CN104285673B - Mushroom plant production method and system - Google Patents
Mushroom plant production method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN104285673B CN104285673B CN201410565697.7A CN201410565697A CN104285673B CN 104285673 B CN104285673 B CN 104285673B CN 201410565697 A CN201410565697 A CN 201410565697A CN 104285673 B CN104285673 B CN 104285673B
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
A kind of mushroom plant production method, comprises the following steps: wood chip processed; Batching; Pack; Sterilizing; Bacterium cylinder is sent in sterilizing chamber and adopts steam sterilizing, directly send between seed receiving vehicle after sterilizing; Inoculation; Fruiting; Realize mushroom plant by above step to produce.The system that a kind of mushroom plant is produced, comprise system bits device, weigh between mixing arrangement, bacterium wound packages bagging apparatus, sterilizing chamber, seed receiving vehicle and fruiting workshop, system bits device is connected with weighing mixing arrangement by conveying plant, weighs mixing arrangement and is connected with bacterium wound packages bagging apparatus by conveying plant; Two ends, sterilizing chamber are respectively equipped with the first hermatic door and the second hermatic door, and wherein the first hermatic door is as far as possible near bacterium wound packages bagging apparatus, and the second hermatic door is located immediately in seed receiving vehicle.The present invention, to reduce the probability of bacterium cylinder bacteria infection in production process, improves the efficiency of inoculation, reduces labour intensity.Improve the availability of equipment, achieve continuous prodution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Lentnus edodes field, particularly a kind of mushroom plant production method and system.
Background technology
Although Bag Material Lentnus edodes technology has developed for many years, and it is comparatively universal, but the technology that really can realize factorial praluction is still immature at present, labour intensity is high, the phenomenons such as production efficiency is low, and lness ratio of plant is high, and living contaminants, misshapen mushroom, fruiting are irregular often occur, have a strong impact on the efficiency of Lentnus edodes, i.e. the quality of mushroom.
Chinese patent literature CN 102919054 A discloses a kind of Bag Material Lentnus edodes method, and can improve the quality of product, but the method is comparatively complicated, relies on manual operation more, production efficiency is low, and production cost is high.Such as in inoculation step, need postvaccinal bacterium cylinder bagging again, at substantial manpower.Artificial Control canopy temperature during management of producing mushroom, cost is higher.Especially bacterium cylinder needs repeatedly moisturizing, further increases cost.
Chinese patent literature CN 203313775 U discloses a kind of lentinus edodes greenhouse of temperature-adjustable, can regulate the temperature in booth, but this structure is mainly applicable to the lower north of temperature, and poor in the southern result of use that temperature is higher.
The cultivation matrix of current edible mushroom mushroom is mainly divided into:
1) wood type matrix.Research representative plants mushroom with Wang Jun peak on the basis of broadleaf tree after adding a certain proportion of Common zenia, makes biological transformation ratio reach 10.956-11.096%, but also has certain gap based on the biological efficiency of the conventional cultivation matrix of broad-leaved wood chip.White popinac is replaced wheat bran by Chen Fangshun, microbiological contamination rate is made to reduce by 11.8%, the output increased 5.1% of fresh mushroom, compared with weed tree sawdust, the Mixed culture material mushroom culture adding white popinac can increase production fresh mushroom 52.4%, and biologicak efficiency improves 26.7%, but white popinac price is very expensive, mainly originate in the torrid zone, significantly limit it and utilize.
2) plant stem-leaf class cultivation matrix.The ratio that research representative carries out gradient with Chen Jinhua fruit mulberry branch part and weed tree sawdust is mixed into row cultivating champignon, the differentiation of mixed culture matrix mycelial growth in the early stage, fruit body primordium is all better than with weed tree sawdust for main cultivation expects to cultivate the mushroom obtained with growth and the aspect such as output, quality in later stage, biological efficiency can reach 98.3%, higher than conventional formulation by 9.8%, but its output has lability, bacterium cylinder easily disperses.Xia Zhilan have studied with a certain amount of waste of flax powder and weed tree sawdust mixed culture mushroom, and result shows, waste of flax powder can improve compactibility and the moisture capacity of bacterium cylinder, but fruiting later stage oligotrophy, the fruiting phase is short, yields poorly, and flower mushroom rate is low.
3) plant shell class cultivation matrix.Lv Mingliang utilizes a certain amount of Li Pu powder and wood chip to be mixed into the cultivation of mushroom of holding or participate in a prayer service at a temple, and result shows that Li Pu powder can promote the growth rate of mushroom mycelium, and make tide secondary clearly demarcated, but yield poorly, it is thin that quality presents mushroom flower bud mostly, and mushroom bar is thick.
4) waste material class cultivation matrix.The Feng Jinggang facts sustain feasibility of corncob cultivating Xianggu mushroom by crude materials, facilitates the high-throughput of mushroom, but conditional request is strict, complex management.Woodear has been carried out open cultivating champignon by Wu Yunhan, saves production cost and manpower, and decreases the pollution to environment, but relative to general weed tree sawdust, cost is high.Cotton stalk bits are applied on cultivating champignon base-material by Xia Min, and its biological efficiency can reach 84%, but it exists oligotrophy, and easily loose bag, causes mushroom life cycle to shorten, and output reduces.
