CN105112683A - Suspension smelting method and suspension smelting nozzle - Google Patents

Suspension smelting method and suspension smelting nozzle Download PDF

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CN105112683A
CN105112683A CN201510655559.2A CN201510655559A CN105112683A CN 105112683 A CN105112683 A CN 105112683A CN 201510655559 A CN201510655559 A CN 201510655559A CN 105112683 A CN105112683 A CN 105112683A
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air
oxygen
rich air
supply duct
swirler
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CN105112683B (en
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杨伟燕
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Yanggu Xiangguang Copper Co Ltd
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杨伟燕
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Abstract

The invention provides a suspension smelting method. According to the method, the heating speed and the reaction speed of materials are increased by a central backflow area and/or an external backflow area as well as grading reaction; by the aid of higher cyclone intensity, mixing uniformity of the materials and oxygen-enriched air is improved, and the suspension time of the materials in a reaction tower is increased; metallurgy reaction proceeding and sufficient reaction are promoted remarkably, the productivity of a flash furnace is improved, and suspension smelting of concentrate containing high impurities is realized better. The invention further provides a suspension smelting nozzle for implementing the suspension smelting method.

Description

One is revolved floating smelting process and is revolved floating smelting nozzle
Technical field
The present invention relates to non-ferrous metal metallurgy technical field, especially relate to one and revolve floating smelting process and revolve floating smelting nozzle.
Background technology
In non-ferrous metal metallurgy industry, especially Copper making industry, suspension flash smelting technology is one of topmost smelting technology, and its technological principle is: first by the gas needed for metallurgical reaction, normally oxygen-rich air, sprays in the reaction tower of Flash Smelting Furnace by smelting nozzle; Then by the solid-state pulverulent material needed for dried metallurgical reaction, generally include concentrate, flux and returning charge, spray in the reaction tower of Flash Smelting Furnace by smelting nozzle; After solid-state pulverulent material and oxygen-rich air spray from nozzle, mutually be mixed to form gas material mixed stream, solid-state pulverulent material is suspended in and is full of oxygen-rich air and in the space had in the reaction tower of higher oxygen gesture, material particle is fully mixed with the oxygen in oxygen-rich air contact, because the particle diameter of solid-state pulverulent material is very little, there is huge surface-area, solid-state pulverulent material and oxygen is made to complete metallurgical reaction within moment (2 ~ 3 seconds), the corresponding metallurgical products of output, reaches the smelting object of desulfurization deferrization.Because metallurgical reaction completes in a short period of time, speed of response is very fast, and therefore named suspension flash is smelted, and the metallurgical furnace realizing above-mentioned suspension flash smelting technology is called Flash Smelting Furnace.
In recent years because Copper making ability is acutely expanded, the supply of high-quality copper ore concentrates becomes more and more nervous, and copper ore concentrates becomes gradually " low-grade " and/or " high impurity ".Low-grade, refer to that the content of the metal target copper in copper ore concentrates is lower; High impurity, mainly refers to that the content of the impurity elements such as the lead in copper ore concentrates, zinc, arsenic, antimony, bismuth and/or tin is higher.
And it is well-known, Flash Smelting Furnace structure in suspension flash smelting, nozzle arrangements and smelting process etc. all design for processing phosphorus concentrate, it is also not suitable for processing concentrate that is low-grade and/or high impurity: when suspension flash smelts low-grade copper ore concentrates, the content of the metal target copper in copper ore concentrates is lower, mean that the lower valency sulfur content in copper ore concentrates is higher, lower valency element sulphur is equivalent to the fuel in metallurgical reaction, more heat can be produced under identical copper ore concentrates charging capacity, cause furnace temperature too high, body of heater bears higher thermal load, reduce the work-ing life of body of heater, thus limit the ability of suspension flash metallurgy low-grade copper concentrate, when suspension flash smelts the copper ore concentrates of high impurity, the content of the impurity elements such as the lead in copper ore concentrates, zinc, arsenic, antimony, bismuth and/or tin is higher, these impurity can reduce the heat-up rate of copper ore concentrates, raise the temperature of reaction of copper ore concentrates, reduce the speed of response of copper ore concentrates, easily cause metallurgical reaction incomplete, reduce the throughput of Flash Smelting Furnace, thus limit the ability of suspension flash metallurgy height impurity copper concentrate.In actual production, current suspension flash smelting process and suspension flash smelting nozzle can't realize the smelting to low-grade and/or high impurity concentrate preferably.
Therefore, how to utilize existing Flash Smelting Furnace, realizing the smelting of high impurity concentrate is preferably the technical problem that those skilled in the art need solution badly.
Summary of the invention
Based on above-mentioned explanation, the object of the present invention is to provide one to revolve floating smelting process, this revolves floating smelting process and utilizes existing Flash Smelting Furnace, can realize the smelting to high impurity concentrate preferably.Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of realization and above-mentionedly revolves revolving of floating smelting process and floating smelt nozzle.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
One revolves floating smelting process, comprises the following steps:
1) rotary first oxygen-rich air produced by the first swirler is sprayed into described reaction tower from reaction tower tower top, the horizontal section of the circulation path of described rotary first oxygen-rich air is ring-type, described first swirler is the scroll casing type swirler for generation of Central backflow area and/or external reflux district, tangential vane formula swirler or bladed axial swirler, after spraying into described reaction tower, the Central backflow area that can entrainment gas backstreaming being positioned at its inside and/or the external reflux district can entrainmenting gas backstreaming be positioned at outside it is formed in described rotary first oxygen-rich air,
By rotary second oxygen-rich air that produced by the second swirler from the outside of described rotary first oxygen-rich air to spray into described reaction tower around the form of described rotary first oxygen-rich air, described second swirler is for generation of the scroll casing type swirler in Central backflow area and/or external reflux district, tangential vane formula swirler or bladed axial swirler, after spraying into described reaction tower, in described rotary second oxygen-rich air, form the Central backflow area that can entrainment gas backstreaming being positioned at its inside and/or the external reflux district can entrainmenting gas backstreaming be positioned at outside it;
Described rotary first oxygen-rich air and described rotary second oxygen-rich air are mixed to form mixed airflow in described reaction tower, and the Central backflow area in described rotary first oxygen-rich air and/or external reflux district and the Central backflow area in corresponding described rotary second oxygen-rich air and/or external reflux district superpose mutually becomes a corresponding Central backflow area and/or external reflux district;
2) by the solid-state pulverulent material needed for metallurgical reaction by described step 1) in the cavity passage that surrounds of rotary first oxygen-rich air send in described reaction tower;
3) described step 1) in mixed airflow and described step 2) in mixing of materials form gas material mixed stream, simultaneously to absorb the heat of hot gas in the Central backflow area after superposition and/or external reflux district temperature required to metallurgical reaction for described gas material mixed stream, then the oxygen generation metallurgical reaction in described material and rotary first oxygen-rich air and rotary second oxygen-rich air, generates metal sulfonium and the mixture of slag or the mixture of metal and slag and falls into settling tank.
Preferably, the described rotary volume percent stating oxygen in the first oxygen-rich air is 50% ~ 65%.
Preferably, in described rotary second oxygen-rich air, the volume percent of oxygen is 50% ~ 65%.
Preferably, the 3rd oxygen-rich air is sprayed into described reaction tower through the cavity passage that described material surrounds.
Compared with prior art, the invention provides one and revolve floating smelting process, this revolves scroll casing type swirler, tangential vane formula swirler or bladed axial swirler that first floating smelting process is selected the first swirler and the second swirler to be can to produce Central backflow area and/or external reflux district; Then by the first swirler, the first oxygen-rich air that Cemented filling comes is changed into rotary first oxygen-rich air with axial velocity, radial velocity and tangential velocity, by the second swirler, the second oxygen-rich air that Cemented filling comes is changed into rotary second oxygen-rich air with axial velocity, radial velocity and tangential velocity; Then rotary first oxygen-rich air and rotary second oxygen-rich air are separately sprayed into reaction tower.Rotary first oxygen-rich air is the air-flow of the strong swirl strength produced by the first swirler, and rotary second oxygen-rich air is the air-flow of the strong swirl strength produced by the second swirler, and the two all can produce Central backflow area and/or external reflux district.Rotary first oxygen-rich air mixes with rotary second oxygen-rich air and forms mixed airflow, and form coaxial swirling eddy, the Central backflow area of former each self-forming and/or external reflux district superpose mutually becomes a corresponding Central backflow area and/or external reflux district.
Stable existence, size shape rationally, in reaction tower the rational Central backflow area of distributing position and/or external reflux district, correspondingly a large amount of high-temperature gases of middle and lower part in reaction tower and/or periphery can be entrainmented the cylindrical region being back to reaction tower center, especially nozzle exit, the high-temperature gas of a large amount of backflow directly contacts with the material of firm delivery nozzle, utilize the amount of heat contained by it to carry out rapid heating intensification to material, improve the heat-up rate of material; The high-temperature gas of above-mentioned a large amount of backflow also improves the envrionment temperature of nozzle exit and below thereof, improves the speed of response of material and oxygen-rich air.
