CN104263967A - Self-heating flashing speed smelting process and device for treating complex materials - Google Patents
Self-heating flashing speed smelting process and device for treating complex materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN104263967A CN104263967A CN201410550963.9A CN201410550963A CN104263967A CN 104263967 A CN104263967 A CN 104263967A CN 201410550963 A CN201410550963 A CN 201410550963A CN 104263967 A CN104263967 A CN 104263967A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a self-heating flashing speed smelting process and device for treating complex materials. A high temperature internal reflux region formed by rotary primary air is used for quickly heating materials, the materials and the primary air form an air powder mixed flow, and a metallurgical reaction is performed between the mixed flow and oxygen in process air. Direct-current center air and direct-current secondary air are respectively used for controlling the internal reflux region, and the volume, the shape and the distribution of the whole air power mixed flow. A fuel pipe, a central air pipe, material pipes, primary air pipes and secondary air pipes are successively arranged outwards from an axial center line, axial blades, an outlet flaring, a plate hole type combustion stabilizer, a toothed or toothed ring distributor and circular nozzles are adopted for noncontinuous air outlet, and a flame controlling hood is designed, so that the rotating strength of the primary air is greatly strengthened, and the air powder is mixed more sufficiently and uniformly. The internal reflux region which is stable and in a reasonable shape is formed, so that the air powder is rapidly heated to perform the metallurgical reaction; the shape of the high temperature airflow can be controlled, so that the high temperature erosion corrosion to a furnace wall is reduced, and the service life of a furnace body is prolonged.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Flash Smelting technique and device, belong to the non-ferrous metal metallurgy technical fields such as copper, nickel, lead.
Background technology
In non-ferrous metal metallurgy industry, especially Copper making industry, space suspension smelting is one of topmost smelting technology.The Flash Smelting technology of Finland is most widely used space suspension smelting technology.The principle of Flash Smelting technology is: dried powdery sulfide mineral is distributed the complete dispersion suspension of wind in the reaction compartment of smelting furnace, utilize the huge surface area that pulverulent material has, material particle is fully mixed with the oxygen in technique wind, within moment (2 ~ 3 seconds), complete oxidizing reaction, reach the smelting object of desulfurization deferrization.
Flash Smelting nozzle is the Core equipment of Flash Smelting technology.Venturi type smelts nozzle and central dispersion pattern smelting nozzle is two kinds of Application comparison Flash Smelting nozzles widely.Because these two kinds are smelted the restriction of this body structure of nozzle, make to smelt reaction and there is following problem:
1. although smelt reaction can release a large amount of chemical heat, but be not utilized effectively, still the fuel such as gas-firing are needed to produce heat heat temperature raising pulverulent material temperature required to oxidizing reaction, the heat that causes having more than needed in a large number accumulates in reaction tower, and the thermal load that smelting furnace normally can bear is limited, therefore, strictly can control the charging capacity upper limit in production, limit the raising of smelting furnace production capacity;
2., in smelting process, high temperature melting melt body and flue gas can be full of whole reaction compartment, and seriously wash away, corrode furnace wall, converter life is short;
3. the degree of mixing of material and technique wind is limited, causes reaction undesirable, and seriously, easily descend raw material, flue dust incidence is high for material peroxidation and deficient oxidative phenomena.
