CN104202007A - Active broadband matching method of short-wave frequency-band electrically small antenna and matching circuit thereof - Google Patents
Active broadband matching method of short-wave frequency-band electrically small antenna and matching circuit thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104202007A CN104202007A CN201410409602.2A CN201410409602A CN104202007A CN 104202007 A CN104202007 A CN 104202007A CN 201410409602 A CN201410409602 A CN 201410409602A CN 104202007 A CN104202007 A CN 104202007A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an active broadband matching method of a short-wave frequency-band electrically small antenna and a matching circuit thereof, the electrically small antenna is matched by a non-Forster reactive element and a passive broadband matching network, the non-Forster reactive element is realized by a negative impedance converter, the negative impedance converter and the passive broadband matching network are cascaded into an active broadband matching network with two ports, one port of the matching network is connected with the electrically small antenna, and said two ports are connected with an emitter/receiver. In the invention, the non-Forster reactive element and the passive broadband matching network are comprehensively considered, led loss is regulated in realization process of the non-Forster reactive element, single traditional negative capacitor can be replaced by in series connecting a negative capacitor and a negative inductor to better neutralize the impedance imaginary part, a transmission line transformer is led into the matching network, and the deviation between a testing value and a design value can be compensated by slightly adjusting the transformation ratio of the transmission line transformer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Electromagnetic Fields & Magnetic Waves field, especially a kind of active wide-band matching method and match circuit thereof of shortwave frequency range electronically small antenna.
Background technology
Short wave communication refers to the radio communication that utilizes electromagnetic wave that frequency is 3MHz～30MHz to carry out, and sometimes also the high band 1.5MHz～3MHz of medium wave is attributed to shortwave frequency range.Short wave communication is widely used in the departments such as government, military affairs, diplomacy, meteorology, business for many years, and particularly in military service, it is one of important means of military commanding all the time.Due to the frequency lower (1.5MHz～30MHz) of shortwave frequency range, corresponding wavelength is grown (10m～200m), its size of short-wave antenna designing in order to adapt to antenna miniaturization requirement at present is often less than 0.1 wavelength, this just makes short-wave antenna usually show as electric small-size, and this phenomenon is particularly outstanding at the low side of shortwave frequency range.
When the greatest physical size of antenna
much smaller than its operation wavelength
, meet
time, antenna belongs to electronically small antenna.The input impedance of antenna can be expressed as
, electronically small antenna is characterized in to resistive component
very little and reactive component
very large.When reactive component is far longer than resistive component and all when the characteristic impedance of substantial deviation feeder line, can brings two prominent questions: one is the serious mismatch of antenna and feeder line; Another energy that is antenna stores is far longer than the energy of radiation, and at this moment antenna is equivalent to a capacitor with micro-radianting capacity.The consequence that these two problems are brought is exactly that the actual gain of antenna is low especially.
In order to solve by electronically small antenna imaginary impedance much larger than impedance real part and all characteristic impedance of substantial deviation feeder line and two problems bringing, propose to form based on non-Foster reactance component and passive broadband matching network the method that active broadband matching network mates electronically small antenna, and the match circuit design that combines of non-Foster reactance component and passive broadband matching network.First utilize non-Foster reactance component to offset the excessive imaginary impedance of electronically small antenna, imaginary impedance after counteracting not do not disappear completely but and impedance real part in a magnitude, the impedance transformation effect that then utilizes passive broadband matching network by with the effect of non-Foster reactance component after Antenna Impedance Matching to the characteristic impedance of feeder line.
Using by traditional reactance component is that passive matching network that inductance and electric capacity are built is while mating electronically small antenna, owing to being subject to the restriction of gain-bandwidth theory, if Bandwidth will be sacrificed gain, so in this way realize its gain of wide band small antenna be all very low, and if require gain too much do not sacrificed so just can only realize arrowband mate.
