CN104276165A - 控制换档的系统和方法 - Google Patents

控制换档的系统和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104276165A
CN104276165A CN201410309417.6A CN201410309417A CN104276165A CN 104276165 A CN104276165 A CN 104276165A CN 201410309417 A CN201410309417 A CN 201410309417A CN 104276165 A CN104276165 A CN 104276165A
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China
Prior art keywords
vehicle
speed
programmed instruction
motor
change
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CN201410309417.6A
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CN104276165B (zh
Inventor
吴坰澈
李昇翰
赵泰焕
姜东勋
许志旭
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Corp
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Motors Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种控制换档的系统和方法，该系统包括：存储器，被配置成存储程序指令；以及处理器，被配置成执行程序指令，该程序指令在被执行时被配置成：确定车辆的防抱死制动系统(ABS)是否正在运行；响应于确定车辆的ABS正在运行，在运行变速器之后，基于有关车辆状况的信息，确定是否可以换档到空档级(N)；并且响应于确定车辆能够被换档到N级，生成换档控制信号，并将换档控制信号传送到变速器。

Description

控制换档的系统和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种换档控制系统及其方法。
背景技术
在一般的混合动力车中，在防抱死制动系统(ABS)运行时，发动机和电动机是分离的，并通过控制电动机转矩来减小车身的振动。然而，在混合动力车中，与常规车辆相比，发生高车轮振动的现象更频繁。此外，当ABS以快速制动运行或者在具有较小摩擦力的路面上运行时，从制动压力控制装置产生振动和噪音。此外，传递到车轮的制动力快速变化，从而生成更大的振动，混合动力车不使用转矩变换器，因此传递到车身的振动不能被吸收。
在该部分中公开的上述信息仅用于加强对本发明背景的理解，因此可能包含不构成本领域普通技术人员已知的现有技术的信息。
发明内容
本发明提供一种换档控制系统及其方法，其可以防止车轮因在制动期间施加给车轮的制动力而被锁死。
根据本发明一个示例性实施例的控制车辆换档的系统可以包括：制动运行确定器，其被配置成确定车辆的防抱死制动系统(ABS)是否正在运行；换档控制确定器，其被配置成响应于确定车辆的ABS正在运行，在运行变速器之后，基于有关车辆状况的信息，确定是否换档到空档级(N)；以及换档控制器，其被配置成响应于确定车辆能够被换档到N级，生成换档控制信号，并将该换档控制信号传送到变速器。
该换档控制确定器可以被配置成：在未控制发动机输出和电动机输出的情况下释放发动机离合器之后，运行变速器；或者在调节发动机输出和电动机输出并释放发动机离合器之后运行变速器；或者调节发动机输出和电动机输出，而不释放发动机离合器。换挡控制确定器还可被配置成分别将发动机输出和电动机输出调节成大约为零。换档控制确定器还可被配置成将发动机输出和电动机输出的总和调节成大约为零。有关车辆状况的信息包括有关车速、变速比、流体温度、电动机转矩、以及发动机转矩的信息。制动运行确定器还可被配置成通过感测车辆的车轮速度来确定ABS是否正在运行。制动运行确定器可以是电子制动系统(EBS)，换档控制确定器可以是混合动力控制单元(HCU)。