The present invention, by arranging rotary second oxygen-rich air, makes itself and rotary first oxygen-rich air acting in conjunction achieve the classification metallurgical reaction being similar to fractional combustion in Combustion, is beneficial to catching fire and stable reaction of material; The two acting in conjunction defines the coaxial swirling eddy of mixing, the Central backflow area of each self-forming and/or external reflux district mutually superpose and become one, can produce more greatly, more stable Central backflow area and/or external reflux district, entrainment the backflow of more high-temperature gas, further increase heat-up rate and the speed of response of material, be beneficial to metallurgical reaction carry out and react completely, improve the throughput of Flash Smelting Furnace.The present invention is the powder-wind-wind pattern distributed from inside to outside, is " bellows chamber powder " pattern, rotary first oxygen-rich air and rotary second oxygen-rich air adjacent, centre does not have other material estrangement, the generation being conducive to above-mentioned classification metallurgical reaction with continue to carry out.
The scroll casing type swirler that the present invention selects, tangential vane formula swirler or bladed axial swirler are strong swirler, make rotary first oxygen-rich air and rotary second oxygen-rich air all have stronger swirl strength; After rotary first oxygen-rich air and rotary second oxygen-rich air mixing, the mixed airflow formed has than rotary first oxygen-rich air separately or rotary second oxygen-rich air is higher separately swirl strength; Higher swirl strength pulverulent material is mixed with above-mentioned mixed airflow more fast evenly, improve the time that material is detained at reaction tower space inner suspension, improve contact probability and the duration of contact of oxygen in material and oxygen-rich air, be beneficial to metallurgical reaction carry out and react completely, improve the throughput of Flash Smelting Furnace.
To sum up, the classification metallurgical reaction that the existence in Central backflow area and/or external reflux district and rotary first oxygen-rich air and rotary second oxygen-rich air are formed improves heat-up rate and the speed of response of material, reduce in high impurity concentrate plumbous pointedly, zinc, arsenic, antimony, the element such as bismuth and/or tin is to the negative influence of material heat-up rate and speed of response in smelting process, moreover stronger swirl strength improves mixing velocity and the mixing uniformity of material and mixed airflow, improve the time of material at reaction tower inner suspension, thus improve contact probability and the duration of contact of oxygen in material and mixed airflow, above-mentioned multiple favorable factor be combined with each other, mutually promote, significantly promote metallurgical reaction carry out and react completely, improve the throughput of Flash Smelting Furnace, achieve preferably and smelting is floated to revolving of high impurity concentrate.
The high temperature gas flow of middle and lower part in reaction tower and/or periphery is back to reaction tower central zone by Central backflow area and/or external reflux district accordingly, heat in reaction tower is forcibly concentrated to reaction tower central zone, reduce the temperature near furnace wall, reduce the thermal load that furnace wall is born, decrease the molten mass of high temperature and flue gas to the high temperature corrosion of furnace wall with wash away, the negative influence that the element sulphur reducing high level in low-grade concentrate pointedly causes Flash Smelting Furnace body of heater, improve the work-ing life of body of heater, achieve preferably and smelting is floated to revolving of low-grade concentrate.Technical scheme provided by the present invention is reducing lead in high impurity concentrate pointedly, zinc, arsenic, antimony, the element such as bismuth and/or tin is to the negative influence of material heat-up rate and speed of response in smelting process, achieve preferably to high impurity concentrate revolve floating smelting while, also achieve unforeseeable technique effect: the negative influence that the element sulphur reducing high level in low-grade concentrate pointedly causes Flash Smelting Furnace body of heater, achieve preferably and smelting is floated to revolving of low-grade concentrate, thus make provided by the inventionly to revolve floating smelting process and can process high impurity concentrate, low-grade concentrate can be processed again.
The high temperature gas flow of middle and lower part in reaction tower and/or periphery is back to reaction tower central zone by Central backflow area and/or external reflux district accordingly, the heat of middle and lower part in reaction tower and/or periphery is forcibly concentrated to reaction tower central zone, make full use of heat more than needed existing in reaction tower and heat the material sprayed in reaction tower, after making it reach temperature of reaction, there is metallurgical reaction, release a large amount of chemical heat simultaneously, namely the heat in first absorbing environmental, again to release of heat in environment, control character and the smelting process parameter of material, heat budget balance can be realized completely, after metallurgical reaction is caused need not again combustion fuel to additional heat near nozzle exit, thus reduce energy consumption and production cost, protect environment, achieve autothermal to smelt.
Further, the present invention is 50% ~ 65% by controlling the volume percent of oxygen in rotary first oxygen-rich air and/or rotary second oxygen-rich air, meet the needs of metallurgical reaction to oxygen on the one hand, carry out under making metallurgical reaction be in higher oxygen gesture all the time; Make the mixed airflow after having participated in metallurgical reaction still have enough materials that can drive on the other hand and continue air quantity and the energy of motion, material the second half is moved and can not depart from former movement locus, thus be beneficial to fully contacting of material and oxygen-rich air, be beneficial to metallurgical reaction and carry out and react completely.Simultaneously, also make oxygen-making plant without the need to the high oxygen-rich air of regenerative ratio 70% ~ 85% (volume percent) or industrial pure oxygen, the volume percent of direct production oxygen is the oxygen-rich air of 50% ~ 65%, thus significantly reduce energy consumption and the production cost of oxygen-making plant, significantly reduce energy consumption and the production cost of smelting enterprise.The present invention is while the above-mentioned technical problem to be solved of solution, achieve unforeseeable technique effect---achieve low oxygen-rich smelting, significantly reduce energy consumption and the production cost of smelting enterprise, also overcome in non-ferrous metal metallurgy technical field technology prejudice---oxygen-rich concentration is higher, metallurgical reaction is better.
The present invention also provides a kind of realization above-mentionedly to revolve revolving of floating smelting process and floating smelt nozzle, comprises for the feed device of solid-state pulverulent material needed for reaction tower supply metallurgical reaction, for the first air feeder to rotary first oxygen-rich air of described reaction tower supply and for the second air feeder to rotary second oxygen-rich air of described reaction tower supply;
Described feed device comprises feeder sleeve, described first air feeder comprises the first air-supply duct and the first swirler for generation of described rotary first oxygen-rich air, and described second air feeder comprises the second air-supply duct and the second swirler for generation of described rotary second oxygen-rich air;
Described first air-supply duct is set in the outside of described feeder sleeve, described second air-supply duct is set in the outside of described first air-supply duct, cavity in described feeder sleeve forms material channel, cavity between described first air-supply duct and described feeder sleeve forms the first oxygen-rich air passage, and the cavity between described second air-supply duct and described first air-supply duct forms the second oxygen-rich air passage;
Described first swirler is arranged in described first oxygen-rich air passage, and described second swirler is arranged in described second oxygen-rich air passage;
Described first swirler is for generation of the scroll casing type swirler in Central backflow area and/or external reflux district, tangential vane formula swirler or bladed axial swirler, and described second swirler is for generation of the scroll casing type swirler in Central backflow area and/or external reflux district, tangential vane formula swirler or bladed axial swirler.
Preferably, also comprise for the 3rd air feeder to described reaction tower supply the 3rd oxygen-rich air, described 3rd air feeder comprises the 3rd air-supply duct, and described 3rd air-supply duct is set in the inside of described feeder sleeve; Circular channel between described feeder sleeve and described 3rd air-supply duct is material channel, and the cavity in described 3rd air-supply duct forms the 3rd oxygen-rich air passage.
Preferably, described first air feeder also comprises the tangent tangential admission pipe of several and described first air-supply duct outer wall circumferential surface, and described in several on described first air-supply duct, the airintake direction of tangential admission pipe is same sense of rotation; Described second air feeder also comprises the tangent tangential admission pipe of several and described second air-supply duct outer wall circumferential surface, and described in several on described second air-supply duct, the airintake direction of tangential admission pipe is same sense of rotation.
Preferably, described first air-supply duct also comprises external diameter and is greater than the external diameter of described first air-supply duct remainder and is arranged at the wide diameter part at described first air-supply duct inlet mouth place; Described second air-supply duct also comprises external diameter and is greater than the external diameter of described second air-supply duct remainder and is arranged at the wide diameter part at described second air-supply duct inlet mouth place.
Preferably, also comprise and described in being arranged at, to revolve the floating lighter for ignition smelted in nozzle, cause metallurgical reaction for generation of heat, revolve on the floating longitudinal center line smelting nozzle described in the down-firing end of described lighter for ignition is positioned at.
Preferably, the outlet at bottom of described feeder sleeve is straight pipe type outlet, the outlet at bottom of described first air-supply duct is the flaring mouth expanded outwardly gradually from top to bottom, the outlet at bottom of described second air-supply duct is the flaring mouth expanded outwardly gradually from top to bottom, and the outlet at bottom of described 3rd air-supply duct is straight pipe type outlet; The outlet at bottom of described feeder sleeve is positioned at the below of described 3rd air-supply duct outlet at bottom, the outlet at bottom of described first air-supply duct is positioned at the below of described feeder sleeve outlet at bottom, and the outlet at bottom of described second air-supply duct is positioned at the below of described first air-supply duct outlet at bottom.