The impedance operator that uses the method that electronically small antenna is loaded can improve antenna makes it to be easy to coupling, but what load use is the dissipative network being made up of resistance, electric capacity and inductance, such loading causes the radiation efficiency of antenna to reduce owing to directly having introduced loss meeting, and the antenna loading after the larger loading of loss of introducing is more easy to realize coupling by passive broadband matching network, its gain of wide band small antenna therefore realizing is in this way conventionally also all very low.
Using by non-Foster reactance component is that active matching network that negative inductance and negative capacitance are built is while mating electronically small antenna, the restriction of having broken gain-bandwidth theory on the one hand, on the other hand introduce loss compare to load introduce loss much smaller, therefore can obtain good gain, bandwidth performance.But the common active wide-band matching method of electronically small antenna has often only been considered the realization of non-Foster reactance component and has not been considered the further coupling work after non-Foster reactance component counteracting electronically small antenna imaginary impedance at present, does not also consider the loss of introducing while realizing non-Foster reactance component.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of active wide-band matching method and match circuit thereof of the shortwave frequency range electronically small antenna that has considered non-Foster reactance component and passive broadband matching network, to solve the problem proposing in above-mentioned background technology.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides following technical scheme:
An active wide-band matching method for shortwave frequency range electronically small antenna is that electronically small antenna is mated with transmitter or receiver by the active broadband matching network being made up of non-Foster reactance component and passive broadband matching network.Electronically small antenna connects the port one of negative impedance converter, the non-Foster reactance component of realizing by negative impedance converter is offset the excessive imaginary impedance of electronically small antenna, the port 3 of the port 2 connected with passive broadband matching networks of negative impedance converter, convert by the antenna impedance after passive broadband matching network pair and the effect of non-Foster reactance component, the port 4 of passive broadband matching network connects emittor/receiver.
Its concrete operation step is as follows: (1) obtains the impedance data of electronically small antenna by the emulation of electromagnetism software for calculation or experiment measuring; (2) determine the size of each element in negative impedance converter; (3) size of each element in adjusting negative impedance converter; (4) determine passive broadband matching network; (5) calculate the electrical characteristics of mating aft antenna.
As the further scheme of the present invention: the match circuit of the broadband active matching process of described shortwave frequency range electronically small antenna, comprises passive broadband matching network and negative impedance converter; Described passive broadband matching network comprises line transformer, inductance and electric capacity, form two kinds of dissimilar passive broadband matching networks by the connected mode that changes inductance and electric capacity, the electronically small antenna impedance after the non-Foster reactance component effect realizing with negative impedance converter is mated;
In described negative impedance converter, comprise two low noise DJ transistors, biasing resistor, choke induction, capacitance and loads; The base stage of low noise DJ transistor A connects respectively biasing resistor R
z1, choke induction L
x2with capacitance C
x2, biasing resistor R
z1the other end is by choke induction L
x4connect respectively collector electrode and the load inductance L of low noise DJ transistor A
l, choke induction L
x2the other end is by biasing resistor R
y1connect respectively biasing resistor R
x1and ground connection, biasing resistor R
x1the other end is by choke induction L
x1connect respectively capacitance C
x1emitter with low noise DJ transistor A; Described capacitance C
x2the other end connects respectively choke induction L
x3, load capacitance C
l, choke induction L
x5with the collector electrode of low noise DJ transistor B, choke induction L
x3the other end connects power supply V
dc1positive pole, load capacitance C
lthe other end connects load inductance L
lthe other end, choke induction L
x5the other end is by biasing resistor R
z2connect respectively capacitance C
x3, choke induction L
x6with the base stage of low noise DJ transistor B, capacitance C
x3the other end is by choke induction L
x8connect power supply V
dc2positive pole, choke induction L
x6the other end is by biasing resistor R
y2connect respectively biasing resistor R
x2, capacitance C
x4and ground connection, biasing resistor R
x2the other end is by choke induction L
x7connect respectively emitter and the capacitance C of low noise DJ transistor B
x4the other end.