根据本发明另一示例性实施例的用于换档控制系统控制车辆换档的方法，可包括：确定在运转的车辆中是否正在运行防抱死制动系统(ABS)；当ABS正在运行时，运行车辆的变速器，以基于有关车辆状况的信息，确定车辆是否能够被调节到N级；以及响应于确定车辆能够被调节到N级，生成换档控制信号，并将信号传送到变速器。
在未调节发动机输出和电动机输出的情况下释放发动机离合器之后可以运行变速器，或者在调节发动机输出和电动机输出并释放发动机离合器之后运行变速器。发动机输出和电动机输出可分别被调节成大约为零。发动机输出和电动机输出的总和可被调节成大约为零。有关车辆状况的信息包括有关车速、变速比、流体温度、电动机转矩、以及发动机转矩的信息。
车辆的档位是否能够被调节到N级的确定步骤可以包括：确定车速是否大于预定的车速；确定变速比是否位于预定的变速比内；确定流体温度是否位于预定的流体温度范围内；并且确定电动机转矩和发动机转矩是否小于预定值。车辆的ABS是否正在运行的确定是通过感测车轮速度来执行的。
附图说明
通过以下结合附图给出的详细说明中，本发明的其他特征、细节和优点将变得更加清楚，其中：
图1A-1B示出根据现有技术的处于运转状态且ABS正在运行状态下的普通混合动力车的示例性示意图；
图2A-2B示出根据现有技术在普通混合动力车中因剩余电动机转矩而产生车辆振动的示例性曲线图；
图3示出根据本发明的示例性实施例的车辆的示例性示意图；
图4示出根据本发明的示例性实施例的换档控制系统的示例性框图；
图5示出根据本发明的示例性实施例的换档控制方法的示例性流程图；以及
图6A-6B示出根据本发明的示例性实施例的车辆振动的示例性曲线图。
具体实施方式
可以理解的是，本文中所使用的术语“车辆”或“车辆的”或其它类似的术语包括一般而言的机动车辆，比如包含运动型多用途车辆(SUV)、公共汽车、货车，各种商用车辆的客车、包含各种轮船和舰船的船只、飞行器等等，并且包括混合动力车辆、电动汽车、混合动力电动汽车、氢动力汽车和其它替代燃料汽车(例如，从除了石油以外的资源中取得的燃料)。如在本文中所引用的，混合动力车辆是具有两种或多种动力来源的车辆，例如汽油动力车辆和电动动力车辆二者。
尽管示例性实施例被描述成利用多个单元执行示例性过程，但是应当理解，所述示例性过程也可以由一个或多个模块执行。此外，应当理解，术语控制器/控制单元指的是包括存储器和处理器的硬件设备。存储器被配置成存储模块，以及处理器经具体配置执行所述模块完成在下面进一步描述的一个或更多过程。
此外，本发明的控制逻辑可被实施为包含由处理器、控制器等执行的可执行程序指令的计算机可读介质上的非短暂计算机可读介质。计算机可读介质的例子包括，但不局限于，ROM、RAM、光盘(CD)-ROM、磁带、闪存盘、智能卡和光数据存储装置。计算机可读记录介质也可以分布在连接计算机系统的网络中，以使计算机可读介质可以以分布式方式，例如，通过电信息通信服务器或控制器区域网(CAN)，被存储和执行。
本文所用的术语仅用于描述特定实施例的目的，而并非旨在限制本发明。除非上下文明确指出，否则如本文中所使用的单数形式“一”、“一个”和“该”等意图也包括复数形式。还应该理解的是，在本说明书中使用“包括”和/或“包含”等术语时，是意图说明存在该特征、整数、步骤、操作、元素和/或组件，而不排除一个或多个其它特征、整数、步骤、操作、元素、组件、和/或其组合的存在或增加。如本文中所使用的，术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关列出项目的任何和所有组合。
除非明确指出或可从上下文明显看出，否则如本文中使用的术语“约”被理解为在本领域中的正常公差范围内，例如，在平均数的两个标准偏差内。“约”可以被理解为在规定值的10％、9％、8％、7％、6％、5％、4％、3％、2％、1％、0.5％、0.1％、0.05％或0.01％内。除非从上下文可以明确知道，否则本文所提供的所有数值都可由术语“约”修正。
在下列具体实施方式中，本发明的示例性实施例通过简单举例说明的方式被示出和描述。然而，本领域的技术人员应当明白，在没有偏离本发明精神和范围的情况下，可以以各种不同方式更改所描述的示例性实施例。因此，所述绘图和描述应被视为是说明性的，而非限制性的。相同的附图标记指代整个说明书中的相同元件。
在下文中，将参考附图描述根据本发明示例性实施例的换档控制系统及其方法。