Mushroom contains rich in protein, amino acid, vitamin, several mineral materials, is loved by the people, and is a kind of healthy food.Mushroom is the second in the world class edible mushroom being only second to agaricus bisporus, at present, China's mushroom production accounts for 70% of world's mushroom gross yield, mushroom has all been cultivated according to its natural environment in the province of China more than 70%, but, how effectively to improve mushroom production, enhance productivity, reduce production cost, reduce working condition, save ecological resources and annoying the research of the producer to mushroom always.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of mushroom plant production method, can improve Lentnus edodes efficiency, reduces production cost, reduce miscellaneous bacteria to infect, in the scheme of optimization, can waste material be made full use of, on the basis not reducing mushroom quality, reduce the usage amount of wood chip.
Another technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of mushroom plant production system, the availability of equipment can be improved, improve Lentnus edodes efficiency, reduce labour intensity, optimized device layout reduces miscellaneous bacteria and infects probability, especially fruiting link effectively can control the temperature in fruiting workshop, reduces energy consumption, realizes annual continuous seepage.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of mushroom plant production method, comprises the following steps:
System bits device is connected with weighing mixing arrangement by conveying plant, weighs mixing arrangement and is connected with bacterium wound packages bagging apparatus by conveying plant;
One, wood chip processed;
Wood chip is made particle diameter at below 10mm;
Two, prepare burden;
Wood chip is mixed with batching;
Three, pack:
Utilized by mixed material bacterium wound packages bagging apparatus to load in plastic sack and make bacterium cylinder, and seal;
Four, sterilizing;
Bacterium cylinder is sent in sterilizing chamber and adopts steam sterilizing, directly send between seed receiving vehicle after sterilizing;
Two ends, sterilizing chamber are respectively equipped with the first hermatic door and the second hermatic door, and wherein the first hermatic door is as far as possible near bacterium wound packages bagging apparatus, and the second hermatic door is located immediately in seed receiving vehicle, and sterilizing chamber is respectively equipped with steam inlet tube and steam comb;
Five, inoculate;
Bacterial classification is implanted in bacterium cylinder from bacterium drum outer wall, and directly utilizes bacterial classification to seal the hole of bacterium drum outer wall;
Six, fruiting;
Bacterium cylinder is sent into fruiting workshop, in fruiting workshop, is provided with temperature adjustment, damping and forced ventilation device;
And control temperature, humidity and ventilation, until fruiting;
Realize mushroom plant by above step to produce.
In step 2, the material making bacterium cylinder comprises the raw material of following weight portion: wood chip 30-80 part, pericarp, pomace and/or straw 8-28 part, water absorbing agent 1-10 part, beancake powder and/or wheat bran 5-20 part, gypsum 0.5-2 part, shitosan 0.5-2.0 part.
Bacterial classification is added water and makes ooze shape, with the hole for inoculating of the bacterial classification of ooze shape sealing bacterium drum outer wall after inoculation.
A kind of system for above-mentioned mushroom plant production method, comprise system bits device, weigh between mixing arrangement, bacterium wound packages bagging apparatus, sterilizing chamber, seed receiving vehicle and fruiting workshop, system bits device is connected with weighing mixing arrangement by conveying plant, weighs mixing arrangement and is connected with bacterium wound packages bagging apparatus by conveying plant;
Two ends, sterilizing chamber are respectively equipped with the first hermatic door and the second hermatic door, and wherein the first hermatic door is as far as possible near bacterium wound packages bagging apparatus, and the second hermatic door is located immediately in seed receiving vehicle, and sterilizing chamber is respectively equipped with steam inlet tube and steam comb;
Temperature adjustment, damping and forced ventilation device is provided with in fruiting workshop.
Be provided with gas distribution canal in described ground, sterilizing chamber, the outlet of steam inlet tube is positioned at gas distribution canal, and gas distribution canal top is provided with multiple qi-emitting hole, and steam comb is provided with air bleeding valve.
In described system bits device, saw cutting device by conveying plant with roll breaking device and be connected, roll breaking device and be connected with hammer type crushing device by conveying plant;
In described saw cutting device, be provided with gang saw device above sawing frame, the side relative with gang saw device is provided with pusher, and described gang saw device is multiple saw blade or chain saws of being driven rotation by drive unit of being arranged in juxtaposition;
Described rolls in breaking device, and what at least one pair of was arranged in parallel drives by drive unit the roll rotated, and roller surface is provided with along axis and multiplely rolls cutting disc, two rolls roll cutting disc interlaced arrangement.
In described fruiting workshop, top is provided with transparent top, arranges, be provided with gap between layer frame for the layer frame placing bacterium cylinder along fruiting workshop width, at least side along its length, fruiting workshop is provided with multiple door, and the position of door is corresponding with the gap between layer frame;
The top of door is provided with water screen apparatus, and be provided with humidification shower in fruiting workshop, water screen apparatus is communicated with circulation well with circulating pump by pipeline with humidification shower;
Also be provided with recharge well, recharge well is communicated with circulation well by small pump;
Be provided with circulation canal in fruiting workshop, circulation canal is communicated with circulation well;
At least one end of fruiting workshop width is provided with air exhausting device.
