CN102627061B - Multi-connecting-rod rectilinear movement hanger bracket adopting ball spline pair - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multi-connecting-rod rectilinear movement hanger bracket adopting a ball spline pair. The multi-connecting-rod rectilinear movement hanger bracket comprises a spring shock absorber, wheels, a vehicle body, a steering knuckle, an upper-side first hanger bracket branched chain, an upper-sided second hanger bracket branched chain, a lower-side first hanger bracket branched chain and a lower-side second hanger bracket branched chain, wherein the spring shock absorber is hinged with the steering knuckle and the vehicle body respectively, the steering knuckle is matched with the wheels by wheel hub units, and the two ends of each hanger bracket branched chain are respectively hinged with the steering knuckle and the vehicle body. The multi-connecting-rod rectilinear movement hanger bracket has the advantages that the positional parameters such as the camber angle, the kingpin inclination angle and the caster angle of the wheels, the toe-in (toe-out) of the front wheel, the distance between the left wheel and the right wheel, and the distance between a front shaft and a rear shaft can be kept constant during the process that the wheels jump up and down, so that the abrasion of the tires is lowered greatly, and the operation stability, the driving smoothness and the riding comfort of the vehicle can be improved effectively; the hanger bracket branched chains are simple in structure, the ball spline pair can be changed after being abraded, and the service lives of the hanger bracket branched chains are prolonged.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to automobile suspension system, especially a kind of many link linears parallel-moving type suspension that adopts the ball spline pair.
Background technology
Suspension be guarantee between wheel or vehicle bridge and automobile bearing system (vehicle frame or self-supporting body) to have the elasticity contact and can transmitted load, mitigation impact, damped vibration and the vehicles general name of the relative assembly such as vehicle body position in the process of moving.General suspension mainly is comprised of elastic element, shock absorption device and guiding mechanism three parts.In some cases, a certain parts held concurrently two kinds or three kinds of effects, such as the steel spring effect of elastic element and guiding mechanism of having held concurrently.Wherein the function of guiding mechanism is to guarantee force and moment reliable delivery all between wheel and vehicle body or vehicle frame, and determines the placement property of wheel with respect to vehicle body or vehicle frame.Path of motion when guiding mechanism has determined wheel bounce and the situation of change of wheel alignment parameter, and the position at roll center and trim center before and after automobile, affected road-holding property and the anti-trim ability of car load to a great extent.
According to the characteristics of guiding mechanism, automotive suspension mainly can be divided into dependent suspension and the large class of independent suspension two.The characteristic feature of dependent suspension is by a buttress bracing struts or non-disconnected vehicle bridge, to be connected between left and right wheels, when monolateral wheel bounce, directly has influence on the opposite side wheel.The independent suspension left and right wheels is connected or forms broken bridge of car with vehicle body or vehicle frame " independence " separately.In addition, also have the semi-independent suspension of a kind of characteristics between dependent suspension and independent suspension.The dependent suspension shortcoming is obvious, such as left and right wheels beat interact, non-suspended mass is larger etc., can not meet the requirement of current vehicle running smoothness and road-holding property aspect, so independent suspension has obtained very large development.
