CN104210547A - Linear translation type front suspension system integrated with steering and driving functions - Google Patents
Linear translation type front suspension system integrated with steering and driving functions Download PDFInfo
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- CN104210547A CN104210547A CN201410437690.7A CN201410437690A CN104210547A CN 104210547 A CN104210547 A CN 104210547A CN 201410437690 A CN201410437690 A CN 201410437690A CN 104210547 A CN104210547 A CN 104210547A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G3/00—Resilient suspensions for a single wheel
- B60G3/18—Resilient suspensions for a single wheel with two or more pivoted arms, e.g. parallelogram
- B60G3/20—Resilient suspensions for a single wheel with two or more pivoted arms, e.g. parallelogram all arms being rigid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D7/00—Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings
- B62D7/18—Steering knuckles; King pins
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a linear translation type front suspension system integrated with steering and driving functions. The linear translation type front suspension system mainly comprises two upper suspension guide mechanisms and two lower suspension guide mechanisms which have linear guide functions, an upper connection seat, a lower connection seat, a steering joint, a reinforcement piece, an upper ball head pair, a lower ball head pair and a spring shock absorber, wherein the connection seat is fixedly connected with the lower connection seat through the reinforcement piece; the upper connection seat is connected with the two upper suspension guide mechanisms; the upper connection seat is connected with a shock absorber mounting seat; the lower connection seat is connected with the two lower suspension guide mechanisms. The linear translation type front suspension system has the beneficial effects that application of a multi-connection-rod linear translation type suspension to a front axle of a vehicle is realized; when the vehicle is under the working conditions of driving, steering, braking and the like, the guide mechanisms of the linear translation type suspension still enable wheels to skip only along a straight line, and positioning parameters of the wheels are basically kept unchanged, so that the wheels are enabled to be perpendicular to the ground as much as possible, and impact loads, caused by an uneven pavement, on the wheels in all directions are reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to front overhang frame system, or rather, is a kind of integrated rectilinear translation formula front suspension system turning to and drive function.
Background technology
Suspension be ensure wheel or have between vehicle bridge and automobile bearing system (vehicle frame or self-supporting body) elasticity contact also can transmitted load, relax impact, the general name of damped vibration and the vehicles relative assembly such as vehicle body position in the process of moving.General suspension primarily of elastic element, shock absorption device and guiding mechanism three part composition.Wherein the function of guiding mechanism guarantees force and moment reliable delivery all between wheel and vehicle body or vehicle frame, and determine the placement property of wheel relative to vehicle body or vehicle frame.Path of motion when guiding mechanism determines wheel bounce and the situation of change of wheel alignment parameter, and the position at roll center and trim center before and after automobile, have impact on the road-holding property of car load and anti-trim ability to a great extent.
Traditional front suspension system, all with turning function, can also mate with drive system for forerunner's vehicle.Different according to suspension frame structure shape, current most widely used front suspension system mainly comprises McPherson suspension, double wishbone suspension and dependent formula Leaf Spring Suspension.Although the suspension of current routine functionally can both meet suspension design requirement, when wheel bounce, wheel alignment parameter all can change.In actual applications, the change of any positional parameter of wheel all can have a negative impact to vehicle handling stability or other aspect performances, the change of such as wheelspan can cause automobile straight line driveability to decline, and also causes rolling resistance increase and the impact on steering swivel system simultaneously; The change of camber angle can cause the inordinate wear of tire.
How can ensure that the positional parameter of wheel during wheel bounce can not change is a Focal point and difficult point in independent suspension structure innovative design.Some investigators once proposed several suspension with linear guiding function, see [1. Zhao Jingshan mountain, Chu Fulei. vertical translation type spacing multi-connecting-rod separated suspension [P]. Chinese patent: 200610113114.2, 2007-2-28.] [2. Zhao Jingshan mountain, Zhao Sheng, Feng respects, Chu Fulei. a kind of independent rear suspension [P] that can keep wheel alignment parameter constant. Chinese patent: 200910001094.3, 2009-7-8.] [3. outstanding person, Zhao Jingshan, money holt, Liu Xiang, Qiu Baoxiang, Feng respects. a kind of multi link rectilinear translation formula suspension [P] adopting ball spline pair. and Chinese patent: 201210125268.9, 20012-4-25.] [4. provide holt, Zhao Jingshan, Zhang Jie, Liu Xiang, Qiu Baoxiang, Feng respects. a kind of multi link linear guiding formula independent suspension [P] with 3-RRR flexible compensation mechanism. and Chinese patent: 201110215816.2, 2011-7-29.].