Described transparent top is double-deck, top is the first transparent top, below is the second transparent top, second transparent top is impermeable layer material, cooling shower is provided with between the first transparent top and the second transparent top, cooling shower is also communicated with circulation well with circulating pump by pipeline, and the position minimum on the second transparent top is provided with drainpipe.
Water screen apparatus is provided with inductor, to suspend the operation of water screen apparatus after sensing obstacle.
The outer wall in described fruiting workshop is insulation construction, and fruiting workshop at least 1/4 elevation is positioned at underground, is provided with ramp in the position of door.
A kind of mushroom plant production method provided by the invention and system, can reduce the probability of bacterium cylinder bacteria infection in production process, improves the efficiency of inoculation, reduces labour intensity.In preferred scheme, adopt the cultivation matrix optimized, the cultivation matrix consolidation in bacterium cylinder, not loose, water content can control, and water retention property is good, and multiple batches of harvesting mushroom is all without water filling.Go out mycelia rate high, mycelia quality is good, and miscellaneous bacteria is few.Mushroom flower bud is in batches even, and flower mushroom quality is high.Decrease a bagging operation in seeded process, reduce labour intensity.Mushroom plant production system of the present invention, improves the production efficiency of equipment, achieves continuous prodution.Adopt sterilizing chamber and the mode be directly communicated with between seed receiving vehicle, reduce the probability of bacterium cylinder bacteria infection, be also convenient to reduce by a bagging operation in the later stage.The structure in the fruiting workshop of improving, is convenient to regulate temperature and humidity in fruiting workshop, so that realize annual continuous seepage with lower energy consumption.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described:
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the inventive method.
Fig. 2 is the main TV structure schematic diagram of saw cutting device in present system.
Fig. 3 is the left TV structure schematic diagram of saw cutting device in present system.
Fig. 4 is the main TV structure schematic diagram rolling breaking device in present system.
Fig. 5 is the plan structure schematic diagram rolling breaking device in present system.
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of hammer type crushing device in present system.
Fig. 7 is the structural representation stirring bucket in present system.
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of bacterium wound packages bagging apparatus in present system.
Fig. 9 is the structural representation in present system between sterilizing chamber and seed receiving vehicle.
Figure 10 is the cross sectional representation in fruiting workshop in present system.
Figure 11 is the schematic front view in fruiting workshop in present system.
In figure: saw cutting device 1, pusher 101, limited block 102, gang saw device 103, sawing frame 104, chain saw 105, sawing motor 106, round log 107, sawing flywheel 108, roll breaking device 2, roll 201, roll cutting disc 202, roll flywheel 203, hammer type crushing device 3, stir bucket 4, bacterium wound packages bagging apparatus 5, sterilizing chamber 6, first hermatic door 61, second hermatic door 62, steam inlet tube 63, steam comb 64, gas distribution canal 65, transfer dolly 66, air bleeding valve 67, between seed receiving vehicle 7, shadow ply 71, fruiting workshop 8, first transparent top 801, second transparent top 802, air-conditioning 803, cooling shower 804, humidification shower 805, layer frame 806, bacterium cylinder 807, ramp 808, air exhausting device 809, circulation canal 810, circulation well 811, circulating pump 812, small pump 813, recharge well 814, ground 815, water screen apparatus 816, inductor 817.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
As in Fig. 1, a kind of mushroom plant production method, comprises the following steps:
One, wood chip processed;
Wood chip is made particle diameter at below 10mm;
Two, prepare burden;
Wood chip is mixed with batching;
Three, pack:
Utilized by mixed material bacterium wound packages bagging apparatus 5 to load specification for making bacterium cylinder in 20cm × 50cm polypropylene plastics bacterium cylinder, and seal;
Four, sterilizing;
As shown in Figure 9, bacterium cylinder 807 is sent in sterilizing chamber 6 from first hermatic door 61 of one end, sterilizing chamber 6 and adopts steam sterilizing, directly to send between seed receiving vehicle in 7 from the second hermatic door 62 of sterilizing chamber 6 other end after sterilizing and inoculate, between seed receiving vehicle, the top of 7 is provided with shadow ply 71, makes bacterium cylinder 807 issue bacterium in shady and cool condition.Vapor (steam) temperature is 100-130 DEG C, and steam pressure is 0.015 ~ 0.05 MPa, and because adopting higher pressure, coordinate the hermetically-sealed construction of sterilizing chamber 6, sterilization time shortens, and only needs 16-18h.24 more traditional h sterilization times reduce by more than 25%, also reduce energy consumption simultaneously.After sterilizing completes, open air bleeding valve 67, naturally cool to normal temperature.
