CN104282932A - 袋型锂电池及形成其的方法 - Google Patents
袋型锂电池及形成其的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104282932A CN104282932A CN201410089944.0A CN201410089944A CN104282932A CN 104282932 A CN104282932 A CN 104282932A CN 201410089944 A CN201410089944 A CN 201410089944A CN 104282932 A CN104282932 A CN 104282932A
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Abstract
本发明涉及袋型锂电池及形成其的方法。所述袋型锂电池包括:包括正极、负极、以及介于所述正极和所述负极之间的隔板的电极组件;和附着到所述电极组件的至少一个外侧的取向聚苯乙烯(OPS)膜,其中所述隔板包括多孔基底和在所述多孔基底的至少一个外侧上的涂覆层,和所述涂覆层包括聚合物、陶瓷、或其组合。
Description
技术领域
公开袋型锂电池。
背景技术
袋型锂电池作为用于小型便携式电子装置的电源近来已引起注意。袋型锂电池使用有机电解质并具有与使用碱性水溶液的可比较的电池的放电电压相比可为至少两倍高的放电电压,且因此可具有相对高的能量密度。
袋型锂电池通过如下制造:将电极组件容纳在壳中,将电解质溶液注入壳中,然后将壳封闭和密封。电极组件通过如下形成:将隔板插入正极和负极之间并将它们螺旋地卷绕成果冻卷形状。
所述电极组件用终止(finish)材料在外部横截面上终止以将终止部分固定,然后容纳在壳中,并在将电解质溶液注入壳中之后将壳密封。
这种袋型锂电池对于外部冲击是相对脆弱的且可具有恶化的稳定性。
发明内容
本发明的实施方式的方面涉及对于外部冲击是坚固的且具有优异的稳定性的袋型锂电池。
实施方式提供袋型锂电池,其包括:包括正极、负极、以及介于所述正极和所述负极之间的隔板的电极组件;和附着到所述电极组件的至少一个外侧(例如,外表面)的取向聚苯乙烯(OPS)膜,其中所述隔板包括多孔基底和在所述多孔基底的至少一侧上形成的涂覆层,和所述涂覆层包括聚合物、陶瓷、或其组合。
所述取向聚苯乙烯膜可附着到所述电极组件的一个外侧,其另一外侧是开放的(露着的,open)。
所述电极组件可具有通过如下形成的果冻卷形状:将所述正极、所述隔板和所述负极顺序地卷绕,和这里,可将所述隔板比所述正极和负极多卷绕至少一次。
所述取向聚苯乙烯膜可具有比内部粘附(粘附力)强的外部粘附。
所述取向聚苯乙烯膜可具有约0.5kgf/cm2-约8kgf/cm2的粘附强度。
所述取向聚苯乙烯膜可具有约10%-约400%的伸长率。
所述聚合物可包括基于聚偏氟乙烯的聚合物、基于丙烯酰基的聚合物、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、芳族聚酰胺树脂、聚酰胺酰亚胺树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂、或其组合。
所述基于聚偏氟乙烯的聚合物可包括聚偏氟乙烯(PVdF)、聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯(PVdF-HFP)共聚物、或其组合。
所述陶瓷可包括Al2O3、MgO、TiO2、Al(OH)3、Mg(OH)2、Ti(OH)4、或其组合。
所述涂覆层可具有约0.1μm-约6μm的厚度。
所述袋型锂电池可进一步包括用于容纳所述电极组件的袋型壳;和注入所述袋型壳中的电解质。
所述电解质可包括丙酸C1-C10烷基酯。
其它实施方式包括在以下详细描述中。
这里,在一个实施方式中,所述袋型锂电池对于外部冲击是坚固的且具有优异的稳定性。
附图说明
图1为显示根据一个实施方式的袋型锂电池的示意图。
图2为显示根据实施例1和对比例1的袋型锂电池单元的自由下落结果的非参数残存(survival)图。
