CN104257779A - 一种抗痛风的药物组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种抗痛风的药物组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104257779A CN104257779A CN201410384445.4A CN201410384445A CN104257779A CN 104257779 A CN104257779 A CN 104257779A CN 201410384445 A CN201410384445 A CN 201410384445A CN 104257779 A CN104257779 A CN 104257779A
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- gout
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Abstract
本发明提供一种抗痛风的药物组合物及其制备方法,所述药物组合物中含有威灵仙、羌活、独活、徐长卿、苍术、牛膝和黄芪。本发明提供的抗痛风的药物组合物,疗效确切,成本低,药物禁忌少,不良反应低,为患者提供一种治疗痛风药品的选择。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药物组合物及其制备方法,具体地说,涉及一种抗痛风的药物组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
痛风与中医学“历节”、“脚气”、“痛风”、“痰火毒”相类似,因其走注关节,痛势甚剧,故又名“白虎历节”。一般认为自身血分有热,脏腑蕴毒,后天过食膏粱厚味致湿热内蕴,加之外邪阻滞经络,气血凝滞,以致经脉不通而发病。痛风属中医“痹证”范畴,其病因病机为先天禀赋不足,正气虚弱,卫外不固,易受风寒湿热之邪侵袭,留注关节肌肉,致经络痹阻而成;饮食不节,恣食肥甘厚味,嗜饮酒浆,损伤脾胃,致中焦运化失职聚湿生痰、痰湿内阻日久生热,温热痹阻经络关节而成;日久不愈,酿成癖血痰浊,阻痹经络关节,可在皮肤、关节周围形成结节,导致关节肿痛、屈伸不利。活宜滋肾健脾、清热除湿、祛瘀通络止痹痛。
现代医学认为,人体在正常生理情况下,嘌呤合成与分解处于相对平衡状态,尿酸的生成与排泄也较恒定。当嘌呤的代谢异常,体内核酸大量分解(白血病、恶性肿瘤等)或食入高嘌呤食物时,血尿酸水平升高,形成暂无症状、无痛风石的高尿酸血症,大约有5~12%的高尿酸血症者最终发展为痛风,因其尿酸钠盐过饱和而形成结晶体,沉积于关节、软组织、软骨及肾等体温较低的部位,而致关节炎、尿路结石及肾疾病,称为痛风。
痛风的高危因素有:①酗酒、高嘌呤饮食;②遗传;③共患高血压、高血脂、动脉硬化、冠心病、糖尿病、肥胖症;④服用噻嗪类利尿剂、胰岛素、青霉素、环孢素、阿司匹林等药;⑤创伤与手术。痛风的临床表现:过多的尿酸钠从超饱和细胞外液中沉积于组织或器官(中枢神经系统除外),主要在关节、滑膜、肌键、肾及结缔组织等处沉积,形成痛风结石。结石中的尿酸钠结晶可引起粒细胞浸润,导致关节炎症和疼痛。主要分为急性关节炎期、慢性关节炎期和肾结石等。
目前抗痛风现代药物多依靠秋水仙碱、别嘌醇、消炎药等抑制尿酸合成,缓解症状,不足之处在于:1、短期有疗效,但长期疗效不理想,费用较高,毒副作用大,不能持续治疗。2、秋水仙碱长期应用可引起骨髓抑制,对肝、肾、心功能损害,有胃肠道副反应,静脉注射易引起局部静脉炎。3、别嘌醇具有过敏性、损害肝肾功能,抑制骨髓,服药后可出现眩晕,用药期间饮食(蛋白质)限制。4、丙磺舒与磺胺药有交叉过敏反应,肾功能不全、消化性溃疡者、肾结石者慎用,不宜联合服用阿司匹林和水杨酸盐。5、苯溴马隆对痛风急性发作者不宜服用,服用者需有正常的肾功能,不宜联合服用阿司匹林和水杨酸盐。6、对高尿酸血症和痛风者有用药禁忌。7、在痛凤急性期禁用别嘌醇。8、痛凤急性期镇痛不能选服阿司匹林。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种抗痛风的药物组合物及其制备方法。
为了实现本发明目的,本发明的一种抗痛风的药物组合物,所述药物组合物中含有威灵仙、羌活、独活、徐长卿、苍术、牛膝和黄芪。
本发明的抗痛风的药物组合物,所述药物组合物含有以下重量份的各组分:威灵仙77-143、徐长卿70-130、羌活45-85、独活45-85、苍术56-104、牛膝56-104和黄芪77-143。
优选地,所述药物组合物含有以下重量份的各组分:威灵仙88-132、徐长卿80-120、羌活52-78、独活52-78、苍术64-96、牛膝64-96和黄芪88-132。