首先参照图1A-1B和图2A-2B描述普通混合动力车的运行。图1A-1B示出处于运转状态且ABS正在运行状态下的普通混合动力车的示例性示意图，图2A-2B示出在普通混合动力车中因剩余的电动机转矩产生车辆振动的示例性曲线图。首先，如图1A所示，当混合动力车处于运行状态时，发动机和电动机被连接，车辆通过利用发动机和/或电动机的动力运转。然而，当ABS运行时，发动机与电动机分离，并且为了车辆的制动而调节电动机转矩，如图1B所示。
如图2A-2B所示，当存在剩余电动机转矩时，车速会突然变化，从而引起蠕变转矩(creep torque)的变化。因此，如图2A-2B所示，蠕变转矩的变化引起电动机转矩的变化，由此生成车辆的卡嗒声。因此，电动机转矩可被调节成大致为零，以减小振动。下面描述在本发明的示例性实施例中用于将变速器调节到空档(N)范围以减小车身振动的换档控制系统和方法。
图3是根据本发明的示例性实施例的车辆的示例性示意图。如图3所示，根据本发明的示例性实施例的混合动力车使用发动机和电动机作为动力源。作为发动机，可以使用汽油发动机或柴油发动机，但这并不是限制性的。发动机离合器(E/C)可被布置在发动机与电动机之间。发动机离合器(E/C)可被配置成选择性地连接发动机和电动机。电动机可以直接连接到变速器TM，且变速器TM可被配置成转换来自发动机和/或电动机的动力，并将所转换的动力传递给驱动轮。
在根据本发明的示例性实施例的混合动力车中，当ABS运行时，控制器可被配置成确定车速是否可被换档到N级。当档位可被操作到N级时，控制器可被配置成执行到N级的换档控制。因此，可以减小车身的振动，从而改善车辆制动的感受。换句话说，根据常规技术，尽管发动机离合器E/C被释放，但是车速保持在行车级(D)，引起车辆振动的增加。然而，在本示例性实施例中，当发动机离合器E/C释放时，档位可被调节到N级，以减小这类振动。下面将参照图4描述提供上述效果的换档控制系统100。
图4示出根据本发明的示例性实施例的换档控制系统的示例性框图。如图4所示，换档控制系统100可以包括制动运行确定器110，换档控制确定器120和换档控制器130。制动运行确定器110、换档控制确定器120和换档控制器130可分别被实现为各个控制器，或者可被实现为具有处理器和存储器的单个控制器。
制动运行确定器110可被配置成通过使用轮速传感器感测车轮速度，确定ABS是否正在运行。特别地，制动运行确定器110可以是电子制动系统(EBS)，然而，本发明的示例性实施例并不局限于此。此外，制动运行确定器110可被配置成通过利用各种方法，基于轮速确定ABS运行，并且本发明的示例性实施例并不局限于所述方法中的任意一个。
当制动运行确定器110确定ABS正在运行时，换档控制确定器120可被配置成运行变速器。一般来说，变速器的运行是指变速器中用于执行预期换档级的构成元件的运行。这类变速器控制可以包括调节发动机转矩、电动机转矩、以及发动机离合器E/C，以调节发动机输出和/或电动机输出。换档控制确定器120可被配置成在未调节发动机输出和电动机输出的情况下释放发动机离合器之后运行变速器，且可被配置成在调节发动机输出和电动机输出并释放发动机离合器之后运行变速器。可选择地，换档控制确定器120可被配置成调节发动机输出和电动机输出，而不释放发动机离合器。
本发明的示例性实施例并不局限于上述变速器控制方法中的任一种方法。当调节发动机输出和电动机输出，然后释放发动机离合器时，发动机输出和电动机输出可以被调节成大约为零，然后可释放发动机离合器。因此，可以减小换档控制到N级的影响。可选地，在将发动机输出和电动机输出的总和调节成大约为零之后，可以将档位转换到N级。
在运行变速器之后，换档控制确定器120可被配置成基于从外源输入的、车辆的状态信息，确定档位是否可被转换到N级。对此，换档控制确定器120可以是本发明示例性实施例中的混合动力控制单元(HCU)，但并非限制于此。车辆状况信息可以示例性地包括有关车速、表示变速器的速度输入与变速器速度输出之间比率的变速比、从自动变速器流体(ATF)收集的流体温度、电动机转矩、以及发动机转矩的信息。此外，用于收集每条信息的方法对于本领域技术人员来说是已知的，因此，在本发明的示例性实施例中未作进一步描述。当换档控制确定器120确定档位可被换档到N级时，换档控制器130可被配置成生成通知变速器换档到N级的控制信号。该控制信号可被传送到改变车速的自动或手动变速器。