The constructional feature of independent suspension is that the wheel of both sides connects with vehicle body or vehicle frame by resilient suspension individually, and vehicle bridge is made breakaway-element.Therefore, independent suspension has following advantage: one, at suspension spring in certain deformation range, the both sides wheel can self-movement, and be independent of each other, can reduce the vibration of vehicle frame and vehicle body while travelling like this on rough road, and contribute to eliminate the bad phenomenon of the continuous beat of wheel flutter, and promoted automobile straight line driveability, guaranteed good road-holding property.Two, reduced the automobile nonspring carried mass.In the dependent suspension situation, whole vehicle bridge and wheel all belong to the nonspring carried mass part.In the independent suspension situation, for drive axle, due to main reduction gear, diff and shell thereof all are fixed on vehicle frame, have become spring carried mass; For steeraxle, it only has steering yoke bolt and steering swivel, and the unjointed beam at middle part no longer exists.So, while adopting independent suspension, nonspring carried mass comprises all or part of quality of a part of part in wheel mass and suspension system, during obviously than the use dependent suspension, nonspring carried mass is much smaller.When road conditions is identical with the speed of a motor vehicle, nonspring carried mass is less, and the suffered impact load of suspension is less, therefore adopt independent suspension can improve the ground connection performance of vehicle running smoothness and tire.While three, adopting broken bridge of car, the position of engine assembly just can reduce and reach descends centre of gravity of vehicle, has improved Riding Stability of Automobile.Give the up-and-down movement space that wheel is larger simultaneously, thereby can design littlely by suspension rate, the body vibrations frequency is reduced, to improve riding comfort.Four, be easy to realize that drive wheel turns to.Above advantage is widely used on modern automobile independent suspension, and particularly the wheel flutter of car has all generally adopted independent suspension, and in order to improve driving safety, the rear overhang of increasing luxury car has also adopted independent suspension.
At present, on automobile, most widely used independent suspension mainly contains: double cross arm independent suspension, MacPherson strut and multi-connecting-rod separated suspension.The outstanding advantages of double cross arm independent suspension is flexible design, but while adopting the automotive wheel of this suspension to beat, wheel alignment parameter and wheelspan change greatly, have reduced automobile straight line driveability, cause road-holding property poor, simultaneously the tire serious wear.The advantage of McPherson strut is simple in structure, save space, and in the wheel bounce process, the positional parameters such as its wheelspan, toe-in and outward camber change little, alleviated wear on tyres, also make automobile there is road-holding property preferably, but its designability has been poor, and there is friction force between the piston rod of bumper and orienting sleeve, make the dynamic stiffness of suspension increase, the elastic behavior variation, especially when little displacement, this impact is more remarkable.The advantage of multi-connecting-rod separated suspension is mainly that in the time of can guaranteeing wheel bounce, wheel alignment parameter changes very little, but its design flexibility is poor, very responsive to the bar linkage structure parameter, the processing and manufacturing accuracy requirement is high, the equipment adjustment difficulty, be mainly used in medium-to-high grade car at present.
Although conventional independent suspension can both meet the suspension design requirement on function at present, when wheel bounce, wheel alignment parameter all can change.In actual applications, the larger variation meeting of wheel alignment parameter has a negative impact to vehicle handling stability or other aspect performances, descend such as the variation of wheelspan can cause automobile straight line driveability, also cause rolling resistance to increase and on the impact of steering swivel system simultaneously; The variation of camber angle can cause the inordinate wear of tire.
In the time of how can guaranteeing wheel bounce, can not change be a Focal point and difficult point in the independent suspension structure innovative design to the positional parameter of wheel.Universal group and Tsing-Hua University once combined three kinds of linear guiding mechanisms that can be used in automotive suspension of proposition, referring to [1. Zhao Jingshan mountain, Wang Jianyi. spatial multi-connecting bar forktruck lift guide mechanism [P]. Chinese patent: 200910085582.7, 2009-11-4.], [2. provide holt, Zhao Jingshan, Zhang Jie, Liu is to. a kind of many link linear guide independent suspensions with 3-RRR flexible compensation mechanism [P]. Chinese patent: CN201110215816.2, 2012-02-22.], [3. outstanding person, Zhao Jingshan, the money holt, Wang Jianyi. a kind of elastic multi-link linear guide independent suspension [P]. Chinese patent: CN201110218599.2, 2012-02-22.].The suspension side chain is the RPR kinematic link in above-mentioned patent [1], have preferably each to rigidity, but the RPR kinematic link is not suitable for use in the suspension guide mechanism owing to existing moving sets to cause mobile vice division chief cliding friction larger; [2] in, the suspension side chain is the RRR kinematic link, and it is along poor perpendicular to the directional stiffness on the determined plane of RRR kinematic link, and hinge movement is secondary a lot; [3] in, the side chain of suspension is elastic multi-link, and rigidity is poor longitudinally along wheel for its guiding mechanism, and the guiding mechanism bob is during to end position, and elastic rod may produce motion and suddenly change; And elasticity, intensity and toughness for the pilot bar composite material have very high requirement.Therefore the practicality of above-mentioned 3 kinds of suspension pilot bars is not strong, needs to continue to be improved.