But, the rectilinear translation formula suspension frame structure that some above-mentioned patents propose can only be applied to automobile hind axle suspension system, namely play merely the effect of supporting bridge, can not realize with the assembling turned to drive system integrated, thus the front suspension system of vehicle cannot be applied to.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the deficiency overcoming prior art existence, and a kind of integrated rectilinear translation formula front suspension system turning to and drive function is provided, this structure can be assembled with steering track rod, and by the steering swivel attaching parts assembly with two ball ends, realizes the function of front-wheel steering; Steering swivel can assemble with hub-bearing unit simultaneously, and then installs constant velocity driving shaft, realizes the driving function of front-wheel.This suspension system can make wheel alignment parameter, such as toeing-in, camber angle, Kingpin inclination angle, kingpin caster angle and wheelspan, wheelbase etc., in wheel bounce process, remain constant.The kinematics characteristic of this suspension is determined by the configuration of suspension guide mechanism, so the kinematics characteristic of this suspension is insensitive to hard spot parameter, the arrangement form of suspension is various, can be applied to the front suspension system of different automobile types.
The object of the invention is to have come by following technical solution.This integrated rectilinear translation formula front suspension system turning to and drive function, mainly comprise two upper suspension guide mechanisms and two lower suspension guiding mechanisms, upper connecting base, lower connecting base, steering swivel, reinforcement, secondary, the lower bulb pair of upper bulb and spring dampers with linear guiding function, described two upper suspension guide mechanisms and two lower suspension guiding mechanisms are a kind of parallel institution of Planar Mechanisms, this mechanism only has a translation freedoms, for realizing the guiding of wheel bounce; Upper connecting base is fixedly connected with lower connecting base by reinforcement, and upper connecting base is connected with two upper suspension guide mechanisms, and upper connecting base is connected with bumper mount pad, and lower connecting base is connected with two lower suspension guiding mechanisms; Reinforcement is provided with bulb mounting hole, lower bulb mounting hole, drg mounting hole, steering track rod mounting hole and hub mounting hole, upper connecting base is provided with bulb pair and is arranged in bulb mounting hole, and lower connecting base is provided with lower bulb pair and is arranged in lower bulb mounting hole; Described steering swivel is linked by upper bulb pair with two upper suspension guide mechanisms, and described steering swivel is linked by lower bulb pair with two lower suspension guiding mechanisms, and upper bulb is secondary and the installation axis collinear of lower bulb pair, and this axis is kingpin axis; The swing arm of steering swivel is linked by steering track rod mounting hole with steering track rod, steering track rod and then link with rack and pinion steering gear, drives steering swivel to rotate realize wheel steering by steering track rod; Steering swivel is provided with drg by drg mounting hole; Steering swivel is provided with hub by hub mounting hole, and hub one end links with wheel, and the other end links with axle drive shaft, realizes wheel drive by axle drive shaft; Described spring damper one end is linked with upper suspension guide mechanism by bumper mount pad, and the other end links with vehicle body, for realizing automobile shock-avoiding and decay body vibrations.
Described two upper suspension guide mechanisms and two lower suspension guiding mechanisms are upper and lower Liang Ge 2-RPR mechanism, and R represents revolute pair, and P represents moving sets, and 2 represent two RPR kinematic links; Described 2-RPR mechanism, its degree of freedom is a translation freedoms, and the angle of two determined planes of RPR kinematic link is 90 °; Two upper suspension guide mechanisms and two lower suspension guiding mechanisms comprise each two RPR kinematic links, two turns auxiliary shaft line parallels in described each PRP kinematic link, and perpendicular to moving sets axis; Cross described moving sets axis, and be called perpendicular to the plane of described revolute pair axis the plane that RPR kinematic link is determined; Article 4, determined 4 planes of RPR kinematic link, their intersection is parallel to each other or overlaps.
