CN104211506A - Environment-friendly fertilizer for grape and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Environment-friendly fertilizer for grape and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an environment-friendly fertilizer for grape and a preparation method thereof. The environment-friendly fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75-85 parts of an organic fertilizer, 5-15 parts of an inorganic fertilizer, 3-10 parts of trace elements, 0.1-0.5 part of fermenting compound bacteria, 1-2 parts of enzyme microorganisms, 2-6 parts of humic acid, 1-5 parts of amino acids and 1-2 parts of pseudomonas HN103. The method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the fermenting compound bacteria with water to obtain a diluted bacterial liquid; adding the diluted bacterial liquid into the organic fertilizer, uniformly mixing, stacking and circularly overturning to obtain a first level fermenting matter; then adding the enzyme microorganisms, fermenting till being thoroughly decomposed, drying at low temperatures and crushing to obtain a second level fermenting matter; and finally, adding the inorganic fertilizer, the trace elements, the humid acid, chitosan oligosaccharide and biological bacteria and sorting to obtain the environment-friendly fertilizer for grape. By using wastes in husbandry as main raw materials, the environment-friendly fertilizer for grape is prepared, so that the problem of pollution by heavy metals and organic matters in the grape production process is solved while the problem of supplying nutrients to grape is solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to organic fertilizer field, refer to a kind of grape environment-friendly fertilizer and preparation method thereof particularly.
Background technology
At present, food safety Frequent Accidents, peasant is being subject in contaminated land, and the event of heavy metals exceeding standard also may appear in implantation methods conveniently, as the grape heavy metals exceeding standard that occurs in the recent period and Organic pollutants phenomenon, and heavy metal-polluted soil to exceed standard be its main inducing.In addition, due to the life-time service of agricultural chemicals and chemical fertilizer, make the content of artificial organic pollutant in soil more and more higher, China's agricultural environment pollution and disruption of ecological balance phenomenon are on the rise, the seed output and quality of grape is had a strong impact on, and then threatening the living environment of the mankind, the grape pollution caused therefrom, grape quality and safety problem more and more receive the concern of people, become restriction grape and produce the bottleneck continuing high-efficient development.
But traditional organic fertilizer products can not solve various pollution problem preferably, therefore utilizes modern biotechnology means, the development accelerating new bio environment-friendly fertilizer is extremely urgent.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is just to provide a kind of grape environment-friendly fertilizer and preparation method thereof.The present invention is main raw material with agriculture wastes, prepares grape environment-friendly fertilizer, thus solve grape nutrient supply problem simultaneously, solve heavy metal in grape production process and Organic pollutants problem.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, a kind of grape environment-friendly fertilizer provided by the invention, described environment-friendly fertilizer is made up of the pseudomonas HN103 of the fertilizer of 75 ~ 85 parts, the inorganic fertilizer of 5 ~ 15 parts, the trace element of 3 ~ 10 parts, the fermenting compound fungus of 0.1 ~ 0.5 part, the enzymatic microorganism of 1 ~ 2 part, the humic acids of 2 ~ 6 parts, the amino acid of 1 ~ 5 part and 1 ~ 2 part by the ratio of weight and number of raw material;
Pseudomonas HN103 is purchased from Hua Zhong Agriculture University, Classification And Nomenclature is Pseudomonas putida HN103, preservation date is: on May 26th, 2011, depositary institution is: CCTCC, deposit number is: CCTCC:M2011184, and it is a kind of pseudomonas of Chinese invention patent of CN102286405A and uses thereof and the method removing cadmium pollution in environment that pseudomonas HN103 is disclosed in publication No..
Pseudomonas HN103 heavy metal Cd
2+there is good passivation effect; Investigate the impact of this bacterium and subtilis passivation cadmium used in combination, find that the effect of mixed bacterium passivation cadmium is better than the effect being used alone this bacterium, the clearance of heavy metal cadmium reaches 86.73%; To this other heavy metal of bacterium passivation (Cu
2+, Hg
2+, Zn
2+, Ni
2+, Mn
2+) performance study, find that this bacterium is different to the tolerance of different heavy metal, to Zn
2+, Cu
2+, Mn
2+, Ni
2+passivation ability comparatively strong, to Hg
2+more weak.
By adding this heavy metal passivation bacterium and subtilis in fertilizer, there is better effects to various heavy in passivation soil, heavy metal in soil can be changed into low toxicity or nontoxic form.
Further, described fermenting compound fungus is the mixed bacterium of subtilis, yeast, Trichodermareesei and aspergillus niger, and wherein, described subtilis, yeast, aspergillus niger and Trichodermareesei weight ratio are 2 ︰ 0 ~ 4 ︰ 1 ~ 2 ︰ 1 ~ 2.
Preferably, the weight ratio of described subtilis, aspergillus niger and Trichodermareesei is 3 ︰ 2 ︰ 3.
With feces of livestock and poultry (as cow dung) for handling object, select subtilis, yeast, Trichodermareesei, aspergillus niger 4 kinds of microbial inoculums, to heat up in composting process and to play warm speed, compost temperature, compost time etc. for index, investigate these four kinds of microbial inoculums respectively to the impact of composting fermentation process and different microbial inoculum addition to the impact of compost temperature rise effect, determine that the optimum proportioning of fermenting compound fungus is bacillus subtilis: aspergillus niger: Trichodermareesei=3:2:3.
