is continuously carried out according to the second and third stage programs and methods;
the temperature of the fresh tremella fuciformis is controlled to be 70-80 ℃ in the first stage of drying, after the tremella fuciformis is dried for 2.0-3.5 hours, a drying compartment door is opened, and a drying sieve for draining the fresh tremella fuciformis is placed in layers 11-15; meanwhile, the 1 st to 5 th layers of drying screens are adjusted (the 1 st layer is exchanged with the 5 th layer, the 2 nd layer is exchanged with the 4 th layer, and the 3 rd layer is not changed), and the 6 th to 10 th layers are not changed; in the second stage, the temperature is controlled to be 70-80 ℃, after the drying is continuously carried out for 2.0-3.5 h, the layer 1-5 of floret tremella becomes light yellow, the drying sieve is taken out, and the floret tremella is continuously put back to be dried after loosening; exchanging the 10 th layer with the 6 th layer, exchanging the 9 th layer with the 7 th layer, and keeping the 8 th layer unchanged; in the third stage, the temperature of the oven is controlled to be 70-80 ℃, after the oven is continuously baked for 2.0-4.0 h, the 1 st-5 th layers of tremella can be taken out of the oven; taking out the drying sieve of the 6 th to 10 th layers, turning over the tremella, moving the tremella to the 1 st to 5 th layers for continuous drying, moving the 10 th layer to the 1 st layer, moving the 9 th layer to the 2 nd layer, and so on; the 11 th to 15 th layers of drying screens are sequentially moved downwards to the 6 th to 10 th layers, the 11 th to 15 th drying layers are left out, and the drying screens full of drained whole fresh tremella are continuously placed in the drying screens;
thereafter, the second and third stage processes and methods are followed for continuous drying
Controlling the temperature of a baking box to be 70-80 ℃ for baking for 2.0-3.0 h, opening a door of the baking box, and putting a baking sieve with the fresh ugly ears discharged into 11-15 layers; meanwhile, the 1 st to 5 th layers of drying screens are adjusted (the 1 st layer is exchanged with the 5 th layer, the 2 nd layer is exchanged with the 4 th layer, and the 3 rd layer is not changed), and the 6 th to 10 th layers are not changed; in the second stage, controlling the temperature of the oven to be 70-80 ℃, continuously drying for 2.0-3.0 h, then changing the clown ears on the 1 st-5 th layers into light yellow, taking out the drying sieve, turning the clown ears over with the bases of the ears facing upwards, then returning each sieve to the oven, and continuously drying; in the third stage, the temperature of the oven is controlled to be 70-80 ℃, after the oven is continuously baked for 2.0-3.0 h, the clown ears on the 1 st-5 th layers can be taken out of the oven; taking out the 6 th to 10 th layers of drying sieves, turning over the pharbitis seed, moving to the 1 st to 5 th layers for continuous drying, moving the 10 th layer to the 1 st layer, moving the 9 th layer to the 2 nd layer, and so on; the 11 th to 15 th layers of drying screens are sequentially moved downwards to the 6 th to 10 th layers; the empty 11 th to 15 th drying layers are continuously put into a drying sieve filled with fresh ugly ears;
after that, the drying is continuously carried out according to the second and third stage programs and methods;
(ten) drying Standard
The water content of Tremella is less than or equal to 15%.
