CN104284683A - 改良杀菌方法 - Google Patents

改良杀菌方法 Download PDF

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CN104284683A
CN104284683A CN201380024885.2A CN201380024885A CN104284683A CN 104284683 A CN104284683 A CN 104284683A CN 201380024885 A CN201380024885 A CN 201380024885A CN 104284683 A CN104284683 A CN 104284683A
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peracetic acid
stabilizing agent
thermal current
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J·M·罗维森
R·米蒂佳
D·拉法姆
W·安
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract

一种对材料进行杀菌的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:a)提供一种杀菌组合物,其包含(i)过乙酸和(ii)稳定剂,选自柠檬酸、异柠檬酸、乌头酸和丙烷-1,2,3-三羧酸;b)将该杀菌组合物引入热气流,产生过乙酸蒸汽;和c)使过乙酸蒸汽与要杀菌的物质接触。使用这样的有机酸稳定剂可使用于蒸发杀菌组合物的加热表面上沉积的残余物量出乎意料的减少。

Description

改良杀菌方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种对材料进行杀菌的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:a)提供一种杀菌组合物,其包含(i)过氧乙酸和(ii)稳定剂,选自柠檬酸、异柠檬酸、乌头酸和丙烷-1,2,3-三羧酸;b)将该杀菌组合物引入热气流,产生过氧乙酸蒸汽;和c)使过氧乙酸蒸汽与要杀菌的物质接触。使用这样的有机酸稳定剂可使用于蒸发杀菌混合物的加热表面上沉积的残余物量出乎意料的减少。
背景技术
人们已认识到了为了健康和卫生对物件表面进行杀菌的必要性。人们需要有效的杀菌方法用于各种目的,包括无菌包装,医疗设备杀菌,生物杀灭带菌体以保护环境,熏蒸消毒,容器杀菌,食物处理等。
在为了这些用途用作杀菌剂的化合物中,有过乙酸(PAA),也称作过氧乙酸。为了延长PAA组合物的保存期,通常加入稳定剂。这些稳定剂作用是螯合剂,针对可能会破坏过氧键的溶解金属阳离子。
美国专利申请号2010/0196197描述了用蒸汽相过乙酸消毒表面。该出版物公开了用膦酸或酸稳定剂,例如Dequest2010、1-羟基乙烯-1,1-二膦酸稳定的过乙酸。虽然这样的方法能有效对各种不同表面进行消毒,也发现了在使用这些膦酸稳定剂时,用于蒸发过乙酸溶液的加热元件表面随着时间会被残余物覆盖。这样的残余物积聚要求定期清洁表面,这样的过程费时又昂贵。
因此,理想的是采取一种蒸汽相过氧乙酸作为杀菌剂的方法,这种方法不需要相对频繁地清洁所用元件的加热表面。
虽然过去已经发现了含有柠檬酸的PAA组合物,这种组合物仅仅被用于液体水相消毒应用。因此,例如,WO2008/079999公开了包含PAA、柠檬酸或其盐、水杨酸或其盐的杀菌组合物,组合物局部施加于要用溶液喷雾系统等消毒的表面。在某种程度上相似的是美国专利6,117,457和欧洲专利申请720814,两者都公开了在水相PAA产生系统中使用柠檬酸;其分别在鱼塘中作为pH调节剂或提供延长的pAA产生。
然而,现在出乎意料地发现当在蒸汽相杀菌中使用经有机酸,例如柠檬酸稳定的PAA时,在加热表面上积聚的残余物比使用膦酸稳定剂时显著减少。考虑到柠檬酸水溶液(不存在PAA时)会在加热表面上造成不良残余物积聚,这个结果尤为出乎意料。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种对材料进行杀菌的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:a)提供一种杀菌组合物,其包含(i)过氧乙酸和(ii)稳定剂,选自柠檬酸、异柠檬酸、乌头酸和丙烷-1,2,3-三羧酸;b)将该杀菌组合物引入热气流,产生过氧乙酸蒸汽;和c)使过氧乙酸蒸汽与要杀菌的物质接触。
该方法能够对材料有效蒸汽杀菌而无需频繁拆卸所用仪器,以除去在该仪器的加热表面上聚积的残余物。
因此,可以使用本发明的方法对很多种材料进行快速而经济的杀菌。
发明详述