具体实施方式
在下文中,更详细地描述实施方式。然而,这些实施方式是示例性的,且本公开内容不限于此。表述例如“的至少一种(个)”当在要素列表之前或之后时,修饰整个要素列表且不修饰所述列表的单独要素。此外,当描述本发明的实施方式时“可”的使用是指“本发明的一个或多个实施方式”。
参照图1描述根据一个实施方式的袋型锂电池。
图1为显示根据一个实施方式的袋型锂电池的示意图。
参照图1,根据一个实施方式的袋型锂电池100包括电极组件10、附着到电极组件10的外部的终止材料15、容纳电极组件10的袋型壳20、和起到用于外部导出(induce)在电极组件10中形成的电流的电通道的作用的电极极耳13。将袋型壳20的两侧叠盖和密封。另外,电解质被注入容纳电极组件10的袋型壳20中。
电极组件10包括正极、面对所述正极的负极、以及介于所述正极和负极之间的隔板。所述隔板可包括多孔基底和在所述多孔基底的至少一侧上形成的涂覆层。
另外,电极组件10可具有通过将所述正极、隔板和负极顺序地卷绕而形成的果冻卷形状。
终止材料15可为取向聚苯乙烯(OPS)膜。所述取向聚苯乙烯膜在模塑期间具有低的熔融温度和低的熔体粘度,且因此可容易地模塑。这里,如果所述取向聚苯乙烯膜附着到所述电极组件的外部,所述取向聚苯乙烯膜在热压事件期间(即,当施加热压时)具有粘附且可帮助保持或稳定螺旋卷绕的电极组件的果冻卷形状。而且,所述取向聚苯乙烯膜使所述电极组件紧密地粘附到袋型壳20且可增强其间的紧密接触力。因此,所述电极组件对于外部冲击可稳定地保持其果冻卷形状且可限制其在袋型壳20中的移动。
当所述电极组件具有变形的果冻卷形状或在所述袋型壳中移动得太多时,电池可具有内部短路且因此可具有恶化的性能。根据一个实施方式,所述电极组件对于外部冲击可稳定地保持果冻卷形状并被抑制在所述袋型壳中的移动,且因此可防止电池的性能恶化。
所述取向聚苯乙烯膜可具有比内部粘附强的外部粘附。换句话说,所述取向聚苯乙烯膜的外表面可比内表面(即与电极组件接触的表面)更具粘附性。
所述取向聚苯乙烯膜可具有约0.5kgf/cm2-约8kgf/cm2和特别地约0.5kgf/cm2-约5kgf/cm2的粘附强度。当所述取向聚苯乙烯膜具有在所述范围内的粘附强度时,在所述热压事件期间可获得优异的粘附。
所述取向聚苯乙烯膜可具有约10%-约400%和特别地约50%-约200%的伸长率。当所述取向聚苯乙烯膜具有在所述范围内的伸长率时,在所述热压事件期间可获得优异的粘附。
在一个实施方式中,当所述取向聚苯乙烯膜附着到所述电极组件的外侧时,所述电极组件的另一外侧保持为开放的作为开放侧(即,没有所述取向聚苯乙烯膜而暴露的侧)。特别地,所述电极组件的开放侧对应于在脱气过程期间从所述袋型壳排出的气体流动通过其中的气体空间,和在所述电极组件的一侧是开放的同时,附着所述取向聚苯乙烯膜。所述电极组件具有开放侧的原因是为了保证用于在脱气过程期间排放气体的通道。
所述隔板可包括多孔基底和在所述多孔基底的至少一侧上形成的涂覆层。
所述多孔基底可包括聚烯烃树脂。所述聚烯烃树脂的实例可包括基于聚乙烯的树脂、基于聚丙烯的树脂、或其组合。
所述涂覆层可包括聚合物、陶瓷、或其组合。
当上述终止材料、特别是取向聚苯乙烯膜被热压时,所述涂覆层也可具有粘附,且因此,使所述电极组件的螺旋卷绕的果冻卷形状稳定,使得所述果冻卷可不解开。这样,由于附着到所述电极组件的外部的所述取向聚苯乙烯膜和涂覆在所述多孔基底的表面上的所述涂覆层,所述电极组件可双重稳定地保持果冻卷形状。
所述电极组件具有通过将所述正极、隔板和负极顺序地卷绕而形成的果冻卷形状,和这里,可将所述隔板比所述正极和负极多卷绕至少一次(即再一次卷绕)。当将所述隔板再一次卷绕时,由于在所述取向聚苯乙烯膜的热压事件期间所述隔板自身的粘附,所述隔板可具有对其中所述隔板再一次卷绕的部分的额外的粘附。因此,其中所述隔板再一次卷绕的所述电极组件可具有提高的与所述袋型壳的紧密接触力,且因此可被防止在所述袋型壳中移动得太多。这样,由于附着到其中所述隔板再一次卷绕的电极组件的外部的取向聚苯乙烯膜,所述电极组件可不仅稳定地保持果冻卷形状,而且可具有在所述袋壳中的最小化的或减小的移动。
