CN104223090B - 治疗糖尿病的药膳制剂及制法 - Google Patents
治疗糖尿病的药膳制剂及制法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗糖尿病的药膳制剂，由下述原材料制备而成，均为质量份：灯心草25-45，鹿茸草20-40，莱菔6-10，糯米25-45，鸡肉35-45，理石6-9，竹茹10-15，大蓟根6-15，麦饭石8-12。本发明的优良效果还表现在：本发明在中医学理论基础上，借鉴现代医学有关糖尿病及其并发症最新成果，对各中药成分进行科学配伍、合理用量，通过提高人体防病抗病的免疫机能，调节内分泌，改善微循环，调整和修复胰岛素功能，达到平稳而快速降低血糖的目的。本发明具有生津止渴、活血化瘀、益胃健脾、滋阴固肾等作用；本发明具有见效快、无药物依赖性，无毒副作用，服用方便等特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中医中药领域，特别是涉及一种治疗糖尿病的药膳制剂及制备方法。
背景技术
随着我国人民生活水平的提高，生活行为方式的变化以及社会老龄化程度的提高，我国糖尿病的患病率正在呈快速上升趋势，已成为继心血管疾病、肿瘤之后的另一个严重危害居民健康的中药慢性非传染性疾病。现代医学所称糖尿病，中医文献中虽然无此病名，但就其临床所见症状和体征，可归属于“消渴”范畴。糖尿病是由遗传因素、免疫功能紊乱、微生物感染及其毒素、自由及毒素、精神因素等等各种致病因子作用于机体导致胰岛功能减退、胰岛素抵抗等而引发的糖、蛋白质、脂肪、水和电解质等一系列代谢紊乱综合征，临床上以高血糖为主要特点，典型病例克出现多尿、多饮、多食、消瘦等表现，即“三多一少”症状。糖尿病分为1型糖尿病和2型糖尿病，在糖尿病患者中，2型糖尿病所占的比列最多，为95%。
目前，对型糖尿病的治疗主要采用西药和胰岛素。治疗糖尿病的西药主要有：1、磺脲类口服降糖药：主要通过刺激胰岛素分泌而发挥作用；2、双胍类口服降糖药；3、糖苷酶抑制剂：通过抑制小肠粘膜上皮细胞表面的糖苷酶，延缓碳水化合物的吸收，从而降低餐后血糖；4.噻唑烷二酮：口服降糖药，为胰岛素增敏剂，通过增加外周组织对胰岛素的敏感性、改善胰岛素抵抗而降低血糖。
公开号CN102836353A（申请号201210336351.0）的中国发明专利文献公开了一种治糖尿病的中药，由重量百分比为：玉米须20-40份、白茅根20-40份、葛根10-20份、麦冬10-20份、天花粉10-30份、生地10-20份、知母10-20份和怀牛膝8-15份组成。公开号CN101406627A（申请号200810230930.0）的中国发明专利公开了一种治疗糖尿病的中药，该中药由按重量份计的原料药组成：鬼针草10-180份，翻白草9-180份，黄精9-30份，白芨5-25份，藿香3-20份，金钱草10-45份。公开号CN1919315A（申请号200510092583.6）的中国专利文献公开了一种糖尿病疗效茶，其中药组分及重量为葛根10-15克、天花粉5-60克、仙鹤草1-20克、白头翁5-50克、白茅根1-20克、地骨皮10-60克。