Summary of the invention
The present invention will solve the shortcoming of above-mentioned prior art, a kind of many link linears parallel-moving type suspension that can be used for the employing ball spline pair of Motor Vehicle Independent Suspension System is provided, camber angle, Kingpin inclination angle and casterangle, left and right wheels distance, toeing-in (posterior cord) and the wheel base of realizing wheel can remain constant in wheel bob process, thereby improve road-holding property, the riding comfort of automobile and the traveling comfort of taking, and can effectively reduce the wearing and tearing of tire.Simultaneously, under the prerequisite with stronger exploitativeness, can guarantee that this suspension fork mechanism has large respectively to rigidity, reduce as far as possible the stand under load distortion.
The present invention solves the technical scheme that its technical matters adopts: many link linears parallel-moving type suspension of this employing ball spline pair, comprise spring damper system, wheel, vehicle body and steering swivel, and upside article one suspension side chain, upside second suspension side chain and downside article one suspension side chain, downside second suspension side chain, described spring damper system is hinged with steering swivel and vehicle body respectively, steering swivel coordinates with wheel by hub, and the two ends of four suspension side chains are hinged with steering swivel and vehicle body respectively.
As preferably, upside article one suspension side chain, upside second suspension side chain, downside article one suspension side chain and downside second suspension side chain, all with the structure of ball spline pair, comprise dust boot, short connecting rod, set pin, buffer gasket, castellated shaft, oil-hole screw, flat key, hub splines, back-up ring, bolt and long connecting rod.Wherein, short connecting rod and castellated shaft adopt transition fit, and are fixedly connected with by set pin, castellated shaft and hub splines coordinate, the spline back-up ring is connected with castellated shaft by bolt, and hub splines is provided with flat key and adopts transition fit with long connecting rod, also is provided with dust boot on the suspension side chain.
As preferably, the vertical plane at 2 suspension side chain places that upside is a group is non-coplanar, and the vertical plane at 2 suspension side chain places that downside is a group is also non-coplanar, the intersection conllinear on above-mentioned these two groups of vertical planes or parallel.
As preferably, the vertical plane at upside article one suspension side chain and downside article one suspension side chain place is coplanar, and the vertical plane at upside second suspension side chain and downside second suspension side chain place is coplanar, and the angle on two vertical planes is 90 °.
As preferably, steering swivel is provided with upside the first journal stirrup, upside the second journal stirrup, downside the first journal stirrup and downside the second journal stirrup, and steering swivel also is provided with jounce bumper connecting bore one, jounce bumper connecting bore two, brake caliper connecting bore one and brake caliper connecting bore two.
Inventing useful effect is: the positional parameters such as camber angle, Kingpin inclination angle and casterangle, toeing-in (posterior cord), left and right wheels distance and wheel base that can realize wheel can remain constant in wheel bob process, thereby effectively reduce the wearing and tearing of tire, and can effectively improve road-holding property, the riding comfort of automobile and the traveling comfort of taking; The suspension branched structure is simple, and can change after the secondary wearing and tearing of ball spline, has improved the work life of suspension side chain.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is suspension branched structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of steering swivel.
Fig. 4 is the birds-eye view of this suspension system.
Fig. 5 be this suspension system along the x axle to view.
