CN102195591A - Linear electrically controlled attenuator - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a linear electrically controlled attenuator, which comprises a four-PIN diode II-type attenuator and a reversing amplifier. The linear electrically controlled attenuator is realized by connecting the four-PIN diode II-type attenuator and the reversing amplifier, changes the control of the conventional attenuator over series-wound PIN diodes into the control over parallel diodes and effectively overcomes the shortcomings of poor control linearity and narrow linear control range of the conventional attenuator so as to be highly consistent, substantially not required to be debugged and convenient to produce in batches. The linear electrically controlled attenuator has the greatly widened linear control range of higher than 40dB and nonlinearity higher than +/-1dB, can work in the wide frequency range of 20 to 500MHz, and is applied in the fields of radio frequency (RF) and microwave networks such as communication, radars, sonar, electronic countermeasures and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of linear electrically controlled attenuator, particularly a kind of linear electrically controlled attenuator that constitutes by PIN diode.Its direct application is RF, microwave network fields such as communication, radar, sonar and electronic countermeasures.
Background technology
One of implementation of traditional electrical controlled attenuator is to adopt PIN diode: from less than the variable resistance (attenuator) of 1 Ω to 10k Ω, the radio frequency operation signal can reach 50GHz at the resistance range of high band PIN diode.The resistance sizes of PIN diode is controlled by the forward current size that flows through on it.
The primary structure of PIN diode pipe electrically controlled attenuator has ∏ type structure and T type structure.Wherein the ∏ type attenuator that is made of four PIN diode is because its symmetry of input and output is relatively good, and biasing circuit is simple, is convenient to multistage direct cascade and obtained using widely, and the circuit block diagram of conventional linear electrically controlled attenuator as shown in Figure 1.
The ∏ type attenuator that traditional four PIN diode constitute has characteristics such as cheap, simple in structure, the control characteristic figure of traditional four PIN diode ∏ type attenuators as shown in Figure 3, the non-constant of its control linearity as seen from Figure 3.Because control poor linearity, control voltage changes a bit a little and will cause the attenuation acute variation, so the consistency between the differential declines device is difficult to coupling well, can not satisfy multipath reception system to control consistency and the demanding application requirements of the control linearity.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to invent a kind of new linear electrically controlled attenuator, solve not only that traditional electrical controlled attenuator poor linearity, range of linearity control are little, the problem of consistency difference and debug difficulties, and can satisfy current multipath reception system well to the control linearity and the conforming requirement of control, can the multistage easily attenuator that directly is cascaded into high attenuation, be convenient to produce in batches.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme of being taked and is that the linear electrically controlled attenuator of inventing comprises:
One four PIN diode ∏ type attenuator, to decaying from the signal of external input terminals IN, its input links to each other with IN by partiting dc capacitor C1, and its output links to each other with output OUT by partiting dc capacitor C2, and its power end links to each other with the power end Vcc of sign-changing amplifier; With
A sign-changing amplifier, to be transformed into ∏ type attenuator control signal corresponding linearly from the decay control voltage signal of outside, carry out level conversion simultaneously, its input links to each other with external attenuation control end Vcon, its output links to each other with the decay control end Vcon1 of described four PIN diode ∏ type attenuators, and its power end is Vcc.
Described four PIN diode ∏ type attenuators comprise:
Two partiting dc capacitor C1, C2, wherein, the end of C1 links to each other with external input terminals IN, and the other end of C1 links to each other with the end of R1, and the end of C2 links to each other with the end of R6, and the other end of C2 links to each other with output OUT; With
Input PIN diode D1 in parallel, input series connection PIN diode D2, output series connection PIN diode D3, an output-parallel PIN diode D4, filter capacitor C3, a filter capacitor C4, wherein, the negative electrode of D1 links to each other with the negative electrode of D2, the anode of D1 is through C3 ground connection, the anode of D2 links to each other with the anode of D3, the negative electrode of D4 links to each other with the negative electrode of D3, and the anode of D4 is through C4 ground connection; With
Biasing resistor R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, wherein, the end of R4 links to each other with external power source end Vcc, the other end of R4 is by R3 ground connection, and link to each other with the anode of D2 and the anode of D3 respectively, the end of R2 links to each other with the decay control end Vcon1 of described four PIN diode ∏ type attenuators, the other end of R2 links to each other with the anode of D1, and through C3 ground connection, the end of R5 links to each other with the decay control end Vcon1 of described four PIN diode ∏ type attenuators, the other end of R5 links to each other with the anode of D4, and through capacitor C 4 ground connection, the end of R1 links to each other with the negative electrode of D1 and the negative electrode of D2 respectively, the other end ground connection of R1, the end of R6 links to each other with the negative electrode of D4 and the negative electrode of D3 respectively, the other end ground connection of R6.