Five, inoculate;
Bacterial classification is implanted in bacterium cylinder 807 from bacterium cylinder 807 outer wall, and directly utilizes bacterial classification to seal the hole of bacterium cylinder 807 outer wall; Bacterial classification is added water and makes ooze shape, with the hole for inoculating of the bacterial classification of ooze shape sealing bacterium cylinder 807 outer wall after inoculation.After inoculation, the drying of bacterial classification outer surface realizes sealing effectiveness.Without the need at bacterium cylinder 807 overcoat Polythene Bag,
When inoculation mouth mycelial growth is to acanthopore ventilation when 5 ~ 9 centimetres;
Six, fruiting;
Bacterium cylinder 807 is sent into fruiting workshop 8, and control temperature is the highest is no more than 30 DEG C, day and night temperature reaches 12 DEG C, humidity is 60 ~ 85% and ventilate, until fruiting; After mushroom flower bud appears in bacterium cylinder, scratch the bacterium cylinder near mushroom flower bud, can gather after fruit body mycoderm breaks.
Realize mushroom plant by above step to produce.
Embodiment 2:
Preferred on the basis of embodiment 1, in step 2, the material making bacterium cylinder 807 comprises the raw material of following weight portion: wood chip 30-80 part, pericarp, pomace and/or straw 8-28 part, water absorbing agent 1-10 part, beancake powder and/or wheat bran 5-20 part, gypsum 0.5-2 part, shitosan 0.5-2.0 part.
Embodiment 3:
On the basis of embodiment 2, preferred technical scheme is as follows further, strains tested: for examination bacterial classification: the autumn plants No. 7, be applicable to the cultivation of mushroom layer in autumn frame, Performance of cultivar is that mushroom body is medium bigger than normal, and mushroom handle is thin and short, and mushroom lid circle is thick, fruiting temperature is 8-25 DEG C, cell age 65-75 days, fruiting is fast, and output is high.
The pretreatment of cultivation matrix: be exposed to the sun after the needle wood chip of 4-7mm is mixed with 2:1 with fruit tree wood chip within 3 days, be placed in water soak 24h, sesame stalk is crushed to 80 orders after being exposed to the sun 2-3 days, and be placed in normal-temperature water and soak 20h, orange peel, pomelo peel, pomace is exposed to the sun and was crushed to 80 orders, make wood chip, sesame stalk softness is loose, easily absorbs water.
The spice of cultivation matrix: by wood chip 72kg, sesame stalk 14kg after being exposed to the sun in above-mentioned steps, orange peel 5kg, pomelo peel 8kg beancake powder 10kg, wheat bran 12kg, mix and stir, spray water and control the water content to 60% of this mixture, by 1.3kg gypsum, 1.4kg shitosan warm water sprays in this mixture after dissolving, continue to stir, then spill in said mixture using crossing 120 object konjaku flour 6.7kg as water absorbing agent, continue to stir, to spray water again and the water content controlling mixture reaches 70%, complete the spice of cultivation matrix.
The pack of cultivation matrix, sterilizing: it is in 20cm × 50cm polypropylene bacterium bag that the mixture in above-mentioned steps is loaded specification, and be placed in sterilizing chamber 6 with transfer car(buggy), passing into vapor (steam) temperature is 100-130 DEG C, and steam pressure is 0.015 ~ 0.05 MPa, keeps 18h to carry out sterilizing.Then open air bleeding valve 67, lower the temperature, when temperature is down to less than 40 DEG C, open the second hermatic door 62, bacterium cylinder is directly sent into 7 inoculations between seed receiving vehicle.
Each bacterium cylinder is made a call to 5 holes, and by bacterial classification access aperture, bacterial classification adds water and makes ooze shape, with the hole for inoculating of the bacterial classification of ooze shape sealing bacterium cylinder 807 outer wall after inoculation.After inoculation, bacterial classification outer surface blowing drying realizes sealing effectiveness.
Annesl, fruiting: cover with after whole bacterium cylinder until the mycelia in above-mentioned steps, puncture on bacterium cylinder, and control temperature is the highest is no more than 30 DEG C, day and night temperature reaches 12 DEG C, humidity is 50 ~ 85% and ventilate, until fruiting; After mushroom flower bud appears in bacterium cylinder, scratch the bacterium cylinder near mushroom flower bud, can gather after fruit body mycoderm breaks.
To gather mushroom: first mushroom of gathering after the fruit body mycoderm in above-mentioned steps breaks, after gathering, need not injection water, further control indoor temperature to 25 DEG C, keep 2 days, again control day and night temperature to 18 DEG C, keep night temperatures to 4 ± 2 DEG C, indoor humidity to 50 ~ 75%, after mushroom flower bud appears in bacterium rod, scratch the bacterium cylinder near mushroom flower bud, second batch mushroom of can gathering after fruit body mycoderm breaks, so, can gather 3-4 time.
In this example, purseful time: 39.5 days, annesl time: 53.5 days, budding the time: 76 days, collecting time: 80.5 days.Output: 1264.8 g/ bacterium cylinders, biological efficiency: 92.5%, psychrometric ratio: 16.4%, middle mushroom ratio: 79.5%.
