CN1041981A - 透气不透液的非织造材料 - Google Patents

透气不透液的非织造材料 Download PDF

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CN1041981A
CN1041981A CN89108039A CN89108039A CN1041981A CN 1041981 A CN1041981 A CN 1041981A CN 89108039 A CN89108039 A CN 89108039A CN 89108039 A CN89108039 A CN 89108039A CN 1041981 A CN1041981 A CN 1041981A
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pulp
polyolefin pulp
polyolefin
water
product
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CN1015721B (zh
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戴维·H·杜马斯
埃利奥特·埃克特
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Hercules LLC
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Hercules LLC
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Publication of CN1041981A publication Critical patent/CN1041981A/zh
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Abstract

公开的是一种透气不渗透液体的非织造材料。该材料包括含有下列组分的一种热固结的混合料。所说组分为:(1)5%至30%的第一种聚烯烃浆,(2)15%至90%的第二种聚烯烃浆,其熔点比第一种聚烯烃浆至少高20℃,(3)5%至55%的人造短纤维。同时公开一种没有使用表面活性剂的制备这种非织造材料的湿法成型的方法。

Description

本发明涉及透气不渗透液体的非织造材料。
在许多药物的应用中需要一种可透气但不渗透含细菌污染的液体的包裹或覆盖材料。透气是需要的,例如当材料用作覆盖病人的被单或手术单时,可让诸如水蒸汽或适于消毒的环氧乙烷的气体渗透,或让空气和水蒸汽通过。另外也需要一种可透气但不渗透液体的非医疗用的材料,如防护服。
在设计这种材料时,在使材料有良好渗透空气的情况下,很难防止液体的渗透。曾提出各种方法来取得需要的综合性能,这些方法包括应用防水表面处理的方法或多层层合的方法。US4,657,804(Mays等人)叙述了一种透气不透水的层合材料,它包括由干法成形的熔融吹塑法制成的疏水性的超细纤维熔融粘合到一层复合纤维层上,该复合纤维具有低熔点的外层和高熔点的芯。这种材料先用防水粘结剂浸渍,再用防水涂饰剂处理。US4,196,245(Kilson等人)公开了一种非织造织物复合材料,该复合材料包括至少两相邻的超细纤维的疏水层和一层可透气的非织造复盖层。所说超细纤维是由干成形的吹塑方法制成的。GB2,095,616描述的可透水蒸气但不渗透液体的材料包括一层吸收性的非织造织物和一层防水非织造织物。所说吸收性非织造织物不含任何表面活性成分;所说的防水性非织造织物可用防水涂饰剂处理。各层通过疏水性材料层不连续的方法而互相连接。
一种由湿成形法制成的材料,将比目前可用的材料更好。它可防止 含细菌污染的液体的渗透,又可透气,且不要求防水表面层处理,或将之层压于其他材料上。
现在已发现由湿法成形制成的一种疏水、可透气的非织造材料。通过加热的方法,可将这种材料粘合于其他材料上,而不必用粘合剂。本发明的非织造材料,其特征在于它所含的一种热固结混合料包括:(1)5%至30%的第一种聚烯烃浆;(2)15%至90%的第二种聚烯烃浆,其熔点比第一种聚烯烃浆至少高20℃;(3)5%至55%的人造短纤维;以上含量均以混合料的总重量为基准计算的。上述材料不渗透液体,可透气。最好用大约20%的低熔点聚烯烃浆和大约40%高熔点聚烯烃浆。可随意加入0.5%至20%的木浆。