Description of reference numerals: spring damper system 1, wheel 2, vehicle body 3, steering swivel 4, upside article one suspension side chain 5a, upside second suspension side chain 5b, downside article one suspension side chain 6a, downside second suspension side chain 6b, dust boot 7, short company 8, set pin 9, buffering spacer 10, castellated shaft 11, oil-hole screw 12, flat key 13, hub splines 14, back-up ring 15, bolt 16, long connecting rod 17, jounce bumper connecting bore one 18a, jounce bumper connecting bore two 18b, brake caliper connecting bore one 19a, brake caliper connecting bore two 19b, hub anchor shaft 20, upside the first journal stirrup 21a, upside the second journal stirrup 21b, downside the first journal stirrup 22a, downside the second journal stirrup 22b.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described:
Embodiment: as Fig. 1, this many link linears parallel-moving type suspension comprises wheel 2, vehicle body 3, spring damper system 1 and steering swivel 4.Described steering swivel 4 connects with wheel 2 by hub, and spring damper system 1 is hinged with steering swivel 4 and vehicle body 3 respectively.This system also comprises four suspension side chains, is respectively upside article one suspension side chain 5a, upside second suspension side chain 5b, and downside article one suspension side chain 6a, downside second suspension side chain 6b, their two ends are hinged with steering swivel 4 and vehicle body 3 respectively.
Suspension side chain shown in Fig. 2 includes dust boot 7, short connecting rod 8, set pin 9, buffer gasket 10, castellated shaft 11, oil-hole screw 12, flat key 13, hub splines 14, back-up ring 15, bolt 16 and long connecting rod 17.Described short connecting rod 8 and castellated shaft 11 adopt transition fit, and connect by set pin 9, are convenient to dismounting.Described castellated shaft 11 and hub splines 14 coordinate, and make the suspension side chain only have flexible vertically degree of freedom, and the ball spline pair are gauge member.Described colored back-up ring 15 is connected with castellated shaft 11 by bolt 16, and its effect is to prevent from that castellated shaft is drawn out of to cause the inner ball of hub splines 14 to drop.Described hub splines 14 adopts transition fit with long connecting rod 17, and flat key 13 can transmit than high pulling torque.Described dust boot 7 is installed on the suspension side chain, effect be prevent dust, waterproof and corrosion prevention.
Article four, the suspension side chain is crossed to retrain and is made suspension system only have one degree of freedom, and wherein the vertical plane at four suspension side chain places is non-coplanar, and intersection conllinear or parallel.For stability of configuration and the raising load-carrying capacity that improves suspension fork mechanism, the vertical plane at upside article one suspension side chain 5a and downside article one suspension side chain 6a place is coplanar, the vertical plane at upside second suspension side chain 5b and downside second suspension side chain 6b place is coplanar, and the angle on two vertical planes is 90 °, as shown in Figure 4.
As shown in Figure 3, steering swivel 4 is provided with upside the first journal stirrup 21a, upside the second journal stirrup 21b, downside the first journal stirrup 22a and downside the second journal stirrup 22b, and steering swivel 4 also is provided with jounce bumper connecting bore one 18a, jounce bumper connecting bore two 18b, brake caliper connecting bore one 19a and brake caliper connecting bore two 19b.Wherein, be equipped with suspension side chain connecting bore on four journal stirrups, the intersection on determined two the vertical planes of suspension side chain connecting bore axis of two journal stirrups of upside, with the intersection on determined two the vertical planes of suspension side chain connecting bore axis of two journal stirrups of downside, both overlap or are parallel.
It is that mechanism characteristics by this suspension fork mechanism determines that many link linears parallel-moving type suspension provided by the present invention only has the degree of freedom moved along the z axle, next just analyzes the theory of mechanisms motion characteristics of this suspension fork mechanism.
The corresponding system of axes oxyz of model, take upside article one suspension side chain 5a and vehicle body junction revolute pair axis is the x axle, and y axle along continuous straight runs is positioned at the vertical plane at suspension side chain place, and corresponding z axle is along vertical, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5.If suspension side chain A
1b
1length be l
1, the angle that suspension props up chain axis and plane oxy is
according to [Zhao Jingshan, Feng Zhijing, Chu Fulei. robot mechanism Degree of Freedom Analysis theoretical [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2009.] analysis theories of the mechanism freedom that proposes, can write out suspension side chain A
1b
1kinematic screw be:
Suspension side chain A
1b
1end conswtraint
can be obtained by the reciprocity screw theory,
Wherein
for kinematic screw system,
for
antispin system.