Research shows, adopts fermenting compound fungus, compost can be made to become thoroughly decomposed completely at about 10 days, and makes the seed germination index of cow dung compost product improve 21.7%.
Again further, described fertilizer is the mixture of fowl and animal excrement, wheat bran and soya-bean cake, wherein, described fowl and animal excrement be in cow dung, pig manure and pig manure any one or a few, weight ratio 10 ︰ 1 ~ 3 ︰ 1 ~ 3 of fowl and animal excrement, wheat bran and soya-bean cake in described fertilizer.
Again further, described inorganic fertilizer is that the mixing of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is fertile, and in described inorganic fertilizer, the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 2 ︰ 1 ~ 2 ︰ 1 ~ 2.
Again further, described trace element comprises calcium, magnesium, sulphur, boron, zinc, selenium and molybdenum, and wherein, the weight ratio of calcium, magnesium, sulphur, boron, zinc, selenium and molybdenum is 2 ︰ 1 ~ 3 ︰ 0.5 ~ 1 ︰ 3 ~ 5 ︰ 1 ~ 2 ︰ 7 ~ 9 ︰ 1 ~ 4.
The invention provides a kind of grape environment-friendly fertilizer preparation method, comprise the following steps:
1) fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, trace element, fermenting compound fungus, enzymatic microorganism, humic acids, oligochitosan and biological bacteria is taken by above-mentioned ratio of weight and number;
2) fermenting compound fungus is mixed by weight 1 ︰ 5 ~ 50 with water, obtain dilution bacterium liquid;
3) by step 2) in dilution bacterium liquid add fertilizer, mix, pile up in heaps, circulation upset, ferment 10 ~ 15 days, state of substantially becoming thoroughly decomposed can be reached, obtain one grade fermemtation thing;
4) to step 3) in add enzymatic microorganism in the one grade fermemtation thing that obtains, fermentation is to becoming thoroughly decomposed completely, and cryodrying, pulverizes and obtain second order fermentation thing;
5) to step 4) in add inorganic fertilizer, trace element, humic acids, oligochitosan and biological bacteria in second order fermentation thing, mix granulation balling-up, sorting obtains grape environment-friendly fertilizer.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1. result of use of the present invention
Grape environment-friendly fertilizer of the present invention is comparatively obvious for crop phosphorus decomposing, potassium decomposing effect, and short seedling, short root growth are effective, on average can improve crop yield 5 ~ 8%; And when using the crop of this environment-friendly fertilizer, soil-borne disease incidence obviously reduces, and pesticide dosage reduces 20%.。
2. economic benefit
Grape environment-friendly fertilizer preparation technology of the present invention is simple, has good economic benefit.
3. social and ecological benefit
The present invention makes full use of the agriculture wastes such as feces of livestock and poultry and straw, and be translated into biological environmental production fertilizer product, the recycle of resource can be realized, and reduce the harm of ight soil to breeding environment, alleviate the unpleasant odor of cultivation factory, and consume the agricultural wastes such as the straw of periphery accumulation, cultivation factory surrounding enviroment are improved, and turn waste into wealth, play larger pushing effect by socio-economic development.
The invention solves the problems such as long-standing problem production estimation heavy metals in process and artificial Organic pollutants, by heavy metal passivation bacterium, heavy metal in soil is changed low toxicity or nontoxic form, also by artificial organic matter degradation bacteria, the artificial organic matter degradation of different sources is become nontoxic material, bring new thinking to environmental pollution improvement aspect.
The present invention adopts biotechnology to carry out the production of biological environmental production fertilizer, reduce chemical fertilizer and Pesticide use amount, advocate ecotypic plantation new model, seek comprehensively to solve the agriculture production environment pollution problem that inorganic fertilizer and riskiest pesticide cause, for producing high yield, safety, high-quality, efficiently agricultural-food provide sound assurance.
Fig. 1 is the pseudomonas HN103 growing state figure at 30 DEG C in different cadmium concentration;
Fig. 2 is that interpolation pseudomonas HN103 and blank can reduce Cd
2+schwellenwert figure;
Fig. 3 A is the OD only adding pseudomonas HN103 and blank
600comparison diagram;
Fig. 3 B is that cadmium concentration reduces comparison diagram;
Fig. 4 A is that pseudomonas HN103 is at 15mg/L Hg
2+in growth figure
Fig. 4 B is that pseudomonas HN103 is at 500mg/L Zn
2+in growth figure;
Fig. 4 C is that pseudomonas HN103 is at 200mg/L Ni
2+in growth;
Fig. 4 D is that pseudomonas HN103 is at 400mg/L Cu
2+in growth;
Fig. 4 E is that pseudomonas HN103 is at 400mg/L Mn
2+in growth;
Fig. 5 is the design sketch that different microbial inoculum heats up to pig manure fermentation;
Fig. 6 is the effect diagram of subtilis Different adding amount to temperature rise effect;
Fig. 7 is the effect diagram of aspergillus niger Different adding amount to temperature rise effect;
Fig. 8 is the effect diagram of Trichodermareesei Different adding amount to temperature rise effect;
Fig. 9 is the effect diagram of yeast Different adding amount to temperature rise effect;
Figure 10 is the single factor analysis figure of pilot plant test;
Figure 11 is starter temperature rise effect test chart.