聚烯烃浆在本领域中是已知的。例如可参阅“Pulp,Synthetic,”Kirk-Othmer,Encyclopedia        of        Chemical        Technology        3rd        Ed.(New        York:1982),Vol.19pp.420-435。这些浆料是由热塑性聚合物制得的极细的、高支链的、不连续的原纤维。它们在可见外观及尺寸方面极类似木浆。聚烯烃提供了防止液体渗透性能,不需防水表面层处理或层合于其他材料上。聚烯烃浆还可将不透液材料粘合到另一种材料上而不需用粘合剂,例如,可用热粘合法或超声波粘合法。
用于制备聚烯烃浆的代表性聚合物是聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚(4-甲基戊烯-1)、乙烯和丙烯的共聚物以及乙烯或丙烯和其它1-烯烃类(如1-丁烯和1-己烯)的共聚物。聚烯烃浆可以由这些聚合物中的一种聚合物单独组成,或由两种或三种聚合物混合组成。优选的低熔点聚烯烃浆是聚乙烯浆,而优选的高熔点聚烯烃浆是聚丙烯浆。
人造短纤维赋予成品透气性。人造短纤维也提供了薄片的强度,尤其是在材料干燥和热固结之前提供了薄片的强度。用于湿法成形的纤维,其长度最好为5-10毫米。透气性的要求将随产品的最终用途而异,例如,用于制衣的材料将比用于包装外科手术用品的材料要更透气。任何具有 疏水特性的纤维均可使用,例如:聚丙烯纤维、聚乙烯纤维、乙烯/丙烯共聚物纤维,聚酯纤维、丙烯酸纤维、乙烯和其他1-烯烃(如丁烯、己烯、辛烯或4-甲基戊烯-1)共聚纤维以及用一种以上的这些聚合物制成的纤维。例如:双组分聚酯/聚丙烯、聚酯/聚乙烯、或聚乙烯/聚丙烯。而优选的是聚丙烯短纤维。
本发明的热固结的不渗液的材料,可以任选包括0.5%至20%木浆以提供附加的湿纤维网的强度。木浆的用量必须是对产品的防液性没有不利的影响。
制造具有透气而不渗液综合性能的最终产品,只需要聚烯烃浆和人造短纤维的混合物。本发明材料的不渗透液体性是由Mason        Jar测试值至少为60分钟来表示的〔国际无纺布与一次用品协会(INDA)测试方法80.7〕。该材料的弗雷泽(Frazier)透气度为至少10立方英尺/每分钟(cfm)/平方英尺(在1.27厘米水压下每平方米每分钟3.048立方米)(ASTM测试方法D-737)。透气度被用作测量覆盖这种材料的人的舒适程度,以及测量灭菌气体通过这种材料令人满意的程度。
本发明不渗透液体材料是用湿法成形工艺制成的。合成浆和任选的木浆,首先在高剪切力下分散于水中。然后加入分散的人造短纤维。将固体调低至足以保持良好分散的水平。固体含量将随着特定系统里的搅拌充分程度而变。然后浆和人造短纤维的分散体形成片、经加压,干燥以除去水分,并加热至足以熔融低熔点合成浆的温度。低熔点合成浆的熔化将纤维混合物粘结在一起,增加了制成品的强度。
合成浆和人造纤维充分地分散于水中是形成均匀的湿法成网片所必需的。然而,在本发明的工艺中应避免将表面活性剂加入于水中,因为加入表面活性剂将使制成的片材成为亲水性的。不加表面活性剂也有助于改进湿纤维网的强度,并且这样也有可能降低基材重量。基材重量低的材料比高的材料更容易悬垂和折叠,而且便宜。通过加入至少一种水 溶性聚合物,合成浆便能充分地分散于水中。适宜的水溶性聚合物包括阴离子丙烯酰胺共聚物类、羟丙基瓜耳胶以及它们的混合物。而优选的是阴离子丙烯酰胺和羟丙基瓜耳胶组合使用。当合成浆是在高剪切力的水分散体时,可加入干的羟丙基瓜耳胶,或在合成浆分散于水后,可加入羟丙基瓜耳胶溶液。丙烯酰胺共聚物溶液是在高剪切分散步骤之后加入。组合加入两种水溶性聚合物的优选方法包括将10ppm至75ppm羟丙基瓜耳胶加入分散设备中,并将7ppm至50ppm丙烯酰胺共聚物加入造纸机的成形区。
理想的是将本发明的不渗透液体材料一面或两面粘合上其他织物,这可增强除透气不渗透液体以外的性质,例如附加的强度或柔软度。可以与不渗透液体的材料相粘合的适宜材料包括:机织织物和由常规的非织造方法制成的织物。所说非织造方法如纺粘法、针刺法、梳理法或水力缠结的(hydroentangled)非织造法。如果将其他材料粘合到不渗透液体的材料的两面时,两面可以粘合相同的材料或不同的材料。例如,可通过下述方法来制备一种复合织物,将一层纺粘材料粘合到不渗透液体材料的一面,可赋予附加强度,同时,将一层梳理人造短纤维层粘合到不渗透液体材料的另一面,以改进它的柔软性和悬垂性。
本说明书中所有的百分比,除非有另外说明,均指重量百分比。
实施例1
本实施例说明含有下列组分的湿法成网非织造材料的制备。所说组分为:
40%PULPEX
Figure 891080392_IMG1
P-AD聚烯烃浆(Hercules公司的产品);