Obvious matrix
the condition of contraction is:
If l
1be zero, revolute pair A now
1with B
1overlap revolute pair A in reality
1and B
1do not overlap, so suspension side chain A
1b
1end conswtraint
can be obtained by the reciprocity screw theory.By (2) formula, can be obtained
for:
Another suspension side chain A that can write out equally,
2b
2the constraint spiral be:
What therefore, steering swivel 4 was suffered is constrained to:
(5) formula substitution (2) formula can be obtained to the free motion that steering swivel 4 has is:
Formula (6) shows that steering swivel 4 has a free motion along the translation of z direction of principal axis, thereby the steering swivel 4 of this spacing multi-connecting-rod linear guiding suspension fork mechanism can be done the motion of translation of single degree of freedom boning out.In like manner, can only have along the free motion of z direction of principal axis translation in the hope of steering swivel under four suspension side chain constraints.Therefore, this spacing multi-connecting-rod linear guiding suspension fork mechanism can make the parameters such as camber angle, Kingpin inclination angle and casterangle, wheelspan and wheelbase of the wheel that links with steering swivel 4 remain unchanged in the wheel bounce process.So just the wearing and tearing of tire be can reduce to greatest extent, and then road-holding property, riding comfort and the travelling comfort of automobile improved.Owing to having adopted gauge member ball spline pair, the suspension branched structure is simple simultaneously, and processing technology is simple; Article four, the suspension side chain is crossed the load-carrying capacity that constraint has strengthened suspension fork mechanism.
Because this suspension system only has a degree of freedom moved along the z axle, so revolute pair B
1distance along y direction of principal axis and x axle remains constant in the suspension hopping process, establishes this distance for L, as shown in Figure 5, and
While supposing that suspension is positioned at the up-downgoing way limit, corresponding angle is respectively
with
the stroke of suspension and suspension prop up chain length change amount and are respectively:
Therefore, many link linears parallel-moving type suspension of employing ball spline pair provided by the present invention can, according to actual suspension system designs requirement, carry out suspension fork mechanism stroke and corresponding other design of Structural Parameters.This suspension fork mechanism is with respect to current other known suspension fork mechanisms, not only can guarantee that in the wheel bounce process, wheel alignment parameter does not change, and it is respectively large to rigidity, structure design is simple, and then has improved road-holding property, riding comfort and the travelling comfort of automobile.
In addition to the implementation, the present invention can also have other embodiments.All employings are equal to the technical scheme of replacement or equivalent transformation formation, all drop on the protection domain of requirement of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the many link linears parallel-moving type suspension that adopts the ball spline pair, comprise spring damper system (1), wheel (2), vehicle body (3) and steering swivel (4), and upside article one suspension side chain (5a), upside second suspension side chain (5b) and downside article one suspension side chain (6a), downside second suspension side chain (6b), it is characterized in that: described spring damper system (1) is hinged with steering swivel (4) and vehicle body (3) respectively, steering swivel (4) coordinates with wheel (2) by hub, article four, suspension side chain (5a), (5b) and (6a), (6b) two ends are hinged with steering swivel (4) and vehicle body (3) respectively, described upside article one suspension side chain (5a), upside second suspension side chain (5b), downside article one suspension side chain (6a) and downside second suspension side chain (6b), all with the structure of ball spline pair, comprise dust boot (7), short connecting rod (8), set pin (9), buffer gasket (10), castellated shaft (11), oil-hole screw (12), flat key (13), hub splines (14), back-up ring (15), bolt (16) and long connecting rod (17), described short connecting rod (8) and castellated shaft (11) adopt transition fit, and be fixedly connected with by set pin (9), castellated shaft (11) and hub splines (14) coordinate, spline back-up ring (15) is connected with castellated shaft (11) by bolt (16), hub splines (14) is provided with flat key (13) and adopts transition fit with long connecting rod (17), also is provided with dust boot (7) on the suspension side chain.