Summary of the invention
Based on above-mentioned explanation, the object of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of the autothermal Flash Smelting technique and the device that process complex feedstock are provided.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of autothermal Flash Smelting technique processing complex feedstock:
Passing into fuel to reaction tower center, when starting to feed intake as lighter for ignition, for providing heat at the beginning of autothermal smelting reaction, after smelting stable reaction, stopping using fuel;
By one-time process wind through axial blade be converted into have axial velocity, tangential velocity, radial velocity rotary wind spray in metallurgical furnace, it expands outwardly diametrically under centrifugal action, negative pressure is produced in central zone, make high ambient temperatures gas backstreaming rotary wind center, form high temperature internal reflux district;
Will be air conveying and fully spray in metallurgical furnace inside one-time process wind after fluidization by material air through batching, dried pulverulent material, be involved in by one-time process wind, mix, formation rotary wind powder mixed airflow;
Make central process wind with direct current wind sprays in metallurgical furnace by plate hole formula stabilizer inside material air, for the inner side material in wind powder mixed airflow provides oxygen needed for oxidizing reaction;
Make secondary working ethics and practice with direct current wind sprays in metallurgical furnace by round nozzle outside one-time process wind, for the peripheral material in wind powder mixed airflow provides oxygen needed for oxidizing reaction;
Rotary wind powder mixed airflow is heated to oxidizing reaction temperature by the high-temperature gas in internal reflux district, with the oxygen generation oxidizing reaction in central process wind, material air, one-time process wind, secondary working ethics and practice, heat is provided without the need to additional combustion fuel, make full use of the chemical heat that oxidizing reaction is released, realize the reaction of autothermal Flash Smelting; Profile of tooth or ring gear shape distributor improve the distributing homogeneity of material on annular cross section, material are caught fire and oxidizing reaction is stable continues; Central process wind is by air quantity, wind speed, plate hole formula stabilizer, the volume exporting enlarging control internal reflux district, shape and distribution; Secondary working ethics and practice is passed through air quantity, wind speed, bundle flame cover, round nozzle and is exported the volume of the whole high warm air powder mixed airflow of enlarging control, shape and distribution, reduces pyrotic smelting product washing away metallurgical furnace inwall;
The wind powder mixed airflow that high temperature internal reflux district, central process wind, material air, one-time process wind, the acting in conjunction of secondary working ethics and practice produce, makes material fully mix with oxygen, collides, and realizes smelting composition, forming polynary complex feedstock.
Described central process wind, one-time process wind, secondary working ethics and practice, material air are oxygen-rich air, and its carrier of oxygen volume concentrations is 21% ~ 99%, and in each wind, oxygen level can be different.
The described fuel sprayed into is one or more in heavy oil, Sweet natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).
A kind of autothermal Flash Smelting device processing complex feedstock:
Comprise the fuel tube outwards distributed successively by device longitudinal center line, central air hose, materail tube, primary air piping, secondary air channel, five pipes are set with along same axis, be fuel channel in fuel tube, have living space between adjacent tubes and form center wind duct respectively, material channel, First air passage and secondary air channel, be provided with axial blade in primary air piping First air to be converted into there is axial velocity, tangential velocity, the rotary wind of radial velocity, central air hose, materail tube, primary air piping outlet at bottom adopts flare form, at center wind duct outlet at bottom place mounting plate cellular type stabilizer, at material channel outlet at bottom place, profile of tooth or ring gear shape distributor are installed, in secondary air channel bottom outside, bundle flame cover is installed, in secondary air channel exit, round nozzle is installed, direct-current secondary technique wind sprays in metallurgical furnace from round nozzle, the outlet at bottom of central air hose is positioned under materail tube outlet at bottom, materail tube outlet at bottom is positioned under primary air piping outlet at bottom.
The enlarging of described central air hose, materail tube, primary air piping outlet at bottom becomes 5 ° ~ 60 ° with assembly axis to centerlines.
Distance between the outlet at bottom of described central air hose and described materail tube outlet at bottom, the distance between described materail tube outlet at bottom and described primary air piping outlet at bottom is 10mm ~ 300mm.
Described round nozzle is evenly arranged at periphery, and form space between adjacent two, round nozzle bore can change.
In autothermal Flash Smelting technique provided by the invention, technique wind is divided into four strands: central process wind, material air, one-time process wind, secondary working ethics and practice.One-time process wind is converted into the rotary wind with axial velocity, tangential velocity, radial velocity through axial blade, expand outwardly under centrifugal action after blowoff, thus produce negative pressure in central zone, make high temperature gases recirculating rotary wind center, form high temperature internal reflux district, provide heat for material heats up to catch fire.The generation in high temperature internal reflux district is the outstanding feature of this autothermal Flash Smelting technique.Stable existence, size shape rationally, in the rational internal reflux district of nozzle distributing position, a large amount of high temperature gases recirculating spout central place can be absorbed, the material of firm delivery nozzle is rapidly heated, catches fire, react with reactant gases, and high temperature gases recirculating can make full use of existing a large amount of heat more than needed in reaction compartment, the fuel such as Sweet natural gas need not be reburned in addition to nozzle exit heat supply, can self-heating be accomplished, save mass energy.