总之，传统的磺酰脲类、双胍类等口服降血糖药治疗，但这些药物最突出的不良反应就是低血糖，并可能诱发体重增加，使其临床应用受限，对肾、肝、脾等器官带来副作用，当前治疗的中药制剂也存在诸多弊端，治疗效果不明显，加之糖尿病发病率在世界范围内节节攀升，现有治疗药物将无法满足未来市场需求，因此，针对疾病形成机制，寻找并研发出更安全有效的新型药物以防止和逆转2型糖尿病的病情发展，就显得迫在眉捷。传统中医治疗糖尿病特别强调整体观念、辨证论治、协调阴阳、多环调理的观点，显示出中药在糖尿病治疗方面有着一定优势，且中药价廉、毒副作用小、对器官影响不大，值得大力开发推广使用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种疗效果好、有效率高、对人体无毒副作用的治疗糖尿病的药膳制剂。
本发明的技术方案是:
治疗糖尿病的药膳制剂，由下述原材料制备而成，均为质量份：灯心草25-45，鹿茸草20-40，莱菔6-10，糯米25-45，鸡肉35-45，理石6-9，竹茹10-15，大蓟根6-15，麦饭石8-12。
优选的方案中，灯心草30-40，鹿茸草25-35，莱菔7-9，糯米30-40，鸡肉38-42，理石7-8，竹茹12-13，大蓟根8-13，麦饭石9-11。
更加优选的，灯心草35，鹿茸草30，莱菔8，糯米35，鸡肉40，理石7.5，竹茹12.5，大蓟根10.5，麦饭石10。
治疗糖尿病的药膳制剂的制备方法是：
（1）取净竹茹，加姜汁拌匀，稍闷，压平，置药锅内，用文火加热，炒焙至两面显黄色焦斑，取出，晾干；理石、麦饭石研末，过筛，得细粉；
（2）将大蓟根洗净捣碎与灯心草、处理后的竹茹以及步骤（1）所得细粉一同置于瓦罐内，加30-45℃纯净水浸泡，然后置于火炉上小火煎煮两次，第一次煎煮1-2小时，第二次煎煮0.5-1小时，过滤，合并煎液；
（3）鹿茸草洗净，加1倍量的白酒、清水各半，小火煎煮0.5-1.5小时，将所得煎液与步骤（2）中煎液合并；
（4）莱菔洗净、切块，糯米洗净，鸡肉剁块一同置于药锅内，加1-5倍量的纯净水，大火烧开，后转小火慢炖1-3小时，停火前0.5小时加入上述煎液，搅拌均匀，冷却，即得药膳制剂。
上述治疗糖尿病的药膳制剂的制备方法，优选的方案是，步骤（1）中过140-180目筛（优选过150-170目筛，更加优选的过160目筛）。
上述治疗糖尿病的药膳制剂的制备方法，优选的方案是，步骤（2）中加2-5倍量的纯净水（优选加3-4倍量的纯净水，更加优选的加3.5倍量的纯净水）。
上述治疗糖尿病的药膳制剂的制备方法，优选的方案是，步骤（2）中浸泡时间为1-3小时（优选浸泡时间为1.5-2.5小时，更加优选的浸泡时间为2小时）。
上述治疗糖尿病的药膳制剂的制备方法，优选的方案是，步骤（4）中加2-4倍量的纯净水（优选加3倍量的纯净水）。
上述治疗糖尿病的药膳制剂的制备方法，优选的方案是，步骤（4）小火慢炖1.5-2.5小时（优选小火慢炖2小时）。
本发明还提供了所述的中药制剂在制备治疗糖尿病药物中的应用。
本发明所用主要中药原料的药理如下：
灯心草：基原：为灯心草科植物灯心草的茎髓或全草。化学成份：茎髓含纤维、脂肪油、蛋白质等。茎含多糖类。性味：甘淡，寒。归经：入心、肺、小肠经。功能主治：清心降火，利尿通淋。治淋病，水肿，小便不利，湿热黄疸，心烦不寐，小儿夜啼，喉痹，创伤。