2. many link linears parallel-moving type suspension of employing ball spline pair according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: 2 suspension side chains (5a) that upside is a group, the vertical plane at (5b) place are non-coplanar, 2 suspension side chains (6a) that downside is one group, the vertical plane at (6b) place are also non-coplanar, the intersection conllinear on above-mentioned these two groups of vertical planes or parallel.
3. many link linears parallel-moving type suspension of employing ball spline pair according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the vertical plane at upside article one suspension side chain (5a) and downside article one suspension side chain (6a) place is coplanar, the vertical plane at upside second suspension side chain (5b) and downside second suspension side chain (6b) place is coplanar, and the angle on two vertical planes is 90 °.
4. many link linears parallel-moving type suspension of employing ball spline pair according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: steering swivel (4) is provided with upside the first journal stirrup (21a), upside the second journal stirrup (21b), downside the first journal stirrup (22a) and downside the second journal stirrup (22b), and steering swivel (4) also is provided with jounce bumper connecting bore one (18a), jounce bumper connecting bore two (18b), brake caliper connecting bore one (19a) and brake caliper connecting bore two (19b).
5. many link linears parallel-moving type suspension of employing ball spline pair according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: four journal stirrups (21a), (21b) and (22a), be equipped with suspension side chain connecting bore on (22b), the intersection on determined two the vertical planes of suspension side chain connecting bore axis of two journal stirrups of upside (21a), (21b), with the intersection on determined two the vertical planes of suspension side chain connecting bore axis of two journal stirrups of downside (22a), (22b), both overlap or are parallel.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102910045A (en) * | 2012-09-29 | 2013-02-06 | 万向钱潮股份有限公司 | Rectilinear translation type hanger bracket of integral type ball spline pair |
| CN102941787A (en) * | 2012-09-29 | 2013-02-27 | 万向钱潮股份有限公司 | Extension-type guide rod for integral ball spline pair |
| CN104044423B (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2016-06-15 | 重庆工商大学 | A kind of series parallel type Independent Suspension mechanism |
| CN104210548B (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2016-05-11 | 万向钱潮股份有限公司 | A kind of knuckle connector assembly that is applicable to rectilinear translation formula front suspension |
| CN104210547B (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2016-05-11 | 万向钱潮股份有限公司 | A kind of integrated rectilinear translation formula front suspension system that turns to and drive function |
| CN106240727A (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2016-12-21 | 宁波斯普锐汽车部件有限公司 | A kind of steering control system of independent suspension |
| CN107867663A (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-04-03 | 合肥搬易通科技发展有限公司 | A kind of fork truck universal wheel mechanism |
| CN108372764A (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2018-08-07 | 清华大学 | A kind of linear guiding rear-suspension system using double rod end bulb |
| CN111301080B (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2021-07-20 | 沈阳新松机器人自动化股份有限公司 | Wheel suspension system capable of absorbing axial displacement |
| DE102019105566B4 (en) * | 2019-03-05 | 2023-01-05 | Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh | Chassis arrangement for a motor vehicle and method for operating a motor vehicle |
| CN112278116B (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2022-02-11 | 北京航天发射技术研究所 | Electric drive vehicle and electric driving system applying single-sliding-column independent suspension |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US5911286A (en) * | 1997-06-12 | 1999-06-15 | Gkn Automotive Inc | Independent suspension and halfshaft assembly with double crown spline joint |
| CN2678945Y (en) * | 2003-10-13 | 2005-02-16 | 上海燃料电池汽车动力系统有限公司 | Double crossbar suspension-twisted bar spring-modularized structure of electric wheel |
| CN202703154U (en) * | 2012-04-25 | 2013-01-30 | 万向钱潮股份有限公司 | Multi-connecting rod rectilinear translation type suspension using ball spline pair |
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