Embodiment 4:
On the basis of embodiment 2, preferred technical scheme is as follows further, strains tested: strains tested: for examination bacterial classification: the autumn plants No. 7, be applicable to the cultivation of mushroom layer in autumn frame, Performance of cultivar is that mushroom body is medium bigger than normal, and mushroom handle is thin and short, and mushroom lid circle is thick, fruiting temperature is 8-25 DEG C, cell age 65-75 days, fruiting is fast, and output is high.
The pretreatment of cultivation matrix: be exposed to the sun after the hardwood crumbs of 4-7mm is mixed with 2:1 with fruit tree wood chip within 3 days, be placed in water soak 24h, vanilla root is crushed to 80 orders after being exposed to the sun 2-3 days, and be placed in normal-temperature water and soak 20h, pomace, orange peel are exposed to the sun and were crushed to 80 orders, make wood chip and unclassified stores softness loose, easily absorb water.
The spice of cultivation matrix: by wood chip 72kg, vanilla root 14kg after being exposed to the sun in above-mentioned steps, orange peel 5kg, pomelo peel 4kg, pomace 4kg, beancake powder 10kg, wheat bran 12kg, mix and stir, spray water and control the water content to 60% of this mixture, by 1.3kg gypsum, 1.4kg shitosan warm water sprays in this mixture after dissolving, continue to stir, then spill in said mixture by crossing 120 object konjaku flour 6.7kg, continue to stir, to spray water again and the water content controlling mixture reaches 70%, complete the spice of cultivation matrix.
The pack of cultivation matrix, sterilizing: it is in 20cm × 50cm polypropylene bacterium bag that the mixture in above-mentioned steps is loaded specification, and be placed in sterilizing chamber 6 with transfer car(buggy), passing into vapor (steam) temperature is 100-130 DEG C, and steam pressure is 0.015 ~ 0.05 MPa, keeps 18h to carry out sterilizing.Then open air bleeding valve 67, lower the temperature, when temperature is down to less than 40 DEG C, open the second hermatic door 62, bacterium cylinder is directly sent into 7 inoculations between seed receiving vehicle.
Each bacterium cylinder is made a call to 5 holes, and by bacterial classification access aperture, bacterial classification adds water and makes ooze shape, with the hole for inoculating of the bacterial classification of ooze shape sealing bacterium cylinder 807 outer wall after inoculation.After inoculation, bacterial classification outer surface blowing drying realizes sealing effectiveness.
Annesl, fruiting: cover with after whole bacterium cylinder until the mycelia in above-mentioned steps, puncture on bacterium cylinder, and control temperature is the highest is no more than 30 DEG C, day and night temperature reaches 12 DEG C, humidity is 50 ~ 85% and ventilate, until fruiting; After mushroom flower bud appears in bacterium cylinder, scratch the bacterium cylinder near mushroom flower bud, can gather after fruit body mycoderm breaks.
To gather mushroom: first mushroom of gathering after the fruit body mycoderm in above-mentioned steps breaks, after gathering, need not injection water, further control indoor temperature to 25 DEG C, keep 2 days, again control day and night temperature to 18 DEG C, keep night temperatures to 4 ± 2 DEG C, indoor humidity to 50 ~ 75%, after mushroom flower bud appears in bacterium rod, scratch the bacterium cylinder near mushroom flower bud, second batch mushroom of can gathering after fruit body mycoderm breaks, so, can gather 3-4 time.
In this example, purseful time: 36.7 days, annesl time: 45.5 days, budding the time: 74.8 days, collecting time: 78.5 days.Output: 1112.5g/ bacterium cylinder, biological efficiency: 91.6%, psychrometric ratio: 15.19%, middle mushroom ratio: 79.4%.
Embodiment 5:
As the system for above-mentioned mushroom plant production method a kind of in Fig. 1 ~ 11, comprise system bits device, weigh mixing arrangement, bacterium wound packages bagging apparatus 5, sterilizing chamber 6, between seed receiving vehicle 7 and fruiting workshop 8, system bits device is connected with weighing mixing arrangement by conveying plant, weighs mixing arrangement and is connected with bacterium wound packages bagging apparatus 5 by conveying plant;
Two ends, sterilizing chamber 6 are respectively equipped with the first hermatic door 61 and the second hermatic door 62, and wherein the first hermatic door 61 to be located immediately between seed receiving vehicle in 7 near bacterium wound packages bagging apparatus 5, second hermatic door 62 as far as possible, and sterilizing chamber 6 is respectively equipped with steam inlet tube 63 and steam comb 64;
Temperature adjustment, damping and forced ventilation device is provided with in fruiting workshop 8.
In existing Lentnus edodes process, use more manpower, and Equipments Setting is also unbalanced, showing as system bits device is a bottleneck, affects the progress of downstream process.And in prior art after sterilizing chamber 6 sterilizing, bacterium cylinder 807 is transported to adopting transfer car(buggy) between seed receiving vehicle between 7, there is the risk from air subinfection again, adopt and sterilizing chamber 67 to be directly connected with between seed receiving vehicle, directly to open between seed receiving vehicle in 7 by the second hermatic door 62 of sterilizing chamber 6, thus avoid the infection in transport process.Sterilizing chamber 6 in this example is multiple, arranges along 7 sidewalls between seed receiving vehicle.Adopt the mode of sealing sterilizing in this example, improve sterilization effect.