As the further scheme of the present invention: described choke induction and capacitance acting in conjunction make the circuit of realizing non-Foster reactance component have suitable DC channel and alternating current path.
As further scheme of the present invention: the model of described low noise DJ transistor is NE68133.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The present invention has considered the realization of non-Foster reactance component and passive broadband matching network, complete the overall process of electronically small antenna coupling, in the implementation procedure of non-Foster reactance component, can regulate and control the loss of introducing, make the loss of introducing be unlikely to the excessive realization of passive broadband matching network below that is conducive to again, in the time utilizing non-Foster reactance component to offset electronically small antenna imaginary impedance, replace traditional single negative capacitance with the tandem compound of negative capacitance and negative inductance, make neutralization effect better, the present invention can evaluate matches network loss and calculate the actual gain of considering matching network aft antenna, and in matching network, introduce line transformer, can carry out the deviation between compensating test value and design load by the no-load voltage ratio of fine setting line transformer.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the theory diagram of realizing non-Foster reactance component in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a kind of passive broadband matching network circuit diagram in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is another kind of passive broadband matching network circuit diagram in the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the circuit theory diagrams of realizing non-Foster reactance component in the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the pc equivalent circuit figure of negative impedance converter in the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the ac equivalent circuit figure of negative impedance converter in the present invention.
Fig. 8 be in the present invention active broadband matching network at the loss computing block diagram of each frequency.
Fig. 9 is the electrical characteristics computing block diagram of considering electronically small antenna after active broadband matching network in the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out to clear, complete description, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtaining under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Refer to Fig. 1, in the embodiment of the present invention, a kind of active wide-band matching method and match circuit thereof of shortwave frequency range electronically small antenna, electronically small antenna connects the port one of negative impedance converter, the non-Foster reactance component of realizing by negative impedance converter is offset the excessive imaginary impedance of electronically small antenna, the port 3 of the port 2 connected with passive broadband matching networks of negative impedance converter, convert by the antenna impedance after passive broadband matching network pair and the effect of non-Foster reactance component, the port 4 of passive broadband matching network connects emittor/receiver.
Refer to Fig. 2, negative impedance converter is considered as to an one port network, port voltage
and load voltage
between pass be:
, the electric current flowing into from port
electric current with the load of flowing through
between pass be:
, due to input impedance
, load impedance
so, can obtain
relation, thereby realize negative impedance conversion.
Refer to Fig. 3～4, passive broadband matching network comprises line transformer, inductance and electric capacity; Passive broadband matching network has two types, and one type as shown in Figure 3, and line transformer T connects respectively capacitor C 1 and inductance L 2 by inductance L 1, and inductance L 2 other ends connect respectively capacitor C 2 and inductance L 3, and inductance L 3 other ends connect respectively capacitor C 3 and load Z
l; The another kind of type of passive broadband matching network as shown in Figure 4, line transformer T connects respectively capacitor C 1 and inductance L 1, inductance L 1 other end connects respectively capacitor C 2 and inductance L 2, and inductance L 2 other ends connect respectively capacitor C 3 and inductance L 3, and inductance L 3 other ends connect load Z
l; Z
lfor the impedance after electronically small antenna and the effect of non-Foster reactance component, in figure, the component value of inductance, electric capacity and the no-load voltage ratio of line transformer can be calculated or be utilized the optimizational function of ADS to determine by real method frequently.