Described upper suspension guide mechanism and lower suspension guiding mechanism comprise outer link, inboard Sinks, dust boot, ball, retainer and oil sealing, and inboard Sinks is arranged in outer link, and retainer is provided with ball, and outer link is provided with dust boot.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: first, the present invention proposes a kind of brand-new rectilinear translation formula front suspension system, the maximum difference of the more traditional front suspension system of this front suspension system is that its guiding mechanism has linear guiding function, bear uneven road surface to wheel respectively to impact while, wheel alignment parameter can be kept in theory substantially constant, and then improve road-holding property and the riding comfort of car load.Secondly, front suspension system can be united with traditional Pinion-and-rack steering system, brake system, drive system are carried out mating integrated, be the expansion to existing rectilinear translation formula rear suspension patent of invention, improve the field of application of rectilinear translation formula suspension guide mechanism further.Moreover, the kinematics characteristic of this front suspension system is relevant to the configuration of suspension fork mechanism, insensitive to the hard spot parameter of suspension, only needs to ensure that the intersection of determined four planes of suspension side chain is parallel or overlap, the arrangement of suspension system is more flexible, goes for different vehicles.Therefore this suspension system is the important breakthrough to prior art, compared with the front suspension system such as traditional MacPherson type, double wish-bone arm type, have that wheel alignment parameter constant, wear on tyres are less, suspension arrangement flexible form and insensitive to hard spot parameter, to improve automobile road-holding property and riding comfort, the advantage such as applied widely.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is suspension guide mechanism assembly schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is steering swivel schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is the structure cross-sectional schematic of upper suspension guide mechanism;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of upper suspension guide mechanism;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of lower suspension guiding mechanism;
Fig. 7 is 2-RRR kinematics of mechanism schematic diagram.
Label in accompanying drawing is respectively: spring damper 1, steering swivel 2, upper bulb mounting hole 2-1, lower bulb mounting hole 2-2, drg 3, upper suspension guide mechanism 4, upper connecting base 5, lower suspension guiding mechanism 6, lower connecting base 7, reinforcement 8, steering track rod 9, axle drive shaft 10, vehicle body 11, rack and pinion steering gear 12, upper bulb pair 13, lower bulb pair 14, drg mounting hole 15, steering track rod mounting hole 16, hub mounting hole 17, bumper mount pad 18, outer link 19, inboard Sinks 20, dust boot 21, ball 22, retainer 23, oil sealing 24.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention will be further described:
As shown in the figure, this integrated rectilinear translation formula front suspension system turning to and drive function, mainly comprise two upper suspension guide mechanisms 4 and two lower suspension guiding mechanisms 6 with linear guiding function, upper connecting base 5, lower connecting base 7, steering swivel 2, reinforcement 8, upper bulb pair 13, lower bulb secondary 14 and spring damper 1, described two upper suspension guide mechanisms 4 and two lower suspension guiding mechanisms 6 are a kind of parallel institution of Planar Mechanisms, this mechanism only has a translation freedoms, for realizing the guiding of wheel bounce, realize wheel only linearly to beat, and bear uneven road surface to wheel respectively to impact.Upper connecting base 5 is fixedly connected with lower connecting base 7 by reinforcement 8, be connected and fixed by a reinforcement 8, form an integrated member, this structure design mode can increase the integral rigidity of suspension system, improve the load-carrying capacity of suspension system, reduce because suspension fork mechanism is out of shape the wheel alignment parameter variable quantity caused.Upper connecting base 5 is connected with two upper suspension guide mechanisms 4, and upper connecting base 5 is connected with bumper mount pad 18, and lower connecting base 7 is connected with two lower suspension guiding mechanisms 6; Reinforcement 2 is provided with bulb mounting hole 2-1, lower bulb mounting hole 2-2, drg mounting hole 15, steering track rod mounting hole 16 and hub mounting hole 17, upper connecting base 5 is provided with bulb secondary 13 and is arranged in bulb mounting hole 2-1, and lower connecting base 7 is provided with lower bulb secondary 14 and is arranged in lower bulb mounting hole 2-2; Described steering swivel 2 is linked by upper bulb secondary 13 with two upper suspension guide mechanisms 4, described steering swivel 2 is linked by lower bulb secondary 14 with two lower suspension guiding mechanisms 6, and the installation axis collinear of upper bulb secondary 13 and lower bulb pair 14, this axis is kingpin axis; The swing arm of steering swivel 2 is linked by steering track rod mounting hole 16 with steering track rod 9, steering track rod 9 and then link with rack and pinion steering gear 12, drives steering swivel 2 to rotate realize wheel steering function by steering track rod 9; Steering swivel 2 is provided with drg 3 by drg mounting hole 15; Steering swivel 2 is provided with hub by hub mounting hole 17, and hub one end links with wheel, and the other end links with axle drive shaft 10, realizes wheel drive by axle drive shaft 10; Described spring damper 1 one end is linked by bumper mount pad 18 and upper suspension guide mechanism 4, and the other end links with vehicle body 11, for realizing automobile shock-avoiding and decay body vibrations.