Embodiment
In order to explain the present invention better, illustrate main contents of the present invention further below in conjunction with specific embodiment, but content of the present invention is not only confined to following examples.
One, theoretical basis checking in the present invention
1. pseudomonas HN103 passivation research
The performance study of 1.1 pseudomonas HN103 passivation cadmiums
1.1.1 the upgrowth situation of pseudomonas HN103 under different cadmium concentration
As shown in Figure 1: at anti-Cd
2+in experiment, find that pseudomonas HN103 maximum Cadmium resistance concentration in LB liquid medium is 500mg/L.Along with Cd
2+increasing again of concentration, the lag period of thalline increases gradually, for time become large gradually, when reaching 1000gm/L, be obviously suppressed.
1.1.2 interpolation pseudomonas HN103 and blank can reduce Cd
2+schwellenwert
As shown in Figure 2: at pseudomonas HN103 to Cd
2+resistance lab scale test in, contact with physical environment, discovery work as Cd
2+concentration when being about 0.9mg/L, having added pseudomonas HN103 can by Cd
2+concentration be reduced to 0.572mg/L, and blank water sample Cd
2+concentration be reduced to 0.684mg/L, this illustrates in air that have can at lower concentration Cd
2+the bacterium grown under environment, and it is relatively better to have added pseudomonas HN103 effect.
1.1.3 in lab scale pseudomonas HN103 and blank for reducing Cd
2+the result of study of concentration
At Cd
2+when concentration is about 80mg/L, added pseudomonas HN103 than blank, growth wants many, OD
600reach 0.8, blank only has 0.62; Having added pseudomonas HN103 can by Cd
2+concentration is reduced to 16.48mg/L from 84.2mg/L, and clearance reaches 80.43%, and what does not add and only has 51.25% by means of the bacterium clearance in Laboratory air.
As from the foregoing, pseudomonas HN103 can by the Cd of 0.88mg/L
2+be reduced to 0.572mg/L, at Cd
2+when concentration is higher, can by Cd
2+concentration is reduced to 16.48mg/L from 84.2mg/L.
1.2 Inactivation experiments to other metals
The different Zn of table 1
2+the biomass of cell under concentration
The different Mn of table 2
2+under concentration cell maximum biomass
As shown in Fig. 4 and table 1 ~ 2: in the resistance to Journal of Sex Research of pseudomonas HN103 to other metals, find that its tolerance to different metal is different, to Hg
2+tolerance more weak, only have 15mg/L; To Ni
2+, thalline can grow under the metal concentration of 200mg/L; Cu
2+and Mn
2+concentration under 400mg/L time, thalline can grow; To Zn
2+can grow under 500mg/L.Illustrate that this bacterium may be able to grow in the metal environment of complexity.
Research shows; This bacterium can the multiple poisonous heavy metal of passivation preferably, and then heavy metal in soil is changed low toxicity or nontoxic form well.
2. the research of the best microbial inoculum combination of fermenting compound fungus
2.1 experiment materials and method
2.1.1 test strain
Subtilis Bacillus subtilis, yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Trichodermareesei Trichoderma reesei, aspergillus niger Aspergillus niger, above bacterial strain provides by state Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology.
2.1.2 feces of livestock and poultry
Cow dung is provided by Wuhan Rui Zeyuan biological environmental production Science and Technology Ltd..
2.1.3 different microbial inoculum is to the research of cattle manure temperature rise effect
Cow dung 170g and corn stalk powder 80g is loaded in Cans and mixes, regulate water content about 60%, sealing, 115 DEG C of sterilizing 15min, put into after naturally cooling after refrigerator makes its temperature drop to 8 DEG C and inoculate, access subtilis, aspergillus niger, Trichodermareesei and yeast respectively, inoculum size 4 ‰.Yeast with 40 DEG C of rehydration 15min, accesses after then cooling to 30 DEG C of activation 2h in 2% sucrose solution.Control group replaces with distilled water.Be placed in thermos cup to cultivate in 8 DEG C of refrigerators, record temperature every 12h.
2.1.4 function microbial inoculum Different adding amount is on the impact of cattle manure temperature rise effect
Prepare 28 Cans altogether.The in-built feces of livestock and poultry 170g of each Cans, corn stalk powder 80g, mixes, in 115 DEG C of sterilizing 15min after sealing.
Get wherein 1 ~ No. 7 bottle, respectively add aspergillus niger 1.0g, Trichodermareesei 1.0g, yeast 1.0g, then add genus bacillus 0g, 0.5g, 1.0g, 1.5g, 2.0g, 2.5g, 3.0g respectively.
Get wherein 8 ~ No. 14 bottles, respectively add genus bacillus 1.0g, Trichodermareesei 1.0g, yeast 1.0g, then add aspergillus niger 0g, 0.5g, 1.0g, 1.5g, 2.0g, 2.5g, 3.0g respectively.
Get wherein 15 ~ No. 21 bottles, respectively add aspergillus niger 1.0g, genus bacillus 1.0g, yeast 1.0g, then add Trichodermareesei 0g, 0.5g, 1.0g, 1.5g, 2.0g, 2.5g, 3.0g respectively.
Get wherein 22 ~ No. 28 bottles, respectively add aspergillus niger 1.0g, Trichodermareesei 1.0g, genus bacillus 1.0g, then add yeast 0g, 0.5g, 1.0g, 1.5g, 2.0g, 2.5g, 3.0g respectively.
