CN104197591A - Deep hypothermic heat regenerator adopting helium as heat regeneration medium and pulse tube refrigerator thereof - Google Patents
Deep hypothermic heat regenerator adopting helium as heat regeneration medium and pulse tube refrigerator thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104197591A CN104197591A CN201410437086.4A CN201410437086A CN104197591A CN 104197591 A CN104197591 A CN 104197591A CN 201410437086 A CN201410437086 A CN 201410437086A CN 104197591 A CN104197591 A CN 104197591A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a deep hypothermic heat regenerator adopting helium as a heat regeneration medium. The heat regenerator comprises a tube shell and heat regeneration padding arranged in the tube shell. The heat regeneration padding is of a sealed heat exchange structure filled with the helium. The invention further discloses a pulse tube refrigerator adopting the deep hypothermic heat regenerator. According to the pulse tube refrigerator, the characteristic that the helium is high in volumetric specific heat capacity at low temperature is utilized, and the helium is closed in a certain space and used as the heat regeneration medium to exchange heat with helium used as a refrigerating working medium; the helium with the suitable pressure can be selected and charged into the enclosed space according to the work pressure of the pulse tube refrigerator so that the volumetric specific heat capacity of the helium serving as the heat regeneration medium in the deep hypothermic area can be higher than that of the helium serving as the refrigerating working medium, efficient heat regeneration can be achieved, and finally the performance of the pulse tube refrigerator in the liquid helium temperature area can be improved; meanwhile, compared with a magnetic heat regeneration material, the deep hypothermic heat regenerator adopting the helium as the heat regeneration medium has the advantages of being low in price, easy to obtain, free from influence of a magnetic field and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to regenerating type low-temperature refrigerator, especially relate to a kind of profound hypothermia regenerator and the vascular refrigerator thereof of helium as backheat medium that adopt.
Background technology
Liquid helium warm area has indispensable important function in fields such as national defense and military, energy medical treatment, Aero-Space, low-temperature physics.Since Dutch physicist Kamerlingh.Onnes realized the liquefaction of helium first in 1908, liquid helium warm area (4K) is the Focal point and difficult point of cryogenic engineering area research always.Meanwhile, particularly, since the eighties in 20th century, the mankind have had higher technology and performance requirement to profound hypothermia Refrigeration Technique, the efficiency to Cryo Refrigerator, reliability, volume and weight, and vibration etc. has proposed more and more harsher requirement.
Vascular refrigerator is proposed in 1964 by Gifford and Longsworth, there is not moving component at cold junction in it, have high reliability and long-life potential advantages, through the development of nearly half a century, vascular refrigerator has been widely used in the field such as Aero-Space, low-temperature superconducting at present.According to the difference of drive source, vascular refrigerator is mainly divided into G-M vascular refrigerator (also claiming low frequency vascular refrigerator) and Stirling vascular refrigerator (also claiming high-frequency vascular refrigerator); G-M vascular refrigerator is by the driven compressor of G-M refrigeration machine, and its operating frequency is generally 1～2Hz, and Stirling vascular refrigerator is driven by Linearkompressor, and its operating frequency is generally at 30Hz.