Described sign-changing amplifier comprises:
Single supply Rail-To-Rail operational amplifier IC1, resistance R 7, R8, R9, R10, wherein, the positive power source terminal of IC1 links to each other with external power source end Vcc, the positive input terminal of IC1 joins through R7 and external power source end Vcc, and through R8 ground connection, the negative input end of IC1 links to each other with external attenuation control end Vcon through R10, and links to each other with the decay control end Vcon1 of described four PIN diode ∏ type attenuators and the output of IC1 through R9.
Described partiting dc capacitor C1, C2 are conventional common electric capacity, and capacitance is 1000pF~0.1 μ F, and described filter capacitor C3, C4 are conventional common electric capacity, and capacitance is 0.01 μ F~0.1 μ F.
Described input PIN diode D1 in parallel, input series connection PIN diode D2, output series connection PIN diode D3, output-parallel PIN diode D4 are conventional quick PIN diode, its reverse breakdown voltage V
BR〉=100V, its resistance minimum value≤10 Ω, its resistance maximum 〉=1500 Ω, its junction capacitance≤0.35pF.
Described single supply Rail-To-Rail operational amplifier IC1 is conventional single supply Rail-To-Rail operational amplifier, its operating voltage 〉=18V, and its gain bandwidth product 〉=10MHz has Rail-To-Rail input and output function.
Described biasing resistor R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and resistance R 7, R8, R9, R10 are conventional conventional, electric-resistance, wherein, the resistance value of R1, R6 is 0.8~1.2k Ω, the resistance value of R2, R5 is 400~600 Ω, the resistance value of R3 is 1.8~2.2k Ω, and the resistance value of R4 is 600~900 Ω, and the resistance value of R7, R8 is 5.1~7.5k Ω, the resistance value of R10 is 33~47k Ω, and the resistance value of R9 is 30~43k Ω.
Beneficial effect:
Linear electrically controlled attenuator of the present invention adopts four PIN diode ∏ type attenuators and a sign-changing amplifier to interconnect and realizes.Compare with traditional linear electrically controlled attenuator, it has following characteristics:
1. circuit of the present invention adopts four PIN diode ∏ type attenuators and a sign-changing amplifier to interconnect and realizes, conventional attenuator is controlled to change into to the series connection PIN diode parallel diode is controlled.1) solved linear difference of conventional attenuator control and the little shortcoming of range of linearity control effectively, so the consistency of circuit of the present invention is fine, need not debug substantially, is convenient to produce in enormous quantities.2) Fig. 5 is the control characteristic figure of the concrete four PIN diode ∏ type attenuators of implementing of the present invention, can get by Fig. 5, the range of linearity control of circuit of the present invention can reach more than the 40dB, nonlinearity is better than ± 1dB, and its range of linearity control of traditional electrical controlled attenuator has only and (can be got by Fig. 3) about 10dB, so circuit of the present invention has significantly been expanded the range of linearity control of linear electrically controlled attenuator.3) circuit of the present invention can be operated in 20MHz~500MHz (can be got by Fig. 6), so the operating frequency range of circuit of the present invention is wide.
2. the present invention's structure symmetry fully of adopting four PIN diode ∏ type attenuators is used interchangeably the input/output terminal of linear electrically controlled attenuator of the present invention, also the direct linear electrically controlled attenuator of multi-stage cascade Cheng Gengda control range.