28 Cans are put 8 DEG C of condition bottom fermentations in refrigerator, interval 12 hour record temperature, investigate function microbial inoculum Different adding amount to the impact of temperature rise effect.
2.1.5 different microbial inoculum is to the batch production proof test of cattle manure temperature rise effect
Batch production proof test is carried out in Wuhan Rui Zeyuan biological environmental production Science and Technology Ltd..With fresh cow dung for main raw material, add the auxiliary material of corn stalk powder as compost fermentation, regulate water content about 60%, adopt mechanical system mixing and turning.Pile high 1m, coniform.Start turning when temperature is elevated to more than 30 DEG C, 14:00 turning every day once.Compost amount is 1.0 tons, establishes 5 test group altogether, and add yeast, subtilis, the mould and aspergillus niger of wood respectively, inoculum size 1 ‰, control group corn stalk powder replaces microbial inoculum.Turning pre-test heap temperature, 15cm temperature under measuring top layer every 24 hours, gets in the middle part of the every limit of taper compost and 5, top mensuration respectively.Sample when compost initial sum stops, sampling spot is 25cm under top layer, and be respectively in the middle part of the every limit of taper compost and top 5 point, about sample size 200g, is stored in 4 DEG C of refrigerators and preserves.When stopping fermentation without during obvious stench.
2.1.6 the batch production proof test of best microbial inoculum combination
With the fresh cow dung of Wuhan Rui Zeyuan biological environmental production Science and Technology Ltd. for main raw material, interpolation corn stalk powder is auxiliary material, regulates water content about 60%, adopts mechanical system mixing, artificial turning.Compost amount 0.5 ton/heap, establishes 4 process altogether, and 2 repetitions, are respectively: A group is the agent of inoculation best microbial inoculum combined fermentation; B group is blank; C group is the average formula, fermenting agent of inoculation; D group is the unleavened starter of inoculation.Concrete formula is as table 1.Pile high 0.5m, coniform.Start turning when temperature is elevated to more than 30 DEG C, once, inoculum size 1 ‰, control group corn stalk powder replaces microbial inoculum in 14:00 turning every day.
The compliance test result test design of the best microbial inoculum combination of table 3
2.1.7 the mensuration of rate of emergence
Get 10g composting test sample in the triangular flask of the preparation of sample leach liquor: 150mL, add the distilled water of 90mL, add about 10 ~ 20 granulated glass spherees, the shaking table of 120r/min shakes 30min, precipitation 30min, gets supernatant liquor.
Cultivate Chinese cabbage seed: layer overlay filter paper in clean culture dish, filter paper size and plate size match.Inject the sample leach liquor of 5mL in plate, make filter paper fully moistening.Then the Chinese cabbage seed that uniform placement 10 particles are complete on filter paper, puts into after 3d cultivated by 25 DEG C of incubator casees and takes out detection.Distilled water is adopted to replace sample leach liquor as a control group.
The mensuration of seed germination index: use ruler to measure respectively and root after recording seed germination is long and stem is long, and record the seed number not having germination.Calculation formula: seed germination index GI (Germination Index)=(vat liquor rate of emergence × germination root is long)/(blank solution rate of emergence × germination root is long) × 100%.
2.1.8 the mensuration of water content
Glass dish 105 DEG C is dried 0.5h, recording quality m after cooling
0.Get testing sample about 10g to add in the glass dish of above-mentioned oven dry, weigh m
1.Dry 4h ~ 6h at 105 DEG C and weigh m
2.Water content is according to following formulae discovery: W=(m
1-m
2)/(m
1-m
0) × 100%.
2.2 results and analysis
2.2.1 different microbial inoculum is studied the lab scale of cattle manure temperature rise effect
In 4 kinds of function microbial inoculums for examination, be genus bacillus, aspergillus niger, mould, the yeast of wood successively to the order of cattle manure temperature rise effect.
As can be seen from Figure 5, temperature rise effect is it is preferred that subtilis, and intensification can reach 5 DEG C, may be because gemma produces a large amount of biological heat when sprouting, system is rapidly heated, and yeast activity at 8 DEG C is not high, little with the intensification difference of blank.
2.2.2 subtilis Different adding amount effect that compost is heated up
Subtilis, in the process of solid fermentation, produces a large amount of gemma.Gemma is sprouted under optimum conditions, can produce a large amount of heats and system is heated up.And subtilis can produce a large amount of proteolytic enzyme and amylase, decompose the crude protein in cow dung and starch.
As can be seen from Figure 6, when in Hybrid NC machine tool, the addition of genus bacillus is 1.5g, the activity of starter performance is the strongest.
2.2.3 aspergillus niger Different adding amount effect that compost is heated up
Aspergillus niger belongs to mould, and produce at solid fermentation in the process of aspergillus niger microbial inoculum and form a large amount of black spore, spore is sprouted under optimal temperature and humidity condition.The auxiliary material straw powder added in test materials contains and is difficult to by the Mierocrystalline cellulose of the microbial decomposition of other type and utilization and hemicellulose in a large number, but can be used as aspergillus niger spore and sprouts and the carbon source material of mycelial growth.Aspergillus niger produces a large amount of heat in the process utilizing Mierocrystalline cellulose and hemicellulose in supplementary material.