The one that the invention provides is revolved and floating is smelted nozzle, and in order to realize above-mentioned revolving floating smelting process, therefore this revolves floating nozzle of smelting and has and above-mentionedly revolve the whole Advantageous Effects of floating smelting process, repeats no more herein.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the principle of work schematic diagram revolving floating smelting nozzle that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Fig. 2 is the flow field schematic diagram revolving the exit of floating smelting nozzle of Fig. 1.
In figure: 1 feeder sleeve, 101 materials, 102 three cuff technique, 103 material airs, 2 first air-supply duct, 201 rotary first oxygen-rich air, 202 first swirlers, 3 second air-supply duct, 301 rotary second oxygen-rich air, 302 second swirlers, 4 the 3rd air-supply duct, 401 the 3rd oxygen-rich air, 5 wide diameter parts, 6 taper portions, 7 flaring mouths, 8 Central backflow area, 9 external reflux districts.
Embodiment
For making the object of the embodiment of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is a part of embodiment of the present invention, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, the every other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art obtain under the prerequisite not making creative work, all belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
In describing the invention, it will be appreciated that, term " " center ", " axis ", " radial direction ", " longitudinal direction ", " transverse direction ", " length ", " width ", " on ", D score, " front ", " afterwards ", " left side ", " right side ", " top ", " end ", " interior ", " outward ", " clockwise ", " counterclockwise ", " level ", orientation or the position relationship of the instruction such as " vertically " are based on orientation shown in the drawings or position relationship, only the present invention for convenience of description and simplified characterization, instead of indicate or imply that the device of indication or element must have specific orientation, with specific azimuth configuration and operation, therefore limitation of the present invention can not be interpreted as.
In addition, term " first ", " second " only for describing object, and can not be interpreted as instruction or hint relative importance or imply the quantity indicating indicated technical characteristic.Thus, one or more these features can be expressed or impliedly be comprised to the feature of restriction " first ", " second ".
In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, fisrt feature second feature it " on " or D score, the first and second features can be comprised and directly contact, also can comprise the first and second features and not be directly contact but by the other characterisation contact between them.And, fisrt feature second feature " on ", " top " and " above " comprise fisrt feature directly over second feature and oblique upper, or only represent that fisrt feature level height is higher than second feature.Fisrt feature second feature " under ", " below " and " below " comprise fisrt feature immediately below second feature and tiltedly below, or only represent that fisrt feature level height is less than second feature.
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 2, Fig. 1 is the principle of work schematic diagram revolving floating smelting nozzle that the embodiment of the present invention provides; Fig. 2 is the flow field schematic diagram revolving the exit of floating smelting nozzle of Fig. 1, and the first swirler shown in Fig. 1, the second swirler and three cuff technique are bladed axial swirler.
The invention provides one and revolve floating smelting process, comprise the following steps:
1) rotary first oxygen-rich air 201 produced by the first swirler 202 is sprayed into described reaction tower from reaction tower tower top, the horizontal section of the circulation path of described rotary first oxygen-rich air 201 is ring-type, described first swirler 202 is the scroll casing type swirler for generation of Central backflow area 8 and/or external reflux district 9, tangential vane formula swirler or bladed axial swirler, after spraying into described reaction tower, the Central backflow area 8 that can entrainment gas backstreaming being positioned at its inside and/or the external reflux district 9 can entrainmenting gas backstreaming be positioned at outside it is formed in described rotary first oxygen-rich air 201,
By rotary second oxygen-rich air 301 produced by the second swirler 302 from the outside of described rotary first oxygen-rich air 201 to spray into described reaction tower around the form of described rotary first oxygen-rich air 201, described second swirler 302 is the scroll casing type swirler for generation of Central backflow area 8 and/or external reflux district 9, tangential vane formula swirler or bladed axial swirler, after spraying into described reaction tower, the Central backflow area 8 that can entrainment gas backstreaming being positioned at its inside and/or the external reflux district 9 can entrainmenting gas backstreaming be positioned at outside it is formed in described rotary second oxygen-rich air 301,
Described rotary first oxygen-rich air 201 is mixed to form mixed airflow with described rotary second oxygen-rich air 301 in described reaction tower, and mutual superposition of the Central backflow area 8 in described rotary first oxygen-rich air 201 and/or external reflux district 9 and the Central backflow area 8 in corresponding described rotary second oxygen-rich air 301 and/or external reflux district 9 becomes a corresponding Central backflow area 8 and/or external reflux district 9;
2) by the solid-state pulverulent material 101 needed for metallurgical reaction by described step 1) in the cavity passage that surrounds of rotary first oxygen-rich air 201 send in described reaction tower;
3) described step 1) in mixed airflow and described step 2) in material 101 be mixed to form gas material mixed stream, simultaneously to absorb the heat of hot gas in the Central backflow area 8 after superposition and/or external reflux district 9 temperature required to metallurgical reaction for described gas material mixed stream, then described material 101 and the oxygen generation metallurgical reaction in rotary first oxygen-rich air 201 and rotary second oxygen-rich air 301, generate metal sulfonium and the mixture of slag or the mixture of metal and slag and fall into settling tank.
Provided by the inventionly revolve floating smelting process and comprise and revolve floating melting method and revolve floating converting method.For revolving floating melting method, above-mentioned material 101 is the mixing material of concentrate, returning charge and flux etc., concentrate is the vulcanised ore concentrate of copper, nickel, lead or zinc, such as copper sulfide concentrate, returning charge comprises slag concentrate, blowing slag and/or cigarette ash, flux is quartz, and the product that metallurgical reaction obtains is the mixture of metal sulfonium and slag, such as matte and smelting slag.For revolving floating converting method, above-mentioned material 101 is the mixing material of concentrate, returning charge and flux etc., concentrate is the metal sulfonium of copper, nickel, lead or zinc, such as matte, returning charge comprises cigarette ash, flux is quartz and/or lime, and the product that metallurgical reaction obtains is the mixture of metal and slag, such as blister copper and blowing slag.
The invention provides one and revolve floating smelting process, first this revolves floating smelting process selects the first swirler 202 and the second swirler 302 to be scroll casing type swirler, tangential vane formula swirler or the bladed axial swirler that can produce Central backflow area 8 and/or external reflux district 9; Then by the first swirler 202, the first oxygen-rich air that Cemented filling comes is changed into rotary first oxygen-rich air 201 with axial velocity, radial velocity and tangential velocity, by the second swirler 302, the second oxygen-rich air that Cemented filling comes is changed into rotary second oxygen-rich air 301 with axial velocity, radial velocity and tangential velocity; Then rotary first oxygen-rich air 201 and rotary second oxygen-rich air 301 are separately sprayed into reaction tower.Rotary first oxygen-rich air 201 is the air-flows of the strong swirl strength produced by the first swirler 202, rotary second oxygen-rich air 301 is the air-flows of the strong swirl strength produced by the second swirler 302, and the two all can produce Central backflow area 8 and/or external reflux district 9.Rotary first oxygen-rich air 201 is mixed to form mixed airflow with rotary second oxygen-rich air 301, form coaxial swirling eddy, the Central backflow area 8 of former each self-forming and/or external reflux district 9 mutually superposition become a corresponding Central backflow area 8 and/or external reflux district 9.
First swirler 202 can be scroll casing type swirler, tangential vane formula swirler or bladed axial swirler, but can not be the most original tangential admission pipe, because its air resistance is large, the swirl strength of the rotary gas produced is more weak, size and the direction of axial velocity, tangential velocity and radial velocity are unreasonable, cannot form the Central backflow area 8 and/or external reflux district 9 with practical significance.Second swirler 302 is the same.
The not every swirling eddy of formation in Central backflow area 8 or external reflux district 9 all has, and its swirl strength primarily of swirling eddy determines, it just can generate under strong swirl strength usually.And the swirl strength of sub-thread oxygen-rich air is only relevant with the structural parameter of swirler, therefore, the formation in Central backflow area 8 or external reflux district 9 is by the type of swirler and structures shape.The first swirler 202 that the present invention selects and the second swirler 302 are scroll casing type swirler, tangential vane formula swirler or bladed axial swirler, three all can produce the swirling eddy of strong swirl strength, can form the Central backflow area 8 and/or external reflux district 9 with practical significance.Preferably, the swirl strength of the first swirler 202 and the second swirler 302 is controlled for being greater than 0.6.
Central backflow area 8 and external reflux district 9 not necessarily form existence simultaneously, and this is relevant with the character of the mixed mixed airflow of rotary second oxygen-rich air 301 with above-mentioned rotary first oxygen-rich air 201, the mainly swirl strength of mixed airflow.In actual production, rotary first oxygen-rich air 201 and the character of rotary second oxygen-rich air 301 can be controlled according to need of production, Central backflow area 8 and external reflux district 9 be existed simultaneously, or only has Central backflow area 8, or only have external reflux district 9.
