CN104248479B - 用于制取间隔物的方法及装置 - Google Patents
用于制取间隔物的方法及装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104248479B CN104248479B CN201410294372.XA CN201410294372A CN104248479B CN 104248479 B CN104248479 B CN 104248479B CN 201410294372 A CN201410294372 A CN 201410294372A CN 104248479 B CN104248479 B CN 104248479B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- mold
- temperature
- bone cement
- sept
- cement dough
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 239000002639 bone cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013536 elastomeric material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 20
- 210000000629 knee joint Anatomy 0.000 description 17
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 8
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000002303 tibia Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011882 arthroplasty Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002458 infectious effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011883 total knee arthroplasty Methods 0.000 description 3
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001804 debridement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000001624 hip Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000004394 hip joint Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010003694 Atrophy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000906034 Orthops Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002924 anti-infective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037444 atrophy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003414 extremity Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003127 knee Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000323 shoulder joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C39/00—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
- B29C39/003—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/38—Joints for elbows or knees
- A61F2/389—Tibial components
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/3094—Designing or manufacturing processes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
- A61F2002/30667—Features concerning an interaction with the environment or a particular use of the prosthesis
- A61F2002/30672—Features concerning an interaction with the environment or a particular use of the prosthesis temporary
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/3094—Designing or manufacturing processes
- A61F2/30942—Designing or manufacturing processes for designing or making customized prostheses, e.g. using templates, CT or NMR scans, finite-element analysis or CAD-CAM techniques
- A61F2002/30957—Designing or manufacturing processes for designing or making customized prostheses, e.g. using templates, CT or NMR scans, finite-element analysis or CAD-CAM techniques using a positive or a negative model, e.g. moulds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/46—Special tools for implanting artificial joints
- A61F2002/4653—Special tools for implanting artificial joints using cooling means
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2240/00—Manufacturing or designing of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2240/001—Designing or manufacturing processes
- A61F2240/002—Designing or making customized prostheses
- A61F2240/004—Using a positive or negative model, e.g. moulds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
- A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
- A61F2310/00353—Bone cement, e.g. polymethylmethacrylate or PMMA
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2033/00—Use of polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2033/04—Polymers of esters
- B29K2033/12—Polymers of methacrylic acid esters, e.g. PMMA, i.e. polymethylmethacrylate
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102013010593.5 | 2013-06-26 | ||
| DE102013010593.5A DE102013010593B4 (de) | 2013-06-26 | 2013-06-26 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Spacern und Vorrichtung hierzu |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104248479A CN104248479A (zh) | 2014-12-31 |
| CN104248479B true CN104248479B (zh) | 2016-08-24 |
Family
ID=50982792
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410294372.XA Active CN104248479B (zh) | 2013-06-26 | 2014-06-26 | 用于制取间隔物的方法及装置 |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9895830B2 (https=) |
| EP (1) | EP2818138B1 (https=) |
| JP (1) | JP5822988B2 (https=) |