As can be seen from Figure 7, when adding 1.0g aspergillus niger in mixed bacterium, the activity of starter performance is the strongest.
2.2.4 Trichodermareesei Different adding amount effect that compost is heated up
As can be seen from Figure 8, in mixed bacterium, the mould optimal dose of wood is 1.5g, and when namely interpolation 1.5g wood is mould, the activity of starter performance is the strongest.Testing Trichodermareesei used is cellulase high-yield, containing a large amount of cellulase in the microbial inoculum of solid fermentation, can decompose Mierocrystalline cellulose in supplementary material as carbon source.
2.2.5 yeast Different adding amount effect that compost is heated up
As can be seen from Figure 9, the addition of yeast and intensification relation not quite, demonstrate the result of single factor experiment: the interpolation of yeast is not obvious to compost temperature rise effect further.Test used yeast is high temperature modification yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae.General yeast can only utilize monose or oligose as carbon source, and can not utilize starch.The content recording reducing sugar in test cow dung used is 2.413mg/g, can not provide enough carbon sources for the growth of yeast, so heat up slowly.
Comprehensively above-mentioned experiment of single factor result is known, and in cow dung compost, the optimum proportion of four kinds of test strains is subtilis: aspergillus niger: wood mould=3:2:3.
2.2.6 different microbial inoculum is to the batch production pilot-scale experiment of cattle manure temperature rise effect
In compost, the optimum temperuture of thermophilic microorganism is 55 DEG C ~ 60 DEG C, can degrade in a large number at this temperature organic matter and fast decoupled Mierocrystalline cellulose.The too high temperature of compost can consume organic matter fast, reduces the quality of composting production.But temperature is too low is also unfavorable for becoming thoroughly decomposed of compost, the activity of the microorganism in compost about 40 DEG C time only has about 2/3 of optimum temperuture, and this can make objectionable impurities decompose slowly, compost time lengthening, and is unfavorable for becoming thoroughly decomposed of compost.So while raising compost temperature, adopt the mode of turning ventilate to compost and lower the temperature, make its temperature at 55 DEG C ~ 60 DEG C, reach the highest biological degradation activity.
As seen from Figure 10, compost starts in one day, and each group temperature rise effect difference is little.But the test group temperature of adding microbial inoculum for a day is accelerated to rise, and the blank group intensification not adding any microbial inoculum continues mild later.Further, add aspergillus niger and wood is mould the most obvious to temperature rise effect, aspergillus niger in early days temperature rise effect is remarkable, and adds that wood is mould has obvious accelerated warming effect in the intensification middle and later periods.This may owing to there being the spore do not sprouted in a large number in aspergillus niger and trichoderma, spore is sprouted generation heat and caused the acceleration that heats up in compositing system.In test, subtilis temperature rise effect is lower than other three kinds of microbial inoculums, and the result of this and laboratory lab scale there are differences.They may be because the starting temperature of lab scale is 8 DEG C, and the starting temperature of pilot scale be at 14 DEG C, is now more beneficial to the sprouting of fungal spore, thus makes aspergillus niger and the mould temperature rise effect of wood be better than subtilis.Yeast has also embodied certain activity in temperature-rise period, may be because starch etc. is decomposed into monose or oligose, as the carbon source of yeast growth by the indigenous microorganism in compost.
2.2.7 the compliance test result of best microbial inoculum combination
4 kinds of starter proportionings to the temperature rise effect test of compost as shown in figure 11, in A group after best microbial inoculum combination, can reach the high temperature of 60 DEG C, and B, C, D tri-groups all reached 60 DEG C of high temperature at the 4th day in second day temperature of compost.Use the fermentation Inoculant of optimization of C/C composites can shorten the heating-up time at compost initial stage as can be seen here, make compost enter the pliotherm period fast.
Up to the present scholars propose the index of multiple evaluation compost maturity from the physics of compost, chemistry, biology change.With the effective ways that the phytotoxicity of biology method measuring compost is inspection compost maturity.Germination index (GI) whether produces to plant germination the index that restraining effect evaluates compost hazard-free degree by inspection compost, and it not only can detect the phytotoxic level of compost sample, and can predict the phytotoxic change of compost.
Fertilizer is applied to crop production.Seed germination index, as biological indicator, very objectively can reflect the application security of composting production, is reliable Indexes of Maturity Evaluation.There is investigator to think, in test, if GI>50%, show that compost has become thoroughly decomposed and reached acceptable degree, namely substantially there is no toxicity.The seed germination index of this test pilot product is in table 2.
The germination index of the compliance test result test of the best microbial inoculum combination of table 4 measures
Test-results shows, and the seed germination index of all experimental group is all greater than 50%, substantially becomes thoroughly decomposed.A group (inoculating the combination of best microbial inoculum) seed germination index 88.9%, becomes thoroughly decomposed the most complete, substantially eliminates the restraining effect owing to becoming thoroughly decomposed not exclusively to plant germination.This is because A group quick heating, time pliotherm period is relatively long, becomes thoroughly decomposed more complete.So the maturation of fermentation Inoculant to compost of adding optimization of C/C composites serves good promoter action.In actual production, can the production time be shortened, reduce production cost, improve compost utilization of area rate, reduce the construction cost of dung yard.