The present invention adopts axial blade to produce swirling eddy, and fluid resistance is little, and outlet spin intensity is large, can mix with pulverulent material better.Flow rotation intensity is large, and can produce larger more stable internal reflux district, attract more high temperature gases recirculating jet exit, rapid heating lights material, for oxidizing reaction provides enough, stable heat.So just the waste heat in reaction tower space is fully utilized, need not reburn the fuel such as Sweet natural gas, can accomplish self-heating, and can reduce furnace temperature.
The present invention adopts material air pneumatic powder delivery with pressure, and by abundant for material fluidization, more easily mixes with one-time process wind after making material enter metallurgical furnace, improves wind powder degree of mixing.
Arranging of central process wind can provide more reasonably pressure gradient distribution occasion (producing compared to First air rotation) for the generation in high temperature internal reflux district, be conducive to the formation in internal reflux district, keep good shape and stable existence, increase the circumference of wind powder mixed airflow and high temperature reflux smoke contacts and heat exchange, strengthen steady fuel efficiency fruit.
The present invention with the addition of one direct-current secondary technique wind outside one-time process wind.Direct-current secondary technique wind sprays in metallurgical furnace in the outside of one-time process wind, for the peripheral material in wind powder mixed airflow provides oxygen, expand and strengthen internal reflux district, controlling mixing high temperature gas flow shape, stablizing oxidizing reaction and reduce high-temperature flue gas stream to the erosion corrosion of reaction tower inwall.
Four strands of technique wind all adopt oxygen-rich air, and oxygen level (volume fraction) is 21% ~ 99%.According to practical condition, the oxygen level of four strands of wind can be different, to meet production requirement better.
Described materail tube is positioned at primary air piping (main technique airduct) inner side, reason has 2 points: one is to make material directly enter high temperature internal reflux district, material rapid heating is caught fire, if be designed to materail tube outside First air, material can be made away from internal reflux district, can not fully by high temperature reflux flue gas heating; Two is make the annulation material strip being subject to rotary wind effect formation outside in material dropping process less, and then material distribution is more easily controlled, improve the mixing uniformity of material and reactant gases, make the conversion zone of material and gas closer to the position, axis of reaction compartment, reduction high temperature melting melt body and flue gas are to the erosion corrosion of furnace wall.
Autothermal Flash Smelting device provided by the invention is according to aerodynamic principle, Combustion principle design.Central air hose, materail tube, primary air piping outlet at bottom adopt flare form, appropriateness can increase air-flow extended corner, be conducive to improving airflow shaped, range and washing away furnace wall situation; Improve internal reflux district, make reaction more stable; Increase air-flow mixing, be conducive to heat transfer, mass transfer.
Annular channel outlet at bottom place mounting plate cellular type stabilizer between fuel tube and central air hose, can cooling jet head pipe fitting, avoids backflow or tempering, makes oxidizing reaction more stable; Other wind can be coordinated to improve high temperature gas flow shape by adjust flux and air outlet velocity.
Profile of tooth or ring gear shape distributor are installed inside materail tube outlet at bottom place, the distributing homogeneity of material on annular cross section can be improved, thick material particles is stopped by ring and tooth, be folded to internal reflux district, thin material particles can be walked around annulus and pass through in the space between two teeth, sprays in stove at the skin of thick streams; Little eddy current can be formed at the lee side of tooth, favourable to catching fire of material.
In secondary air channel bottom outside, bundle flame cover is installed, formed " peviform effect " or " bowl-shape effect ", wind powder air-flow can be avoided to spread too early, " necking down " is formed at air-flow root, thus eliminate the peak temperature of nozzle, to make in reaction compartment temperature distribution more reasonable, improve body of heater work-ing life.