20%PULPEX E-A聚烯烃浆(Hercules公司的产品);
40%HERCULON
Figure 891080392_IMG3
T-153聚丙烯短纤维,2.2旦,纤维长度为10毫米(Hercules公司产品)。
PULPEX E-A是一种聚乙烯浆,而PULPEX
Figure 891080392_IMG5
P-AD则是聚丙烯浆,将 它们分别打开放入盘磨机,然后泵送至长网造纸机的纸机贮浆池中。把短纤维加入纸机贮浆池,并将纸机贮浆池中的固体调节至0.25%。将75ppm        GENDRIV        492SP羟丙基瓜耳胶(Aqualon公司产品)溶液加入纸机贮浆池液体中。
将浆和人造短纤维供给造纸机的成形区,并向该区加入足量的RETEN
Figure 891080392_IMG6
523P阴离子丙烯酰胺共聚物(Hercules公司产品)以赋予成形区10ppm低浓度。在整流辊的堰板中,稠度为0.08%。
形成的非织造织物,其基材重为每平方码0.9盎司(每平方米30.5克)。将该材料的每一面通过一个涂以非粘性材料的,表面温度为123℃的辊筒而使材料部分熔合。得到的产物,其密度为0.31克/立方厘米,而弗雷泽(Frazier)透气度为46.3cfm/ft2(在1.27厘米水压下,每平方米每分钟14.11立方米)。在有任何由1%氯化钠溶液渗透之前,产物的Mason Jar测试结果大于60分钟。
实施例2
本实施例说明含有下列组分的湿法成网非织造材料的制备。所说组分为:
10%精磨至500加拿大标准游离度(CSF)的漂白的软木牛皮纸木浆;
10%PULPEX E-A聚烯烃浆(Hercules公司产品);
40%PULPEX P-AD聚烯烃浆(Hercules公司产品);
40%HERCULON T-153聚丙烯短纤维,2.2旦,纤维长度为5毫米(Hercules公司产品)。
采用实施例1描述的成形方法,包括使用给定量的羟丙基瓜耳胶和丙烯酰胺共聚物。
将纤维分散体形成为一种基材重量为每平方码1盎司(每平方米33.8克)的非织造材料,并用下列的一种方法进行处理:
(a)将材料置于所装配的两支钢质辊子之间用压缩空气的方法将材料压实并加热至121℃。产品的弗雷泽透气度(ASTM测试方法D-737)为2.2cfm/ft2(在1.27厘米水压下每平方米每分钟0.67立方米)。
(b)将材料置于层压机中压实,该层压机包括有一个用50psi(345KPa)空气压力贴于热钢质辊筒上的橡胶垫,该辊筒表面温度为149℃。得到的产品,其密度为0.47克/立方厘米,弗雷泽透气度为4.5cfm/ft2(在1.27厘米水压下,每平方米每分钟1.37立方米)。
(c)将该材料的每一面通过一个涂以非粘性材料的,表面温度为123℃的辊筒而使材料部分熔合。得到的产品,其密度为0.28克/立方厘米,弗雷泽透气度为15.1cfm/ft2(在1.27厘米水压下,每平方米每分钟4.6立方米)。
试样a和c经Mason        Jar测试(INDA测试方法80.7),耐1%氯化钠溶液渗透在60分钟以上。
实施例3
本实施例说明含有下列组分的湿法成网非织造材料的制备。所说组分为:
40%PULPEX
Figure 891080392_IMG10
P-AD聚烯烃浆(Hercules公司产品);
20%PULPEX E-AD聚烯烃浆(Hercules公司产品);
35%HERCULON
Figure 891080392_IMG12
T-153聚丙烯纤维(2.2旦,5毫米)(Hercules公司产品);
5%HERCULON T-153聚丙烯纤维(2.2旦,10毫米)(Hercules公司产品)。
采用实施例1描述的成形方法,包括使用给定量的羟丙基瓜耳胶和丙烯酰胺共聚物。
在一个具有非粘表面的辊筒干燥器上进行熔合,得到的非织造材料基材重量为39克/平方米(gsm),密度为0.26克/立方厘米,弗雷泽透气度为36.3cfm/ft2(在1.27厘米水压下,每平方米每分钟11.1立方 米),Mason        Jar测试值大于60分钟,以及纵向抗张强度为2.3磅/英寸(403N/m)。
实施例4
将由实施例3说明的方法制备的非织造材料置于每平方米9克(9gsm)的未粘合的梳理聚丙烯短纤维层上,并将另外的每平方米9克的聚丙烯短纤维梳理到非织造材料上面。将此三层通过内部加热至138℃的点粘结压光机。得到的三层层合制品,其基材重量为57gsm,密度为0.22克/立方厘米,弗雷泽透气度为39cfm/ft2(在1.27厘米水压下,每平方米每分钟11.9立方米),Mason Jar测试值大于60分钟,而纵向抗张强度为3.8磅/英寸(665N/m)。