Have studied yeast, subtilis, the mould promoter action of cow dung compost being fermented with aspergillus niger four kinds of microorganisms of wood respectively, and inquire into the interaction of several microorganism when compost fermentation, obtain one group of high-effective microorganism combination that cow dung compost can be made to be rapidly heated become thoroughly decomposed simultaneously.Test-results shows, and the proportioning of this high-effective microorganism combination is subtilis: aspergillus niger: Trichodermareesei=3:2:3, yeast role in temperature-rise period is not obvious.Pilot-scale experiment shows, and uses this antimicrobial composition, compost can be made to become thoroughly decomposed at about 10 days, and make the seed germination index of cow dung compost product improve 21.7% respectively.
Embodiment 1
The preparation method of grape environment-friendly fertilizer, comprises the following steps:
1) the pseudomonas HN103 of the fertilizer of 75 parts, the inorganic fertilizer of 15 parts, the trace element of 10 parts, the fermenting compound fungus of 0.5 part, the enzymatic microorganism of 1 part, the humic acids of 6 parts, the amino acid of 5 parts and 2 parts is taken by above-mentioned ratio of weight and number;
Subtilis, yeast, aspergillus niger and Trichodermareesei weight ratio are 2 ︰ 2 ︰ 1 ︰ 1; Weight ratio 10 ︰ 1 ︰ 1 of cow dung in fertilizer, wheat bran and soya-bean cake; In inorganic fertilizer, the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1 ︰ 1 ︰ 1; In trace element, the weight ratio of calcium, magnesium, sulphur, boron, zinc, selenium and molybdenum is 2 ︰ 2 ︰ 1 ︰ 5 ︰ 2 ︰ 7 ︰ 4;
2) fermenting compound fungus is mixed by weight 1 ︰ 5 with water, obtain dilution bacterium liquid;
3) by step 2) in dilution bacterium liquid add fertilizer, mix, pile up in heaps, circulation upset, ferment 10 ~ 15 days, state of substantially becoming thoroughly decomposed can be reached, obtain one grade fermemtation thing;
4) to step 3) in add enzymatic microorganism in the one grade fermemtation thing that obtains, fermentation is to becoming thoroughly decomposed completely, and cryodrying, pulverizes and obtain second order fermentation thing;
5) to step 4) in add inorganic fertilizer, trace element, humic acids, amino acid and pseudomonas in second order fermentation thing, mix granulation balling-up, sorting obtains grape environment-friendly fertilizer.
Embodiment 2
The preparation method of grape environment-friendly fertilizer, comprises the following steps:
1) the pseudomonas HN103 of the fertilizer of 85 parts, the inorganic fertilizer of 5 parts, the trace element of 3 parts, the fermenting compound fungus of 0.1 part, the enzymatic microorganism of 1 part, the humic acids of 2 parts, the amino acid of 1 part and 2 parts is taken by above-mentioned ratio of weight and number;
Subtilis, yeast, aspergillus niger and Trichodermareesei weight ratio are 2 ︰ 4 ︰ 2 ︰ 2; Weight ratio 10 ︰ 3 ︰ 3 of cow dung in fertilizer, wheat bran and soya-bean cake; In inorganic fertilizer, the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 2 ︰ 1 ︰ 1; In trace element, the weight ratio of calcium, magnesium, sulphur, boron, zinc, selenium and molybdenum is 2 ︰ 1 ︰ 0.5 ︰ 3 ︰ 1 ︰ 9 ︰ 1;
2) fermenting compound fungus is mixed by weight 1 ︰ 50 with water, obtain dilution bacterium liquid;
3) by step 2) in dilution bacterium liquid add fertilizer, mix, pile up in heaps, circulation upset, ferment 10 ~ 15 days, state of substantially becoming thoroughly decomposed can be reached, obtain one grade fermemtation thing;
4) to step 3) in add enzymatic microorganism in the one grade fermemtation thing that obtains, fermentation is to becoming thoroughly decomposed completely, and cryodrying, pulverizes and obtain second order fermentation thing;
5) to step 4) in add inorganic fertilizer, trace element, humic acids, amino acid and pseudomonas in second order fermentation thing, mix granulation balling-up, sorting obtains grape environment-friendly fertilizer.
Embodiment 3
The preparation method of grape environment-friendly fertilizer, comprises the following steps:
1) the pseudomonas HN103 of the fertilizer of 70 parts, the inorganic fertilizer of 10 parts, the trace element of 7 parts, the fermenting compound fungus of 0.3 part, the enzymatic microorganism of 2 parts, the humic acids of 5 parts, the amino acid of 4 parts and 2 parts is taken by above-mentioned ratio of weight and number;
The weight ratio of subtilis, aspergillus niger and Trichodermareesei is 3 ︰ 2 ︰ 3; Weight ratio 10 ︰ 2 ︰ 2 of cow dung in fertilizer, wheat bran and soya-bean cake; In inorganic fertilizer, the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1 ︰ 1 ︰ 1; In trace element, the weight ratio of calcium, magnesium, sulphur, boron, zinc, selenium and molybdenum is 2 ︰ 2 ︰ 0.8 ︰ 4 ︰ 1 ︰ 8 ︰ 3;
2) fermenting compound fungus is mixed by weight 1 ︰ 50 with water, obtain dilution bacterium liquid;
3) by step 2) in dilution bacterium liquid add fertilizer, mix, pile up in heaps, circulation upset, ferment 10 ~ 15 days, state of substantially becoming thoroughly decomposed can be reached, obtain one grade fermemtation thing;
4) to step 3) in add enzymatic microorganism in the one grade fermemtation thing that obtains, fermentation is to becoming thoroughly decomposed completely, and cryodrying, pulverizes and obtain second order fermentation thing;
5) to step 4) in add inorganic fertilizer, trace element, humic acids, amino acid and pseudomonas in second order fermentation thing, mix granulation balling-up, sorting obtains grape environment-friendly fertilizer.