The minimum temperature that G-M vascular refrigerator can obtain is at present 1.3K, has realized the commercial applications of liquid helium and above warm area, but its efficiency at liquid helium warm area very low (need to input the electric work of 6～10kW in the refrigerating capacity of 4.2K acquisition 1W), and compared with G-M vascular refrigerator, Stirling vascular refrigerator has compact conformation, efficiency is high, a series of advantages such as lightweight, and it is relatively ripe in the technology of 35K and above warm area, be widely used in the Aero-Space task of above-mentioned warm area at present, but Stirling vascular refrigerator is still extremely low in the efficiency of profound hypothermia (<10K), one of them main cause is that volumetric specific heat capacity warm area below 15K of helium sharply increases, and conventional backheat filler is (as lead shot, the materials such as stainless steel) specific heat capacity significantly decline, although magnetic backheat filler (ErNi etc.) has higher volumetric specific heat capacity peak value, but this peak value also only exists in its phase transition temperature region, thereby the efficiency that causes profound hypothermia regenerator sharply reduces (as shown in Figure 4), and then cause liquid helium warm area Stirling pulse tube refrigeration engine efficiency extremely low, so it is a key that solves current liquid helium warm area vascular refrigerator inefficiency that searching (<10K) under profound hypothermia has the backheat filler of high specific heat capacity.Application number is that the patent documentation of CN200910100286.X discloses a kind of high-frequency heat regenerator and refrigeration machine thereof that adopts stainless steel fibre regenerative material, the high-frequency heat regenerator that adopts stainless steel fibre regenerative material is in stainless steel tube, to be filled with the stainless steel fibre formation high-frequency heat regenerator that string diameter is 2mm-15mm, being 150HZ-1000HZ in the operating frequency of 300-80K warm area, is 100HZ-1000HZ in the operating frequency of 80K-35K warm area.This novel high-frequency heat regenerator not only can be applied to 80K warm area single-stage pulse tube refrigerator, also can be applied in the coupling of 35K warm area Multi-stage heat or gas coupling vascular refrigerator.Stainless steel fibre has the string diameter less than traditional stainless steel cloth, can form less fluid passage, can make regenerator at 300K-80K warm area, under the high frequency operating mode of 150-1000HZ, or at 80K-35K warm area, under the high frequency operating mode of 100-1000HZ, efficient operation.But as mentioned above,, under profound hypothermia, the specific heat capacity of (<10K) this regenerative material can significantly decline, and has greatly affected the refrigerating efficiency of regenerator and vascular refrigerator.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of profound hypothermia regenerator of helium as backheat medium that adopt, be filled with the backheat filler of the sealing heat exchange structure of helium by employing, significantly improve regenerative material specific heat capacity under (<10K) under profound hypothermia, improved the refrigerating efficiency of regenerator and vascular refrigerator.
The present invention also provides the another kind of vascular refrigerator that adopts above-mentioned profound hypothermia regenerator, and this refrigeration machine all can efficiently reach 10K and lower operation temperature area.
A kind of profound hypothermia regenerator of helium as backheat medium that adopt, comprise with the shell of hot junction discharge orifice mouth and cold junction discharge orifice and be placed in the backheat filler in described shell, in backheat filler, have the gas flow of hot junction discharge orifice mouth and the connection of cold junction discharge orifice, described backheat filler is the sealing heat exchange structure that inside is filled with helium.
Described sealing heat exchange structure can be selected various structures, and for ease of installing and processing, as preferably, described sealing heat exchange structure comprises:
Some groups for filling the heat exchanger tube of helium;
For multiple the first fixtures that every group of heat exchanger tube one end sealing fixed, for multiple the second fixtures that every group of heat exchanger tube other end sealing fixed;
Described the first fixture and the second fixture are provided with organizes by correspondence the interface channel that in heat exchanger tube, each heat exchanger tube is interconnected.By on the first fixture and the second fixture, interface channel being set, ensure that in one group of heat exchanger tube, each heat exchanger forms an entirety.Described interface channel can adopt groove structure, also can adopt pipeline configuration is set.For example, described the first fixture and the second fixture can adopt the tubular structure with cavity, and now, the processing notch corresponding with heat exchanger tube on tubular structure, utilizes the fixed forms such as welding by fixing the hole wall sealing of the end sidewalls of heat exchanger tube and notch.
As preferably, every group of heat exchanger tube arrange ringwise, and the some groups of heat exchanger tubes that are circular layout arrange with one heart, leave described gas flow between adjacent set heat exchanger tube.While adopting this technical scheme, ensure that in regenerator, heat exchange is even, improved heat exchange efficiency.
As preferably, described sealing heat exchange structure also comprises: by all the first fixtures or by all the second fixtures fixed at least one linking arm mutually, and have at least in a linking arm and be provided with the loading line that all interface channels are communicated with, realize the inflation to all heat exchanger tubes by loading line.Linking arm has been realized multiple first fixtures or fixing to multiple the second fixtures, and arranging of loading line ensures that each group of heat exchanger tube forms an entirety, is convenient to the control of systematic parameter simultaneously.