本发明涉及一种对材料进行杀菌的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:a)提供一种杀菌组合物,其包含(i)过氧乙酸和(ii)稳定剂,选自柠檬酸、异柠檬酸、乌头酸和丙烷-1,2,3-三羧酸;b)将该杀菌组合物引入热气流,产生过氧乙酸蒸汽;和c)使过氧乙酸蒸汽与要杀菌的物质接触。
本发明中采用的术语“蒸气”意味着过乙酸基本完全处于气体形式的状态。这与薄雾或雾不同,薄雾和雾均包含显著比例的液滴悬浮在空气中。与使用薄雾或雾状态的过乙酸的情况不同,发现使用蒸气形式的过乙酸能够对材料进行极佳的杀菌,同时不会在材料表面上伴随形成水滴。
过乙酸通常以乙酸、过氧化氢和过乙酸的水性平衡混合物的形式使用。这些成分的重量比可有很大变化,视使用的具体PAA级别决定。在可以使用的PAA级别中包括具有:
以下PAA:过氧化氢:乙酸的重量比的那些:12-18:21-24:5-20;15:10:36;5:23:10和35:10:15。
PAA杀菌组合物中的稳定剂选自柠檬酸、异柠檬酸、乌头酸和丙烷-1,2,3-三羧酸。优选该稳定剂是柠檬酸。
通常,稳定剂的使用量是足以稳定PAA至少三个月。优选,稳定剂以足够稳定PAA至少六个月的浓度存在。
一般这样的稳定剂通常以约0.75%-1.5%,优选0.9%-1.25%;和更优选约1.0%-1.2%的量存在,所有这些百分数都是重量百分数,基于PAA组合物的总重量。
本发明方法中使用的组合物还可含有螯合剂例如吡啶二羧酸,以及其他成分,例如矿物酸催化剂(硫酸、硝酸、或磷酸);表面活性剂例如阴离子月桂酸盐,山梨糖醇及其各种酯,即聚乙烯山梨聚糖单月桂酸酯;和短链脂肪酸(C6-C12),在溶液中形成混合的过酸。
另外,本发明方法中使用的组合物还可包含一种或多种额外的氧化剂,选自氯过苯甲酸、过庚酸、过辛酸、过癸酸、过甲酸、过柠檬酸、过乙醇酸、过乳酸和过苯甲酸。
在本发明方法的实施中,优选在加入到已加热的气流之前,通过加入高质量的水(大于2MOhm电阻率或<0.5μ西门子电导率)将过乙酸杀菌组合物稀释到PAA浓度小于约10,000份/百万份(ppm),优选至浓度低于约4,000ppm的PAA。
该加热气流通常是无菌空气,但是也可以使用其它气体,例如氮气,CO2,或惰性稀有气体载体。该气流通常至少加热至至少约300℃,优选至约250℃的最低温度,可以超过350℃,只要其能充分冷却以供应用即可。通常随后将其冷却至约80-120℃,然后引入过乙酸溶液。引入过乙酸的点处加热气流的温度应比过乙酸的露点(约46.5-49.9℃)高至少5℃;即至少约55℃,以确保过乙酸转换成蒸汽,而不是雾或薄雾。
可以通过本领域技术人员众所周知的任意方法将过乙酸引入加热的气流中。一种优选的方法是直接注入溶液。
然后使过乙酸蒸气与待杀菌的材料接触足以杀灭所关心的污染物的一段时间。该段时间可根据各变量变化,所述变量例如所采用过乙酸蒸气的浓度;待灭菌物质的表面性质;待灭菌的具体污染物;待灭菌的污染物的浓度;等等。一般来说,所述接触通常保持约15-40分钟的时间。
可以使用本发明的方法对很多种材料进行杀菌,包括金属、塑料、聚合物和弹性体的硬表面。
该方法可用来对被那些细菌污染的物质进行灭菌,而人们通常用液体形式的过乙酸控制这些细菌。这些包括杆菌类的细菌和孢子,用苏云金杆菌(B.thuringiensis)和萎缩芽孢杆菌(B.atrophaeus)作为致病性更强的种类(形式)例如肉毒孢杆菌(C.botulinum)的替代物;以及经常用PAA控制的更常规种类的细菌、真菌和病毒以及原生动物,例如(但不限于):葡萄球菌(Staphlococcus),肠球菌(Enterococcus),沙门氏菌(Salmonella),弯曲杆菌(Campylobacter),假单胞菌(Pseudomonas),假丝酵母菌(Candida),根霉菌(Rhizopus),毛霉菌(Mucor),流感病毒(Influenza)、杆菌(Bacilli)等。
以下实施例用来进一步说明本发明,但不以任何方式构成本发明范围的限制。
实施例1
为了证明柠檬酸对PAA组合物的稳定效果,在浓缩PAA组合物中加入不同量的柠檬酸,这些组合物储藏于室温。在下表1-4所指明的时间处,定期分析这些组合物的样品中过乙酸(PAA);过氧化氢(H2O2);和乙酸(AA)含量(以重量百分数计);并计算其活性氧回收百分数(AO Rec)。这些表格中显示的数据表示柠檬酸能够稳定PAA组合物一段延长的时间,多于3或6个月。
表1:0.91%柠檬酸
加入后的天数 PAA% H2O2 AA% AO Rec%
-- 0.8438 15.0778 49.4288 88.94
1 2.8207 14.4139 47.1477 90.21
2 4.8579 13.7938 45.1340 91.89
3 6.8554 13.1946 43.4419 93.58