Described two upper suspension guide mechanisms 4 and two lower suspension guiding mechanisms 6 are upper and lower Liang Ge 2-RPR mechanism, and R represents revolute pair, and P represents moving sets, and 2 represent two RPR kinematic links; Described 2-RPR mechanism, its degree of freedom is a translation freedoms, and the angle of two determined planes of RPR kinematic link is 90 °; Two upper suspension guide mechanisms 4 and two lower suspension guiding mechanisms 6 comprise each two RPR kinematic links, two turns auxiliary shaft line parallels in described each PRP kinematic link, and perpendicular to moving sets axis; Cross described moving sets axis, and be called perpendicular to the plane of described revolute pair axis the plane that RPR kinematic link is determined; Article 4, determined 4 planes of RPR kinematic link, their intersection is parallel to each other or overlaps.
Described upper suspension guide mechanism 4 and lower suspension guiding mechanism 6 comprise outer link 19, inboard Sinks 20, dust boot 21, ball 22, retainer 23 and oil sealing 24, inboard Sinks 20 is arranged in outer link 19, retainer 23 is provided with ball 22, and outer link 19 is provided with dust boot 21.
Next, introduce the kinematic principle of 2-RPR mechanism, as shown in Figure 7, two RPR kinematic link A
1b
1c
1and A
2b
2c
2lay respectively at π
1plane, π
2in plane, in kinematic link, two revolute pair axis are parallel to each other and all the time perpendicular to corresponding plane, the axis of moving sets all the time with the revolute pair axes normal at two ends.π
1plane and π
2the intersection of plane is straight line PQ.With kinematic pair A
1for initial point sets up system of axes A
1x
1y
1z
1, z
1axle is perpendicular to π
1plane.If kinematic pair C
1coordinate be C
1(x
c1, y
c1, 0), moving sets B
1axis vector be n
b1=[cos α sin α 0]
t, then the kinematic screw of three kinematic pairs is respectively:
So the transient motion spiral of kinematic link end can be expressed as:
So, work as k
1+ k
3when ≠ 0
represent around z
1the rotation of axle; Work as k
1+ k
3=0 and k
2cos α-k
3y
c1, k
2sin α+k
3x
c1when asynchronously equalling zero,
represent and be positioned at x
1a
1y
1motion of translation in plane.So, kinematic link A
1b
1c
1end-fixity be along z
1the movement of axle and around x
1, y
1the rotation of axle.That is, transport merit and connect A
1b
1c
1end be merely able to all the time at π
1move in plane.In like manner, transport merit and connect A
2b
2c
2end be merely able to all the time at π
2move in plane.So, as kinematic link A
1b
1c
1with A
2b
2c
2end is same component, namely forms 2-RPR mechanism, then mechanism end needs simultaneously at π
1plane and π
2move in plane.So when two planes are not parallel, mechanism end is merely able to move along the intersection PQ of two planes.That is 2-RPR mechanism has linear guiding function.So top and bottom 2-RPR mechanism all has linear guiding function.When upper and lower end 2-RPR mechanism by the solid chain of reinforcement 8 together time, the 4-RPR mechanism of composition has linear guiding function equally.Every bar RPR kinematic link can provide 3 end-fixity, and so four RPR kinematic links can provide 12 end-fixity, and mechanism end has a translation freedoms simultaneously, namely has 5 degree of freedom to be constrained.The amount of constraint provided due to branch terminals is greater than restrained number, and thus 4-RPR mechanism is Planar Mechanisms parallel institution.