As another kind of preferred version, described sealing heat exchange structure is: be roundabout shape setting on axially at shell, at the heat exchanger tube that is upwards helix shell week and arranges, be at least provided with an inflation inlet on this heat exchanger tube.
For improving heat exchange property, as preferably, described heat exchanger tube is copper pipe.The lower coefficient of heat transfer of copper pipe (<10K) under profound hypothermia is still higher, has further improved the heat exchange property of regenerator.
The volumetric specific heat capacity of helium under different temperatures and pressure as shown in Figure 5, as can be seen from the figure under different pressures there is a peak value in the volumetric specific heat capacity of helium, the corresponding critical-temperature of this peak value simultaneously, below this critical-temperature, the volumetric specific heat capacity of helium raises along with the rising of temperature, more than this critical-temperature, the volumetric specific heat capacity of helium reduces along with the rising of temperature; As can be seen from Figure 5, the peak value of the volumetric specific heat capacity of helium raises along with the reduction of pressure, and peak value is far above the magnetic regenerative material in Fig. 4 simultaneously.
Above-mentioned characteristic shows that as the helium of refrigeration working medium itself be a kind of extremely desirable backheat medium, by rational structural design, helium can be sealed in the space structure of sealing (in copper pipe), this space structure just can be used as efficient backheat filler and uses, helium is wherein as backheat medium and carry out heat exchange as the helium of refrigeration working medium, can realize efficient backheat performance.Meanwhile, can also be according to the blowing pressure of vascular refrigerator, select the helium that fills convenient pressure in this confined space structure, to realize in operation temperature area, as the volumetric specific heat capacity of the helium of backheat medium higher than the helium as refrigeration working medium.For example, the conventional the blowing pressure of liquid helium warm area vascular refrigerator is as 1～1.5MPa, taking 1.0MPa as example, as can be seen from Figure 4, under 1.0MPa, temperature corresponding to helium volumetric specific heat capacity peak value is about 7.5K, by experimental measurement and numerical simulation, can obtain the Temperature Distribution in regenerator, in warm area in temperature lower than 7K, can select to fill pressure lower than the helium of 1.0MPa as backheat medium, because the volumetric specific heat capacity of helium raises along with the decline of pressure in this warm area, in the temperature higher than 7K, select to fill pressure higher than the helium of 1.0MPa as backheat medium, because the volumetric specific heat capacity of helium raises along with the rising of pressure in this temperature, make in whole warm area (4-10K) volumetric specific heat capacity as the helium of backheat medium higher than the helium as refrigeration working medium, thereby realize efficient backheat, the final performance that improves liquid helium warm area vascular refrigerator.The advantages such as simultaneously compared with the magnetic regenerative material conventional with liquid helium warm area, that helium has is cheap, easily obtain, not affected by magnetic fields.
Profound hypothermia regenerator and existing pulse tube refrigeration machine technology based on above-mentioned employing helium as backheat medium, the invention provides two kinds of vascular refrigerators, the refrigerating efficiency of following two kinds of vascular refrigerators is all higher, all can efficiently reach 10K and lower operation temperature area.
A kind of vascular refrigerator, comprises first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit and second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit, in first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit and second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit, all adopts low frequency compressor bank; The regenerator of described second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit comprises the second level precooling zone regenerator, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger, second level middle-temperature section regenerator and the second level low-temperature zone regenerator that are communicated with successively; Between described first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit and second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit, carry out thermal coupling by the heat bridge being connected between first order cool end heat exchanger and the second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger of first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit; Described second level low-temperature zone regenerator is employing helium described in the above-mentioned arbitrary technical scheme profound hypothermia regenerator as backheat medium.Low frequency compressor bank consist of prior art, generally comprise compressor, level aftercooler, low-pressure control valve and high pressure control valve etc.