Several round nozzles of direct-current secondary technique elegance spray, and have several advantage: one is to make secondary air have very high air outlet velocity; Two is that ejection area is stablized, not easily because of scaling loss distortion; Three is wear and tear or be convenient for changing after scaling loss; Four is that nozzle diameter has multiple model, can change the nozzle of different bore, thus it is adjustable to realize air outlet velocity according to need of production.These nozzles are uniform at periphery, form space between adjacent two.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the center section speed vector figure of technique of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of device of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the enlarged view of bottom of device of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the front view of bottom of device of the present invention outlet.
Wherein: 1 fuel tube, 2 central air hoses, 3 materail tubes, 4 primary air piping, 5 secondary air channels, 6 fuel channels, 7 center wind ducts, 8 material channels, 9 First air passages, 10 secondary air channels, 11 axial blade, 12 enlargings, 13 round nozzles, 14 bundle flame covers, 15 plate hole formula stabilizers, 16 ring gear shape distributors (or only have tooth there is no the profile of tooth distributor of ring, and not shown in FIG.), 17 internal reflux districts.
Embodiment
Be described in detail technical scheme provided by the invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the description of this part is only exemplary and indicative, should not be considered as the restriction to public technology content of the present invention.Should be noted that: in presents, described " on ", the D score noun of locality is for reference to determining with Flash Smelting device using state; Described " interior ", " outward " are with Flash Smelting device longitudinal center line for reference is determined, in the position of axis is, the position away from axis is outward.
A kind of autothermal Flash Smelting device processing complex feedstock, comprise the fuel tube 1, central air hose 2, materail tube 3, primary air piping 4, the secondary air channel 5 that are outwards distributed successively by device longitudinal center line, five pipes are set with along same axis, be fuel channel 6 in fuel tube 1, have living space between adjacent tubes and form center wind duct 7, material channel 8, First air passage 9 and secondary air channel 10 respectively.Fuel channel 6 is column, and rest channels cross section is ring-type; The upper end of five passages is not connected, mutually closes isolation; For ease of dismounting, maintenance and location, five cylindrical shell upper ends can adopt the docking mode of flange to be connected each other.
Composition graphs 2, in ring-type First air passage 9 between materail tube 3 and primary air piping 4, axial blade 11 is housed, one-time process wind becomes the rotary wind with axial velocity, tangential velocity, radial velocity via axial blade 11, its spin intensity is determined by factors such as blade quantity, pitch angle, depth of blade.Can according to factors such as charging capacity, wind powder degree of mixing, oxidizing reaction situation, high temperature gas flow shapes, by parameters such as the spin intensity needed for formulae discovery, blade quantity, pitch angle and depth of blade.After one-time process wind sprays into metallurgical furnace, expand outwardly under centrifugal action, thus produce negative pressure in central zone, make high temperature gases recirculating rotary wind center, form internal reflux district 17, provide heat for material heats up to catch fire.
Annulus between central air hose 2 and materail tube 3 forms material channel 8.Material channel 8 is positioned at inside First air passage 9, and upper end forms opening for feed, and opening for feed is connected with screw feeder, and then communicates with material bin.Air conveying and the fully fluidization by material air of pulverulent material after drying, metallurgical furnace is entered by material channel 8, be involved at nozzle by high speed rotating one-time process wind, stir, mix, form rotary wind powder mixed airflow, in high temperature environments, material heat absorption rapid temperature increases, catch fire, with one-time process wind in oxygen generation oxidizing reaction, reach the smelting object of desulfurization deferrization.
Central process wind sprays in stove from the inner side of material channel 8.Central process wind is set and can provides more reasonably pressure gradient distribution occasion (producing compared to First air rotation) for the generation in internal reflux district 17, be conducive to the formation in internal reflux district 17, keep good shape and stable existence, increase the circumference of wind powder air-flow and high temperature reflux smoke contacts and heat exchange, strengthen steady combustion effect.For this reason, central air hose 2 caliber is comparatively large, centre wind flow and pressure less.