Relative to existing front overhang frame system, the present invention has following outstanding advantages: first, the present invention proposes a kind of brand-new rectilinear translation formula front suspension system, the maximum difference of the more traditional front suspension system of this front suspension system is that its guiding mechanism has linear guiding function, bear uneven road surface to wheel respectively to impact while, wheel alignment parameter can be kept in theory substantially constant, and then improve road-holding property and the riding comfort of car load.Secondly, front suspension system can be united with traditional Pinion-and-rack steering system, brake system, drive system are carried out mating integrated, be supplementing further existing rectilinear translation formula rear suspension patent of invention, improve the field of application of rectilinear translation formula suspension guide mechanism further.Moreover, the kinematics characteristic of this front suspension system is relevant to the configuration of suspension fork mechanism, insensitive to the hard spot parameter of suspension, only needs to ensure that the intersection of determined four planes of suspension side chain is parallel or overlap, the arrangement of suspension system is more flexible, goes for different vehicles.Therefore this suspension system is the important breakthrough to prior art, compared with the front suspension system such as traditional MacPherson type, double wish-bone arm type, have that wheel alignment parameter constant, wear on tyres are less, suspension arrangement flexible form and insensitive to hard spot parameter, to improve automobile road-holding property and riding comfort, the advantage such as applied widely.
In addition to the implementation, the present invention can also have other embodiments, and all employings are equal to the technical scheme of replacement or equivalent transformation formation, all drop on the protection domain of application claims.
Claims (3)
1. the integrated rectilinear translation formula front suspension system turning to and drive function, it is characterized in that: mainly comprise two upper suspension guide mechanisms (4) and two lower suspension guiding mechanisms (6) with linear guiding function, upper connecting base (5), lower connecting base (7), steering swivel (2), reinforcement (8), upper bulb pair (13), lower bulb pair (14) and spring damper (1), the parallel institution that described two upper suspension guide mechanisms (4) and two lower suspension guiding mechanisms (6) are a kind of Planar Mechanisms, this mechanism only has a translation freedoms, for realizing the guiding of wheel bounce, upper connecting base (5) is fixedly connected with lower connecting base (7) by reinforcement (8), upper connecting base (5) is connected with two upper suspension guide mechanisms (4), upper connecting base (5) is connected with bumper mount pad (18), and lower connecting base (7) is connected with two lower suspension guiding mechanisms (6), reinforcement (2) is provided with bulb mounting hole (2-1), lower bulb mounting hole (2-2), drg mounting hole (15), steering track rod mounting hole (16) and hub mounting hole (17), upper connecting base (5) is provided with bulb pair (13) and is arranged in bulb mounting hole (2-1), and lower connecting base (7) is provided with lower bulb pair (14) and is arranged in lower bulb mounting hole (2-2), described steering swivel (2) is linked by upper bulb pair (13) with two upper suspension guide mechanisms (4), described steering swivel (2) is linked by lower bulb pair (14) with two lower suspension guiding mechanisms (6), and the installation axis collinear of upper bulb pair (13) and lower bulb pair (14), this axis is kingpin axis, the swing arm of steering swivel (2) is linked by steering track rod mounting hole (16) with steering track rod (9), steering track rod (9) and then link with rack and pinion steering gear (12), drives steering swivel (2) to rotate by steering track rod (9) and realizes wheel steering, steering swivel (2) is provided with drg (3) by drg mounting hole (15), steering swivel (2) is provided with hub by hub mounting hole (17), and hub one end links with wheel, and the other end links with axle drive shaft (10), realizes wheel drive by axle drive shaft (10), described spring damper (1) one end is linked with upper suspension guide mechanism (4) by bumper mount pad (18), and the other end links with vehicle body (11), for realizing automobile shock-avoiding and decay body vibrations.