Two, embodiment 3 prepares grape environment-friendly fertilizer and carries out field experiment
1, materials and methods
1.1 test site; Pan Tang Shu Ci village, Xinzhou District.
1.2 for examination soil
Experimental field soil belongs to moisture soil field, middle fertility.Soil physical chemistry basic configuration is as follows: pH6.35 (water extraction), organic 24.1g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 142mg/kg, available phosphorus 10.8mg/kg, available potassium 84mg/kg, Cd 0.34mg/kg, Pb 7.04mg/kg, As 1.38mg/kg Hg 0.51mg/kg.
Soil testing method: organic-heavy complex acid potassium capacity method, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen-1N sodium hydroxide diffusion process, the lixiviate of rapid available phosphorus-0.5M sodium bicarbonate, molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method, the lixiviate of available potassium-1N ammonium acetate, flame photometry, pH value-potentiometry, lead, arsenic, cadmium, mercury-flame photometry
1.3 for examination fertilizer
In grape environment-friendly fertilizer (pulvis, N, P, K content >=5%, organic >=50%, living bacteria count >=100,000,000/gram, oligochitosan content >=0.1%, pH 7.1)
1.4 for studying thing
Grape
1.5 test method
Adopt random district to arrange, establish 4 process altogether, repeat for four times, Ji15Ge community, plot area 20m
2.Process as follows:
Process 1: conventional fertilizer application+dispenser 2 times
Process 2: conventional fertilizer application+equivalent fine sand (200kg/667m
2)+dispenser 2 times
Process 3: conventional fertilizer application+grape environment-friendly fertilizer (200kg/667m
2)+dispenser 2 times
Process 4: conventional fertilizer application+grape environment-friendly fertilizer (200kg/667m
2)+dispenser 1 time
Grape environment-friendly fertilizer base before grape is transplanted is executed, and equivalent fine sand consumption is identical.
1.6 cultivation management
Conventional fertilizer application is that early rice formula fertilizer (total nutrient 25%, 12-6-7) executed by every mu of base, and period of seedling establishment chases after urea 5kg., consumption is that macroelement water-soluble fertilizer 6g is watered 1.8kg.Process 2 spray equivalent clear water.Other field management are identical.Early rice was transplanted April 25, every mu of 1.8 ten thousand caves, and May 6 imposed urea, and July 22 gathered in.
2, results and analysis
2.1 volume analyses and discussion
Sampling species test on July 20, every community gets 5 caves at random.Process 3 increases production 22kg/667m than process 2
2, amplification is 5.74%, and between process, difference reaches conspicuous level; Process 4 output a little less than process 3, but difference is not remarkable, does not reach 0.05 level.
Test shows to use grape environment-friendly fertilizer, the intrinsic certain production-increasing function of every strain; Process 3 shows with the test-results of process 4, reduces by 1 dispenser not obvious on vintage impact, illustrates that grape environment-friendly fertilizer has the ability of certain disease and insect resistance.
2.2 grape Analysis of Heavy Metal and discussion
After planting experiment terminates, Pb, As, Cd, Hg available heavy metal content in soil after different treatment is detected, from process 1, the heavy metal contaminants in soil meets the secondary standard in Soil-environmental standard GB15618-1995, meets the soil limits value safeguarding HUMAN HEALTH; Process 3,4, compared with process 1, after using grape environment-friendly fertilizer, can reduce Pb content 8-9% in soil, reduces Cd content 8.8% in soil, not obvious to As and Hg effect.
This test also detects Pb, As, Cd, Hg heavy metal content in grape under different treatment, and test finds that the grape of each treatment group does not all exceed but respectively processes Pb, As and Cd and is all in higher level, there is the risk exceeded standard; Test also finds, after using grape environment-friendly fertilizer, can reduce Pb and Cd content about 12% in grape, not obvious to As and Hg effect.
Grape environment-friendly fertilizer, has obvious production-increasing function to grape.Every 667m
2volume increase 22kg, stimulation ratio 5.74%.
Other unspecified part is prior art.Although above-described embodiment is to invention has been detailed description; but it is only the present invention's part embodiment; instead of whole embodiment, people can also obtain other embodiments according to the present embodiment under without creative prerequisite, and these embodiments all belong to scope.
Claims (7)
1. a grape environment-friendly fertilizer, is characterized in that: described environment-friendly fertilizer is made up of the pseudomonas HN103 of the fertilizer of 75 ~ 85 parts, the inorganic fertilizer of 5 ~ 15 parts, the trace element of 3 ~ 10 parts, the fermenting compound fungus of 0.1 ~ 0.5 part, the enzymatic microorganism of 1 ~ 2 part, the humic acids of 2 ~ 6 parts, the amino acid of 1 ~ 5 part and 1 ~ 2 part by the ratio of weight and number of raw material.