Refer to Fig. 5, in the active broadband matching circuit of shortwave frequency range electronically small antenna, in negative impedance converter, comprise two low noise DJ transistors, biasing resistor, choke induction, capacitance and loads; The base stage of low noise DJ transistor A connects respectively biasing resistor R
z1, choke induction L
x2with capacitance C
x2, biasing resistor R
z1the other end connects respectively collector electrode and the load inductance L of low noise DJ transistor A by choke induction Lx4
l, choke induction L
x2the other end is by biasing resistor R
y1connect respectively biasing resistor R
x1and ground connection, biasing resistor R
x1the other end is by choke induction L
x1connect respectively capacitance C
x1emitter with low noise DJ transistor A; Described capacitance C
x2the other end connects respectively choke induction L
x3, load capacitance C
l, choke induction L
x5with the collector electrode of low noise DJ transistor B, choke induction L
x3the other end connects power supply V
dc1positive pole, load capacitance C
lthe other end connects load inductance L
lthe other end, choke induction L
x5the other end is by biasing resistor R
z2connect respectively capacitance C
x3, choke induction L
x6with the base stage of low noise DJ transistor B, capacitance C
x3the other end is by choke induction L
x8connect power supply V
dc2positive pole, choke induction L
x6the other end is by biasing resistor R
y2connect respectively biasing resistor R
x2, capacitance C
x4and ground connection, biasing resistor R
x2the other end is by choke induction L
x7connect respectively emitter and the capacitance C of low noise DJ transistor B
x4the other end.
The model of low noise DJ transistor is NE68133, and the effect of biasing resistor is to determine transistorized working point, the effect of choke induction be perfectly straight stream every interchange, to be that stopping direct current is logical exchange in the effect of capacitance.
Refer to Fig. 6～7, choke induction and capacitance acting in conjunction make the circuit of realizing non-Foster reactance component have suitable DC channel and alternating current path, determine transistorized quiescent point by DC channel, determine the no-load voltage ratio of negative impedance converter by alternating current path, by regulating the size of biasing resistor to move transistorized working point and changing the loss size that negative impedance converter is introduced.
Refer to Fig. 3～9, the concrete implementation step of the active wide-band matching method of shortwave frequency range electronically small antenna is as follows:
(1) obtain the impedance data of electronically small antenna.Obtain impedance data and a port Parameter File of shortwave frequency range electronically small antenna by the emulation of electromagnetism software for calculation or experiment measuring.
(2) determine the size of each element in negative impedance converter.Determine the size of capacitance and choke induction according to frequency range of living in, make them can in this frequency range, really play stopping direct current and lead to the effect exchanging with every exchanging perfectly straight stream; Choose the load as negative impedance converter of suitable electric capacity and inductance tandem compound according to the feature of electronically small antenna imaginary impedance, make the non-Foster reactance component of realizing can farthest offset the imaginary impedance of electronically small antenna; The size of determining biasing resistor according to transistorized databook used and pc equivalent circuit, is operated on the working point of expectation transistor.
(3) size of each element in adjusting negative impedance converter.In ADS, utilize the port Parameter File obtaining in step (1) to set up a port parameter model of antenna, set up the circuit theory diagrams of negative impedance converter according to preliminary definite component value in step (2), the two is connected, check and the impedance operator of non-Foster reactance component effect aft antenna, regulate the load of negative impedance converter and biasing resistor to make the absolute value minimum of antenna impedance imaginary part surplus and the recruitment of impedance real part is few.The increase of impedance real part will be presented as the loss of negative impedance converter, but on the other hand, the increase of impedance real part is conducive to the design of next step passive broadband matching network, so the increase of impedance real part need to be controlled in suitable scope, the passive broadband matching network in tolerance interval and below of loss of introducing can be designed.
Wherein, ADS is the electronic design automation software of Agilent company of U.S. exploitation, its full name is Advanced Design System, it is the main flow automation tools of current radio frequency and microwave regime Electronic Design, this software function is powerful, simulation means abundant, can greatly improve the design efficiency of complicated circuit.
(4) determine passive broadband matching network.Choose suitable network configuration at this according to the impedance feature after antenna and the effect of non-Foster reactance component, taking the impedance after antenna and the effect of non-Foster reactance component as match objects, utilize optimizational function or the real algorithm frequently of ADS to determine the numerical value of each element and the no-load voltage ratio of line transformer in network, reach final coupling requirement.