Claims (10)

1、一种透气不渗透液体的非织造材料,其特征在于该材料包括含有下列组分的热固结混合料,所说组分为:
(1)5%至30%的第一种聚烯烃浆,(2)15%至90%的第二种聚烯烃浆,其熔点比第一种聚烯烃浆至少高20℃,(3)5%至55%的人造短纤维,以上含量均以混合料的总重量为基准计算。
2、按照权利要求1的材料,其进一步特征在于还包含0.5%至20%的木浆。
3、按照权利要求1和2的材料,其特征还在于第一种聚烯烃浆是聚乙烯浆,第二种聚烯烃浆是聚丙烯浆,而人造短纤维是聚丙烯短纤维。
4、一种制造透气不渗透液体的非织造材料的方法,其特征在于:
(1)在至少有一种水溶性聚合物而没有表面活性剂的情况下将含有下列组分的混合物分散于水中,所说组分为:(a)5%至30%的第一种聚烯烃浆,(b)15%至90%的第二种聚烯烃浆,其熔点比第一种聚烯烃浆至少高20℃,(c)5%至55%的人造短纤维;以上含量均以材料总重量为基准计算的;
(2)由水分散体形成片材;
(3)干燥;
(4)加热片材至足于熔化第一种聚烯烃浆。
5、按照权利要求4的方法,其特征还在于步骤(1)的混合料中还含有0.5%至20%木浆。
6、按照权利要求4和5的方法,其特征还在于第一种聚烯烃浆是聚乙烯浆,第二种聚烯烃浆是聚丙烯浆,而人造短纤维是聚丙烯短纤维。
7、按照权利要求4和5的方法,其特征还在于水溶性聚合物是阴离子丙烯酰胺共聚物和羟丙基瓜耳胶的组合物。
8、权利要求1和2的产品的应用,其特征在于应用于外科手术包裹用品的制造。
9、权利要求1和2的产品的应用,其特征在于应用于防护服的制造。
10、权利要求1和2的产品的应用,其特征在于应用于手术单的制造。
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ES2047084T3 (es) 1994-02-16
MX164461B (es) 1992-08-18
JPH02160995A (ja) 1990-06-20
EP0367989A2 (en) 1990-05-16
DE68911486D1 (de) 1994-01-27
CA1328036C (en) 1994-03-29
AU4292589A (en) 1990-04-26
DK515689D0 (da) 1989-10-17
NO893396L (no) 1990-04-18
FI894595A0 (fi) 1989-09-28
ATE98717T1 (de) 1994-01-15
NO173195C (no) 1993-11-10
ZA897862B (en) 1991-03-27
US4904520A (en) 1990-02-27
DK515689A (da) 1990-04-18
KR900006593A (ko) 1990-05-08
AU613245B2 (en) 1991-07-25
EP0367989B1 (en) 1993-12-15
NO173195B (no) 1993-08-02
NO893396D0 (no) 1989-08-23
DE68911486T2 (de) 1994-04-07
FI894595A (fi) 1990-04-18
CN1015721B (zh) 1992-03-04
KR970009656B1 (ko) 1997-06-17

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