Central backflow area 8 mainly by middle and lower part in reaction tower, the high-temperature gas that generates primarily of the metallurgical reaction that completed entrainments the axial cylindrical space be back in the reaction tower corresponding with nozzle od, mainly reverse flow nozzle exit.The size of Central backflow area 8 characterizes the high-temperature gas reverse flow nozzle exit that it can entrainment how many volumes, and volume is too little, and the High Temperature Gas scale of construction of backflow is less, to the intensification of material 101 and metallurgical reaction effect not obvious; Volume is too large, and the High Temperature Gas of backflow knows from experience the thermal losses accelerating nozzle and reaction tower tower top.The position of Central backflow area 8 refers to its position relative to nozzle exit, desirable position is that the longitudinal center line of Central backflow area 8 overlaps with the longitudinal center line of nozzle exit, and the material 101 be beneficial to spraying from nozzle exit carries out even rapid heating.The shape of Central backflow area 8 refers to the shape presented in space, and desirable shape is symmetrical about the longitudinal center line of nozzle exit, and the material 101 be beneficial to spraying from nozzle exit carries out even rapid heating.
External reflux district 9 mainly by reaction tower inner peripheral, the high-temperature gas that generates primarily of the metallurgical reaction that completed entrainments the axial cylindrical space be back in the reaction tower corresponding with nozzle od, mainly reverse flow nozzle exit.The formation in external reflux district 9 neither all have by all swirling eddies, and its swirl strength primarily of swirling eddy determines.External reflux district 9 is similar with the effect of Central backflow area 8, the heat of reaction tower inner peripheral is entrainmented nozzle exit or reaction tower central zone, heat in reaction tower is carried out sub-distribution again, forcibly concentrates to centre, be beneficial to metallurgical reaction and carry out and react completely.Also there is the problem of size, distributing position and shape in external reflux district 9.
A stable existence, size shape is reasonable, the rational Central backflow area 8 of distributing position and/or external reflux district 9 in reaction tower, accordingly a large amount of high-temperature gases of middle and lower part in reaction tower or periphery can be entrainmented the central column area being back to reaction tower, especially nozzle exit, the high-temperature gas of above-mentioned a large amount of backflow directly contacts with the material 101 of firm delivery nozzle, the amount of heat contained by it is utilized to carry out heat temperature raising to material 101, improve the heat-up rate of material 101, the high-temperature gas of above-mentioned a large amount of backflow also improves the envrionment temperature of nozzle exit and below thereof, improve the speed of response of material 101 and oxygen-rich air.
The present invention includes rotary first oxygen-rich air 201 and rotary second oxygen-rich air 301, mainly in order to make rotary second oxygen-rich air 301 form with rotary first oxygen-rich air 201 the classification metallurgical reaction being similar to fractional combustion in Combustion, be beneficial to the ignition and steady combustion of concentrate; The two acting in conjunction can also produce more greatly, more stable Central backflow area 8 and/or external reflux district 9, and entrainment the backflow of more high-temperature gas, rapid heating lights material 101, for metallurgical reaction provides enough, stable heat.
The scroll casing type swirler that the present invention selects, tangential vane formula swirler or bladed axial swirler are strong swirler, make rotary first oxygen-rich air 201 and rotary second oxygen-rich air 301 all have stronger swirl strength; After rotary first oxygen-rich air 201 and rotary second oxygen-rich air 301 mix, the mixed airflow formed has than rotary first oxygen-rich air 201 separately or rotary second oxygen-rich air 301 is higher separately swirl strength; Higher swirl strength pulverulent material 101 is mixed with above-mentioned mixed airflow more fast evenly, improve the time that material 101 is detained at reaction tower space inner suspension, improve contact probability and the duration of contact of oxygen in material 101 and oxygen-rich air, be beneficial to metallurgical reaction carry out and react completely, improve the throughput of Flash Smelting Furnace.
In the present invention, the cavity passage that material 101 surrounds at rotary first oxygen-rich air 201 is fallen into reaction tower, for " bellows chamber powder " pattern, reason has 2 points: one is under " powder bag wind " pattern (material 101 is to spray into reaction tower around the form of rotary first oxygen-rich air 201), now the material 101 in outside forms a material curtain, rotary first oxygen-rich air 201 is enclosed taboo inside, reduce radial velocity and the tangential velocity of rotary first oxygen-rich air 201, cause it to be formed Central backflow area 8 and/or external reflux district 9 that one has practical significance, make the advantage that cannot give full play to Central backflow area 8 and/or external reflux district 9, two is that under " bellows chamber powder " pattern, material 101 can directly enter Central backflow area 8, is rapidly heated and catches fire, if " powder bag wind " pattern, material 101 can be made away from Central backflow area 8, the high-temperature gas heating that can not fully be refluxed.
In the present invention, the effect of rotary second oxygen-rich air 301 forms with rotary first oxygen-rich air 201 the classification metallurgical reaction being similar to fractional combustion in Combustion, instead of form the air curtain that is similar to cooling parclose, classification metallurgical reaction is conducive to the ignition and steady combustion of concentrate, is beneficial to metallurgical reaction and carries out and react completely.Under above-mentioned " bellows chamber powder " pattern, on the basis of rotary first oxygen-rich air 201, add rotary second oxygen-rich air 301, powder-wind-wind pattern that final formation distributes from inside to outside, rotary first oxygen-rich air 201 is adjacent with rotary second oxygen-rich air 301, centre does not have other material estrangement, can form above-mentioned classification metallurgical reaction.If under " powder bag wind " pattern, after adding rotary second oxygen-rich air 301, wind-powder-wind pattern that final formation distributes from inside to outside, across material 101 between rotary first oxygen-rich air 201 and rotary second oxygen-rich air 301, the two cannot form above-mentioned classification metallurgical reaction effect.
Rotary second oxygen-rich air 301 can be identical with the sense of rotation of rotary first oxygen-rich air 201, also can be different.In the present invention, preferably, the sense of rotation of the two is identical.First swirler 202 can be identical with the kind of the second swirler 302, also can be different.
Rotary first oxygen-rich air 201 and rotary second oxygen-rich air 301 are mixed to form gas material mixed stream with material 101, and the heat of the Central backflow area 8 after the superposition of gas material mixed stream absorption simultaneously and/or the hot gas in external reflux district 9 is temperature required to metallurgical reaction.High-temperature gas existing in hot gas and reaction tower.For cold conditions blow-on, need at a large amount of fuel of reaction tower combustion, preferably Sweet natural gas, by being preheated to 900 DEG C ~ 1100 DEG C in reaction tower, produces a large amount of high-temperature gas, can meet the caloric requirement causing metallurgical reaction; For hot blowing out spot check, need combustion fuel to be incubated reaction tower, also can produce a large amount of high-temperature gas, the caloric requirement causing metallurgical reaction can be met.Above-mentioned fuel combustion can be burnt rifle by reaction tower and be realized.
To sum up, the classification metallurgical reaction that the existence in Central backflow area 8 and/or external reflux district 9 and rotary first oxygen-rich air 201 and rotary second oxygen-rich air 301 are formed improves heat-up rate and the speed of response of material 101, reduce in high impurity concentrate plumbous pointedly, zinc, arsenic, antimony, the element such as bismuth and/or tin is to the negative influence of material in smelting process 101 heat-up rate and speed of response, moreover stronger swirl strength improves the mixing uniformity of material 101 and mixed airflow and material 101 time at reaction tower inner suspension, improve contact probability and the duration of contact of oxygen in material 101 and mixed airflow, above-mentioned multiple favorable factor be combined with each other, mutually promote, significantly promote metallurgical reaction carry out and react completely, improve the throughput of Flash Smelting Furnace, achieve preferably and smelting is floated to revolving of high impurity concentrate.
The high temperature gas flow of middle and lower part in reaction tower and/or periphery is back to reaction tower central zone by Central backflow area 8 and/or external reflux district 9 accordingly, heat in reaction tower is forcibly concentrated to reaction tower central zone, reduce the temperature near furnace wall, reduce the thermal load that furnace wall is born, decrease the molten mass of high temperature and flue gas to the high temperature corrosion of furnace wall with wash away, the negative influence that the element sulphur reducing high level in low-grade concentrate pointedly causes Flash Smelting Furnace body of heater, improve the work-ing life of body of heater, achieve preferably and smelting is floated to revolving of low-grade concentrate.Technical scheme provided by the present invention is reducing lead in high impurity concentrate pointedly, zinc, arsenic, antimony, the element such as bismuth and/or tin is to the negative influence of material in smelting process 101 heat-up rate and speed of response, achieve preferably to high impurity concentrate revolve floating smelting while, also achieve unforeseeable technique effect: the negative influence that the element sulphur reducing high level in low-grade concentrate pointedly causes Flash Smelting Furnace body of heater, achieve preferably and smelting is floated to revolving of low-grade concentrate, thus make provided by the inventionly to revolve floating smelting process and can process high impurity concentrate, low-grade concentrate can be processed again.