(5) calculate the electrical characteristics of mating aft antenna.In ADS, directly obtain considering that the port identity of electronically small antenna after active broadband matching network is as input impedance and voltage standing wave ratio.In ADS, be added in one end of active broadband matching network in the initial impedance value of each frequency with electronically small antenna, by calculating
can obtain the loss of active broadband matching network at each frequency.In ADS, extract two port parameters of active broadband matching network, in electromagnetism software for calculation, utilize two port parameters that obtain to set up two-port network, this two-port network is connected with antenna model, calculates and consider that the various electrical quantitys of active matching network aft antenna comprise gain.
The present invention has considered the realization of non-Foster reactance component and passive broadband matching network, complete the overall process of electronically small antenna coupling, in the implementation procedure of non-Foster reactance component, can regulate and control the loss of introducing, make the loss of introducing be unlikely to the excessive realization of passive broadband matching network below that is conducive to again, in the time utilizing non-Foster reactance component to offset electronically small antenna imaginary impedance, replace traditional single negative capacitance with the tandem compound of negative capacitance and negative inductance, make neutralization effect better, the present invention can evaluate matches network loss and calculate the actual gain of considering matching network aft antenna, and in matching network, introduce line transformer, by the no-load voltage ratio of fine setting line transformer can compensating test value and design load between deviation.
To those skilled in the art, obviously the invention is not restricted to the details of above-mentioned example embodiment, and in the situation that not deviating from spirit of the present invention or essential characteristic, can realize the present invention with other concrete form.Therefore, no matter from which point, all should regard embodiment as exemplary, and be nonrestrictive, scope of the present invention is limited by claims instead of above-mentioned explanation, is therefore intended to all changes that drop in the implication and the scope that are equal to important document of claim to include in the present invention.Any Reference numeral in claim should be considered as limiting related claim.
In addition, be to be understood that, although this specification is described according to execution mode, but be not that each execution mode only comprises an independently technical scheme, this narrating mode of specification is only for clarity sake, those skilled in the art should make specification as a whole, and the technical scheme in each embodiment also can, through appropriately combined, form other execution modes that it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that.
Claims (4)
1. the active wide-band matching method of a shortwave frequency range electronically small antenna, it is characterized in that, adopt the active broadband network being formed by non-Foster reactance component and passive broadband matching network cascade to realize the coupling between electronically small antenna and transmitter or receiver as matching network; Electronically small antenna connects the port one of negative impedance converter, the non-Foster reactance component of realizing by negative impedance converter is offset the excessive imaginary impedance of electronically small antenna, the port 3 of the port 2 connected with passive broadband matching networks of negative impedance converter, convert by the antenna impedance after passive broadband matching network pair and the effect of non-Foster reactance component, the port 4 of passive broadband matching network connects emittor/receiver;
Its concrete operation step is as follows: (1) obtains the impedance data of electronically small antenna by the emulation of electromagnetism software for calculation or experiment measuring; (2) determine the size of each element in negative impedance converter; (3) size of each element in adjusting negative impedance converter; (4) determine passive broadband matching network; (5) calculate the electrical characteristics of mating aft antenna.