Preferred structure is as in Fig. 9, and be provided with gas distribution canal 65 in described ground, sterilizing chamber 6, the outlet of steam inlet tube 63 is positioned at gas distribution canal 65, and gas distribution canal 65 top is provided with multiple qi-emitting hole, and steam comb 64 is provided with air bleeding valve 67.Because the Temperature Distribution in sterilizing chamber 6 progressively increases from top to bottom, for guaranteeing sterilization effect, this example have employed the structure of gas distribution canal 65, and steam is first passed into the gas distribution canal 65 in ground, sterilizing chamber 6, enter into sterilizing chamber 6 by qi-emitting hole again, guarantee the homogeneous temperature in sterilizing chamber 6.The air bleeding valve 67 arranged, passing in steam course, is intermittently opened, and is beneficial to temperature in sterilizing chamber 6 and keeps, and after sterilizing completes, opens air bleeding valve 67 completely and lowers the temperature.Preferably on steam comb 64, be provided with fan blower, be beneficial to pass into new wind, steam inlet tube 63 is provided with new wind entrance, the new wind entered can be introduced between seed receiving vehicle, and arranges sea water bath and carry out washing disinfectant.
Existing system bits device adopts planing and hammer type crushing device to coordinate and makes wood chip, but the method efficiency is very low, and energy consumption is high, and tool wear is large.Constrain follow-up pack operation.
The scheme optimized as in Fig. 2 ~ 6, in described system bits device, saw cutting device 1 by conveying plant with roll breaking device 2 and be connected, roll breaking device 2 and be connected with hammer type crushing device 3 by conveying plant; Be provided with in hammer type crushing device 3 and tremble sieve, not shown, for removing needle-like wood chip.
As in Fig. 2,3, in described saw cutting device 1, be provided with gang saw device 103 above sawing frame 104, the side relative with gang saw device 103 is provided with pusher 101, and described gang saw device 103 is the multiple saw blade or the chain saw that are driven rotation by drive unit that are arranged in juxtaposition; Structure is, sawing motor 106 is arranged in the frame of gang saw device, be connected with gang saw main shaft by transmission mechanism, gang saw main shaft is provided with multiple saw blade, or multiple chain saw 105, and the raw material adopting saw blade or chain saw 105 to process as required is determined, preferably, gang saw main shaft Shanghai is provided with sawing flywheel 108, for putting aside energy, makes sawing more steady.During use, raw material pushes until touch limited block 102, after induction installation senses raw material juggle, pusher 101 starts, the piston rod of cylinder stretches out, and pushes raw material juggle to gang saw device 103, thus raw material juggle is cut into the disk of multiple thickness at 3-5cm.Preferably, the pusher termination of pusher 101 adopts the termination of fork-shaped, for the disk cut being pushed through the position of saw blade or chain saw 105.Below gang saw device 103, be provided with conveyer belt, discoid log is transported to next operation.
Preferred scheme is as in Fig. 4,5, described rolls in breaking device 2, at least one pair of roll 201 being driven opposite direction rotating by drive unit be arranged in parallel, preferably, rotating speed with the roll 201 of a pair is different, namely utilize between speed official post roll 201 and also there is the effect of rubbing, to improve crushing efficiency.Preferably, one in two rolls 201 is coaxially provided with roll flywheel 203, improves roll roll and cut efficiency to utilize the inertia of roll flywheel 203, roll 201 surface is provided with along axis multiplely rolls cutting disc 202, two rolls 201 roll cutting disc 202 interlaced arrangement.Preferably, in this example, adopt two groups of rolls 201, become to arrange up and down, upper roll 201 roll cutting disc 202 spacing be greater than under roll 201 roll cutting disc 202 spacing, thus form less wooden unit.During use, the discoid log that conveying mechanism comes is sent between roll 201, is rolled cutting disc 202 fragmentation, thus forms less wooden unit.
Less wooden unit sends into hammer type crushing device 3, is ground into wood chip, and the granularity of wood chip, at below 5mm, after hammer type crushing device 3, is sent into and trembled sieve, sieve out the wood chip of needle-like, can send into and stir bucket 4.The wood chip of needle-like is again sent to hammer type crushing device 3 and pulverizes.
Wood chip is sent into through automatic weighing and is stirred bucket 4 after lifting device promotes, pomace, pericarp etc. are directly sent into hammer type crushing device 3 and are pulverized, same feeding through automatic weighing after lifting device stirs bucket 4, beancake powder, wheat bran are sent into through automatic weighing and are stirred bucket 4 after lifting device, gypsum, shitosan are sent into water premixed and are stirred bucket 4 after automatic weighing in blending bin, and konjaku flour sends into stirring bucket 4 through automatic weighing as the material of water absorbing agent after lifting device.The device of automatic weighing adopts high-precision belt conveyer scale.
The material be stirred, sends into fruiting workshop 8 after pack, sterilizing, inoculation success.Bacterium wound packages bagging apparatus 5 is equipment conventional in prior art.Bacterium cylinder 807 bundle bag perforating device adopt the equipment recorded in Chinese patent literature 2013101062937 bacterium cylinder perforating device to realize mechanization production.