3. linear electrically controlled attenuator of the present invention can be worked under the supply voltage of 5~12V, and its range of linearity control can reach more than the 40dB, and nonlinearity is better than ± 1dB, and the traditional electrical controlled attenuator its requiring little range of linearity control also to have only 10dB on an equal basis.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the circuit block diagram of conventional linear electrically controlled attenuator;
Fig. 2 is the circuit block diagram of linear electrically controlled attenuator of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the control characteristic figure of traditional four PIN diode ∏ type attenuators;
Fig. 4 is the electrical schematic diagram of the concrete linear electrically controlled attenuator of implementing of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the control characteristic figure of the concrete four PIN diode ∏ type attenuators of implementing of the present invention;
Fig. 6 be the present invention concrete implement the control characteristic and the frequency relation figure of four PIN diode ∏ type attenuators.
Embodiment
Summary of the invention in the specification of the present invention is exactly a specific embodiment, here repeated description no longer.Only further specify its operation principle below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and to the requirement of each component parameters.
Circuit block diagram of the present invention as shown in Figure 2, linear electrically controlled attenuator circuit of the present invention comprises that one four PIN diode ∏ type attenuator and a sign-changing amplifier interconnect to be realized.
The electrical schematic diagram of the concrete linear electrically controlled attenuator of implementing of the present invention as shown in Figure 4.The attenuation of described four PIN diode ∏ type attenuators is controlled by decay control end Vcon.Its operation principle is as follows: power source voltage Vcc, resistance R 3, R4, R1 and PIN diode D2 constitute the fixed bias of input series connection part; Power source voltage Vcc, resistance R 3, R4, R6 and PIN diode D3 constitute the fixed bias of output series connection part; The decay control end Vcon1 of four PIN diode ∏ type attenuators, resistance R 2, R1 and PIN diode D1 constitute the controlled biasing of input part in parallel; Vcon1, resistance R 5, R6 and PIN diode D4 constitute the controlled biasing of output-parallel part; When Vcon1 increased, the electric current that flows through D1, D4 increased, and its resistance value reduces; Voltage on R1, the R6 raises simultaneously, and the electric current increase and decrease of flowing through D2, D3 is little, and its resistance value increases; The attenuation of whole attenuator increases; When Vcon1 reduced, the electric current that flows through D1, D4 reduced, and its resistance value increases; The voltage of R1, R6 reduces simultaneously, and the electric current that flows through D2, D3 increases, and its resistance value reduces; The attenuation of whole attenuator reduces, thereby has realized being controlled by Vcon1 the purpose of the attenuation of ∏ type attenuator.
Described sign-changing amplifier, its input links to each other with external attenuation control broken ends of fractured bone Vcon, its output links to each other with the decay control end Vcon1 of four PIN diode ∏ type attenuators, to be transformed into ∏ type attenuator control signal corresponding linearly from the decay control voltage signal of outside, and carry out level conversion simultaneously.The control slope that resistance R 9 among Fig. 3, R10 determine whole attenuator; Resistance R 7, the R8 effect that prosposition moves that electrifies.
In Fig. 4, described partiting dc capacitor C1, C2 are conventional common electric capacity, and capacitance is 1000pF~0.1 μ F, and described filter capacitor C3, C4 are conventional common electric capacity, and capacitance is 0.01 μ F~0.1 μ F.
Described input PIN diode D1 in parallel, input series connection PIN diode D2, output series connection PIN diode D3, output-parallel PIN diode D4 are conventional quick PIN diode, as the HSMP-38XX series of Aglient company, the SMP13XX series of Skyworks company, its reverse breakdown voltage V
BR〉=100V, its resistance minimum value≤10 Ω, its resistance maximum 〉=1500 Ω, its junction capacitance≤0.35pF.
Described single supply Rail-To-Rail operational amplifier IC1 is conventional single supply Rail-To-Rail operational amplifier, its operating voltage 〉=18V, and its gain bandwidth product 〉=10MHz has Rail-To-Rail input and output function.