当使电池过充电或在高温下放置时,随着电池的压力和温度增加,产生气体,且因此应将气体排放以防止电池的膨胀和爆炸。
这里,根据一个实施方式的隔板具有粘附且可起到终止材料的作用。因此,可防止所述袋型壳中的所述电极组件移动。
构成所述涂覆层的聚合物可包括基于聚偏氟乙烯的聚合物、基于丙烯酰基的聚合物、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、芳族聚酰胺树脂、聚酰胺酰亚胺树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂、或其组合。
所述基于聚偏氟乙烯的聚合物的实例可包括聚偏氟乙烯(PVdF)、聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯(PVdF-HFP)共聚物、及其组合。
所述陶瓷可包括Al2O3、MgO、TiO2、Al(OH)3、Mg(OH)2、Ti(OH)4、或其组合。
所述涂覆层可具有约0.1μm-约6μm、和特别地约2μm-约4μm的厚度。当所述涂覆层具有在所述范围内的厚度时,电极组件可具有粘附,所述粘附如此强以致防止其在袋壳中的移动以及对于外部冲击例如电池下落保持其果冻卷形状。
构成所述电极组件的正极包括集流体和在所述集流体上形成的正极活性物质层。所述正极活性物质层可包括正极活性物质、粘结剂和导电材料。
所述正极集流体可为Al(铝),但不限于此。
所述正极活性物质包括可逆地嵌入和脱嵌锂离子的锂化插层化合物。所述正极活性物质可包括包含钴、锰、镍或其组合的至少一种以及锂的复合氧化物,且具体实例可为下列化合物:
LiaA1-bBbD2(0.90≤a≤1.8和0≤b≤0.5);LiaE1-bBbO2-cDc(0.90≤a≤1.8,0≤b≤0.5,0≤c≤0.05);LiaE2-bBbO4-cDc(0.90≤a≤1.8,0≤b≤0.5,0≤c≤0.05);LiaNi1-b-cCobBcDα(0.90≤a≤1.8,0≤b≤0.5,0≤c≤0.05,0<α≤2);LiaNi1-b-cCobBcO2-αF'α(0.90≤a≤1.8,0≤b≤0.5,0≤c≤0.05,0<α<2);LiaNi1-b-cCobBcO2-αF'2(0.90≤a≤1.8,0≤b≤0.5,0≤c≤0.05,0<α<2);LiaNi1-b-cMnbBcDα(0.90≤a≤1.8,0≤b≤0.5,0≤c≤0.05,0<α≤2);LiaNi1-b-cMnbBcO2-αF'α(0.90≤a≤1.8,0≤b≤0.5,0≤c≤0.05,0<α<2);LiaNi1-b-cMnbBcO2-αF'2(0.90≤a≤1.8,0≤b≤0.5,0≤c≤0.05,0<α<2);LiaNibEcGdO2(0.90≤a≤1.8,0≤b≤0.9,0≤c≤0.5,0.001≤d≤0.1);LiaNibCocMndGeO2(0.90≤a≤1.8,0≤b≤0.9,0≤c≤0.5,0≤d≤0.5,0.001≤e≤0.1);LiaNiGbO2(0.90≤a≤1.8,0.001≤b≤0.1);LiaCoGbO2(0.90≤a≤1.8,0.001≤b≤0.1);LiaMnGbO2(0.90≤a≤1.8,0.001≤b≤0.1);LiaMn2GbO4(0.90≤a≤1.8,0.001≤b≤0.1);QO2;QS2;LiQS2;V2O5;LiV2O5;LiIO2;LiNiVO4;Li(3-f)J2(PO4)3(0≤f≤2);Li(3-f)Fe2(PO4)3(0≤f≤2);和LiFePO4。
在以上化学式中,A为Ni、Co、Mn、或其组合;B为Al、Ni、Co、Mn、Cr、Fe、Mg、Sr、V、稀土元素、或其组合;D为O、F、S、P、或其组合;E为Co、Mn、或其组合;F'为F、S、P、或其组合;G为Al、Cr、Mn、Fe、Mg、La、Ce、Sr、V、或其组合;Q为Ti、Mo、Mn、或其组合;I为Cr、V、Fe、Sc、Y、或其组合;和J为V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、或其组合。