更优选地,所述药物组合物含有以下重量份的各组分:威灵仙110、徐长卿100、羌活65、独活65、苍术80、牛膝80和黄芪110。
本发明的抗痛风的药物组合物可以为胶囊剂、片剂、散剂、颗粒剂、口服液、丸剂或合剂等。
本发明还提供上述药物组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)按比例称取各组分,羌活、独活、徐长卿和苍术用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,蒸馏后的水溶液另器收集,回收残渣,挥发油另器存放,备用;
2)威灵仙、牛膝、黄芪和步骤1)的残渣用水提取,滤过,滤液与步骤1)所述蒸馏后的水溶液合并、浓缩,得到水提物;
3)步骤2)的水提物用乙醇沉淀,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇,即得稠膏;
4)将步骤1)所得挥发油和步骤3)的稠膏混合,即得。
前述的方法,步骤1)中水蒸气蒸馏法具体为:将羌活、独活、徐长卿和苍术混合,加入6-8倍药材重量的水,浸泡6-10小时,用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,提取时间3-5小时,蒸馏后的水溶液另器收集,回收残渣,挥发油另器存放,备用。
前述的方法,步骤2)中用水提取的方法具体为:将威灵仙、牛膝、黄芪和步骤1)的残渣用水提取1-3次,每次加入8-12倍药材重量的水,煎煮时间分别为1-3小时,合并煎煮液,再与步骤1)所述蒸馏后的水溶液合并,减压浓缩,即得水提物。优选地,将威灵仙、牛膝、黄芪和步骤1)的残渣用水提取2次,每次加入10倍药材重量的水煎煮2小时,合并煎煮液,再与步骤1)所述蒸馏后的水溶液合并,减压浓缩,即得水提物。
前述的方法,步骤3)中乙醇沉淀的方法具体为:待步骤2)的水提物冷却后,加入2-4倍水提物体积的85-95%乙醇,搅匀,静置18-30h,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇。优选地,待水提物冷却后,加入3倍水提物体积的90%乙醇,搅匀,静置24h,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇。
本发明进一步提供所述药物组合物在制备用于抗痛风的药物中的应用,所述痛风包括急性关节炎期痛风、慢性关节炎期痛风和痛风性肾结石。主要适用于中医所述的风寒湿痹、筋脉拘挛、麻木不仁、腰膝酸痛,兼治痹证兼肝肾不足、外感表证夹湿、头风头痛等。
本发明提供的抗痛风的药物组合物具有以下优点:
(一)本发明的药物组合物中:
威灵仙:味辛而善祛风湿、通经络、治风寒湿痹、肢体拘挛,瘫痪麻木,性温善走串,力强效快;又善消痰水,治痰饮积聚及诸骨鲠喉,为方中君药。
徐长卿:归肝经,能祛风通络止痛,治风湿痹痛。辛散温通,止痛力强,最善治风寒湿痹疼痛较重者及内外伤诸痛,兼治脘腹痛、牙痛、术后痛、癌肿痛;又能活血、止痒、解蛇毒,为方中臣药。
羌活配独活:羌活辛温苦燥,作用较强,作用偏上偏表,功能散寒祛风、胜湿止痛、发表,善散肌表游风及寒湿而通利关节止痛,善治表证夹湿,治上半身风寒湿痹痛、太阳经头痛及项背强痛;独活微温,药力较缓,功能祛风湿、止痛、发表,主治风寒湿痹痛,腰膝酸痛,善散在里伏风及寒湿而通利关节止痛,治腰以下风寒湿痹及少阴伏风头痛。独活、羌活均辛散苦燥温通,两药相合,走里达表,散风寒湿力强,治风湿痹痛无论上下均可。主治风寒湿痹、风寒表证、表证夹湿及头风头痛等证。
苍术:辛苦温燥,散风寒湿而除痹发表,为治风寒湿痹及表证夹湿所常用。具燥湿健脾,祛风湿的功效,主治风寒湿痹,表证夹湿。羌活、独活和苍术共为佐药。
牛膝:入肝肾经,生用味多苦而行散通利,痹痛拘挛宜选;制用味多甘而长于补虚,善补肝肾、强筋骨,为治腰膝酸软、筋骨无力之要药;主治肝肾亏虚之腰膝酸痛、筋骨无力,风湿痹痛,筋脉拘挛,痿证等。
黄芪:甘温升补,主以扶正气,又能生血、摄血、生津、行滞,治血虚萎黄、气不摄血之崩漏便血、气津两伤之消渴、气虚血滞之痹痛麻木和半身不遂等。主治气血双亏,血虚萎黄,血痹肢麻,半身不遂,消渴。可用于痛风所致的病久气血不足。牛膝、黄芪共为使药。
(二)本发明提供的药物组合物可作为一种新型的抗痛风药,标本兼治,疗效确切,成本低,为患者提供一种治疗痛风药品的选择。
(三)本发明的药物组合物为纯中药,不含现代药物,疗程短,起效快,可减少药物禁忌,无明显不良反应,无并发症,扩大用药人群,减轻病人痛苦。
(四)治愈率高,复发率低。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。若未特别指明,实施例中所用的技术手段为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段,所用原料均为市售商品。