4 8.1230 12.7316 42.2202 94.18
8 12.1365 11.4882 38.1054 97.35
9 11.8892 11.2862 37.8752 95.55
10 12.8904 11.1100 37.6596 97.12
11 13.3851 11.0106 36.8579 97.82
14 15.3285 10.6744 35.9054 100.89
15 14.4656 10.6141 35.8921 98.32
16 14.7712 10.5483 36.6383 98.72
17 15.4082 10.5003 36.1812 100.09
18 15.0226 10.4909 36.6624 99.04
21 15.3530 10.3126 35.4124 98.87
28 16.1285 10.1703 34.9291 100.04
36 16.0191 10.0980 34.7712 99.35
43 16.6856 10.0932 34.0215 101.03
77 15.7208 9.8166 35.5012 96.96
95 15.8097 9.8772 35.7577 97.54
133 15.4084 9.7041 35.5974 95.51
162 14.2637 9.6438 36.2839 92.21
197 14.8616 9.5118 35.3907 92.99
228 14.5168 9.4222 35.9890 91.59
260 13.9939 9.2273 36.6908 89.12
285 13.8226 9.1102 36.1968 88.01
314 14.2674 9.0070 36.6037 88.56
344 13.3877 8.9848 36.4208 86.17
378 13.5115 8.8263 36.9739 85.57
403 13.0327 8.6849 37.7293 83.53
表2:1.00%柠檬酸
加入后的天数 PAA% H2O2 AA% AO Rec%
-- 0.8688 17.1802 47.8195 101.08
1 2.8990 15.7369 45.8501 98.00
2 5.1241 14.8095 43.8144 98.39
3 7.1400 13.9885 42.6610 98.86
4 8.4730 13.3357 41.1202 98.53
8 12.0610 11.7606 37.6254 98.70
9 12.8241 11.5194 37.3773 99.28
10 13.1537 11.3034 37.6218 98.88
11 13.3192 11.1213 37.4239 98.26
14 14.8345 10.7323 36.7059 99.92
15 14.8165 10.6578 36.3016 99.45
16 14.8555 10.5471 35.7440 98.91
17 14.9233 10.5083 36.4307 98.86
18 15.1771 10.4201 35.2700 99.01
21 15.5752 10.2907 35.7839 99.29
28 16.0195 10.1210 34.7292 99.45
36 15.4584 10.0619 35.0277 97.67
43 15.9848 10.0408 34.6613 98.90
77 15.6363 9.8988 35.8995 97.19
95 15.4839 9.8409 34.7765 96.46
133 15.0663 9.6691 36.3532 94.40
162 14.8545 9.6176 36.6276 93.56
197 14.8315 9.477 35.6838 92.69
228 14.4704 9.3548 36.0888 91.06
260 15.0582 9.2067 35.5108 91.72
285 14.3021 9.0621 36.2798 88.94
314 14.197 8.956 37.3694 88.06
344 13.9533 8.8917 36.8442 87.06
378 13.1943 8.7715 37.5735 84.42
403 12.9297 8.6296 37.1723 92.82
表3:1.15%柠檬酸
加入后的天数 PAA% H2O2 AA% AO Rec%
-- 0.9493 14.9203 49.7722 88.31
1 2.7103 14.0927 47.8537 88.08
2 4.8674 13.5088 45.8163 90.27
3 6.7840 12.8510 44.2981 91.42
4 8.0746 12.4248 42.6000 92.29
