CN110765494A - Pin terminal matching circuit for reducing side channel information leakage - Google Patents
Pin terminal matching circuit for reducing side channel information leakage Download PDFInfo
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- CN110765494A CN110765494A CN201811395957.5A CN201811395957A CN110765494A CN 110765494 A CN110765494 A CN 110765494A CN 201811395957 A CN201811395957 A CN 201811395957A CN 110765494 A CN110765494 A CN 110765494A
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- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
- G06F21/70—Protecting specific internal or peripheral components, in which the protection of a component leads to protection of the entire computer
- G06F21/71—Protecting specific internal or peripheral components, in which the protection of a component leads to protection of the entire computer to assure secure computing or processing of information
- G06F21/76—Protecting specific internal or peripheral components, in which the protection of a component leads to protection of the entire computer to assure secure computing or processing of information in application-specific integrated circuits [ASIC] or field-programmable devices, e.g. field-programmable gate arrays [FPGA] or programmable logic devices [PLD]
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pin terminal matching circuit for reducing side channel information leakage, which is sequentially connected in series from a signal sending end to a signal receiving end: the broadband impedance converter, the segmented inductance-adding connecting line and the Davining matching resistor; the broadband impedance converter is used for increasing the output impedance of the pin of the signal sending end based on the transmission line transformer principle; the segmented inductance-adding connecting line is used for increasing the characteristic impedance of the transmission line; the resistance value of the Davinin matching resistor is equal to the characteristic impedance of the segmented inductance-adding connecting line by adopting a Davinin equivalent circuit and is directly connected to a signal receiving terminal pin; the signal sending terminal pin and the signal receiving terminal pin are pins of a high-speed digital signal related chip. The pin terminal matching circuit can effectively reduce side channel information leakage caused by antenna effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of chip safety, in particular to a pin terminal matching circuit design for reducing side channel information leakage.
Background
With the increasing application of high-speed digital signals and high-speed digital signal related chips (e.g., high-speed peripheral bus interface chips, high-speed memory chips), the routing of high-speed digital signal connection lines (e.g., Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs)) has become a common-sense means in the design of high-speed digital circuits, in which a terminal matching circuit must be designed at the connection line terminal to ensure signal integrity. The design of the termination matching circuit is generally based on a transmission line model, in which a high-speed digital signal connection line is used as a high-frequency transmission line. However, although the terminal matching circuit design based on the transmission line model can better ensure signal integrity, the antenna effect of the high-speed digital signal connection line is ignored to a certain extent, so that the high-speed digital signal connection line may become a side channel information leakage source.
Currently, side channel information leakage has become an important means for security attacks on computer hardware and chips, and serious leakage of important security-related information, such as password or key leakage, can be caused through the side channel. Due to the characteristics of electromagnetic fields and electromagnetic waves, the higher the transmission rate of digital signals, the higher the equivalent frequency, the more serious the antenna effect of the high-speed digital signal connection line, and the greater the possibility of becoming a side channel information leakage source. Therefore, it is helpful to reduce the antenna effect of the high-speed digital signal connection line while ensuring the signal integrity.
Disclosure of Invention
The high-speed digital signal connecting line terminal matching circuit aims at the problem that a traditional high-speed digital signal connecting line terminal matching circuit only focuses on signal integrity, but neglects potential safety hazards of side channel information leakage possibly caused by the antenna effect of the high-speed digital signal connecting line. According to the invention, the broadband impedance converter, the segmented inductance-adding connecting line and the Davining matching resistor are added between the signal sending end and the signal receiving end, so that the possibility of side channel information leakage is effectively reduced on the premise of ensuring the integrity of signals, and the safety of computer hardware is effectively improved.