2. grape environment-friendly fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described fermenting compound fungus is the mixed bacterium of subtilis, yeast, Trichodermareesei and aspergillus niger, wherein, described subtilis, yeast, aspergillus niger and Trichodermareesei weight ratio are 2 ︰ 0 ~ 4 ︰ 1 ~ 2 ︰ 1 ~ 2.
3. grape environment-friendly fertilizer according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: fermenting compound fungus is the mixed bacterium of subtilis, yeast, Trichodermareesei and aspergillus niger, wherein, the weight ratio of described subtilis, aspergillus niger and Trichodermareesei is 3 ︰ 2 ︰ 3.
4. grape environment-friendly fertilizer according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described fertilizer is the mixture of fowl and animal excrement, wheat bran and soya-bean cake, wherein, described fowl and animal excrement be in cow dung, pig manure and pig manure any one or a few, weight ratio 10 ︰ 1 ~ 3 ︰ 1 ~ 3 of fowl and animal excrement, wheat bran and soya-bean cake in described fertilizer.
5. grape environment-friendly fertilizer according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described inorganic fertilizer is that the mixing of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is fertile, and in described inorganic fertilizer, the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 2 ︰ 1 ~ 2 ︰ 1 ~ 2.
6. grape environment-friendly fertilizer according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described trace element comprises calcium, magnesium, sulphur, boron, zinc, selenium and molybdenum, wherein, the weight ratio of calcium, magnesium, sulphur, boron, zinc, selenium and molybdenum is 2 ︰ 1 ~ 3 ︰ 0.5 ~ 1 ︰ 3 ~ 5 ︰ 1 ~ 2 ︰ 7 ~ 9 ︰ 1 ~ 4.
7. a grape environment-friendly fertilizer preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
1) fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, trace element, fermenting compound fungus, enzymatic microorganism, humic acids, oligochitosan and biological bacteria is taken by above-mentioned ratio of weight and number;
2) fermenting compound fungus is mixed by weight 1 ︰ 5 ~ 50 with water, obtain dilution bacterium liquid;
3) by step 2) in dilution bacterium liquid add in fertilizer, mix, pile up in heaps, circulation upset, ferment 10 ~ 15 days, state of substantially becoming thoroughly decomposed can be reached, obtain one grade fermemtation thing;
4) to step 3) in add enzymatic microorganism in the one grade fermemtation thing that obtains, fermentation is to becoming thoroughly decomposed completely, and cryodrying, pulverizes and obtain second order fermentation thing;
5) to step 4) in add inorganic fertilizer, trace element, humic acids, oligochitosan and biological bacteria in second order fermentation thing, mix granulation balling-up, sorting obtains grape environment-friendly fertilizer.
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| CN105175069A (en) * | 2015-09-01 | 2015-12-23 | 福建省春天园林工程有限公司 | Soil improving microbial fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN105237232A (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2016-01-13 | 北京德瑞丰农业科技有限责任公司 | Method for preparing ecological organic fertilizer by utilizing enzyme microorganisms for fermenting waste bacteria sticks |
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| CN105175069A (en) * | 2015-09-01 | 2015-12-23 | 福建省春天园林工程有限公司 | Soil improving microbial fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN105237232A (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2016-01-13 | 北京德瑞丰农业科技有限责任公司 | Method for preparing ecological organic fertilizer by utilizing enzyme microorganisms for fermenting waste bacteria sticks |
| CN105439704A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-03-30 | 四川宏塔生物有机肥有限公司 | Fertilizer for grapes |
| CN105347973A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-02-24 | 黑龙江省达丰科技开发有限责任公司 | Fertilizer for improving nutrient uptake and production method thereof |
| CN106977348A (en) * | 2016-01-17 | 2017-07-25 | 廖鹏 | Efficient renovation agent of heavy metal-polluted soil and preparation method thereof |
| CN105948980A (en) * | 2016-05-04 | 2016-09-21 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院葡萄与葡萄酒研究所 | Special fertilizer for grapes |
| CN105732166A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-07-06 | 许祚员 | High-efficiency bio-organic fertilizer applicable to grape and preparation method of high-efficiency bio-organic fertilizer |
| CN106242701A (en) * | 2016-08-28 | 2016-12-21 | 铜仁市万山区山地葡萄科技有限公司 | A kind of special selenium-enriched organic fertilizer of Fructus Vitis viniferae and preparation technology thereof |
| CN107098742A (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2017-08-29 | 西双版纳鑫邦农业科技有限公司 | It is a kind of for fertilizer of pineapple cultivation and preparation method thereof |
| CN107056495A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-08-18 | 铜仁市万山区山地刺葡萄农业有限公司 | A kind of grape special fertilizer material and preparation method thereof |
| CN107641034A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-01-30 | 广西小草信息产业有限责任公司 | A kind of tomato environment-friendly fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN109867555A (en) * | 2017-12-02 | 2019-06-11 | 徐州市贾汪区羡人工贸有限公司 | A kind of high fertility biomass fertilizers and preparation method thereof |
| CN107721775A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-02-23 | 佛山早稻田科技服务有限公司 | A kind of environment-friendly fertilizer |
| CN107935738A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-04-20 | 郴州市通源生物科技有限公司 | It is a kind of to prevent fruit tree fallen flowers, the solid fertilizer of shedding |
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