鹿茸草：基原：为玄参科植物绵毛鹿茸草的全草。化学成份：有较明显的酚类及还原糖反应，黄酮类反应不明显，无生物碱反应。初步分离得甘露醇和另一熔点为200-204℃的白色结晶。性味；苦，平。功能主治；治感冒心中烦热，咳嗽，吐血，赤痢，便血，月经不调，风湿骨痛，牙痛，乳痈。
莱菔：基原：为十字花科莱菔属植物莱菔的鲜根。成分：根含苷类芥子油苷，葡萄糖莱菔素，莱菔苷。酚酸类：对香豆酸，咖啡酸，阿魏酸，苯丙酮酸，龙胆酸等。药性：辛、甘，凉；熟者甘，平。归脾、胃、肺、大肠经。功用主治：消食，下气，化痰，止血。主治消化不良，食积胀满，吞酸，翻胃，吐食，肠风，泄泻，痢疾，便秘，痰热咳嗽，咽喉不利，咳血，吐血，衄血，便血，消渴，淋虫。外治疗疮肿疡，损伤瘀肿，烫伤及冻疮。
糯米：基原：为禾本科稻属植物糯稻的去壳种仁。药性：甘，温。归脾、胃、肺经。功用主治：补中益气，健脾止泻，缩尿，敛汗，解毒。主治脾胃虚寒泄泻，霍乱吐逆，消渴尿多，自汗，痘疮，痔疮。
鸡肉：基原：为雉科雉属动物家鸡的肉。性味：甘，温。归经：归脾、胃经。功用主治：温中，益气，补精，填髓。主治虚劳赢瘦，病后体虚，食少纳呆，反胃，泻痢，消渴，水肿，小便频数，崩漏，带下，产后乳少。
理石：基原：为硫酸盐类石膏族矿物石膏与硬石膏的集合体。药性：辛、甘，寒。归经：归胃经。功用主治：清热散结，除烦止渴。主治身热心烦，消渴，积聚，痿痹。
竹茹：基原：为禾本科毛竹属植物淡竹、莿竹属植物青竿竹、慈竹属植物大头典竹等的茎秆去外皮刮出的中间层。成分：淡竹的竹茹含酚性成分：2,5-二甲氧基-对苯醌，对羟基苯甲醛，丁香醛，松柏醛。另含对苯二甲酸2’-羟乙基甲基酯。药性：甘，微寒。归脾、胃、胆经。功用主治：清热化痰，除烦止呕，安泰凉血。主治肺热咳嗽，烦热惊悸，胃热呕呃，妊娠恶阻，胎动不安，吐血，衄血，尿血，崩漏。
大蓟根：别名马蓟、虎蓟、猫蓟、刺蓟、山牛蒡、刺蓟菜等。性味功效甘、苦，性偏凉润。功擅凉血，止血，适用于治疗血热妄行所致的多种出血症，如咯血、衄血、崩漏、尿血等；又长于化瘀，消痈肿，生肌排脓。可用于治疗肠风肠痈、痛疡肿毒、疔疮、瘰疬结核等。
麦饭石：基原：为中酸性火成岩类岩石石英二长斑岩。成分：中华麦饭石主要成分有二氧化硅，氧化铝，氧化铁，氧化亚铁，氧化镁，氧化钙，氧化钠，氧化钾，二氧化钛，五氧化二磷，氧化锰，二氧化碳，以及氟、硫、锶、钡、铜、锌等微量元素。药性：《纲目》：“甘，温，无毒。”功用主治：解毒生肌，祛湿健脾。主治痈疽发背，痤疮，湿疹，脚气，痱子，手指皲裂，黄褐斑，牙痛，口腔溃疡，风湿痹痛，腰背痛，慢性肝炎，胃炎，痢疾，糖尿病，神经衰弱，外伤红肿，高血压病，老年性血管硬化，肿瘤，尿路结石。一般作保健用品。宜忌：外敷时需研极细末，否则易引起疼痛。
本发明提供的药膳制剂组方科学，所得产品服用方便、便于携带。除此之外，本发明的优良效果还表现在：
1、本发明在中医学理论基础上，借鉴现代医学有关糖尿病及其并发症最新成果，对各中药成分进行科学配伍、合理用量，通过提高人体防病抗病的免疫机能，调节内分泌，改善微循环，调整和修复胰岛素功能，达到平稳而快速降低血糖的目的。
2、本发明具有生津止渴、活血化瘀、益胃健脾、滋阴固肾等作用；