下面参照图5描述通过使用换档控制系统100将变速器(例如，自动/手动变速器)换档到N级的方法。图5示出根据本发明的示例性实施例的换档控制方法的示例性流程图。如图5所示，换档控制系统100的制动运行确定器110，可被配置成通过感测车轮的速度来确定ABS是否正在运行(S100)。当制动未运行时，车辆的制动可以不被施行或执行，因此制动运行确定器100可被配置成等待，直到ABS运行被感测到。换言之，制动运行确定器100在ABS运行被感测到之前可以保持在空闲状态。
此外，响应于确定出ABS正在运行，换档控制确定器120可被配置成运行变速器(S110)。特别地，当变速器运行时，发动机转矩可被调节成大致为零，以便将发动机制动改变成使其处于运行状态，并且电动机转矩可被调节成大约为零，从而阻止电动机转矩输出。此外，发动机离合器可被释放。用于控制发动机转矩、电动机转矩和发动机离合器的方法，对于本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的，因此，在本发明的示例性实施例中未作进一步描述。
在S110变速器运行之后，换档控制确定器120可被配置成，基于从外源接收到的车辆状况的相关信息，确定车辆的齿轮是否可被换档到N级(S120)。特别地，车辆状况信息可以包括有关车速、变速比、流体温度、电动机转矩、以及发动机转矩的信息。此外，换档控制确定器120可被配置成确定车速是否大于预定速度α，变速比是否在预定变速比β和γ(其中，β<γ)内，以及流体温度是否在预定温度δ和ε(其中，δ<ε)内。此外，换档控制确定器120可被配置成确定电动机转矩是否小于预定值ζ，并且确定发动机转矩是否小于预定值η。特别地，α、β、γ、δ、ε、ζ和η可以是预定值，也可以根据系统设计设定成各种值，因此，所述值并不局限于任何特定值。
换档控制确定器120可被配置成通过检测上述车辆状况，确定车辆传动装置未被换档到N级，并且可以执行S110之后的步骤。因此，从车辆制动直到制动器被释放，在S120中，用于确定档位是否被换档到N级的过程，可以以预定时间间隔反复执行。然而，响应于确定档位被转换到N级是可控的，换档控制部120可被配置成生成表明档位被转换到N级的控制信号(S130)。该控制信号可被传递到车辆的变速器，以使变速器将档位改变到N级。
现将参照6A-6B描述在ABS运行时，当变速器被换档到N级时引起的车辆振动。特别地，图6A-6B是示出根据本发明示例性实施例的车辆振动的示例性曲线图。如图6A所示，根据常规方法，当在车辆驾驶过程中ABS运行时，变速比可以从3档速度降低到1档速度，同时保持在D级，因而发生车辆振动。然而，与本发明的示例性实施例一样，当ABS在运行并且档位被转换到N级时，可以减小车辆的振动，如图6B所示。同时，在本说明书中使用手动变速器或自动变速器，然而本发明并不局限于此。也就是说，本发明的精神可被应用到等同或有变化的无级变速器。
根据本发明的示例性实施例，在ABS运行时，由于电动机和变速器的振动因子可以减小，因此可以使车身的振动最小。此外，可以通过换档控制来改善制动的感觉，因此，本发明可被应用到混合动力车和常规车辆。
尽管已结合目前被认为是示例性的实施例对本发明进行描述，然而应当理解的是，本发明并不局限于已经公开的实施例，相反地，其还可以覆盖包含在所附权利要求的精神和范围内的各种变化和等效布置。

Claims (20)

1.一种控制车辆换档的系统，包括：
存储器，被配置成存储程序指令；以及
处理器，被配置成执行所述程序指令，所述程序指令在被执行时被配置成：
确定所述车辆的防抱死制动系统(ABS)是否正在运行；
响应于确定所述车辆的ABS正在运行，在运行变速器之后，基于有关车辆状况的信息，确定是否可以换档到空档级(N)；并且
响应于确定所述车辆能够被换档到N级，生成换档控制信号，并将所述换档控制信号传送到所述变速器。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述程序指令在被执行时还被配置成：
在未调节发动机输出和电动机输出的情况下释放发动机离合器之后，运行所述变速器，或者
在调节所述发动机输出和所述电动机输出并释放所述发动机离合器之后运行所述变速器，或者
调节所述发动机输出和所述电动机输出，而不释放所述发动机离合器。