所述正极活性物质可包括具有包覆层的正极活性物质、或者活性物质和包覆有包覆层的活性物质的混合物。所述包覆层可包括选自如下的至少一种包覆元素化合物:包覆元素的氧化物、包覆元素的氢氧化物、包覆元素的羟基氧化物、包覆元素的碳酸氧盐、和包覆元素的羟基碳酸盐。用于所述包覆层的化合物可为无定形的或结晶的。包括在所述包覆层中的所述包覆元素可为Mg、Al、Co、K、Na、Ca、Si、Ti、V、Sn、Ge、Ga、B、As、Zr、或其混合物。包覆方法可包括任何合适的方法,只要其不对所述正极活性物质的性质造成任何副作用(例如,喷涂、浸渍),其是具有本领域普通技术的人员公知的,因此省略其详细描述。
所述粘结剂改善正极活性物质颗粒彼此的粘结性质和正极活性物质颗粒与集流体的粘结性质,且具体实例可为聚乙烯醇、羧甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、二乙酰基纤维素、聚氯乙烯、羧化聚氯乙烯、聚氟乙烯、含亚乙基氧的聚合物、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚氨酯、聚四氟乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶、丙烯酸酯化的(丙烯酸类改性的)苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶、环氧树脂、尼龙等,但不限于此。
所述导电材料改善电极的导电性。可使用任何电导性材料作为导电材料,除非其引起化学变化。其实例可为天然石墨,人造石墨,炭黑,乙炔黑,科琴黑,碳纤维,或者包括铜、镍、铝、银等的金属粉末或金属纤维,以及聚亚苯基衍生物,其可单独地或者作为其混合物使用。
构成所述电极组件的负极包括负极集流体和在所述负极集流体上形成的负极活性物质层。
所述负极集流体可包括铜箔。
所述负极活性物质层可包括负极活性物质、粘结剂和任选的导电材料。
所述负极活性物质可包括可逆地嵌入/脱嵌锂离子的材料、锂金属、锂金属合金、能够掺杂和去掺杂锂的材料、或过渡金属氧化物。
所述可逆地嵌入/脱嵌锂离子的材料包括碳材料。所述碳材料可为在锂离子可再充电电池中任何常用的基于碳的负极活性物质。所述碳材料的实例包括结晶碳、无定形碳、及其混合物。所述结晶碳可为非成形的、或者板、薄片、球形、或纤维状的天然石墨或人造石墨。所述无定形碳可为软碳、硬碳、中间相沥青碳化产物、烧结焦炭等。
所述锂金属合金的实例包括锂以及选自Na、K、Rb、Cs、Fr、Be、Mg、Ca、Sr、Si、Sb、Pb、In、Zn、Ba、Ra、Ge、Al和Sn的元素。
所述能够掺杂和去掺杂锂的材料可包括Si、SiOx(0<x<2)、Si-C复合物、Si-Y'合金(其中Y'选自碱金属、碱土金属、13族-16族元素、过渡元素、稀土元素、及其组合,且不是Si)、Sn、SnO2、Sn-C复合物、Sn-Y'合金(其中Y'选自碱金属、碱土金属、13族-16族元素、过渡元素、稀土元素、及其组合,且不是Sn)等。这些材料的至少一种可与SiO2混合。元素Y'可选自Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、Ra、Sc、Y、Ti、Zr、Hf、Rf、V、Nb、Ta、Db、Cr、Mo、W、Sg、Tc、Re、Bh、Fe、Pb、Ru、Os、Hs、Rh、Ir、Pd、Pt、Cu、Ag、Au、Zn、Cd、B、Al、Ga、Sn、In、Tl、Ge、P、As、Sb、Bi、S、Se、Te、Po、及其组合。
所述过渡金属氧化物可包括钒氧化物、锂钒氧化物等。
所述粘结剂改善负极活性物质颗粒彼此的粘结性质和负极活性物质颗粒与集流体的粘结性质。所述粘结剂可包括非水溶性粘结剂、水溶性粘结剂、或其组合。
所述非水溶性粘结剂的实例包括聚氯乙烯、羧化聚氯乙烯、聚氟乙烯、含亚乙基氧的聚合物、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚氨酯、聚四氟乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酰胺酰亚胺、聚酰亚胺、及其组合。