| CN (1) | CN104248479B (https=) |
| AU (1) | AU2014203307B2 (https=) |
| CA (1) | CA2854115C (https=) |
| DE (1) | DE102013010593B4 (https=) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9278002B2 (en) * | 2013-06-07 | 2016-03-08 | Gregory Merrell | Elbow antibiotic spacer implant |
| MX2017010214A (es) * | 2015-02-16 | 2018-02-26 | Tecres Spa | Material plastico para dispositivos a ser implantados en el cuerpo humando o para espaciadores articulares. |
| CN104958124B (zh) * | 2015-06-26 | 2017-03-01 | 青岛大学附属医院 | 复制式人工关节间隔物的制作方法 |
| KR102191148B1 (ko) * | 2019-03-04 | 2020-12-15 | 주식회사 지씨에스 | 음순간 패드 제조용 금형 |
| JP7090186B2 (ja) * | 2020-03-20 | 2022-06-23 | ヘレウス メディカル ゲーエムベーハー | スペーサを製造するための装置及び方法 |
| ES2964566T3 (es) | 2020-07-17 | 2024-04-08 | Heraeus Medical Gmbh | Dispositivo y procedimiento de fabricación de espaciadores |
| EP4208111B1 (en) | 2020-09-04 | 2025-08-27 | DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. | Temporary antimicrobial cement spacer, assembly, kit, and method of manufacture |
| CN111948098A (zh) * | 2020-09-11 | 2020-11-17 | 北京邦塞科技有限公司 | 一种仿真模拟测试骨水泥推注性能的测试装置 |
| US12357361B2 (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2025-07-15 | Jeremy M. Gililland | Knee sizing tool and systems and methods for use in total knee replacement procedure |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1392188A (zh) * | 2002-07-26 | 2003-01-22 | 天津大学 | 聚合物/硫酸钙可吸收复合生物材料 |
| CN101222888A (zh) * | 2005-03-29 | 2008-07-16 | 贝尔法斯特女王大学 | 用于外科水泥聚合的装置及其方法 |
| CN101843920A (zh) * | 2010-06-17 | 2010-09-29 | 天津大学 | 自成孔磷酸钙骨水泥支架的制备方法 |
| CN102028971A (zh) * | 2010-12-29 | 2011-04-27 | 安徽理工大学 | 生物固定型仿生关节及其制备方法 |
| EP2526900A1 (de) * | 2011-05-24 | 2012-11-28 | Heraeus Medical GmbH | Form zur Herstellung einer Femurkomponente eines Kniegelenkspacers |
| EP2532323A1 (de) * | 2011-06-06 | 2012-12-12 | Heraeus Medical GmbH | Form zur Herstellung einer Tibiakomponente eines Kniegelenkspacers |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6155812A (en) * | 1998-07-15 | 2000-12-05 | Biomet, Inc | Cement mold for a temporary implant |
| WO2008088869A1 (en) * | 2007-01-19 | 2008-07-24 | Spinemedica Corporation | Methods and systems for forming implants with selectively exposed mesh for fixation |
| US20080319247A1 (en) * | 2007-06-21 | 2008-12-25 | Philadelphia Health & Education Corporation D/B/A Drexel University College Of Medicine | Method of local therapy using magnetizable thermoplastic implant |
| US7637729B2 (en) * | 2007-12-13 | 2009-12-29 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Modular articulating cement spacer mold |
| AU2011224893B2 (en) * | 2010-03-10 | 2015-01-22 | Ossdsign Ab | Implants and methods for correcting tissue defects |
-
2013
- 2013-06-26 DE DE102013010593.5A patent/DE102013010593B4/de active Active
-
2014
- 2014-06-12 CA CA2854115A patent/CA2854115C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-06-18 AU AU2014203307A patent/AU2014203307B2/en active Active
- 2014-06-23 EP EP14173374.1A patent/EP2818138B1/de active Active
- 2014-06-24 US US14/312,817 patent/US9895830B2/en active Active
- 2014-06-26 CN CN201410294372.XA patent/CN104248479B/zh active Active
- 2014-06-26 JP JP2014131401A patent/JP5822988B2/ja active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1392188A (zh) * | 2002-07-26 | 2003-01-22 | 天津大学 | 聚合物/硫酸钙可吸收复合生物材料 |
| CN101222888A (zh) * | 2005-03-29 | 2008-07-16 | 贝尔法斯特女王大学 | 用于外科水泥聚合的装置及其方法 |
| CN101843920A (zh) * | 2010-06-17 | 2010-09-29 | 天津大学 | 自成孔磷酸钙骨水泥支架的制备方法 |
| CN102028971A (zh) * | 2010-12-29 | 2011-04-27 | 安徽理工大学 | 生物固定型仿生关节及其制备方法 |
| EP2526900A1 (de) * | 2011-05-24 | 2012-11-28 | Heraeus Medical GmbH | Form zur Herstellung einer Femurkomponente eines Kniegelenkspacers |
| EP2532323A1 (de) * | 2011-06-06 | 2012-12-12 | Heraeus Medical GmbH | Form zur Herstellung einer Tibiakomponente eines Kniegelenkspacers |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2818138A2 (de) | 2014-12-31 |
| DE102013010593B4 (de) | 2015-12-03 |
| EP2818138A3 (de) | 2015-03-11 |
| US20150001765A1 (en) | 2015-01-01 |
| CA2854115C (en) | 2016-08-16 |
| JP5822988B2 (ja) | 2015-11-25 |
| JP2015009154A (ja) | 2015-01-19 |
| AU2014203307B2 (en) | 2015-11-05 |
| AU2014203307A1 (en) | 2015-01-22 |
| US9895830B2 (en) | 2018-02-20 |
| EP2818138B1 (de) | 2017-03-08 |
| CA2854115A1 (en) | 2014-12-26 |
| DE102013010593A1 (de) | 2014-12-31 |
| CN104248479A (zh) | 2014-12-31 |
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