The high temperature gas flow of middle and lower part in reaction tower and/or periphery is back to reaction tower central zone by Central backflow area 8 and/or external reflux district 9 accordingly, the heat of middle and lower part in reaction tower and/or periphery is forcibly concentrated to reaction tower central zone, make full use of heat more than needed existing in reaction tower and heat the material 101 sprayed in reaction tower, after making it reach temperature of reaction, there is metallurgical reaction, release a large amount of chemical heat simultaneously, namely the heat in first absorbing environmental, again to release of heat in environment, according to character and the smelting process parameter of material 101, heat budget balance can be realized completely, after metallurgical reaction is caused need not again combustion fuel to additional heat near nozzle exit, reduce energy consumption and production cost, protect environment, achieve autothermal to smelt.
According to above-mentioned, in the present invention, rotary first oxygen-rich air 201 and rotary second oxygen-rich air 301 have two basic roles: an effect is: for material 101 provides the oxygen needed for metallurgical reaction, provide that higher oxygen is snobbish to carry out in metallurgical reaction; An other effect is: for the motion of pulverulent material 101 in reaction tower space provides power, drives pulverulent material 101 to rotate.Apparently, rotary first oxygen-rich air 201 and rotary second oxygen-rich air 301 are self-contradictory for giving full play to two above-mentioned effects itself: for material 101 provides oxygen, then the oxygen-rich concentration of rotary first oxygen-rich air 201 and rotary second oxygen-rich air 301 is more high better, or even industrial pure oxygen; For material 101 motion provides aerodynamic force, then oxygen-rich concentration is more low better, because oxygen participates in metallurgical reaction in oxygen-rich air, namely be consumed after metallurgical reaction completes, air quantity and the energy of rotary first oxygen-rich air 201 and rotary second oxygen-rich air 301 all can be consumed a part, reduce the aerodynamic force driving material 101 to move.For this reason, in one embodiment of the invention, the volume percent controlling oxygen in rotary first oxygen-rich air 201 is 50% ~ 65%, preferably, is 52% ~ 63%, preferred, is 55% ~ 60%.Further, in rotary second oxygen-rich air 301, the volume percent of oxygen is 50% ~ 65%, preferably, is 52% ~ 63%, preferred, is 55% ~ 60%.
Revolve in floating smelting process, material 101 and the metallurgical reaction of oxygen mainly concentrate on center in reaction tower and in one section of cylindrical space on vertical direction, the reaction zone of so-called reaction tower.In the present invention, when rotary first oxygen-rich air 201 that the volume percent of oxygen is 50% ~ 65% moves across reaction zone from top to bottom with the mixed airflow of rotary second oxygen-rich air 301, there is metallurgical reaction in the oxygen in mixed airflow and material 101, namely the mixed airflow of 50% ~ 65% (volume percent) is consumed, the mixed airflow of residue 35% ~ 50% (volume percent) drives material 101 to continue motion, and remaining air quantity can be satisfied the demand; In mixed airflow, the energy of 50% ~ 65% is consumed, and the energy band animal material 101 of residue 35% ~ 50% continues motion, and remaining energy can be satisfied the demand.Sufficient air quantity and energy, make material 101 the second half move and can not depart from former movement locus, continues to rotate, and is beneficial to fully contacting of material 101 and oxygen-rich air, is beneficial to metallurgical reaction and carries out and react completely.
Metallurgical reaction is the reaction of an Alternative state modulator, and multiple processing parameter cooperatively interacts, and mutually promotes, with final optimization pass metallurgical reaction, when adjustment occurs certain parameter wherein, such as, reduce, can be made up by the parameter adjusting other, keep original state to make metallurgical reaction.In the present invention, the classification metallurgical reaction that the existence in Central backflow area 8 and/or external reflux district 9 and rotary first oxygen-rich air 201 and rotary second oxygen-rich air 301 are formed improves heat-up rate and the speed of response of material 101, stronger swirl strength improves the mixing uniformity of material 101 and oxygen-rich air and material 101 time at reaction tower inner suspension, some all enhances metallurgical reaction above, can make up rotary first oxygen-rich air 201 and suitably reduce with oxygen level in rotary second oxygen-rich air 301 negative influence brought to metallurgical reaction.
On the other hand, it is all oxygen-rich smeltings that current suspension flash is smelted, and in oxygen-rich air, the volume percent of oxygen is generally 70% ~ 85%, is high oxygen-rich smelting.In order to improve the ability of smelting low-grade and/or high impurity concentrate, the common practice of smelting enterprise is the oxygen-rich concentration improved further in oxygen-rich air.Smelting enterprise usually arranges special oxygen-making plant and produces high oxygen-rich air, product has two kinds usually, a kind of is using the oxygen level of the oxygen level of oxygen-rich air as target product, such as: oxygen level (volume percent) is the oxygen-rich air of 70% ~ 85%, the oxygen-rich air of output directly sends into reaction tower, dilutes without air air distribution; One is manufacture pure oxygen, and its oxygen level (volume percent) is generally 90% ~ 95%, then allocates a certain amount of air into, reduces oxygen level, makes oxygen-rich air.High oxygen-rich smelting causes oxygen cost to remain high, and occupies the larger proportion of total cost of production, improves the production cost of smelting enterprise.And in the present invention, controlling rotary first oxygen-rich air 201 is 50% ~ 65% with the volume percent of oxygen in rotary second oxygen-rich air 301, make oxygen-making plant without the need to the high oxygen-rich air of regenerative ratio 70% ~ 85% (volume percent) or industrial pure oxygen, the volume percent of direct production oxygen is the oxygen-rich air of 50% ~ 65%, thus significantly reduce energy consumption and the production cost of oxygen-making plant, significantly reduce energy consumption and the production cost of smelting enterprise.The present invention is while solving above-mentioned technical problem to be solved, achieve unforeseeable technique effect---achieve low oxygen-rich smelting, significantly reduce energy consumption and the production cost of smelting enterprise, also overcome in non-ferrous metal metallurgy technical field technology prejudice---oxygen-rich concentration is higher, metallurgical reaction is better.
To sum up, provided by the inventionly revolve floating smelting process while achieving the smelting to high impurity concentrate, also achieve multiple unforeseeable technique effect: achieve the smelting to low-grade concentrate, achieve autothermal and smelt, achieve low oxygen-rich smelting.
In one embodiment of the invention, the cavity passage that the 3rd oxygen-rich air 401 surrounds through material 101 is sprayed into reaction tower.3rd oxygen-rich air 401 can provide more reasonably pressure gradient distribution occasion for the generation of high temperature center recirculating zone 8, be conducive to the formation of Central backflow area 8, keep good shape, size and position, and stable existence, increase the circumference of wind powder air-flow and high temperature reflux smoke contacts and heat exchange, strengthen steady fuel efficiency fruit; Oxygen needed for oxidizing reaction can be provided for the inner side material 101 in gas material mixed stream.3rd oxygen-rich air 401 accounts for that joining of oxygen-rich air total amount needed for metallurgical reaction is smaller, and its air pressure is also less, and the setting of the 3rd oxygen-rich air 401 is consider from aerodynamics angle more.Preferably, the 3rd oxygen-rich air 401 is single flow.3rd oxygen-rich air 401 regulates the size of Central backflow area 8, shape and position by air quantity, blast and wind speed.
Provided by the inventionly revolve floating smelting process and comprise: the first oxygen-rich air, the second oxygen-rich air and the 3rd oxygen-rich air 401, according to practical condition, the oxygen-rich concentration of three strands of gases can be similar and different, to meet production requirement better.The flow of three strands of wind is by controls such as blower fan, caliber, valve, under meters.Need before normal use to carry out cold conditions measurement, adjustment to each air supply channel air outlet velocity.Needed for total gas volume demand fulfillment metallurgical reaction.Proportioning between three strands of gases, meets copper metallurgy, Combustion and aerodynamic principle, is beneficial to metallurgical reaction and carries out and react completely.
At present, material 101 needed for metallurgical reaction directly falls in reaction tower in solid powder, material 101 is solid-state, rotary first oxygen-rich air 201 and the mixed mixed airflow of rotary second oxygen-rich air 301 are gaseous state, the states of matter of the two is different, attribute is different, mix to exist and solid-stately mix born had difficulty with gaseous state, reduce the homogeneity that in reaction tower, material 101 mixes with mixed airflow, extend mixing time, be unfavorable for that metallurgical reaction carries out and reacts completely, be unfavorable for realizing floating smelting to high impurity and/or revolving of low-grade concentrate.For this reason, in one embodiment of the invention, by material 101 and material air 103 smelt mix in nozzle after spray into reaction tower, material air 103 is single flow material air or rotating material wind, and rotating material wind is produced by three cuff technique 102.
Solid substances 101 and Gaseous materials wind are pre-mixed, and select to mix revolving floating smelting in nozzle, form a kind of gas material mixed stream, gas material mixed stream is the same with above-mentioned mixed airflow is gaseous fluid, it is same states of matter, after spraying into reaction tower, it is solid-state mixing with gaseous state compared to mixing of solid-state pulverulent material 101 and oxygen-rich air, mixing of gas material mixed stream and mixed airflow is gaseous state and the mixing of gaseous state, the two thing phase state is identical, more easily, more fast, more uniformly can mix, improve speed and the homogeneity of gas material mixing.Further, material air 103 is revolving, with certain swirl strength, can merge better with rotary first oxygen-rich air 201 and rotary second oxygen-rich air 301 that are both rotary wind, air resistance is less, meet gas dynamics, improve speed and the homogeneity of the mixing of gas material.Multiple favorable factor be combined with each other, and mutually promotes, and significantly promotes metallurgical reaction and carries out and react completely, improve the throughput of Flash Smelting Furnace, achieves the Flash Smelting to high impurity concentrate preferably.