One direct-current secondary technique wind has been added again outside one-time process wind, direct-current secondary technique wind sprays in metallurgical furnace in the outside of one-time process wind, for the peripheral material in wind powder mixed airflow provides oxygen, expand and strengthen internal reflux district 17, control high temperature gas flow shape, stablize oxidizing reaction and reduce high-temperature flue gas stream to the erosion corrosion of reaction tower inwall.
Four strands of wind all adopt oxygen-rich air, and oxygen level (volume fraction) is 21% ~ 99%.According to practical condition, the oxygen level of four strands of wind can be different, to meet production requirement better.The flow of four strands of wind is controlled by blower fan, caliber, valve, under meter.Central process wind, secondary working ethics and practice wind speed are controlled by air quantity, wind-warm syndrome, blast, discharge area, and one-time process wind wind speed is controlled by air quantity, wind-warm syndrome, blast, discharge area, axial blade.Need before normal use to carry out cold conditions measurement to each ducting outlet wind speed, calibration.
The fuel tube 1 of fuel through device center enters in reaction tower, can be one or more in heavy oil, Sweet natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).Combustion fuel is not exist in smelting is produced always, only when blow-on intensification, shutdown maintenance insulation, or opens in the not enough situation of reaction tower oxyfuel burner heat supply.
According to aerodynamic principle, Combustion principle design, central air hose 2, materail tube 3, primary air piping 4 outlet at bottom adopt enlarging 12 shape, become 5 ° ~ 60 ° with assembly axis to centerlines.
Plate hole formula stabilizer 15 is installed on the annular channel outlet at bottom place between fuel tube 1 and central air hose 2, and centre wind sprays in stove through these small sircle holes, and its circular hole aperture, quantity, distribution are all through formulae discovery and get.
Ring gear shape distributor 16 (or only having tooth not have the profile of tooth distributor of ring) is arranged on inside materail tube 3 outlet at bottom place.Coarse particles material, when ring gear shape distributor 16, is stopped by ring and tooth, is folded to device center, enter internal reflux district 17, complete oxidizing reaction fast; Fine granular materials can walk around ring, by the space of two between cog, enters in stove outside coarseparticulate stream.
Install bundle flame cover 14 in secondary air channel 5 bottom outside, install round nozzle 13 in secondary air duct exit, direct-current secondary technique wind sprays in metallurgical furnace from round nozzle 13, mixes with one-time process wind, and mixed airflow shape is subject to bundle flame cover 14 and controls.Round nozzle 13 is circumferentially evenly arranged, and can change direct-current secondary technique wind air outlet velocity, to adapt to the change of the factors such as charging capacity, wind powder mixed airflow shape, real reaction situation, furnace temperature by changing round nozzle 13 bore.
The outlet at bottom of central air hose 2 is positioned under materail tube 3 outlet at bottom, and materail tube 3 outlet at bottom is positioned under primary air piping 4 outlet at bottom, at a distance of 10mm ~ 300mm between adjacent pairs.