实施例1抗痛风的药物组合物及其制备方法
1、原料:
表1抗痛风的药物组合物原料配方
中药材 | 重量(kg) | 重量百分比(%) |
威灵仙 | 110 | 18.0 |
徐长卿 | 100 | 16.4 |
羌活 | 65 | 10.7 |
独活 | 65 | 10.7 |
苍术 | 80 | 13.1 |
牛膝 | 80 | 13.1 |
黄芪 | 110 | 18.0 |
合计 | 610 | 100 |
2、制备方法:
1)按照表1中配方称取以上七味药。
2)将羌活、独活、徐长卿、苍术加6倍药材重量的水,浸泡8小时,用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,提取时间4小时,蒸馏后的水溶液另器收集,回收残渣,挥发油另器存放,备用。
3)威灵仙、牛膝、黄芪和步骤2)的残渣用水提取2次,每次加10倍药材重量的水煎煮2小时,滤过,合并滤液和步骤2)所述的蒸馏后的水溶液,减压浓缩,即得水提物,备用。
4)将步骤3)所述水提物放置冷却,加3倍量(体积)90%的乙醇,搅匀,静置24h,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇,即得稠膏,备用。
5)将步骤2)所得挥发油和步骤4)的稠膏按常规工艺制备成胶囊剂。
实施例2抗痛风的药物组合物及其制备方法
1、原料:
表2抗痛风的药物组合物原料配方
中药材 | 重量(kg) | 重量百分比(%) |
威灵仙 | 88 | 15.0 |
徐长卿 | 120 | 20.5 |
羌活 | 52 | 8.9 |
独活 | 78 | 13.3 |
苍术 | 64 | 10.9 |
牛膝 | 96 | 16.4 |
黄芪 | 88 | 15.0 |
合计 | 586 | 100 |
2、制备方法:
1)按照表2中配方称取以上七味药。
2)将羌活、独活、徐长卿、苍术加7倍药材重量的水,浸泡6小时,用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,提取时间5小时,蒸馏后的水溶液另器收集,回收残渣,挥发油另器存放,备用。
3)威灵仙、牛膝、黄芪和步骤2)的残渣用水提取1次,每次加12倍药材重量的水煎煮3小时,滤过,合并滤液和步骤2)所述的蒸馏后的水溶液,减压浓缩,即得水提物,备用。
4)将步骤3)所述水提物放置冷却,加2倍量(体积)95%的乙醇,搅匀,静置18h,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇,即得稠膏,备用。
5)将步骤2)所得挥发油和步骤4)的稠膏按常规工艺制备成片剂。
实施例3抗痛风的药物组合物及其制备方法
1、原料:
表3抗痛风的药物组合物原料配方
中药材 | 重量(kg) | 重量百分比(%) |
威灵仙 | 132 | 20.8 |
徐长卿 | 80 | 12.6 |
羌活 | 78 | 12.3 |
独活 | 52 | 8.2 |
苍术 | 96 | 15.1 |
牛膝 | 64 | 10.1 |
黄芪 | 132 | 20.8 |
合计 | 634 | 100 |
2、制备方法:
1)按照表3中配方称取以上七味药。
2)将羌活、独活、徐长卿、苍术加8倍药材重量的水,浸泡7小时,用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,提取时间3小时,蒸馏后的水溶液另器收集,回收残渣,挥发油另器存放,备用。
3)威灵仙、牛膝、黄芪和步骤2)的残渣用水提取3次,每次加11倍药材重量的水煎煮1小时,滤过,合并滤液和步骤2)所述的蒸馏后的水溶液,减压浓缩,即得水提物,备用。
4)将步骤3)所述水提物放置冷却,加4倍量(体积)92%的乙醇,搅匀,静置21h,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇,即得稠膏,备用。
5)将步骤2)所得挥发油和步骤4)的稠膏按常规工艺制备成散剂。
实施例4抗痛风的药物组合物及其制备方法
1、原料:
表4抗痛风的药物组合物原料配方
中药材 | 重量(kg) | 重量百分比(%) |
威灵仙 | 77 | 13.4 |
徐长卿 | 130 | 22.6 |
羌活 | 45 | 7.8 |
独活 | 85 | 14.8 |
苍术 | 56 | 9.8 |
牛膝 | 104 | 18.1 |
黄芪 | 77 | 13.4 |
合计 | 574 | 100 |
2、制备方法:
1)按照表4中配方称取以上七味药。