The three cuff technique 102 producing rotating material wind is scroll casing type swirler, tangential vane formula swirler or bladed axial swirler, even the most original, the simplest tangential admission pipe of structure.
In the present invention, preferably, rotating material wind, rotary first oxygen-rich air 201 are identical with the sense of rotation of rotary second oxygen-rich air 301.
In the present invention, material air 103 can be oxygen-rich air, and oxygen level (volume percent) is 25% ~ 95%, also can be air.In view of the effect that material air 103 is main is the mixture of airstream and strength, in the present invention, preferably, material air 103 is air.The air quantity of material air 103, should consider the mixture of airstream and strength, Flash Smelting Furnace enters stove total blast volume, multiple factor such as the cooling process ability of waste heat boiler, ability of high-temperature blower.Selecting to mix revolving floating smelting in nozzle, compared to air conveying material 101, significantly can reduce the air quantity forming material air 103 needed for above-mentioned gas material mixed stream, and without the need to building valuable air-transport system, facility investment is less.
As shown in Figure 1, present invention also offers a kind of realization above-mentionedly to revolve revolving of floating smelting process and floating smelt nozzle, comprise for the feed device of solid-state pulverulent material 101 needed for reaction tower supply metallurgical reaction, for the first air feeder to rotary first oxygen-rich air 201 of reaction tower supply and for the second air feeder to rotary second oxygen-rich air 301 of reaction tower supply;
Feed device comprises feeder sleeve 1, first air feeder comprises the first air-supply duct 2 and comprises the second air-supply duct 3 and the second swirler 302 for generation of rotary second oxygen-rich air 301 for generation of the first swirler 202, second air feeder of rotary first oxygen-rich air 201;
First air-supply duct 2 is set in the outside of feeder sleeve 1, second air-supply duct 3 is set in the outside of the first air-supply duct 2, cavity in feeder sleeve 1 forms material channel, cavity between first air-supply duct 2 and feeder sleeve 1 forms the first oxygen-rich air passage, and the cavity between the second air-supply duct 3 and the first air-supply duct 2 forms the second oxygen-rich air passage;
First swirler 202 is arranged in the first oxygen-rich air passage, and the second swirler 302 is arranged in the second oxygen-rich air passage;
First swirler 202 is for generation of the scroll casing type swirler in Central backflow area 8 and/or external reflux district 9, tangential vane formula swirler or bladed axial swirler, and the second swirler 302 is for generation of the scroll casing type swirler in Central backflow area 8 and/or external reflux district 9, tangential vane formula swirler or bladed axial swirler.
Feeder sleeve 1 is for supplying material 101 to reaction tower, and it comprises all necessary structure met for reaction tower supply material 101, comprise opening for feed, and other must structure.First air-supply duct 2 is for supplying rotary first oxygen-rich air 201 to reaction tower, and it comprises all necessary structure met for rotary first oxygen-rich air 201 of reaction tower supply, comprise the inlet mouth of the first oxygen-rich air, and other must structure.Second air-supply duct 3 is for supplying rotary second oxygen-rich air 301 to reaction tower, and it comprises all necessary structure met for rotary second oxygen-rich air 301 of reaction tower supply, comprise the inlet mouth of the second oxygen-rich air, and other must structure.Material channel is column, and the horizontal section of the first oxygen-rich air passage and the second oxygen-rich air passage is ring-type; The upper end of three passages is not connected, mutually closes isolation.Preferably, feeder sleeve 1, first air-supply duct 2 and the second air-supply duct 3 are pipe.The inlet mouth of the first air-supply duct 2 and the second air-supply duct 3 is connected with oxygen-rich air source of the gas, and feeder sleeve 1 is connected with the feed bin storing material 101, and middle also have feeding machine usually, is preferably screw feeder.Flange joint is passed through between feeder sleeve 1, first air-supply duct 2 and the second air-supply duct 3 three.
First swirler 202 and the second swirler 302 can be scroll casing type swirler, tangential vane formula swirler or bladed axial swirler, but can not be the most original tangential admission pipe, because its air resistance is large, the swirl strength of the swirling eddy produced is more weak, size and the direction of axial velocity, tangential velocity and radial velocity are unreasonable, cannot form the Central backflow area 8 and/or external reflux district 9 with practical significance.Scroll casing type swirler and tangential vane formula swirler are arranged on the inlet mouth place of the first air-supply duct 2 or the second air-supply duct 3 usually; Bladed axial swirler is arranged on the inside of the first air-supply duct 2 or the second air-supply duct 3 usually, inclined middle and lower part.Above-mentioned first swirler 202 is arranged in the first oxygen-rich air passage, the first oxygen-rich air passage herein should do the understanding of broad sense, it is the path of the first oxygen-rich air circulation, the path that spraying to the final bottom from nozzle from the pipeline of conveying first oxygen-rich air and the junction of smelting nozzle, the first oxygen-rich air flows through is the first oxygen-rich air passage, comprise the inlet mouth place of the first above-mentioned air-supply duct, also comprise the inside of the first air-supply duct.The second above-mentioned swirler 302 is arranged in the second oxygen-rich air passage also should make the broad understanding identical with above-mentioned situation.
The molded line approximate log helical of scroll casing type swirler, air-flow enters spiral case with the tangential bias of certain speed, is flowed out, form rotary oxygen-rich air in space with zigzag shape by cylindrical or circular channel.Tangential vane formula swirler utilizes the tangential vane being located at inlet mouth place to make air-flow tangentially enter cylindrical air channel in direction, thus generation rotary motion, the aperture of some tangential vanes can regulate, the aperture of adjusting vane, the i.e. pitch angle of adjusting vane, can change the swirl strength of swirling eddy.Bladed axial swirler comprises axial blade, and the pattern of axial blade is various, and conventional has helical twisted blades, camber blades and straight blade three kinds.Bladed axial swirler can be fixed swirler, completes once Design and Machining, is just fixed on the outer wall of corresponding feeder sleeve 1 and the first air-supply duct 2, in use, and not changing position; Also can be move up and down adjustable swirler, be preferably adjustable impeller, the outer wall along corresponding feeder sleeve 1 and the first air-supply duct 2 slides up and down with the swirl strength of regulating rotating type oxygen-rich air.Bladed axial swirler is usually fixed on a leaf dish by several axial blade and forms, then to realize bladed axial swirler to fix on the outer wall being set in corresponding feeder sleeve 1 and the first air-supply duct 2 by leaf dish, being connected between leaf dish and corresponding tube wall can be fixedly connected with, and also can be slidably connected.
In one embodiment of the invention, also comprise for the 3rd air feeder to reaction tower supply the 3rd oxygen-rich air 401, the 3rd air feeder comprises the inside that the 3rd air-supply duct the 4, three air-supply duct 4 is set in feeder sleeve 1; Circular channel between feeder sleeve 1 and the 3rd air-supply duct 4 is material channel, and the cavity in the 3rd air-supply duct 4 forms the 3rd oxygen-rich air passage.It is smaller that 3rd oxygen-rich air 401 accounts for joining of oxygen-rich air total amount needed for metallurgical reaction, its air pressure is also less, sometimes or even obstructed 3rd oxygen-rich air 401, the setting of the 3rd air-supply duct 4 is consider from aerodynamics angle more, instead of simple provides oxygen needed for oxidizing reaction for the inner side material 101 in gas material mixed stream.Preferably, the 3rd air-supply duct 4 is pipe.
In one embodiment of the invention, feeder sleeve 1 comprises material air entrance, and material air entrance to be arranged on feeder sleeve 1 and to be positioned at the top of the opening for feed of feeder sleeve 1.
Material air 103 enters feeder sleeve 1 from above-mentioned material air entrance, move downward, mix with the material 101 entered from opening for feed, form gas material mixed stream, be equivalent to, before entering reaction tower, material 101 and material air 103 are carried out pre-mixing, form gaseous state, gaseous state is all with mixed airflow, the two thing phase state is identical, can more easily, more fast, more uniformly mix, and improves speed and the homogeneity of the mixing of gas material.
Further, feed device three cuff technique 102, the three cuff technique 102 also comprised for generation of rotating material wind to be arranged in material channel and to be positioned at the top of opening for feed.Material channel herein also should do the understanding of the broad sense identical with the first oxygen-rich air passage.
The three cuff technique 102 producing rotating material wind is scroll casing type swirler, tangential vane formula swirler or bladed axial swirler, even the most original, the simplest tangential admission pipe of structure.When three cuff technique 102 is bladed axial swirler, to be arranged in feeder sleeve 1 and between above-mentioned opening for feed and material air entrance; When three cuff technique 102 is scroll casing type swirler, tangential vane formula swirler or tangential admission pipe, be directly installed on above-mentioned material air entrance.