Described first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit comprises the first order low frequency compressor bank, first order regenerator, first order cool end heat exchanger, first order vascular, first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger and the first order phase modulating mechanism that connect successively, described first order phase modulating mechanism comprises: first order air reservoir, by being communicated with of pipeline and described first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger; The little ports valve of the first order, is located on the pipeline between described first order air reservoir and described first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger; First order bidirection air intake valve, the pipeline connection between one end and described first order low frequency compressor bank and first order regenerator, the pipeline connection between the little ports valve of the other end and the first order and described first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger.
Described second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit comprises the second level low frequency compressor bank, second level precooling zone regenerator, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger, second level middle-temperature section regenerator, second level low-temperature zone regenerator, second level cool end heat exchanger, second level vascular, second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger and the second level phase modulating mechanism that connect successively, described second level phase modulating mechanism comprises: second level air reservoir, by being communicated with of pipeline and described second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger; The little ports valve in the second level, is located on the pipeline between described second level air reservoir and described second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger; Second level bidirection air intake valve, the pipeline connection between one end and described second level low frequency compressor bank and second level precooling zone regenerator, the pipeline connection between the little ports valve in the other end and the second level and described second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger.
First order phase modulating mechanism and second level phase modulating mechanism also can adopt other phase modulating mechanisms with identical phase modulation function, for the adjustment of the mass flow in corresponding regenerator and pressure wave phase place, ensure the stable and high effective operation of system.
For further improving refrigeration performance, described heat bridge (TB) carries out precooling to phase modulating mechanism and the vascular hot-side heat exchanger of described second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit simultaneously.
In the time adopting low frequency compressor bank, generally adopt two-layer configuration can reach 10K and the operation temperature area below 10K.In the time adopting high frequency compressor bank, for example, in the time adopting Linearkompressor, under present condition, two-layer configuration is difficult to reach 10K and the operation temperature area below 10K, so in order to ensure the more effective work of regenerator of the present invention, as preferably, a kind of vascular refrigerator, comprises first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit, second level precooling pulse refrigerator unit and third level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit; Described second level precooling pulse refrigerator unit comprises the second level precooling zone regenerator, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger, the second level low-temperature zone regenerator that are communicated with successively; Regenerator in described third level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit comprises the third level the first precooling zone regenerator, the third level the first precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger, the third level the second precooling zone regenerator, the third level the second precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger, the third level low-temperature zone regenerator that are communicated with successively; Described first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit, second level precooling pulse refrigerator unit and third level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit carry out a thermal coupling by the first order heat bridge being connected between first order cool end heat exchanger, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger and the third level first precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger of first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit, and the second level heat bridge of the second level cool end heat exchanger by being connected to the third level the second precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger and second level precooling pulse refrigerator unit carries out second heat coupling; Described third level low-temperature zone regenerator be in technique scheme the employing helium described in arbitrary technical scheme as the profound hypothermia regenerator of backheat medium.
Described first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit, second level precooling pulse refrigerator unit and third level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit include a phase modulating mechanism, this phase modulating mechanism by an air reservoir and be located at this air reservoir and corresponding vascular hot-side heat exchanger between inertia tube composition.
For further reducing the operation temperature area of third level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit low-temperature zone, as preferably, the vascular hot-side heat exchanger in described third level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit and phase modulating mechanism are communicated with second level heat bridge simultaneously.
As further preferably, described the first heat bridge (TB1) the simultaneously phase modulating mechanism to second level precooling pulse refrigerator unit and vascular hot-side heat exchanger carries out precooling; Described the second heat bridge (TB2) the simultaneously phase modulating mechanism to third level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit and vascular hot-side heat exchanger carries out precooling.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in:
Profound hypothermia regenerator of the present invention, utilize helium in the time of 10K and warm area below 10K, there is higher volumetric specific heat capacity, adopt helium filled in enclosure space as backheat medium, compared with using the profound hypothermia regenerator of traditional backheat filler (as terres rares magnetic regenerative material etc.), the present invention can realize the high efficient heat exchanging of liquid helium warm area, and it is low to have price, easily obtain, the advantage such as not affected by magnetic fields, make to adopt helium can obtain and there is higher efficiency as the profound hypothermia regenerator of backheat medium, thereby improve the performance of profound hypothermia vascular refrigerator.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 a is the structural representation of employing helium of the present invention as a kind of embodiment of the profound hypothermia regenerator of backheat medium.