3、本发明具有见效快、无药物依赖性，无毒副作用，服用方便等特点。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和实验例详细说明本发明的技术方案，但保护范围不限于此。
实施例1治疗糖尿病的药膳制剂，由下述原材料制备而成，均为质量份：灯心草25g，鹿茸草20g，莱菔6g，糯米25g，鸡肉35g，理石6g，竹茹10g，大蓟根6g，麦饭石8g。
治疗糖尿病的药膳制剂的制备方法：
（1）取净竹茹，加姜汁拌匀，稍闷，压平，置药锅内，用文火加热，炒焙至两面显黄色焦斑，取出，晾干；理石、麦饭石研末，过140筛，得细粉；
（2）将大蓟根洗净捣碎与灯心草、处理后的竹茹以及步骤（1）所得细粉一同置于瓦罐内，加2倍量的30-45℃纯净水浸泡1小时，然后置于火炉上小火煎煮两次，第一次煎煮1-2小时，第二次煎煮0.5-1小时，过滤，合并煎液；
（3）鹿茸草洗净，加1倍量的白酒、清水各半，小火煎煮0.5-1.5小时，将所得煎液与步骤（2）中煎液合并；
（4）莱菔洗净、切块，糯米洗净，鸡肉剁块一同置于药锅内，加1倍量的纯净水，大火烧开，后转小火慢炖1小时，停火前0.5小时加入上述煎液，搅拌均匀，冷却，即得药膳制剂。
本发明药膳制剂的服用方法为7天一个疗程，每天服用两次（温热），每次150m1-200m1。
实施例2治疗糖尿病的药膳制剂，由下述原材料制备而成，均为质量份：灯心草45g，鹿茸草40g，莱菔10g，糯米45g，鸡肉45g，理石9g，竹茹15g，大蓟根15g，麦饭石12g。
治疗糖尿病的药膳制剂的制备方法：
（1）取净竹茹，加姜汁拌匀，稍闷，压平，置药锅内，用文火加热，炒焙至两面显黄色焦斑，取出，晾干；理石、麦饭石研末，过180目筛，得细粉；
（2）将大蓟根洗净捣碎与灯心草、处理后的竹茹以及步骤（1）所得细粉一同置于瓦罐内，加5倍量的30-45℃纯净水浸泡3小时，然后置于火炉上小火煎煮两次，第一次煎煮1-2小时，第二次煎煮0.5-1小时，过滤，合并煎液；
（3）鹿茸草洗净，加1倍量的白酒、清水各半，小火煎煮0.5-1.5小时，将所得煎液与步骤（2）中煎液合并；
（4）莱菔洗净、切块，糯米洗净，鸡肉剁块一同置于药锅内，加5倍量的纯净水，大火烧开，后转小火慢炖3小时，停火前0.5小时加入上述煎液，搅拌均匀，冷却，即得药膳制剂。
本发明药膳制剂的服用方法为7天一个疗程，每天服用两次（温热），每次150m1-200m1。
典型病例：王xx，女，60岁，河南人，有糖尿病家族史，发现糖尿病2年，曾服用降糖药治疗，停药后复发，并产生头晕、头痛并发症。采用中医治疗。经检查，舌红无苔，脉弦沉、四肢无力、麻木，血糖高达15mmol/L。
服用本实施例所得治疗糖尿病的药膳制剂，一个疗程后，患者头晕、头痛小时，精神可，血糖下降；继续服用一个疗程混着血糖降到7.5mmol/L，其他不适症状消失，有坚持服用1个月，半年后，复查，血糖稳定，至今无复发。
实施例3治疗糖尿病的药膳制剂，由下述原材料制备而成，均为质量份：灯心草30g，鹿茸草25g，莱菔7g，糯米30g，鸡肉38g，理石7g，竹茹12g，大蓟根8g，麦饭石9g。
治疗糖尿病的药膳制剂的制备方法：
（1）取净竹茹，加姜汁拌匀，稍闷，压平，置药锅内，用文火加热，炒焙至两面显黄色焦斑，取出，晾干；理石、麦饭石研末，过150目筛，得细粉；