2)将羌活、独活、徐长卿、苍术加7倍药材重量的水,浸泡9小时,用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,提取时间5小时,蒸馏后的水溶液另器收集,回收残渣,挥发油另器存放,备用。
3)威灵仙、牛膝、黄芪和步骤2)的残渣用水提取1次,每次加9倍药材重量的水煎煮3小时,滤过,合并滤液和步骤2)所述的蒸馏后的水溶液,减压浓缩,即得水提物,备用。
4)将步骤3)所述水提物放置冷却,加2倍量(体积)88%的乙醇,搅匀,静置27h,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇,即得稠膏,备用。
5)将步骤2)所得挥发油和步骤4)的稠膏按常规工艺制备成颗粒剂。
实施例5抗痛风的药物组合物及其制备方法
1、原料:
表5抗痛风的药物组合物原料配方
中药材 | 重量(kg) | 重量百分比(%) |
威灵仙 | 143 | 22.1 |
徐长卿 | 70 | 10.8 |
羌活 | 85 | 13.2 |
独活 | 45 | 7.0 |
苍术 | 104 | 16.1 |
牛膝 | 56 | 8.7 |
黄芪 | 143 | 22.1 |
合计 | 646 | 100 |
2、制备方法:
1)按照表5中配方称取以上七味药。
2)将羌活、独活、徐长卿、苍术加8倍药材重量的水,浸泡10小时,用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,提取时间3小时,蒸馏后的水溶液另器收集,回收残渣,挥发油另器存放,备用。
3)威灵仙、牛膝、黄芪和步骤2)的残渣用水提取3次,每次加8倍药材重量的水煎煮1小时,滤过,合并滤液和步骤2)所述的蒸馏后的水溶液,减压浓缩,即得水提物,备用。
4)将步骤3)所述水提物放置冷却,加4倍量(体积)85%的乙醇,搅匀,静置30h,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇,即得稠膏,备用。
5)将步骤2)所得挥发油和步骤4)的稠膏按常规工艺制备成口服液。
实施例6抗痛风的药物组合物的疗效
1.病例选择:
1.1诊断标准:
西医诊断依据:根据诱因、家族史、泌尿道尿酸结石史及典型的关节炎表现等,应考虑为痛风。以下检查可确定诊断,并以前三项最为重要:(1)血尿酸增高,但少数患者在急性痛风发作时可正常。(2)关节腔滑囊液旋光显微镜检查可发现白细胞内有双折光的针形尿酸盐结晶。(3)痛风石活检或穿刺检查可证实为尿酸盐结晶。(4)X线检查可见,在受累关节骨软骨缘有圆形或不整齐穿凿样透亮缺损(尿酸盐倾蚀骨质所致)。(5)CT扫描见灰度不等的斑点状痛风石影像,或在MRI的T1和T2影像中呈低至中等密度的块状阴影。两项检查联合进行可对多数关节内痛风石作出准确诊断。急性关节炎期诊断有困难者,可用秋水仙碱作诊断性治疗。如为痛风,服秋水仙碱后症状迅速缓解,具有特征性诊断意义。
中医病证诊断依据:
(1)多以单个趾指关节,卒然红肿疼痛,逐渐痛剧如虎咬,昼轻夜甚,反复发作。可伴发热,头痛等症。(2)多见于中老年男子,可有痛风家族史。常因劳累,暴饮暴食,吃高嘌呤食物,饮酒及外感风寒等诱发。(3)起初可单关节发病,以第一跖趾关节为多见。继则足踝、跟、手指和其他小关节,出现红肿热痛,甚则关节腔可渗液。反复发作后,可伴有关节周围及耳廓、耳轮及趾、指骨间出现“块瘰”(痛风石)。(4)血尿酸、尿尿酸增高。发作期白细胞总数可增高。(5)必要时做肾B超探测,尿常规,肾功能等检查,以了解痛风后肾病变情况。X线摄片检查:可示软骨缘邻近关节的骨质有不整齐的穿凿样圆形缺损。
1.2纳入标准:符合西医诊断依据,符合中医病证诊断依据。
1.3排除标准:排除合并心脑、血管、肝及造血系统等严重原发性疾病,肾功能损害,其他免疫系统疾病如类风湿性关节炎、强直性脊柱炎等,妊娠、哺乳期妇女,不能坚持服药者。
2.病例收集及分组:
根据以上标准选取适宜的住院和门诊病例,最终确诊痛风患者218例,病程最短5个月,最长23年。
将上述病例随机分成六组:
其中实验例1组,35例,男28例,女7例,年龄34-80岁,平均年龄45.7岁;
实验例2组,38例,男32例,女6例,年龄31-77岁,平均年龄47.3岁;
实验例3组,34例,男27例,女7例,年龄32-81岁,平均年龄42.8岁;
实验例4组,37例,男29例,女8例,年龄32-76岁,平均年龄44.6岁;
实验例5组,36例,男27例,女9例,年龄29-79岁,平均年龄45.1岁;
对照组:38例,男30例,女8例,年龄31-79岁,平均年龄47.3岁,实验组与对照组资料经统计学处理无明显性差异。
其中实验例1-5组分别给予本发明实施例1-5中制备的中药组合物制剂;对照组在饮食控制基础上服用别嘌呤醇片。治疗期间所有受试者不加用其他药物治疗。
3.疗效评定:
治愈:症状消失,实验室检查正常。