Described biasing resistor R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and resistance R 7, R8, R9, R10 are conventional conventional, electric-resistance, wherein, the resistance value of R1, R6 is 0.8~1.2k Ω, the resistance value of R2, R5 is 400~600 Ω, the resistance value of R3 is 1.8~2.2k Ω, and the resistance value of R4 is 600~900 Ω, and the resistance value of R7, R8 is 5.1~7.5k Ω, the resistance value of R10 is 33~47k Ω, and the resistance value of R9 is 30~43k Ω.
Utilize Ansoft software, under the Designer simulated environment, circuit theory diagrams of the present invention are carried out emulation.The simulation result of Simulation Control voltage of the present invention and attenuation has mainly adopted following steps as shown in Figure 5 in simulation process:
1) the linear emulation of the employing of circuit, fixedly stimulation frequency is 60MHz,
2) external control voltage Vcon is carried out emulation from 0~11V with the 0.1V step-length.
Utilize Ansoft software, under the Designer simulated environment, to of the present invention under difference control voltage attenuation and frequency concern simulation result as shown in Figure 6, in simulation process, mainly adopted following steps:
1) the linear emulation of the employing of circuit, stimulation frequency is 10~500MHz, logarithm emulation, 100 per 10 octaves.
2) external control voltage Vcon is carried out emulation from 0~11V with the 1V step-length.
The circuit measured result figure of four PIN diode ∏ type attenuators of the present invention is consistent with simulation result, is under-55 ℃~85 ℃ conditions in working temperature, and the control linearity and consistency change little, and temperature stability is good.
Linear electrically controlled attenuator of the present invention adopts SMT (Surface Mounting Technology) the technology manufacturing of standard.
Claims (7)
1. linear electrically controlled attenuator is characterized in that it comprises:
One four PIN diode ∏ type attenuator, to decaying from the signal of external input terminals IN, its input links to each other with IN by partiting dc capacitor C1, and its output links to each other with output OUT by partiting dc capacitor C2, and its power end links to each other with the power end Vcc of sign-changing amplifier; With
A sign-changing amplifier, to be transformed into ∏ type attenuator control signal corresponding linearly from the decay control voltage signal of outside, carry out level conversion simultaneously, its input links to each other with external attenuation control end Vcon, its output links to each other with the decay control end Vcon1 of described four PIN diode ∏ type attenuators, and its power end is Vcc.
2. linear electrically controlled attenuator according to claim 1 is characterized in that described four PIN diode ∏ type attenuators comprise:
Two partiting dc capacitor C1, C2, wherein, the end of C1 links to each other with external input terminals IN, and the other end of C1 links to each other with the end of R1, and the end of C2 links to each other with the end of R6, and the other end of C2 links to each other with output OUT; With
Input PIN diode D1 in parallel, input series connection PIN diode D2, output series connection PIN diode D3, an output-parallel PIN diode D4, filter capacitor C3, a filter capacitor C4, wherein, the negative electrode of D1 links to each other with the negative electrode of D2, the anode of D1 is through C3 ground connection, the anode of D2 links to each other with the anode of D3, the negative electrode of D4 links to each other with the negative electrode of D3, and the anode of D4 is through C4 ground connection; With
Biasing resistor R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, wherein, the end of R4 links to each other with external power source end Vcc, the other end of R4 is by R3 ground connection, and link to each other with the anode of D2 and the anode of D3 respectively, the end of R2 links to each other with the decay control end Vcon1 of described four PIN diode ∏ type attenuators, the other end of R2 links to each other with the anode of D1, and through C3 ground connection, the end of R5 links to each other with the decay control end Vcon1 of described four PIN diode ∏ type attenuators, the other end of R5 links to each other with the anode of D4, and through capacitor C 4 ground connection, the end of R1 links to each other with the negative electrode of D1 and the negative electrode of D2 respectively, the other end ground connection of R1, the end of R6 links to each other with the negative electrode of D4 and the negative electrode of D3 respectively, the other end ground connection of R6.
3. linear electrically controlled attenuator according to claim 1 is characterized in that described sign-changing amplifier comprises:
Single supply Rail-To-Rail operational amplifier IC1, resistance R 7, R8, R9, R10, wherein, the positive power source terminal of IC1 links to each other with external power source end Vcc, the positive input terminal of IC1 joins through R7 and external power source end Vcc, and through R8 ground connection, the negative input end of IC1 links to each other with external attenuation control end Vcon through R10, and links to each other with the decay control end Vcon1 of described four PIN diode ∏ type attenuators and the output of IC1 through R9.