所述水溶性粘结剂包括苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶、丙烯酸酯化的(丙烯酸类改性的)苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酸钠、包括丙烯和C2-C8烯烃的聚合物、(甲基)丙烯酸和(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯的共聚物、或其组合。
当使用所述水溶性粘结剂作为负极粘结剂时,可进一步使用基于纤维素的化合物以提供粘度。所述基于纤维素的化合物包括如下的一种或多种:羧甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、甲基纤维素、或其碱金属盐。所述碱金属可为钠(Na)、钾(K)、或锂(Li)。基于100重量份的所述负极活性物质,可以0.1重量份-3重量份的量包括所述基于纤维素的化合物。
所述负极和所述正极可通过包括如下的方法制造:将活性物质、导电材料、粘结剂和溶剂混合成活性物质组合物并将所述组合物涂覆在集流体上。
所述电极制造方法是公知的,且因此不在本说明书中更详细地描述。所述溶剂包括N-甲基吡咯烷酮等,但不限于此。
电解质可注入容纳所述电极组件的袋型壳中。在一个实施方式中,所述电解质可为电解质溶液或聚合物电解质。
所述电解质可包括丙酸烷基酯。所述丙酸烷基酯具有优异的与所述隔板上的涂覆层的聚合物的相容性且可浸渍所述电极组件。因此,可实现具有优异的过充电特性(即,在过充电期间的所需特性)的袋型锂电池。
所述丙酸烷基酯的烷基可为C1-C10烷基、和特别地C1-C5烷基。
所述丙酸烷基酯可特别地选自丙酸甲酯、丙酸乙酯、及其组合。这些材料具有低的粘度并因此具有良好的或优异的与所述隔板上的涂覆层的聚合物的相容性,且因此可改善电池的循环寿命特性,即使所述电池被过充电。
基于所述电解质的总量,可以约10体积%-约70体积%、特别地约20体积%-约70体积%、和更特别地约40体积%-约60体积%的量包括所述丙酸烷基酯。当在所述量范围内将所述丙酸烷基酯添加到所述电解质时,袋型锂电池可具有优异的过充电特性。
所述电解质可包括锂盐和除所述丙酸烷基酯之外的非水有机溶剂的混合物。
所述锂盐溶解在所述非水有机溶剂中、供应所述电池中的锂离子、操作可再充电锂电池的基本运行,且改善正极和负极之间的锂离子传输。
所述锂盐可包括选自如下的一种:LiPF6、LiBF4、LiSbF6、LiAsF6、LiN(SO3C2F5)2、LiC4F9SO3、LiClO4、LiAlO2、LiAlCl4、其中x和y为自然数的LiN(CxF2x+1SO2)(CyF2y+1SO2)、LiCl、LiI、LiB(C2O4)2(双(草酸)硼酸锂,LiBOB)、及其组合。
所述锂盐的浓度可范围为约0.1M-约2.0M。当以上述浓度范围包括所述锂盐时,所述电解质具有合适的电导率和粘度并因此具有改善的电解质性能且可有效地传输锂离子。
所述非水有机溶剂用作用于传输参与电池的电化学反应的离子的介质。所述非水有机溶剂可包括选自如下的一种:基于碳酸酯的溶剂、基于酯的溶剂、基于醚的溶剂、基于酮的溶剂、基于醇的溶剂、非质子溶剂、及其组合。
所述基于碳酸酯的溶剂可包括,例如碳酸二甲酯(DMC)、碳酸二乙酯(DEC)、碳酸二丙酯(DPC)、碳酸甲丙酯(MPC)、碳酸乙丙酯(EPC)、碳酸甲乙酯(MEC)、碳酸亚乙酯(EC)、碳酸亚丙酯(PC)、碳酸亚丁酯(BC)等。
特别地,可将链状碳酸酯化合物和环状碳酸酯化合物以混合物使用以提供具有低的粘度和增加的介电常数的溶剂。这里,可将环状碳酸酯化合物和链状碳酸酯化合物以约1:1-约1:9的体积比混合。
所述基于碳酸酯的溶剂和上述丙酸烷基酯以约4:6-约6:6的体积比混合。当基于碳酸酯的溶剂和上述丙酸烷基酯在所述体积比范围内混合时,实现具有优异的循环寿命特性的袋型锂电池,即使所述电池被过充电。