Fig. 1 b is the structural representation of the bottom end cover of profound hypothermia regenerator shown in Fig. 1 a.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of employing helium of the present invention as a kind of embodiment of the vascular refrigerator of the profound hypothermia regenerator of backheat medium.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of employing helium of the present invention as the another kind of embodiment of the vascular refrigerator of the profound hypothermia regenerator of backheat medium.
Fig. 4 is the relation between volumetric specific heat capacity and the temperature of multiple regenerator matrix.
Fig. 5 is the volumetric specific heat capacity of helium under different temperatures and pressure.
In above-mentioned accompanying drawing:
SC, shell; UC, upper end cover; T, heat exchanger tube; DC, bottom end cover; FC, gas flow; CP, loading line; 1, hot junction discharge orifice; 2, cold junction discharge orifice; 3, notch; 4, the first fixture; 5, the second fixture; 6, linking arm; 7, interface channel;
C1, first order compressor; C2, high stage compressor; C3, third level compressor; AC1, first order level aftercooler; AC2, second level level aftercooler; LV1, first order compressor low-pressure control valve; LV2, high stage compressor low-pressure control valve; HV1, a stage compressor high pressure control valve; HV2, high stage compressor high pressure control valve; DO1, first order bidirection air intake valve; DO2, second level bidirection air intake valve; O1, the little ports valve of the first order; O2, the little ports valve in the second level; R1, first order air reservoir; R2, second level air reservoir composition; R3, third level air reservoir; HX1, first order regenerator hot end heat exchanger; HX2, first order cool end heat exchanger; HX3, first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger; HX4, second level regenerator hot end heat exchanger; HX5, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger; HX6, second level cool end heat exchanger; HX7, second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger; HX8, third level regenerator hot end heat exchanger; HX9, the third level the first precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger; HX10, the third level the second precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger; HX11, third level cool end heat exchanger; HX12, third level vascular hot-side heat exchanger; He-Re, profound hypothermia regenerator; He-Re2, second level low-temperature zone regenerator; He-Re3, third level low-temperature zone regenerator; RG1, first order regenerator; RG21, second level precooling zone regenerator; RG22, second level middle-temperature section regenerator; RG23, second level low-temperature zone regenerator; RG31, the third level the first precooling zone regenerator; RG32, the third level the second precooling zone regenerator; PT1, first order vascular; PT2, second level vascular; PT3, third level vascular; TB, heat bridge; TB1, first order heat bridge; TB2, second level heat bridge; I1, first order inertia tube; I2, second level inertia tube; I3, third level inertia tube.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
As shown in Fig. 1 a and Fig. 1 b: a kind of helium that adopts comprises as the profound hypothermia regenerator He-Re of backheat medium: with the shell SC of hot junction discharge orifice 1 and cold junction discharge orifice 2 and be placed in the backheat filler in shell SC, in backheat filler, have the gas flow FC that hot junction discharge orifice 1 and cold junction discharge orifice 2 are communicated with, backheat filler is the sealing heat exchange structure that inside is filled with helium.Shell SC is stainless steel tube.
Sealing heat exchange structure comprises: upper end cover UC, bottom end cover DC and be fixed between upper end cover UC, bottom end cover DC some groups for filling the heat exchanger tube T of helium.Heat exchanger tube T is copper pipe.Every group of heat exchanger tube T arranges ringwise; The annular heat exchanger tube T arranged concentric of many groups.Between two adjacent groups heat exchanger tube T, be gas flow FC.