（2）将大蓟根洗净捣碎与灯心草、处理后的竹茹以及步骤（1）所得细粉一同置于瓦罐内，加3倍量的30-45℃纯净水浸泡1.5小时，然后置于火炉上小火煎煮两次，第一次煎煮1-2小时，第二次煎煮0.5-1小时，过滤，合并煎液；
（3）鹿茸草洗净，加1倍量的白酒、清水各半，小火煎煮0.5-1.5小时，将所得煎液与步骤（2）中煎液合并；
（4）莱菔洗净、切块，糯米洗净，鸡肉剁块一同置于药锅内，加2倍量的纯净水，大火烧开，后转小火慢炖1.5小时，停火前0.5小时加入上述煎液，搅拌均匀，冷却，即得药膳制剂。
本发明药膳制剂的服用方法为7天一个疗程，每天服用两次（温热），每次150m1-200m1。
典型病例：陈xx，女，45岁，辽宁人，患者两年前无明显诱因出现多尿、口干、多饮、多食伴消瘦，于当地医院就诊，诊断为“2型糖尿病”，注射胰岛素和口服药治疗，用药一周左右，患者多饮、多食症状加重，并有全身乏力、眼睑浮肿等并发症，停止用药。经朋友介绍，来我处采用中药治疗。
服用本实施例所得治疗糖尿病的药膳制剂，采用每次150-200mL，每天服用两次，7天一个疗程。患者服用两个疗程后，血糖下降，其他不适症逐渐消失，继续用药两个疗程，患者餐后血糖为4.5-7.5mmol/L，血糖平稳，半年后复查，血糖稳定，无复发，患者无任何不适。
实施例4治疗糖尿病的药膳制剂，由下述原材料制备而成，均为质量份：灯心草40g，鹿茸草35g，莱菔9g，糯米40g，鸡肉42g，理石8g，竹茹13g，大蓟根13g，麦饭石11g。
治疗糖尿病的药膳制剂的制备方法：
（1）取净竹茹，加姜汁拌匀，稍闷，压平，置药锅内，用文火加热，炒焙至两面显黄色焦斑，取出，晾干；理石、麦饭石研末，过170目筛，得细粉；
（2）将大蓟根洗净捣碎与灯心草、处理后的竹茹以及步骤（1）所得细粉一同置于瓦罐内，加4倍量的30-45℃纯净水浸泡2.5小时，然后置于火炉上小火煎煮两次，第一次煎煮1-2小时，第二次煎煮0.5-1小时，过滤，合并煎液；
（3）鹿茸草洗净，加1倍量的白酒、清水各半，小火煎煮0.5-1.5小时，将所得煎液与步骤（2）中煎液合并；
（4）莱菔洗净、切块，糯米洗净，鸡肉剁块一同置于药锅内，加4倍量的纯净水，大火烧开，后转小火慢炖2.5小时，停火前0.5小时加入上述煎液，搅拌均匀，冷却，即得药膳制剂。
本发明药膳制剂的服用方法为7天一个疗程，每天服用两次（温热），每次150m1-200m1。
实施例5治疗糖尿病的药膳制剂，由下述原材料制备而成，均为质量份：灯心草35g，鹿茸草30g，莱菔8g，糯米35g，鸡肉40g，理石7.5g，竹茹12.5g，大蓟根10.5g，麦饭石10g。
治疗糖尿病的药膳制剂的制备方法：
（1）取净竹茹，加姜汁拌匀，稍闷，压平，置药锅内，用文火加热，炒焙至两面显黄色焦斑，取出，晾干；理石、麦饭石研末，过160目筛，得细粉；
（2）将大蓟根洗净捣碎与灯心草、处理后的竹茹以及步骤（1）所得细粉一同置于瓦罐内，加3.5倍量的30-45℃纯净水浸泡2小时，然后置于火炉上小火煎煮两次，第一次煎煮1-2小时，第二次煎煮0.5-1小时，过滤，合并煎液；
（3）鹿茸草洗净，加1倍量的白酒、清水各半，小火煎煮0.5-1.5小时，将所得煎液与步骤（2）中煎液合并；