所述基于酯的溶剂可包括,例如,乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸正丙酯、乙酸叔丁酯、γ-丁内酯、癸内酯、戊内酯、甲瓦龙酸内酯、己内酯等。
所述基于醚的溶剂可包括,例如,二丁基醚、四甘醇二甲醚、二甘醇二甲醚、二甲氧基乙烷、2-甲基四氢呋喃、四氢呋喃等。
所述基于酮的溶剂可包括环己酮等。
所述基于醇的溶剂可包括乙醇、异丙醇等。
所述非水有机溶剂可单独地或者以混合物使用。当所述有机溶剂以混合物使用时,可根据期望的电池性能控制混合比。
所述电解质可进一步包括过充电抑制剂例如碳酸亚乙酯、焦碳酸酯等作为添加剂。
在下文中,参照实施例更详细地说明实施方式。然而,参照实施例更详细地说明本公开内容。
而且,未在本公开内容中描述的内容可被具有本领域中的知识的人员充分地理解且将不在此说明。
实施例1
通过如下制备正极活性物质层组合物:分别将LiCoO2、聚偏氟乙烯(PVdF)和炭黑以97:1.5:1.5的重量比混合并将所述混合物分散到N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮中。将所述正极活性物质层组合物涂覆在12μm厚铝箔上,然后干燥和压缩,由此制造正极。
通过如下制备负极活性物质层组合物:将石墨和苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶以98:2的重量比混合并将所述混合物分散到水中。将所述负极活性物质层组合物涂覆在8μm厚铜箔上,然后干燥和压缩,由此制造负极。
通过如下制备电解质:将碳酸亚乙酯(EC)、碳酸亚丙酯(PC)和丙酸乙酯(EP)以3:1:6的体积比混合以制备混合溶剂并将LiPF6以1.1M的浓度溶解。
通过如下制造隔板:制备包括聚偏氟乙烯(PVdF)和N-甲基吡咯烷酮的涂覆层组合物并将所述涂覆层组合物涂覆在聚乙烯基底的一个表面上以形成在干燥后的3μm厚涂覆层。
将所述正极和负极以及所述隔板螺旋卷绕成果冻卷形状的电极组件。所述电极组件通过将所述隔板比所述正极和负极多卷绕一次而制造。而且,在所述电极组件的外侧的仅一个上,附着取向聚苯乙烯膜,所述电极组件的另一侧是开放的。所述取向聚苯乙烯膜具有5.22kgf/cm2的粘附强度和319%的伸长率。
将用所述取向聚苯乙烯膜终止的电极组件容纳在袋型壳中,将所述电解质注入所述袋型壳中,并密封所述袋型壳,由此制造袋型锂电池单元。这里,然后可将保护线路板(PCM)和温度保险丝(thermal fuse)焊接到所述袋型锂电池单元,并将产物容纳在不锈钢(SUS)壳中,以由此制造组装(封装物,pack)。
对比例1
通过如下制备正极活性物质层组合物:分别将LiCoO2、聚偏氟乙烯(PVdF)和炭黑以97:1.5:1.5的重量比混合并将所述混合物分散到N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮中。将所述正极活性物质层组合物涂覆在12μm厚铝箔上,然后干燥和压缩,由此制造正极。
通过如下制备负极活性物质层组合物:将石墨和苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶以98:2的重量比混合并将所述混合物分散到水中。将所述负极活性物质层组合物涂覆在8μm厚铜箔上,然后干燥和压缩,由此制造负极。
通过如下制备电解质:将碳酸亚乙酯(EC)、碳酸亚丙酯(PC)和丙酸乙酯(EP)以3:1:6的体积比混合以制备混合溶剂并将LiPF6以1.1M的浓度溶解。
将所述正极和负极以及聚乙烯隔板螺旋卷绕成果冻卷形状的电极组件。所述电极组件通过将所述隔板比所述正极和负极多卷绕一次而制造。将所述电极组件容纳在袋型壳中,将所述电解质注入所述袋型壳中,并密封所述袋型壳,由此制造袋型锂电池单元。这里,然后可将保护线路板(PCM)和温度保险丝焊接到所述袋型锂电池单元,并将产物容纳在不锈钢(SUS)壳中,以由此制造组装。
评价1:袋型锂电池单元(组装)的下落特性