2. a match circuit for the active wide-band matching method of shortwave frequency range electronically small antenna as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises passive broadband matching network and negative impedance converter; Described passive broadband matching network comprises line transformer, inductance and electric capacity, forms two kinds of dissimilar passive broadband matching networks, to mating with the antenna impedance after the effect of non-Foster reactance component by the connected mode that changes inductance and electric capacity;
In described negative impedance converter, comprise two low noise DJ transistors, biasing resistor, choke induction, capacitance and loads; The base stage of low noise DJ transistor A connects respectively biasing resistor R
z1, choke induction L
x2with capacitance C
x2, biasing resistor R
z1the other end is by choke induction L
x4connect respectively collector electrode and the load inductance L of low noise DJ transistor A
l, choke induction L
x2the other end is by biasing resistor R
y1connect respectively biasing resistor R
x1and ground connection, biasing resistor R
x1the other end is by choke induction L
x1connect respectively capacitance C
x1emitter with low noise DJ transistor A; Described capacitance C
x2the other end connects respectively choke induction L
x3, load capacitance C
l, choke induction L
x5with the collector electrode of low noise DJ transistor B, choke induction L
x3the other end connects power supply V
dc1positive pole, load capacitance C
lthe other end connects load inductance L
lthe other end, choke induction L
x5the other end is by biasing resistor R
z2connect respectively capacitance C
x3, choke induction L
x6with the base stage of low noise DJ transistor B, capacitance C
x3the other end is by choke induction L
x8connect power supply V
dc2positive pole, choke induction L
x6the other end is by biasing resistor R
y2connect respectively biasing resistor R
x2, capacitance C
x4and ground connection, biasing resistor R
x2the other end is by choke induction L
x7connect respectively emitter and the capacitance C of low noise DJ transistor B
x4the other end.
3. the match circuit of the active wide-band matching method of shortwave frequency range electronically small antenna according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described choke induction and capacitance acting in conjunction make the circuit of realizing non-Foster reactance component have suitable DC channel and alternating current path.
4. according to the match circuit of the broadband active matching process of the shortwave frequency range electronically small antenna one of claim 2～3 Suo Shu, it is characterized in that, the model of described low noise DJ transistor is NE68133.
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| CN105811110A (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-07-27 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | Matching circuit system and impedance matching method |
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| WO2016151332A1 (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2016-09-29 | Smart Antenna Technologies Ltd | Antenna impedance matching using negative impedance converter and pre- and post-matching networks |
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| CN107369879A (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2017-11-21 | 西安电子科技大学 | A kind of antenna |
| CN108173557A (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2018-06-15 | 汽-大众汽车有限公司 | A kind of active matching network equipment |
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| CN111146574A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-12 | 重庆邮电大学 | Miniaturized discone antenna based on non-Foster matching circuit |
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| CN113676265A (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2021-11-19 | 中国电波传播研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第二十二研究所） | Method for determining power gain of active monopole antenna |
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| WO2016151332A1 (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2016-09-29 | Smart Antenna Technologies Ltd | Antenna impedance matching using negative impedance converter and pre- and post-matching networks |
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| CN106656054B (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2020-05-26 | 重庆邮电大学 | High-linearity Doherty power amplifier based on active non-Foster circuit |
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| CN107369879A (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2017-11-21 | 西安电子科技大学 | A kind of antenna |
| CN107369879B (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2020-01-07 | 西安电子科技大学 | Antenna |
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| CN108173557B (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2023-09-26 | 一汽-大众汽车有限公司 | Active matching network device |
| CN110765494A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2020-02-07 | 哈尔滨安天科技集团股份有限公司 | Pin terminal matching circuit for reducing side channel information leakage |
| CN110222414A (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2019-09-10 | 杭州电子科技大学温州研究院有限公司 | A method of improving CPT transmission circuit power |
| CN111146574A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-12 | 重庆邮电大学 | Miniaturized discone antenna based on non-Foster matching circuit |
| CN111146574B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2022-05-03 | 重庆邮电大学 | Miniaturized discone antenna based on non-Foster matching circuit |
| CN111666731A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-09-15 | 电子科技大学 | Ultrathin ultra-wideband flat wave absorber based on non-Foster circuit and design method thereof |
| CN113676265A (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2021-11-19 | 中国电波传播研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第二十二研究所） | Method for determining power gain of active monopole antenna |
| CN113676265B (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2023-06-23 | 中国电波传播研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第二十二研究所） | Method for determining power gain of active monopole antenna |
| CN114978919A (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-08-30 | 湖南大学 | Transducer bandwidth widening method and device using switch type non-Foster system |
| CN114978919B (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2024-01-09 | 湖南大学 | Method and device for widening bandwidth of transducer by using switch type non-foster system |
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