3.如权利要求2所述的系统，其中所述程序指令在被执行时还被配置成分别将所述发动机输出和所述电动机输出调节成大约为零。
4.如权利要求2所述的系统，其中所述程序指令在被执行时还被配置成将所述发动机输出和所述电动机输出的总和调节成大约为零。
5.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述有关车辆状况的信息包括有关车速、变速比、流体温度、电动机转矩、以及发动机转矩的信息。
6.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述程序指令在被执行时还被配置成通过感测所述车辆的车轮速度来确定所述ABS是否正在运行。
7.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述系统包括电子制动系统(EBS)和混合动力控制单元(HCU)。
8.一种用于换档控制系统控制车辆换档的方法，包括：
由控制器确定在运转的车辆中是否正在运行防抱死制动系统(ABS)；
当所述ABS正在运行时，由所述控制器运行所述车辆的变速器；
当运行所述车辆的所述变速器时，基于有关车辆状况的信息，由所述控制器确定所述车辆是否能够被运行到空档级(N)；以及
响应于确定所述车辆能够被运行到N级，由所述控制器生成换档控制信号，并将所述信号传送到所述变速器。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法，其中在运行所述变速器时，
在未调节发动机输出和电动机输出的情况下释放发动机离合器之后，运行所述变速器，或者
在调节所述发动机输出和所述电动机输出并释放所述发动机离合器之后，运行所述变速器。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法，其中所述发动机输出和所述电动机输出被分别调节成大约为零。
11.如权利要求9所述的方法，其中所述发动机输出和所述电动机输出的总和被调节成大约为零。
12.如权利要求8所述的方法，其中所述有关车辆状况的信息包括有关车速、变速比、流体温度、电动机转矩、以及发动机转矩的信息。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法，其中所述车辆的档位是否能够被运行到N级的确定步骤包括：
由所述控制器确定所述车速是否大于预定的车速；
由所述控制器确定所述变速比是否位于预定的变速比内；
由所述控制器确定所述流体温度是否位于预定的流体温度范围内；并且
由所述控制器确定所述电动机转矩和所述发动机转矩是否小于预定值。
14.如权利要求8所述的方法，其中所述车辆的ABS是否正在运行的确定是通过感测车轮速度来执行的。
15.一种包含由控制器执行的程序指令的非短暂计算机可读介质，所述计算机可读介质包括：
确定在运转的车辆中是否正在运行防抱死制动系统(ABS)的程序指令；
当所述ABS正在运行时，运行所述车辆变速器的程序指令；
在运行所述车辆的变速器时，基于有关车辆状况的信息，确定所述车辆是否能够被运行到空档级(N)的程序指令；以及
响应于确定所述车辆能够被运行到N级，生成换档控制信号，并将所述信号传送到所述变速器的程序指令。
16.如权利要求15所述的非短暂计算机可读介质，还包括：
在未调节发动机输出和电动机输出的情况下释放发动机离合器之后运行所述变速器的程序指令，或者
在调节所述发动机输出和所述电动机输出并释放所述发动机离合器之后运行所述变速器的程序指令。
17.如权利要求16所述的非短暂计算机可读介质，其中所述发动机输出和所述电动机输出分别被调节成大约为零。
18.如权利要求16所述的非短暂计算机可读介质，其中所述发动机输出和所述电动机输出的总和被调节成大约为零。
19.如权利要求15所述的非短暂计算机可读介质，其中所述有关车辆状况的信息包括有关车速、变速比、流体温度、电动机转矩、以及发动机转矩的信息。
20.如权利要求19所述的非短暂计算机可读介质，还包括：
确定所述车速是否大于预定车速的程序指令；
确定所述变速比是否位于预定变速比内的程序指令；
确定所述流体温度是否位于预定流体温度范围内的程序指令；以及
确定所述电动机转矩和所述发动机转矩是否小于预定值的程序指令。
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