Apply specific examples herein to set forth technical scheme provided by the invention, the explanation of above embodiment just understands technical scheme provided by the invention for helping.It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, can also carry out some improvement and modification to the present invention, these improve and modify and also fall in the protection domain of the claims in the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. process an autothermal Flash Smelting technique for complex feedstock, it is characterized in that,
Passing into fuel to reaction tower center, when starting to feed intake as lighter for ignition, for providing heat at the beginning of autothermal smelting reaction, after smelting stable reaction, stopping using fuel;
By one-time process wind through axial blade be converted into have axial velocity, tangential velocity, radial velocity rotary wind spray in metallurgical furnace, it expands outwardly diametrically under centrifugal action, negative pressure is produced in central zone, make high ambient temperatures gas backstreaming rotary wind center, form high temperature internal reflux district;
Will be air conveying and fully spray in metallurgical furnace inside one-time process wind after fluidization by material air through batching, dried pulverulent material, be involved in by one-time process wind, mix, formation rotary wind powder mixed airflow;
Make central process wind with direct current wind sprays in metallurgical furnace by plate hole formula stabilizer inside material air, for the inner side material in wind powder mixed airflow provides oxygen needed for oxidizing reaction;
Make secondary working ethics and practice with direct current wind sprays in metallurgical furnace by round nozzle outside one-time process wind, for the peripheral material in wind powder mixed airflow provides oxygen needed for oxidizing reaction;
Rotary wind powder mixed airflow is heated to oxidizing reaction temperature by the high-temperature gas in internal reflux district, with the oxygen generation oxidizing reaction in central process wind, material air, one-time process wind, secondary working ethics and practice, heat is provided without the need to additional combustion fuel, make full use of the chemical heat that oxidizing reaction is released, realize the reaction of autothermal Flash Smelting; Profile of tooth or ring gear shape distributor improve the distributing homogeneity of material on annular cross section, material are caught fire and oxidizing reaction is stable continues; Central process wind is by air quantity, wind speed, plate hole formula stabilizer, the volume exporting enlarging control internal reflux district, shape and distribution; Secondary working ethics and practice is passed through air quantity, wind speed, bundle flame cover, round nozzle and is exported the volume of the whole high warm air powder mixed airflow of enlarging control, shape and distribution, reduces pyrotic smelting product washing away metallurgical furnace inwall;
The wind powder mixed airflow that high temperature internal reflux district, central process wind, material air, one-time process wind, the acting in conjunction of secondary working ethics and practice produce, makes material fully mix with oxygen, collides, and realizes smelting composition, forming polynary complex feedstock.
2. the autothermal Flash Smelting technique of process complex feedstock according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described central process wind, one-time process wind, secondary working ethics and practice, material air are oxygen-rich air, and its carrier of oxygen volume concentrations is 21% ~ 99%.
3. the autothermal Flash Smelting technique of process complex feedstock according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described fuel sprayed into is one or more in heavy oil, Sweet natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).
4. one kind processes the autothermal Flash Smelting device of complex feedstock, it is characterized in that, comprise the fuel tube outwards distributed successively by device longitudinal center line, central air hose, materail tube, primary air piping, secondary air channel, five pipes are set with along same axis, be fuel channel in fuel tube, have living space between adjacent tubes and form center wind duct respectively, material channel, First air passage and secondary air channel, be provided with axial blade in primary air piping First air to be converted into there is axial velocity, tangential velocity, the rotary wind of radial velocity, central air hose, materail tube, primary air piping outlet at bottom adopts flare form, at center wind duct outlet at bottom place mounting plate cellular type stabilizer, at material channel outlet at bottom place, profile of tooth or ring gear shape distributor are installed, in secondary air channel bottom outside, bundle flame cover is installed, in secondary air channel exit, round nozzle is installed, direct-current secondary technique wind sprays in metallurgical furnace from round nozzle, the outlet at bottom of central air hose is positioned under materail tube outlet at bottom, materail tube outlet at bottom is positioned under primary air piping outlet at bottom.
5. a kind of autothermal Flash Smelting device processing complex feedstock according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, the enlarging of described central air hose, materail tube, primary air piping outlet at bottom becomes 5 ° ~ 60 ° with assembly axis to centerlines.
6. a kind of autothermal Flash Smelting device processing complex feedstock according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, distance between the outlet at bottom of described central air hose and described materail tube outlet at bottom, the distance between described materail tube outlet at bottom and described primary air piping outlet at bottom is 10mm ~ 300mm.
7. a kind of autothermal Flash Smelting device processing complex feedstock according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described round nozzle is evenly arranged at periphery, and form space between adjacent two, round nozzle bore can change.
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| CN110396606A (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2019-11-01 | 天津闪速炼铁技术有限公司 | A kind of flash metallurgy gas package integral supply system and method for mixing |
| WO2021106884A1 (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2021-06-03 | パンパシフィック・カッパー株式会社 | Concentrate burner, flash furnace, and method for introducing reaction gas |
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