10. The system of the bag cultivation technique for tremella fuciformis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fresh tremella fuciformis storage technique comprises:
the fresh tremella should not mildew, rot, or pest, and the water content should be less than or equal to 90% and the stick should not be damaged or have other bacterial plaque visible to naked eyes;
a grid plastic turnover box is suitable for placing fresh tremella, and the technical requirements of the turnover box are in accordance with the requirements of GB/T39907; or selecting a multilayer shelf, wherein the length of the shelf is not limited, the width is greater than or equal to 30 cm, the height is less than or equal to 200 cm, and the distance between layers is greater than or equal to 25 cm;
the fresh tremella with ear bases is preferably placed in a grid plastic turnover box layer by layer from ear base to ear base, the first, third and fifth layers of ear bases are downward, the second and fourth layers of ear bases are upward, and each box is not more than 5 layers;
the fresh tremella without the ear base is randomly arranged and placed in a grid plastic turnover box, and the height of the box is not more than 30 cm;
the fresh tremella with fungus stick is placed on the grid plastic turnover box in a mode that the back of the stick (the back of the growing surface of the tremella) is opposite to the back of the stick, and each box is not suitable for being more than 3 layers; or the rods can be placed on the shelf side by side with the back downward;
the pretreatment of fresh tremella is finished for 2 hours according to the treatment method;
pre-treated fresh tremella is preferably pre-cooled in a cold storage at 1-3 ℃; the turnover boxes are stably stacked, the distance between the stacks and the wall is preferably greater than or equal to 30 cm, the distance between the stacks and the ground is preferably greater than or equal to 10 cm, the distance between the stacks and a top lighting lamp is preferably greater than or equal to 50 cm, the distance between the stacks and an air cooler is preferably greater than or equal to 150 cm, the stack distance is preferably greater than or equal to 30 cm, and the stack height is preferably less than or equal to 200 cm; when the fresh tremella is placed on the shelves for precooling, the distance between the shelves and the wall is preferably greater than or equal to 30 cm, the distance between the shelves and a top lighting lamp is preferably greater than or equal to 50 cm, the distance between the shelves and an air cooler is preferably greater than or equal to 150 cm, and the spacing between the shelves is preferably greater than or equal to 30 cm; placing into fresh Tremella in the center of the stack for measurement by temperature measuring equipment such as temperature sensor; the temperature of the fresh tremella in the center of the stack is pre-cooled to 3-5 ℃ within 5 h;
the pretreated fresh tremella can also be pre-cooled in vacuum, the loading rate does not exceed 70%, and the vacuum degree is kept between 650 Pa and 750 Pa; pre-cooling the center temperature of fresh tremella to 3-5 ℃ within 40 min;
the number of perforations on the surface of the plastic packaging container is more than or equal to 4, and the area of each perforation is more than or equal to 0.25 cm 2 (ii) a The packaging paper meets the specification of 5.4 in NY/T658-2015; the outer packaging material is a foam logistics packaging container, a carton or a plastic logistics packaging container; the foam or plastic logistics packaging container conforms to the GB/T34344 specification; the carton transported by the ice adding bag meets the regulation of GB/T6543; the carton transported by the refrigerated truck is in accordance with the GB/T31550;
the fresh tremella with or without ear base is packed in inner package or not; the temperature of the packaging operation room is less than or equal to 18 ℃, the time from entering the packaging operation room to the completion of packaging is not more than 1h, and the packaging is completed within 48 h after the pre-cooling is completed;
the inner package can adopt transparent plastic packaging containers with different specifications to package one or more than one; or packaging paper can be adopted for single package; the external package is packaged by a foam logistics packaging container, or the foam logistics packaging container and a carton are sequentially used from inside to outside; the ice bags are transported, and the built-in ice bags are placed uniformly and neatly; each piece with the inner package is provided with not less than 33 g of ice bags, and each piece without the inner package is provided with not less than 15 g of ice bags;
packaging method of fresh tremella with fungus sticks
Packaging by using a foam or plastic logistics packaging container, or sequentially packaging by using a foam logistics packaging container and a carton from inside to outside; the ice bags are transported, and the built-in ice bags are placed uniformly and tidily; each flower is provided with not less than 27 g of ice bags;
immediately storing after the external packaging is finished, controlling the temperature to be 1-3 ℃, observing and recording the temperature in the cold storage every 8h during the storage period, and recording the storage life to be not less than two years; the transportation is carried out in 24 h for cold chain transportation; after the target is reached, the food is processed or refrigerated and frozen in time; the refrigeration time is not longer than 7 days, and the freezing time is not longer than 30 days.
CN202211298278.2A 2022-07-16 2022-10-22 Tremella bag cultivation production technology system Withdrawn CN115568378A (en)

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