In one embodiment of the invention, the first air feeder also comprises the tangent tangential admission pipe of several and the first air-supply duct 2 outer wall circumferential surface, and the airintake direction of several tangential admission pipes on the first air-supply duct 2 is same sense of rotation; Second air feeder also comprises the tangent tangential admission pipe of several and the second air-supply duct 3 outer wall circumferential surface, and the airintake direction of several tangential admission pipes on the second air-supply duct 3 is same sense of rotation.
Preferably, the sense of rotation controlling the tangential admission pipe on the first air-supply duct 2 is identical with the sense of rotation of the first swirler 202.The sense of rotation controlling the tangential admission pipe on the second air-supply duct 3 is identical with the sense of rotation of the second swirler 302.Adopt the air inlet of tangential admission pipe, first oxygen-rich air is successively through tangential admission pipe and the first swirler 202 two-stage whirlwind generator, the swirl strength superposition produced, further increase finally from the swirl strength of rotary first oxygen-rich air 201 of nozzle ejection, be beneficial to metallurgical reaction carry out and react completely, be beneficial to and realize floating smelting to high impurity and/or revolving of low-grade concentrate.Rotary second oxygen-rich air 301 is identical with above-mentioned situation.
In addition, the outer wall circumferential surface of tangential admission pipe and the first air-supply duct 2 or the second air-supply duct 3 is tangent to be connected, make to enter nozzle along level and smooth track by the first next oxygen-rich air of Cemented filling or the second oxygen-rich air, air resistance is little, gas energy loss is little, improves the distributing homogeneity of gas in circular first oxygen-rich air passage or in the second oxygen-rich air passage.Preferably, the circumference of several tangential admission pipes at the top of the first air-supply duct 2 and the second air-supply duct 3 along outer wall is evenly arranged.
In one embodiment of the invention, the first air-supply duct 2 also comprises external diameter and is greater than the external diameter of the first air-supply duct 2 remainder and is arranged at the wide diameter part 5 at the first air-supply duct 2 inlet mouth place; Second air-supply duct 3 also comprises external diameter and is greater than the external diameter of the second air-supply duct 3 remainder and is arranged at the wide diameter part 5 at the second air-supply duct 3 inlet mouth place.First wide diameter part 5 enters a larger space after making the first oxygen-rich air from Cemented filling and the second oxygen-rich air enter nozzle, cushioned and voltage stabilizing, be conducive to reducing gas flow resistance, reduce gas energy loss, first oxygen-rich air and the second oxygen-rich air character everywhere on circular cross section is more reached unanimity, and then is finally beneficial to the Central backflow area 8 and/or external reflux district 9 that produce good properties.Further, on the first air-supply duct 2, the external diameter of wide diameter part 5 is identical with the external diameter of wide diameter part 5 on the second air-supply duct 3, to facilitate Design and Machining.
Further, the bottom that the wide diameter part 5 that the first air-supply duct 2 top external diameter is larger is less with external diameter is connected by taper portion 6, to realize the smooth flow of the first oxygen-rich air, reduces the energy waste of the first oxygen-rich air.In like manner, the bottom that the wide diameter part 5 that the second air-supply duct 3 top external diameter is larger is less with external diameter is connected by taper portion 6, to realize the smooth flow of the second oxygen-rich air, reduces the energy waste of the second oxygen-rich air.
Further, when material air 103 is rotating material wind and three cuff technique 102 is bladed axial swirler, material air entrance is the tangent tangential admission pipe of several and feeder sleeve 1 outer wall circumferential surface, and the sense of rotation controlling the tangential admission pipe on feeder sleeve 1 is identical with the sense of rotation of three cuff technique 102.
In actual production, before Flash Smelting Furnace blow-on, Flash Smelting Furnace is preheated to 900 DEG C ~ 1100 DEG C by a large amount of fuel that burn, hot blow-on by name; During daily blowing out spot check, sustained combustion a large amount of fuel that the temperature in Flash Smelting Furnace is maintained 900 DEG C ~ 1100 DEG C all the time, hot blowing out spot check by name, waste mass energy.For this reason, in one embodiment of the invention, provided by the inventionly revolve floating nozzle of smelting and also comprise being arranged at and revolve the floating lighter for ignition smelted in nozzle, cause metallurgical reaction for generation of heat, the down-firing end of lighter for ignition is positioned to revolve on the floating longitudinal center line smelting nozzle and makes the down-firing end of lighter for ignition be positioned at the inside of the material 101 of firm delivery nozzle, wrap up by streams, the heat of generation can fully and intensively carry out rapid heating, igniting to the material 101 of firm delivery nozzle.
Lighter for ignition is anyly produce heat, and heat delivery is entered the device of reaction tower.
Lighter for ignition can vertically be arranged, also can be in tilted layout through multiple tube-like piece.
Preferably, above-mentioned lighter for ignition is arranged vertically and is arranged at and revolves the floating inside smelting the tube-like piece of the inner side of nozzle.
This lighter for ignition is lighted a fire at the beginning of metallurgical reaction, produce amount of heat in short period of time metallurgical reaction is caused, produce a large amount of high-temperature gas, after metallurgical reaction is stable, just no longer light a fire, by above-mentioned Central backflow area 8 and/external reflux district 9 entrainment high-temperature gas that metallurgical reaction produces maintain metallurgical reaction continue carry out, thus can reduce and adopt other to burn gun burner fuel to carry out heat temperature raising or insulation to Flash Smelting Furnace, or even avoid other to burn gun burner fuel completely, realize cold conditions blow-on; Adopt other to burn gun burner fuel whole Flash Smelting Furnace is heated or is incubated at 900 DEG C ~ 1100 DEG C, amount of heat is dispersed in the space in huge Flash Smelting Furnace, do not concentrate, majority belongs to idle work, and after adopting lighter for ignition, the heat of generation fully and intensively heat the material 101 of firm delivery nozzle, does not have unnecessary waste, there is higher heat utilization ratio, save mass energy.
In one embodiment of the invention, the outlet at bottom of feeder sleeve 1 is straight pipe type outlet, the outlet at bottom of the first air-supply duct 2 is the flaring mouth 7 expanded outwardly gradually from top to bottom, the outlet at bottom of the second air-supply duct 3 is the outlet at bottom of flaring mouth the 7, three air-supply duct 4 expanded outwardly gradually is from top to bottom straight pipe type outlet.The outlet at bottom of feeder sleeve 1 is positioned at the below of the 3rd air-supply duct 4 outlet at bottom, and the outlet at bottom of the first air-supply duct 2 is positioned at the below of feeder sleeve 1 outlet at bottom, and the outlet at bottom of the second air-supply duct 3 is positioned at the below of the first air-supply duct 2 outlet at bottom.
Straight pipe type outlet herein and flaring mouth 7, and the position relationship between the outlet at bottom of adjacent channel is the exporting features of each corresponding pipeline, and then the exporting features of multiple pipeline cooperatively interacts, and constitutes the above-mentioned exporting features revolving floating smelting nozzle.
Flaring mouth 7 appropriateness can increase the extended corner of swirling eddy, is conducive to improving airflow shaped, range and washing away furnace wall situation; The swirl strength of further raising swirling eddy; Improve Central backflow area 8 and/or external reflux district 9, make metallurgical reaction more stable; Increase air-flow mixing, be conducive to heat transfer, mass transfer.
The outlet at bottom of outside pipeline is positioned at the below of adjacent inboard duct bottom outlet, be positioned at inner side pipeline by be positioned at outside adjacent channel wrap up, the fluid carried of the fluid that inside pipeline can be made to carry and outside pipeline floatingly smelts pre-mixing in nozzle revolving, and improves the mixing uniformity between a plurality of fluids; The fluid that outside pipeline is carried can control character such as the shape of the fluid that inside pipeline is carried, position and sizes, and the fluid avoiding inside pipeline to carry spreads too early.
Straight pipe type outlet or flaring mouth 7, according to the fluid properties that every fluid streams has, adopt the outlet shapes adapted with fluid properties, different fluid properties, adopts different outlet shapes, to play effect and the advantage of every fluid streams better, and then in the optimization effect of every fluid streams and the basis of advantage, by control adjacent channel outlet at bottom between position relationship, the outlet at bottom of outside pipeline is made to be positioned at the below of adjacent inboard duct bottom outlet, the outlet at bottom of pipeline is on the lower side one by one from inside to outside, be positioned at inner side pipeline by be positioned at outside adjacent channel wrap up, form a pyramid-like structure from top to bottom, the exporting features of each pipeline is combined, form and revolve the floating exporting features smelting nozzle, the mixed stream obtained after a plurality of fluids is mixed has better shape, the fluid properties such as position and size, its effect and advantage can be played better.The exporting features of above-mentioned multiple pipelines cooperatively interacts, form an entirety, indispensable, and the change of any one pipe outlet feature all can affect the fluid properties of mixed stream, and then affect the performance of its effect and advantage, affect the carrying out of metallurgical reaction and react completely.