Preferred scheme is as in Figure 10,11, in described fruiting workshop 8, top is provided with transparent top, layer frame 806 for placing bacterium cylinder is arranged along fruiting workshop 8 width, gap is provided with between layer frame 806, at least side along its length, fruiting workshop 8 is provided with multiple door, and the position of door is corresponding with the gap between layer frame 806; In this example, the two ends in fruiting workshop 8 arrange row's layer frame 806, and all the other are set to two row's layer frame, thus reduce the quantity of door, as shown in Figure 11.
The top of door is provided with water screen apparatus 816, and be provided with humidification shower 805 in fruiting workshop 8, water screen apparatus 816 is communicated with circulation well 811 with circulating pump 812 by pipeline with humidification shower 805;
Also be provided with recharge well 814, recharge well 814 is communicated with circulation well 811 by small pump 813;
Be provided with circulation canal 810 in fruiting workshop 8, circulation canal 810 is communicated with circulation well 811;
At least one end in preferable width direction, fruiting workshop 8 is provided with air exhausting device 809.Preferably be arranged on the two ends in fruiting workshop 8.Air exhausting device 809, except for except ventilating, can also make the water smoke of cascade enter in fruiting workshop 8, thus reduces the temperature in fruiting workshop 8.The humidification shower 805 arranged, except can increasing the humidity in fruiting workshop 8, also may be used for lowering the temperature to fruiting workshop 8.The circulation well 811 arranged and the structure of recharge well 814, avoid the underground water in cooling water pollution deep-well, and adopt the phreatic water cooling water circulation of recharge well 814 can reduce the temperature of cycle water further.In this example, the degree of depth of recharge well is greater than the degree of depth of circulation well 811.
Preferred scheme is as in Figure 10 further, and described transparent top is double-deck, and top is that the first transparent top 801, transparent top 801, first adopts transparent watt.Below is the second transparent top 802, second transparent top 802 is impermeable layer material, cooling shower 804 is provided with between the first transparent top 801 and the second transparent top 802, cooling shower 804 is also communicated with circulation well 811 with circulating pump 812 by pipeline, and the position minimum on the second transparent top 802 is provided with drainpipe.Cooling shower 804 can utilize moisture to evaporate and realize cooling.Thus improving the effect of cooling, unnecessary cooling water enters circulation canal 810 by drainpipe.
Preferred scheme is as in Figure 11, and water screen apparatus 816 is provided with inductor 817, to suspend the operation of water screen apparatus 816 after sensing obstacle.Structure thus, with avoid water screen apparatus 816 spray water to come in and go out bacterium cylinder or operating personnel impact.
Preferred scheme is as in Figure 10 further, and the outer wall in described fruiting workshop 8 is insulation construction, and fruiting workshop 8 at least 1/4 elevation is positioned under ground 815, is provided with ramp 808, passes in and out fruiting workshop 8 from ramp 808 in the position of door.In this example, fruiting workshop 8 adopts roughly 1/2 to be positioned at structure under ground 815, structure thus, the heat insulation effect of the earth can be utilized, and reduce the energy consumption regulating temperature, for guaranteeing annual continuous seepage, preferably in fruiting workshop 8, be provided with air-conditioning 803, after tested, adopt after fruiting workshop 8 is positioned at the structure of underground, save the energy consumption about 45% of air-conditioning 803.
The above embodiments are only the preferred technical solution of the present invention; and should not be considered as restriction of the present invention; the technical scheme that protection scope of the present invention should be recorded with claim, the equivalents comprising technical characteristic in the technical scheme of claim record is protection domain.Namely the equivalent replacement within the scope of this improves, also within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a mushroom plant production method, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
System bits device is connected with weighing mixing arrangement by conveying plant, weighs mixing arrangement and is connected with bacterium wound packages bagging apparatus (5) by conveying plant;
One, wood chip processed:
Wood chip is made particle diameter at below 10mm;
Two, prepare burden:
Wood chip is mixed with batching;
Three, pack:
Utilized by mixed material bacterium wound packages bagging apparatus (5) to load in plastic sack and make bacterium cylinder, and seal;
Four, sterilizing:
Bacterium cylinder (807) is sent in sterilizing chamber (6) and adopts steam sterilizing, directly send between seed receiving vehicle (7) after sterilizing;
Sterilizing chamber (6) two ends are respectively equipped with the first hermatic door (61) and the second hermatic door (62), wherein the first hermatic door (61) is as far as possible near bacterium wound packages bagging apparatus (5), second hermatic door (62) is located immediately between seed receiving vehicle in (7), and sterilizing chamber (6) are respectively equipped with steam inlet tube (63) and steam comb (64);
Five, inoculate:
Bacterial classification is implanted in bacterium cylinder (807) from bacterium cylinder (807) outer wall, and directly utilizes bacterial classification to seal the hole of bacterium cylinder (807) outer wall;
Six, fruiting:
Bacterium cylinder (807) is sent into fruiting workshop (8), and fruiting workshop is provided with temperature adjustment, damping and forced ventilation device in (8); And control temperature, humidity and ventilation, until fruiting; Realize mushroom plant by above step to produce.