The invention is realized by adopting the following circuit: a pin terminal matching circuit for reducing side channel information leakage is sequentially connected in series from a signal sending end to a signal receiving end: the broadband impedance converter, the segmented inductance-adding connecting line and the Davining matching resistor;
the broadband impedance converter is used for increasing the output impedance of the pin of the signal sending end based on the transmission line transformer principle;
the segmented inductance-adding connecting line is used for increasing the characteristic impedance of the transmission line;
the resistance value of the Davinin matching resistor is equal to the characteristic impedance of the segmented inductance-adding connecting line by adopting a Davinin equivalent circuit and is directly connected to a signal receiving terminal pin;
the signal sending terminal pin and the signal receiving terminal pin are pins of a high-speed digital signal related chip.
Optionally, the wideband impedance transformer is a 1:4 or 1:16 wideband impedance transformer.
Optionally, the wideband impedance transformer is a magnetic loop transformer.
Optionally, a matching resistor of a preset size is further connected in series between the signal transmitting end and the broadband impedance converter.
Optionally, a dc blocking capacitor is further connected in series between the signal transmitting end and the broadband impedance converter.
Optionally, the segmented inductive connecting line is designed as a microstrip line circuit by a printed circuit board or a flexible printed circuit board.
Optionally, the segmented inductive connecting line has a low-pass filtering function at the same time.
Optionally, the thevenin matching resistor comprises a pull-up resistor and a pull-down resistor, and the parallel resistance of the pull-up resistor and the pull-down resistor is equal to the characteristic impedance of the segmented inductance-adding connecting line.
In summary, the invention provides a pin terminal matching circuit for reducing side channel information leakage, a broadband impedance converter is added at a signal sending end, signal sending impedance is properly increased, high-speed digital signal connecting lines with a segmented inductance design are matched, the characteristic impedance of a transmission line is improved, and a Thevenin matching resistor is added at a signal receiving end.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a pin terminal matching circuit in an embodiment 1 for reducing side channel information leakage according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a structural diagram of an embodiment 2 of a pin terminal matching circuit for reducing side channel information leakage according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention better understood and make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the following describes the technical solutions in the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:
at present, high-speed digital signal connecting lines, such as twisted-pair lines and traces on a Printed Circuit Board (PCB), are generally considered to be equivalent to uniform transmission lines, and the transmission lines are characterized by low impedance, which is usually only about several hundred ohms at most, so that in order to prevent terminal reflection from affecting signal integrity, the total impedance of a terminal matching resistor design is also low, so that although signal integrity can be ensured, the current change rate in the high-speed pulse edge connecting line is high, the magnetic field change rate caused by the current change rate is also high, and in many cases, the high-speed digital signal connecting line itself becomes an electromagnetic wave antenna, which causes a strong antenna effect, electromagnetic wave leakage, and further side channel information leakage, electromagnetic compatibility and other problems are caused.
The antenna effect refers to that, in a chip production process, an exposed conductor such as a metal wire or a polysilicon (polysilicon) is like an antenna, charges (such as charged particles generated by plasma etching) are collected to cause a potential rise, and the longer the antenna is, the more the collected charges are, the higher the voltage is, and the leakage of electromagnetic waves is also caused.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention first provides an embodiment 1 of a pin terminal matching circuit for reducing side channel information leakage, which is sequentially connected in series from a signal sending end to a signal receiving end: the device comprises a broadband impedance transformer 02, a segmented inductance-adding connecting wire 03 and a thevenin matching resistor 04;
the broadband impedance transformer 02 is used for increasing the output impedance of a pin of a signal sending end based on the transmission line transformer principle;
specifically, the broadband impedance converter 02 mainly performs a broadband impedance conversion function, and appropriately increases the output impedance of the pin of the signal sending terminal. Further, a dc blocking capacitor may be connected in series between the signal transmitting terminal and the broadband impedance converter 02, if necessary.
Optionally, the wideband impedance converter 02 may be designed by using a flexible PCB substrate microstrip line plus a small magnetic ring, or may be directly designed on a PCB. The broadband impedance transformer 02 may be a 1:4 or 1:16 broadband impedance transformer; meanwhile, the transformer can also be a magnetic ring transformer, and the specific selection of the broadband impedance converter can be determined according to the requirement, and is not particularly limited herein; if the magnetic ring is used, attention should be paid to shielding leakage flux.