In the present invention, feed device also comprises and is arranged on profile of tooth inside material channel outlet at bottom place or ring gear shape stabilizer.Profile of tooth or ring gear shape stabilizer can improve the distributing homogeneity of material 101 on annular cross section, thick material 101 particle is stopped by ring and tooth, be folded to Central backflow area 8, fine material 101 particle can be walked around annulus and pass through in the space between two teeth, and the skin flowed at thick material 101 sprays in stove; Little eddy current can be formed at the lee side of tooth, favourable to catching fire of material 101.
In the present invention, 3rd air feeder also comprises the plate hole formula stabilizer being arranged on the 3rd oxygen-rich air channel bottom exit, plate hole formula stabilizer is lamellar, be covered with whole 3rd oxygen-rich air passage, have above and meet several through holes aerodynamic, single flow the 3rd oxygen-rich air sprays into reaction tower by these through holes.Plate hole formula stabilizer can cooling jet exit pipe fitting, avoids backflow or tempering, makes metallurgical reaction more stable; Other oxygen-rich air can be coordinated to improve high temperature gas flow shape by adjust flux and air outlet velocity.
The one that the invention provides is revolved and floating is smelted nozzle, and in order to realize above-mentioned revolving floating smelting process, therefore this revolves floating nozzle of smelting and has the above-mentioned whole Advantageous Effects revolving floating smelting process.
The present invention is directed to the technical problem wanting to solve, provide multiple laddering technical scheme, multiple laddering technical scheme combines superposition mutually, cooperatively interact, mutually promote, form an overall plan, especially from aerodynamics angle, the gas material mixed stream of special properties is complemented each other to form to solve above-mentioned technical problem by multiple oxygen-rich air and multiple air feeder, the technique effect obtained is much better than the technique effect of any one technical scheme above-mentioned, and synergistic effect is remarkable.
The method and apparatus of the not detailed description of the present invention is prior art, repeats no more.
In this specification sheets, each embodiment adopts the mode of going forward one by one to describe, and what each embodiment stressed is the difference with other embodiment, between each embodiment same or similar part mutually see.
The explanation of above embodiment just understands method of the present invention and core concept thereof for helping.It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, can also carry out some improvement and modification to the present invention, these improve and modify and also fall in the protection domain of the claims in the present invention.
To the above-mentioned explanation of the disclosed embodiments, professional and technical personnel in the field are realized or uses the present invention.Multiple amendment for these embodiments is that apparent, defined herein General Principle can without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention, realize in other embodiments for those skilled in the art.Therefore, the present invention can not be restricted to these embodiments shown in this article, but will meet the most wide region consistent with principle disclosed herein and features of novelty.

Claims (10)

1. revolve a floating smelting process, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
1) rotary first oxygen-rich air produced by the first swirler is sprayed into described reaction tower from reaction tower tower top, the horizontal section of the circulation path of described rotary first oxygen-rich air is ring-type, described first swirler is the scroll casing type swirler for generation of Central backflow area and/or external reflux district, tangential vane formula swirler or bladed axial swirler, after spraying into described reaction tower, the Central backflow area that can entrainment gas backstreaming being positioned at its inside and/or the external reflux district can entrainmenting gas backstreaming be positioned at outside it is formed in described rotary first oxygen-rich air,
By rotary second oxygen-rich air that produced by the second swirler from the outside of described rotary first oxygen-rich air to spray into described reaction tower around the form of described rotary first oxygen-rich air, described second swirler is for generation of the scroll casing type swirler in Central backflow area and/or external reflux district, tangential vane formula swirler or bladed axial swirler, after spraying into described reaction tower, in described rotary second oxygen-rich air, form the Central backflow area that can entrainment gas backstreaming being positioned at its inside and/or the external reflux district can entrainmenting gas backstreaming be positioned at outside it;
Described rotary first oxygen-rich air and described rotary second oxygen-rich air are mixed to form mixed airflow in described reaction tower, and the Central backflow area in described rotary first oxygen-rich air and/or external reflux district and the Central backflow area in corresponding described rotary second oxygen-rich air and/or external reflux district superpose mutually becomes a corresponding Central backflow area and/or external reflux district;
2) by the solid-state pulverulent material needed for metallurgical reaction by described step 1) in the cavity passage that surrounds of rotary first oxygen-rich air send in described reaction tower;
3) described step 1) in mixed airflow and described step 2) in mixing of materials form gas material mixed stream, simultaneously to absorb the heat of hot gas in the Central backflow area after superposition and/or external reflux district temperature required to metallurgical reaction for described gas material mixed stream, then the oxygen generation metallurgical reaction in described material and rotary first oxygen-rich air and rotary second oxygen-rich air, generates metal sulfonium and the mixture of slag or the mixture of metal and slag and falls into settling tank.
2. according to claim 1ly revolve floating smelting process, it is characterized in that, the described rotary volume percent stating oxygen in the first oxygen-rich air is 50% ~ 65%.
3. according to claim 1 and 2ly revolve floating smelting process, it is characterized in that, in described rotary second oxygen-rich air, the volume percent of oxygen is 50% ~ 65%.
4. according to claim 1ly revolve floating smelting process, it is characterized in that, the 3rd oxygen-rich air is sprayed into described reaction tower through the cavity passage that described material surrounds.
5. one kind realizes revolving described in claim 1 revolving of floating smelting process and floatingly smelts nozzle, it is characterized in that, comprise for the feed device of solid-state pulverulent material needed for reaction tower supply metallurgical reaction, for the first air feeder to rotary first oxygen-rich air of described reaction tower supply and for the second air feeder to rotary second oxygen-rich air of described reaction tower supply;
Described feed device comprises feeder sleeve, described first air feeder comprises the first air-supply duct and the first swirler for generation of described rotary first oxygen-rich air, and described second air feeder comprises the second air-supply duct and the second swirler for generation of described rotary second oxygen-rich air;
Described first air-supply duct is set in the outside of described feeder sleeve, described second air-supply duct is set in the outside of described first air-supply duct, cavity in described feeder sleeve forms material channel, cavity between described first air-supply duct and described feeder sleeve forms the first oxygen-rich air passage, and the cavity between described second air-supply duct and described first air-supply duct forms the second oxygen-rich air passage;
Described first swirler is arranged in described first oxygen-rich air passage, and described second swirler is arranged in described second oxygen-rich air passage;
Described first swirler is for generation of the scroll casing type swirler in Central backflow area and/or external reflux district, tangential vane formula swirler or bladed axial swirler, and described second swirler is for generation of the scroll casing type swirler in Central backflow area and/or external reflux district, tangential vane formula swirler or bladed axial swirler.
6. according to claim 5 revolving floats smelting nozzle, it is characterized in that, also comprise for the 3rd air feeder to described reaction tower supply the 3rd oxygen-rich air, described 3rd air feeder comprises the 3rd air-supply duct, and described 3rd air-supply duct is set in the inside of described feeder sleeve; Circular channel between described feeder sleeve and described 3rd air-supply duct is material channel, and the cavity in described 3rd air-supply duct forms the 3rd oxygen-rich air passage.
7. revolving according to claim 5 or 6 is floated and is smelted nozzle, it is characterized in that, described first air feeder also comprises the tangent tangential admission pipe of several and described first air-supply duct outer wall circumferential surface, and described in several on described first air-supply duct, the airintake direction of tangential admission pipe is same sense of rotation; Described second air feeder also comprises the tangent tangential admission pipe of several and described second air-supply duct outer wall circumferential surface, and described in several on described second air-supply duct, the airintake direction of tangential admission pipe is same sense of rotation.
8. revolving according to claim 5 or 6 floating smelts nozzle, it is characterized in that, described first air-supply duct also comprises external diameter and is greater than the external diameter of described first air-supply duct remainder and is arranged at the wide diameter part at described first air-supply duct inlet mouth place; Described second air-supply duct also comprises external diameter and is greater than the external diameter of described second air-supply duct remainder and is arranged at the wide diameter part at described second air-supply duct inlet mouth place.
9. revolving according to claim 5 or 6 is floated and is smelted nozzle, it is characterized in that, also comprise and described in being arranged at, to revolve the floating lighter for ignition smelted in nozzle, cause metallurgical reaction for generation of heat, revolve on the floating longitudinal center line smelting nozzle described in the down-firing end of described lighter for ignition is positioned at.
10. according to claim 6 revolving floats smelting nozzle, it is characterized in that, the outlet at bottom of described feeder sleeve is straight pipe type outlet, the outlet at bottom of described first air-supply duct is the flaring mouth expanded outwardly gradually from top to bottom, the outlet at bottom of described second air-supply duct is the flaring mouth expanded outwardly gradually from top to bottom, and the outlet at bottom of described 3rd air-supply duct is straight pipe type outlet; The outlet at bottom of described feeder sleeve is positioned at the below of described 3rd air-supply duct outlet at bottom, the outlet at bottom of described first air-supply duct is positioned at the below of described feeder sleeve outlet at bottom, and the outlet at bottom of described second air-supply duct is positioned at the below of described first air-supply duct outlet at bottom.
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