将根据实施例1和对比例1的袋型锂电池单元(组装)分别容纳在使用约140g缩醛制造的各壳中,并用螺钉将所述壳从顶部到底部紧固。然后,使所述组装各自从1m的高度下落50次(随机和自由下落),然后对由于内部短路引起的所述组装的放热事件(次数)进行计数。在每50次时通过将壳分离检查所述组装看所述组装是否为放热的,并且其中所述组装是放热的随机自由下落的次数提供在下表1中。
表1
对比例1 | 实施例1 | |
组装#1 | 50次 | 500次 |
组装#2 | 50次 | 500次 |
组装#3 | 100次 | 500次 |
组装#4 | 100次 | 350次 |
组装#5 | 250次 | 500次 |
参照表1,与根据对比例1的袋型锂电池单元相比,根据实施例1的包括包含涂覆层的隔板和OPS膜的袋型锂电池单元显示出优异的下落特性(即,在下落之后的所需特性),使得可预计根据实施例1的单元呈现出比根据对比例1单元大的对于外部冲击的稳定性。
另外,分析和测量根据实施例1和对比例1的袋型锂电池单元的非参数残存,然后,将结果提供在图2中。
图2为显示根据实施例1和对比例1的袋型锂电池单元的自由下落结果的非参数残存图。
参照图2,根据对比例1的袋型锂电池单元在110次的平均自由下落时是放热的,且根据实施例1的袋型锂电池单元在470次的平均自由下落时是放热的,显示出显著改善的下落特性。
尽管已经关于目前认为是实践的示例性实施方式的内容描述了本公开内容,但是将理解本发明不限于所公开的实施方式,而是相反,意图覆盖包括在所附权利要求及其等同物的精神和范围内的各种变型和等同布置。
Claims (13)
1.袋型锂电池,包括:
包括正极、负极、以及在所述正极和所述负极之间的隔板的电极组件;和
附着到所述电极组件的至少一个外侧的取向聚苯乙烯(OPS)膜,
其中:
所述隔板包括多孔基底和在所述多孔基底的至少一侧上的涂覆层,和
所述涂覆层包括聚合物、陶瓷、或其组合。
2.权利要求1的袋型电池,其中所述取向聚苯乙烯膜附着到所述电极组件的一个外侧,其另一外侧是开放的。
3.权利要求1的袋型电池,其中所述电极组件具有通过如下形成的果冻卷形状:将所述正极、所述隔板和所述负极顺序地卷绕,和将所述隔板比所述正极和负极多卷绕至少一次。
4.权利要求1的袋型电池,其中所述取向聚苯乙烯膜具有比内部粘附强的外部粘附。
5.权利要求1的袋型电池,其中所述取向聚苯乙烯膜具有0.5kgf/cm2-8kgf/cm2的粘附强度。
6.权利要求1的袋型电池,其中所述取向聚苯乙烯膜具有10%-400%的伸长率。
7.权利要求1的袋型电池,其中所述聚合物包括基于聚偏氟乙烯的聚合物、基于丙烯酰基的聚合物、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、芳族聚酰胺树脂、聚酰胺酰亚胺树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂、或其组合。
8.权利要求7的袋型电池,其中所述基于聚偏氟乙烯的聚合物包括聚偏氟乙烯(PVdF)、聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯(PVdF-HFP)共聚物、或其组合。
9.权利要求1的袋型电池,其中所述陶瓷包括Al2O3、MgO、TiO2、Al(OH)3、Mg(OH)2、Ti(OH)4、或其组合。
10.权利要求1的袋型电池,其中所述涂覆层具有0.1μm-6μm的厚度。
11.权利要求1的袋型电池,进一步包括:
容纳所述电极组件的袋型壳;和
注入所述袋型壳中的电解质。
12.权利要求11的袋型电池,其中所述电解质包括丙酸C1-C10烷基酯。
13.形成权利要求1-12任一项的袋型锂电池的方法,所述方法包括:
形成电极组件以包括正极、负极、以及在所述正极和所述负极之间的隔板;和
将取向聚苯乙烯(OPS)膜附着到所述电极组件的至少一个外侧,
其中:
所述隔板包括多孔基底和在所述多孔基底的至少一侧上形成的涂覆层,和
所述涂覆层包括聚合物、陶瓷、或其组合。
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