好转:关节肿胀消减,疼痛缓解,实验室检查有改善。
未愈:症状及实验室检查无变化。
4.治疗结果:见表6。
表6治疗组和对照组临床疗效分析
组别 | 例数 | 治愈 | 好转 | 未愈 | 有效率 |
对照组 | 38 | 4 | 7 | 27 | 28.9% |
实验例1组 | 35 | 8 | 13 | 14 | 60.0% |
实验例2组 | 38 | 7 | 15 | 16 | 57.9% |
实验例3组 | 34 | 10 | 13 | 11 | 67.6% |
实验例4组 | 37 | 9 | 13 | 15 | 59.5% |
实验例5组 | 36 | 7 | 14 | 15 | 58.3% |
结论:对照组的有效率为28.9%,而实验例1-5组有效率为57.9~67.6%,治疗组与对照组疗效比较有显著性差异(p<0.05)。
以上实验结果表明,本发明的药物组合物在抗痛风方面,效果优于现有技术。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方案对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种抗痛风的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物中含有威灵仙、羌活、独活、徐长卿、苍术、牛膝和黄芪。
2.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物含有以下重量份的各组分:威灵仙77-143、徐长卿70-130、羌活45-85、独活45-85、苍术56-104、牛膝56-104和黄芪77-143。
3.根据权利要求2所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物含有以下重量份的各组分:威灵仙88-132、徐长卿80-120、羌活52-78、独活52-78、苍术64-96、牛膝64-96和黄芪88-132。
4.根据权利要求3所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物含有以下重量份的各组分:威灵仙110、徐长卿100、羌活65、独活65、苍术80、牛膝80和黄芪110。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物为胶囊剂、片剂、散剂、颗粒剂、口服液、丸剂或合剂。
6.制备权利要求1-5任一项所述药物组合物的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下步骤:
1)按比例称取各组分,羌活、独活、徐长卿和苍术用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,蒸馏后的水溶液另器收集,回收残渣,挥发油另器存放,备用;
2)威灵仙、牛膝、黄芪和步骤1)的残渣用水提取,滤过,滤液与步骤1)所述蒸馏后的水溶液合并、浓缩,得到水提物;
3)步骤2)的水提物用乙醇沉淀,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇,即得稠膏;
4)将步骤1)所得挥发油和步骤3)的稠膏混合,即得。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1)中水蒸气蒸馏法具体为:将羌活、独活、徐长卿和苍术混合,加入6-8倍药材重量的水,浸泡6-10小时,用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,提取时间3-5小时,蒸馏后的水溶液另器收集,回收残渣,挥发油另器存放,备用。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2)中用水提取的方法具体为:将威灵仙、牛膝、黄芪和步骤1)的残渣用水提取1-3次,每次加入8-12倍药材重量的水,煎煮时间分别为1-3小时,合并煎煮液,再与步骤1)所述蒸馏后的水溶液合并,减压浓缩,即得水提物。
9.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤3)中乙醇沉淀的方法具体为:待步骤2)的水提物冷却后,加入2-4倍水提物体积的85-95%乙醇,搅匀,静置18-30h,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇。
10.权利要求1-5任一项所述药物组合物在制备用于抗痛风的药物中的应用,所述痛风包括急性关节炎期痛风、慢性关节炎期痛风和痛风性肾结石。
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