4. linear electrically controlled attenuator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described partiting dc capacitor C1, C2 are conventional common electric capacity, capacitance is 1000pF~0.1 μ F, and described filter capacitor C3, C4 are conventional common electric capacity, and capacitance is 0.01 μ F~0.1 μ F.
5. linear electrically controlled attenuator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described input PIN diode D1 in parallel, input series connection PIN diode D2, output series connection PIN diode D3, output-parallel PIN diode D4 are conventional quick PIN diode, its reverse breakdown voltage V
BR〉=100V, its resistance minimum value≤10 Ω, its resistance maximum 〉=1500 Ω, its junction capacitance≤0.35pF.
6. linear electrically controlled attenuator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described single supply Rail-To-Rail operational amplifier IC1 is conventional single supply Rail-To-Rail operational amplifier, its operating voltage 〉=18V, its gain bandwidth product 〉=10MHz has Rail-To-Rail input and output function.
7. linear electrically controlled attenuator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described biasing resistor R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and resistance R 7, R8, R9, R10 are conventional conventional, electric-resistance, wherein, the resistance value of R1, R6 is 0.8~1.2k Ω, the resistance value of R2, R5 is 400~600 Ω, the resistance value of R3 is 1.8~2.2k Ω, the resistance value of R4 is 600~900 Ω, the resistance value of R7, R8 is 5.1~7.5k Ω, the resistance value of R10 is 33~47k Ω, and the resistance value of R9 is 30~43k Ω.
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN104410809A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2015-03-11 | 成都康特电子高新科技有限责任公司 | Level attenuator based on broadcast television network system |
CN104579236A (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2015-04-29 | 南京国博电子有限公司 | Unsymmetrical microwave digital attenuator circuit and control method thereof |
CN106374850A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2017-02-01 | 江苏林洋能源股份有限公司 | Voltage-controlled continuously adjustable attenuation circuit |
CN107070414A (en) * | 2017-03-02 | 2017-08-18 | 广州程星通信科技有限公司 | One kind digitlization pre-distortion linearizer |
CN109495083A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-03-19 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | Bipolarity electrically controlled attenuator |
CN109546988A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-03-29 | 河北耀晴电子科技有限公司 | A kind of diode microwave voltage-controlled attenuator linear control method |
CN113315484A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-08-27 | 广州市迪士普音响科技有限公司 | Wireless broadcast exciter and PIN attenuation circuit |
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CN1638295A (en) * | 2003-12-24 | 2005-07-13 | 乐金电子(中国)研究开发中心有限公司 | Variable attenuator utilizingn PIN diode |
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Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN104410809A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2015-03-11 | 成都康特电子高新科技有限责任公司 | Level attenuator based on broadcast television network system |
CN104579236A (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2015-04-29 | 南京国博电子有限公司 | Unsymmetrical microwave digital attenuator circuit and control method thereof |
CN106374850A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2017-02-01 | 江苏林洋能源股份有限公司 | Voltage-controlled continuously adjustable attenuation circuit |
CN106374850B (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2019-05-07 | 江苏林洋能源股份有限公司 | A kind of voltage-controlled continuously adjustable attenuator circuit |
CN107070414A (en) * | 2017-03-02 | 2017-08-18 | 广州程星通信科技有限公司 | One kind digitlization pre-distortion linearizer |
WO2018157462A1 (en) * | 2017-03-02 | 2018-09-07 | 广州程星通信科技有限公司 | Digitized predistortion linearizer |
CN109495083A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-03-19 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | Bipolarity electrically controlled attenuator |
CN109495083B (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2022-04-19 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | Bipolar electrically-controlled attenuator |
CN109546988A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-03-29 | 河北耀晴电子科技有限公司 | A kind of diode microwave voltage-controlled attenuator linear control method |
CN113315484A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-08-27 | 广州市迪士普音响科技有限公司 | Wireless broadcast exciter and PIN attenuation circuit |
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