（4）莱菔洗净、切块，糯米洗净，鸡肉剁块一同置于药锅内，加3倍量的纯净水，大火烧开，后转小火慢炖2小时，停火前0.5小时加入上述煎液，搅拌均匀，冷却，即得药膳制剂。
本发明药膳制剂的服用方法为7天一个疗程，每天服用两次（温热），每次150m1-200m1。
试验例1实施例5所得治疗糖尿病的药膳制剂的临床应用：2010年7月-2012年5月，在4所医院筛选317例糖尿病患者，最大年龄72岁，最小年龄41岁。随机分为治疗组和对照组。两组在年龄和病情方面差异无统计学意义。治疗组服用实施例5所得产品，对照组服用其它药品（二甲双胍、格列卡特片等常规药品）。使用方法为：每天服用两次（温热），每次150m1-200m1，7天一个疗程，共治疗3疗程。
疗效情况判定标准:治愈:体征及症状完全消失，血糖恢复正常值。显效：体征及症状显著改善，血糖下降但未达到正常值。无效：症状无改变，血糖值如治疗前。结果如表1所示。
表1:服用实施例5产品41-72岁糖尿病患者治疗结果
本发明本着治病求因、标本兼治、辩证施治的目的，以温阳散寒、热土强肾、以火化水为方法根治糖尿病。方中灯心草、糯米、鸡肉、鹿茸草为君药，建脾补气益气；麦饭石、大蓟根、竹茹为臣药，解毒生肌，祛湿健脾；莱菔、理石为使药，温土强肾，使气化显、藏阳存阴。诸药合用，可促使胰岛细胞再生，加强胰岛素的分泌，改善体内糖的代谢，对依赖胰岛素的患者，能迅速减少胰岛素的用量，同时能降低血脂，防止动脉硬化，并对糖尿病引起的多种并发症都有很好的防治效果，治疗和预防并发症。治疗效果：治愈157例（78.5%），显效39例（19.5%），无效4例（2.0%），总有效率98.0%。效果明显优于对照组。
应当指出的是，具体实施方式只是本发明比较有代表性的例子，显然本发明的技术方案不限于上述实施例，还可以有很多变形。本领域的普通技术人员，以本发明所明确公开的或根据文件的书面描述毫无异议的得到的，均应认为是本专利所要保护的范围。
Claims (1)
1.治疗糖尿病的药膳制剂，其特征是，取下述原材料：灯心草35g，鹿茸草30g，莱菔8g，糯米35g，鸡肉40g，理石7.5g，竹茹12.5g，大蓟根10.5g，麦饭石10g；制备方法步骤如下：
（1）取净竹茹，加姜汁拌匀，稍闷，压平，置药锅内，用文火加热，炒焙至两面显黄色焦斑，取出，晾干；理石、麦饭石研末，过160目筛，得细粉；
（2）将大蓟根洗净捣碎与灯心草、处理后的竹茹以及步骤（1）所得细粉一同置于瓦罐内，加3.5倍量的30-45℃纯净水浸泡2小时，然后置于火炉上小火煎煮两次，第一次煎煮1-2小时，第二次煎煮0.5-1小时，过滤，合并煎液；
（3）鹿茸草洗净，加1倍量的白酒、清水各半，小火煎煮0.5-1.5小时，将所得煎液与步骤（2）中煎液合并；
（4）莱菔洗净、切块，糯米洗净，鸡肉剁块一同置于药锅内，加3倍量的纯净水，大火烧开，后转小火慢炖2小时，停火前0.5小时加入上述煎液，搅拌均匀，冷却，即得药膳制剂。
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| CN105055942A (zh) | 2015-11-18 |
| CN104223090A (zh) | 2014-12-24 |
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