2. a kind of mushroom plant production method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step 2, the material making bacterium cylinder (807) comprises the raw material of following weight portion: wood chip 30-80 part, pericarp, pomace and/or straw 8-28 part, water absorbing agent 1-10 part, beancake powder and/or wheat bran 5-20 part, gypsum 0.5-2 part, shitosan 0.5-2.0 part.
3. a kind of mushroom plant production method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: added water by bacterial classification and make ooze shape, with the hole for inoculating of the bacterial classification of ooze shape sealing bacterium cylinder (807) outer wall after inoculation.
4. the system for the mushroom plant production method described in any one of claims 1 to 3, comprise system bits device, weigh between mixing arrangement, bacterium wound packages bagging apparatus (5), sterilizing chamber (6), seed receiving vehicle (7) and fruiting workshop (8), it is characterized in that: system bits device is connected with weighing mixing arrangement by conveying plant, weighs mixing arrangement and is connected with bacterium wound packages bagging apparatus (5) by conveying plant;
Sterilizing chamber (6) two ends are respectively equipped with the first hermatic door (61) and the second hermatic door (62), wherein the first hermatic door (61) is as far as possible near bacterium wound packages bagging apparatus (5), second hermatic door (62) is located immediately between seed receiving vehicle in (7), and sterilizing chamber (6) are respectively equipped with steam inlet tube (63) and steam comb (64);
Fruiting workshop is provided with temperature adjustment, damping and forced ventilation device in (8).
5. a kind of mushroom plant production system according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: in described sterilizing chamber (6) ground, be provided with gas distribution canal (65), the outlet of steam inlet tube (63) is positioned at gas distribution canal (65), gas distribution canal (65) top is provided with multiple qi-emitting hole, and steam comb (64) is provided with air bleeding valve (67).
6. a kind of mushroom plant production system according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: in described system bits device, saw cutting device (1) by conveying plant with roll breaking device (2) and be connected, roll breaking device (2) and be connected with hammer type crushing device (3) by conveying plant;
In described saw cutting device (1), sawing frame (104) top is provided with gang saw device (103), the side relative with gang saw device (103) is provided with pusher (101), and described gang saw device (103) is the multiple saw blade or the chain saw that are driven rotation by drive unit that are arranged in juxtaposition;
Described rolls in breaking device (2), and what at least one pair of was arranged in parallel drives by drive unit the roll (201) rotated, and roll (201) surface is provided with along axis multiplely rolls cutting disc (202), two rolls (201) roll cutting disc (202) interlaced arrangement.
7. a kind of mushroom plant production system according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: in described fruiting workshop (8), top is provided with transparent top, layer frame (806) for placing bacterium cylinder is arranged along fruiting workshop (8) width, gap is provided with between layer frame (806), at least side along its length, fruiting workshop (8) is provided with multiple door, and the position of door is corresponding with the gap between layer frame (806);
The top of door is provided with water screen apparatus (816), and be provided with humidification shower (805) in fruiting workshop (8), water screen apparatus (816) is communicated with circulation well (811) with circulating pump (812) by pipeline with humidification shower (805);
Also be provided with recharge well (814), recharge well (814) is communicated with circulation well (811) by small pump (813);
Be provided with circulation canal (810) in fruiting workshop (8), circulation canal (810) is communicated with circulation well (811);
At least one end of fruiting workshop (8) width is provided with air exhausting device (809).
8. a kind of mushroom plant production system according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described transparent top is for double-deck, top is the first transparent top (801), below is the second transparent top (802), second transparent top (802) is impermeable layer material, cooling shower (804) is provided with between the first transparent top (801) and the second transparent top (802), cooling shower (804) is also communicated with circulation well (811) with circulating pump (812) by pipeline, and the position minimum on the second transparent top (802) is provided with drainpipe.
9. a kind of mushroom plant production system according to claim 7, is characterized in that: water screen apparatus (816) is provided with inductor (817), to suspend the operation of water screen apparatus (816) after sensing obstacle.
10. a kind of mushroom plant production system according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: the outer wall in described fruiting workshop (8) is insulation construction, fruiting workshop (8) at least 1/4 elevation is positioned under ground (815), is provided with ramp (808) in the position of door.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107242415A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-10-13 | 桂林实力科技有限公司 | A kind of Momordica grosvenori pomace processing system |
| CN108029455A (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2018-05-15 | 山东七河生物科技股份有限公司 | Cultivating champignon water conservation compost and its application process |
| CN108391557A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-08-14 | 务川自治县惠农现代农业开发有限公司 | A kind of breeding method of mushroom |
| CN108934787A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2018-12-07 | 洛宁华翔农业科技开发有限公司 | A kind of mushroom inoculation mushroom puncher with cooling humidification function |
| CN110447461A (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2019-11-15 | 贵州山环菌草科技有限公司 | A kind of cultural method improving edible mushroom yield and quality |
| CN114731902A (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-07-12 | 随州菇鲜美农业发展有限公司 | Box type cultivation method for champignon basswood |
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