2. the integrated rectilinear translation formula front suspension system turning to and drive function according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described two upper suspension guide mechanisms (4) and two lower suspension guiding mechanisms (6) are upper and lower Liang Ge 2-RPR mechanism, R represents revolute pair, P represents moving sets, and 2 represent two RPR kinematic links; Described 2-RPR mechanism, its degree of freedom is a translation freedoms, and the angle of two determined planes of RPR kinematic link is 90 °; Two upper suspension guide mechanisms (4) and two lower suspension guiding mechanisms (6) comprise each two RPR kinematic links, two turns auxiliary shaft line parallels in described each PRP kinematic link, and perpendicular to moving sets axis; Cross described moving sets axis, and be called perpendicular to the plane of described revolute pair axis the plane that RPR kinematic link is determined; Article 4, determined 4 planes of RPR kinematic link, their intersection is parallel to each other or overlaps.
3. the integrated rectilinear translation formula front suspension system turning to and drive function according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described upper suspension guide mechanism (4) and lower suspension guiding mechanism (6) comprise outer link (19), inboard Sinks (20), dust boot (21), ball (22), retainer (23) and oil sealing (24), inboard Sinks (20) is arranged in outer link (19), retainer (23) is provided with ball (22), and outer link (19) is provided with dust boot (21).
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410437690.7A CN104210547B (en) | 2014-08-29 | 2014-08-29 | A kind of integrated rectilinear translation formula front suspension system that turns to and drive function |
| PCT/CN2014/095045 WO2016029605A1 (en) | 2014-08-29 | 2014-12-26 | Linear translational front suspension system integrated with steering and driving function |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410437690.7A CN104210547B (en) | 2014-08-29 | 2014-08-29 | A kind of integrated rectilinear translation formula front suspension system that turns to and drive function |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104210547A true CN104210547A (en) | 2014-12-17 |
| CN104210547B CN104210547B (en) | 2016-05-11 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410437690.7A Expired - Fee Related CN104210547B (en) | 2014-08-29 | 2014-08-29 | A kind of integrated rectilinear translation formula front suspension system that turns to and drive function |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104210547B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2016029605A1 (en) |
Cited By (11)
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| WO2016029605A1 (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2016-03-03 | 万向钱潮股份有限公司 | Linear translational front suspension system integrated with steering and driving function |
| CN107278194A (en) * | 2015-02-27 | 2017-10-20 | Ksm铸造集团有限公司 | Wheel carrier |
| CN108382149A (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2018-08-10 | 清华大学 | A kind of linear guiding front suspension system using double spherical plain bearing rod ends |
| CN108382143A (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2018-08-10 | 清华大学 | A kind of Linear scaling bar |
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| CN108520129A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-09-11 | 江铃控股有限公司 | The analysis method and device at positive remaining angle are returned in motor turning |
| CN108583186A (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2018-09-28 | 清华大学 | A kind of scalable guide rod |
| CN108859732A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-11-23 | 山东理工大学 | A kind of distribution wheel hub driving electric automobile chassis structure |
| CN110234521A (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2019-09-13 | Emm!解决方案有限公司 | Wheel suspension |
| CN113704887A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-11-26 | 岚图汽车科技有限公司 | Modeling method for simulating multi-form suspension system motion based on CATIA software |
| WO2023088075A1 (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2023-05-25 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Steering knuckle and steering mechanism |
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| CN108583728B (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2024-01-30 | 芜湖正众汽车科技有限公司 | Unmanned platform truck and working method thereof |
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| CN102556158A (en) * | 2011-12-29 | 2012-07-11 | 浙江万向系统有限公司 | Steering knuckle for spatial multi-connecting rod linear guide type suspension frame |
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| CN113704887A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-11-26 | 岚图汽车科技有限公司 | Modeling method for simulating multi-form suspension system motion based on CATIA software |
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| WO2016029605A1 (en) | 2016-03-03 |
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