The segmented inductance-adding connecting line 03 is used for increasing the characteristic impedance of the transmission line;
alternatively, the segmented inductive connecting line 03 may be designed by a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) trace or may be designed as a microstrip circuit by a flexible PCB, and the design requirement is matched with the output impedance of the broadband impedance converter 02. Alternatively, the design and simulation are performed by using an rf EDA tool, and the design combines a certain low-pass filtering effect, so that the high-speed pulse edge is not too steep, which can be confirmed by using an rf or high-speed digital signal EDA tool simulation.
The resistance value of the Davinin matching resistor 04 is equal to the characteristic impedance of the segmented inductance-adding connecting line 03 by adopting a Davinin equivalent circuit and is directly connected to a signal receiving terminal pin; the thevenin matching resistor 04 can be translated into thevenin matching resistor according to different translations.
Optionally, the thevenin matching resistor 04 comprises a pull-up resistor and a pull-down resistor, and the parallel resistance of the pull-up resistor and the pull-down resistor is equal to the characteristic impedance of the segmented inductance-adding connecting line 03, and meanwhile, the thevenin matching resistor 04 can adapt to an alternating-current pulse signal.
Wherein, the pin of the signal sending terminal is positioned on the pin of the high-speed digital signal chip 1; the signal receiving terminal pin is positioned on the pin of the high-speed digital signal chip 2.
If the invention is applied to the design of the connecting line terminal matching circuit in the computer hardware circuit design requiring high security and confidentiality, the high-speed digital signal connecting line which is interconnected among a high-speed CPU, a high-speed memory, a high-speed peripheral bus controller and the like can effectively weaken the antenna effect, reduce or prevent the possibility of side channel information leakage, improve the computer hardware security and simultaneously improve the electromagnetic compatibility while ensuring the signal integrity.
As shown in fig. 2, the present invention provides an embodiment 2 of a pin terminal matching circuit for reducing side channel information leakage, which is sequentially connected in series from a signal sending end to a signal receiving end: the device comprises a matching resistor 01, a broadband impedance converter 02, a segmented inductance adding connecting wire 03 and a thevenin matching resistor 04;
the matching resistor 01 is used for increasing the output impedance of a signal sending terminal pin; the purpose is that, when the output impedance of the signal sending terminal pin is too low, the output impedance of the signal sending terminal is further increased by using the series connection matching resistor 01, and the size of the matching resistor 01 can be selected according to needs without specific limitation.
The broadband impedance transformer 02 is used for increasing the output impedance of a pin of a signal sending end based on the transmission line transformer principle;
the segmented inductance-adding connecting line 03 is used for increasing the characteristic impedance of the transmission line;
the resistance value of the Davinin matching resistor 04 is equal to the characteristic impedance of the segmented inductance-adding connecting line 03 by adopting a Davinin equivalent circuit, and the Davinin matching resistor is directly connected to a signal receiving terminal pin;
wherein, the pin of the signal sending terminal is positioned on the pin of the high-speed digital signal chip 1; the signal receiving terminal pin is positioned on the pin of the high-speed digital signal chip 2.
Preferably, in an embodiment of the present invention, a dc blocking capacitor is further connected in series between the signal transmitting end and the broadband impedance converter.
Preferably, in an embodiment of the present invention, the segmented inductive connecting line is designed as a microstrip line circuit by a printed circuit board or a flexible printed circuit board.
Preferably, in an embodiment of the present invention, the segmented inductive connecting line has a low-pass filtering function at the same time.
Preferably, in an embodiment of the present invention, the davinin matching resistor includes a pull-up resistor and a pull-down resistor, and the parallel resistance of the pull-up resistor and the pull-down resistor is equal to the characteristic impedance of the segmented inductive connecting line.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts in the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments.
As described above, the embodiment provides a pin terminal matching circuit for reducing side channel information leakage, and the invention adds a broadband impedance converter based on the transmission line transformer principle at a signal transmitting end, appropriately increases signal transmitting impedance, improves the characteristic impedance of a transmission line by matching with a high-speed digital signal connecting line with a segmented inductance design, and adds a davinin matching resistor with higher total impedance at a signal receiving end.