8 11.8005 11.2592 38.8622 95.17
9 12.7506 11.1215 37.9775 96.82
10 13.0775 10.9839 37.7389 96.87
11 13.7122 10.8617 38.0374 97.80
14 14.4521 10.6744 36.8023 98.63
15 14.7832 10.5997 36.0188 99.05
16 14.9035 10.5517 35.5883 99.09
17 14.9890 10.5392 35.5743 99.23
18 15.1184 10.4180 35.4307 98.87
21 15.7941 10.3115 35.4520 100.00
28 16.1877 10.1272 34.7089 99.95
36 15.0727 10.0837 34.9070 96.83
43 15.8094 10.0461 35.0496 98.51
77 15.5986 9.8953 35.6593 97.10
95 15.5719 9.8333 35.9455 96.67
133 16.0577 9.6417 34.8538 96.82
162 15.1268 9.5816 36.0882 94.08
197 15.7167 9.5183 34.8321 95.23
228 13.9662 9.3003 36.2149 89.47
260 13.4297 9.1271 36.3155 87.09
285 14.3050 9.0125 36.4291 88.69
314 13.5222 8.9160 36.6740 86.12
344 13.8437 8.8414 37.2805 86.51
378 13.0769 8.7360 47.0423 83.93
403 12.9157 8.5879 37.2918 82.67
表4:1.24%柠檬酸
加入后的天数 PAA% H2O2 AA% AO Rec%
-- 0.7259 12.9350 51.4255 76.31
1 2.6857 13.1213 48.8097 82.42
2 4.7080 12.8994 46.6388 86.35
3 6.6668 12.4803 45.0566 88.98
4 8.1618 12.0665 43.2028 90.45
8 12.3648 11.1363 39.9843 95.91
9 12.5204 10.9715 38.9763 95.37
10 13.1867 10.8514 38.4447 96.39
11 13.8380 10.7723 37.6754 97.61
14 14.3456 10.5460 36.8458 97.62
15 14.6369 10.5380 36.0910 98.32
16 14.7992 10.4648 35.8426 98.43
17 14.9864 10.4538 35.7862 98.74
18 15.3825 10.4189 36.6292 99.55
21 15.3706 10.2649 35.4215 98.64
28 15.8088 10.1306 35.0317 98.99
36 15.8843 10.0424 35.1196 98.68
43 15.9236 10.0629 35.2217 98.90
77 15.6937 9.8773 35.6800 97.24
95 15.7823 9.7861 36.1936 96.94
133 15.1511 9.6406 35.6101 94.48
162 15.0181 9.5280 36.4564 94.39
197 15.5437 9.3555 35.0428 93.85
228 14.1509 9.2284 36.2681 89.53
260 14.9844 9.0772 35.7010 90.81
285 14.3708 8.9362 36.5596 88.42
314 14.1109 8.7402 36.4426 86.62
344 13.9393 8.7677 36.9396 86.34
378 13.4533 8.6343 37.2074 84.32
403 13.3214 8.5447 38.2168 83.46
实施例2
为了确定蒸发产生的残余物积聚量,
通过混合以下成分制备了各种溶液:
样品A1、A2和A3:去离子水中的250ppm柠檬酸
样品Bl:4000ppm PAA+约24ppm Dequest 2010
样品C1和C2:4000ppm PAA+250ppm柠檬酸
使用的PAA具有约15∶10∶36的PAA∶过氧化氢∶乙酸重量比。
将要测试样品的起始部分置于50ml量管内,悬于在康宁搅拌器/加热板上的100ml烧杯上方。将加热板加热到180℃,打开量管上的活塞,滴加溶液让其蒸发。在溶液流干之前再次填充量管。关闭加热板,让烧杯回到室温。一旦冷却到室温,对烧杯重新称重,以确定存在的残余物量。观察结果,残余物的计算值(mg/mL)总结于下文表5。
表5
样品 残余物(mg) 溶液体积(mL) Mg/mL残余物
A1 20 92.5 0.22
A2 31 109.9 0.28
A3 27 117 0.23
B1 131 94.3 1.39
C1 0 121.6 0.00
C2 3 92 0.03
上述结果显示本发明的方法(如样品C1和C2所示)与使用膦酸盐稳定剂稳定的相等浓度的PAA组合物相比在加热表面上产生的残余物要少得多。由于在去离子水中蒸发柠檬酸显示比起蒸发在PAA溶液中含有相当量的柠檬酸的组合物导致残余物形成多得多,这个结果是完全出乎意料的。

Claims (19)

1.一种对材料进行杀菌的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
a)提供一种杀菌组合物,其包含(i)过乙酸和(ii)稳定剂,选自柠檬酸、异柠檬酸、乌头酸和丙烷-1,2,3-三羧酸;
b)将该杀菌组合物引入热气流,产生过乙酸蒸汽;和
c)使该过乙酸蒸气与待杀菌的材料接触。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述过乙酸存在浓度为杀菌组合物的约15-17重量%;稳定剂的存在量为杀菌组合物的约0.75-1.5重量%。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述稳定剂的存在量为杀菌组合物的约0.9-1.25重量%。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述稳定剂的存在量为杀菌组合物的约1.0-1.2重量%。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述稳定剂是柠檬酸。
6.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述稳定剂是柠檬酸。
7.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述稳定剂是柠檬酸。
8.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述稳定剂是柠檬酸。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述材料选自:金属、塑料、聚合物和弹性体。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,将所述过乙酸稀释至浓度小于10,000ppm,然后引入所述热气流中。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,将所述过乙酸稀释至浓度小于4,000ppm,然后引入所述热气流中。
12.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述热气流是无菌空气。
13.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述热气流选自氮气、二氧化碳和稀有气体。
14.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,将所述热气流加热至温度高于约250℃,然后引入过乙酸。
15.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,将所述热气流加热至温度高于约250℃,再冷却至约80-120℃,然后引入过乙酸。
16.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述热气流的温度至少比过乙酸的露点高约5℃。
17.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述过乙酸蒸气和所述待杀菌的材料之间的接触保持约15-40分钟的时间。
18.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述杀菌组合物还包含一种或多种额外的氧化剂,选自氯过苯甲酸、过庚酸、过辛酸、过癸酸、过甲酸、过柠檬酸、过乙醇酸、过乳酸和过苯甲酸。
19.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述PAA是水性平衡组合物形式,其具有选自12-18:21-24:5-20;15:10:36;5:23:10和35:10:15的PAA:过氧化氢:乙酸的重量比。
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