The above examples are intended to illustrate but not to limit the technical solutions of the present invention. Any modification or partial replacement without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a reduce pin terminal matching circuit that side channel information revealed which characterized in that concatenates in proper order from signal sending end to signal receiving end: the broadband impedance converter, the segmented inductance-adding connecting line and the Davining matching resistor;
the broadband impedance converter is used for increasing the output impedance of the pin of the signal sending end based on the transmission line transformer principle;
the segmented inductance-adding connecting line is used for increasing the characteristic impedance of the transmission line;
the resistance value of the Davinin matching resistor is equal to the characteristic impedance of the segmented inductance-adding connecting line by adopting a Davinin equivalent circuit and is directly connected to a signal receiving terminal pin;
the signal sending terminal pin and the signal receiving terminal pin are pins of a high-speed digital signal related chip.
2. The pin termination matching circuit of claim 1, wherein the wideband impedance transformer is a 1:4 or 1:16 wideband impedance transformer.
3. The pin termination matching circuit of claim 1, wherein the wideband impedance transformer is a magnetic loop transformer.
4. The pin termination matching circuit of claim 1, further comprising a matching resistor of a predetermined size connected in series between the signal transmitting terminal and the wideband impedance transformer.
5. The pin termination matching circuit of claim 1, further comprising a dc blocking capacitor connected in series between the signal transmitting terminal and the wideband impedance transformer.
6. The pin termination matching circuit of claim 1, wherein the segmented loading sense bond wires are designed as microstrip line circuits through a printed circuit board or a flexible printed circuit board.
7. The pin termination matching circuit of claim 1, wherein the segmented loading connection line is also low pass filtered.
8. The pin termination matching circuit of claim 1, wherein the davining matching resistor comprises a pull-up resistor and a pull-down resistor, the pull-up resistor and the pull-down resistor having a parallel resistance equal to a characteristic impedance of the segmented loading line.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811395957.5A CN110765494A (en) | 2018-11-22 | 2018-11-22 | Pin terminal matching circuit for reducing side channel information leakage |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811395957.5A CN110765494A (en) | 2018-11-22 | 2018-11-22 | Pin terminal matching circuit for reducing side channel information leakage |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN110765494A true CN110765494A (en) | 2020-02-07 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201811395957.5A Pending CN110765494A (en) | 2018-11-22 | 2018-11-22 | Pin terminal matching circuit for reducing side channel information leakage |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104202007A (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2014-12-10 | 西安电子科技大学 | Active broadband matching method of short-wave frequency-band electrically small antenna and matching circuit thereof |
| CN104935286A (en) * | 2015-06-16 | 2015-09-23 | 山东超越数控电子有限公司 | Method for implementing impedance matching optimization of high-speed digital circuit |
| CN206235817U (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2017-06-09 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | The analog circuit of distributed constant power transmission lines |
-
2018
- 2018-11-22 CN CN201811395957.5A patent/CN110765494A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104202007A (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2014-12-10 | 西安电子科技大学 | Active broadband matching method of short-wave frequency-band electrically small antenna and matching circuit thereof |
| CN104935286A (en) * | 2015-06-16 | 2015-09-23 | 山东超越数控电子有限公司 | Method for implementing impedance matching optimization of high-speed digital circuit |
| CN206235817U (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2017-06-09 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | The analog circuit of distributed constant power transmission lines |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 祝秀波: "《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库•信息科技辑》", 15 April 2012 * |
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Address after: 150028 building 7, innovation and entrepreneurship square, science and technology innovation city, Harbin high tech Industrial Development Zone, Heilongjiang Province (No. 838, Shikun Road) Applicant after: Antan Technology Group Co.,Ltd. Address before: 150028 building 7, innovation and entrepreneurship square, science and technology innovation city, Harbin high tech Industrial Development Zone, Heilongjiang Province (No. 838, Shikun Road) Applicant before: Harbin Antian Science and Technology Group Co.,Ltd. |