As shown in Fig. 1 (b), the linking arm 6 that bottom end cover DC interfixes by the second fixture 5 of annular and by the second fixture 5 of multiple annulars forms, and linking arm 6 is four that circumferentially evenly arrange; Each the second fixture 5 is for fixing the heat exchanger tube 3 of one group of annular, in the second fixture 5, be provided with the interface channel 7 that in this group heat exchanger tube T, each heat exchanger tube T is interconnected, the second fixture 5 end faces are provided with the notch 3 being communicated with interface channel 7, the quantity of notch 3 is corresponding with the quantity of heat exchanger tube T, and when installation, heat exchanger tube T bottom sidewall and notch 3 edges are fixed by welded seal; Between adjacent two the second fixtures 5, form cold junction discharge orifice 2.
The structure of the structure of upper end cover UC and bottom end cover DC is basic identical, and it is identical with the second fixture 5 structures that upper end cover UC is provided with the first fixture 4, the first fixtures 4, for fixing with heat exchanger tube T top seal; Between two adjacent the first fixtures 4, form hot junction discharge orifice 1; For ease of completing inflation, in one of them linking arm 6 on bottom end cover DC, be provided with the loading line CP that all interface channels are communicated with.
While filling helium, fill to heat exchanger tube T is inner by loading line CP, in the time that helium pressure is stablized, the end of loading line CP is sealed.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Figure 2, a kind of helium that adopts comprises as the two-stage low frequency vascular refrigerator of the profound hypothermia regenerator of backheat medium: by first order compressor C1, first order level aftercooler AC1, first order compressor low-pressure control valve LV1, first order compressor high pressure control valve HV1, first order regenerator RG1, first order cool end heat exchanger HX2, first order vascular PT1, first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3, first order bidirection air intake valve DO1, first order aperture valve O1, the first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit of first order air reservoir R1 composition, heat bridge TB, and by high stage compressor C2, second level level aftercooler AC2, high stage compressor low-pressure control valve LV2, high stage compressor high pressure control valve HV2, second level precooling zone regenerator RG21, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX5, second level middle-temperature section regenerator RG22, second level low-temperature zone regenerator He-Re2, second level cool end heat exchanger HX6, second level vascular PT2, second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX7, second level bidirection air intake valve DO2, the second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit of second level aperture valve O2 and second level air reservoir R2 composition.
Second level low-temperature zone regenerator He-Re2 with in embodiment 1, adopt helium identical as the profound hypothermia regenerator He-Re structure of backheat medium, low-temperature zone regenerator He-Re2 operation temperature area, the second level is 10K and below 10K, is wherein filled with the helium as backheat medium.
The annexation of above-mentioned each parts is as follows:
First order compressor C1, first order level aftercooler AC1, first order compressor high pressure control valve HV1 and first order compressor low-pressure control valve LV1 contact successively and form the closed circuit of first order low frequency compressor bank; Pipeline connection between the entrance of first order regenerator RG1 and first order compressor high pressure control valve HV1 and first order compressor low-pressure control valve LV1; The outlet of first order regenerator RG1 is communicated with first order cool end heat exchanger HX2, first order vascular PT1, first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3, first order aperture valve O1 and first order air reservoir R1 import by pipeline successively; Pipeline connection between first order bidirection air intake valve DO1 one end and first order regenerator RG1 and first order low frequency compressor bank, the pipeline connection between the first order bidirection air intake valve DO1 other end and first order aperture valve O1 and first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3.
High stage compressor C2, second level level aftercooler AC2, high stage compressor high pressure control valve HV2 and high stage compressor low-pressure control valve LV2 are communicated with formation second level low frequency compressor bank successively; Second level precooling zone regenerator RG21 is communicated with second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX5, second level middle-temperature section regenerator RG22, second level low-temperature zone regenerator He-Re2, second level cool end heat exchanger HX6, second level vascular PT2, second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX7, second level aperture valve O2 and second level air reservoir R2 successively by pipeline; Pipeline connection between bidirection air intake valve DO2 one end, the second level and second level low frequency compressor bank and second level precooling zone regenerator RG21, the pipeline connection between the other end of second level bidirection air intake valve DO2 and second level aperture valve O2 and second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX7.
Between first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit and second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit, carry out thermal coupling by the heat bridge TB that is connected to first order cool end heat exchanger HX2, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX5, realize the precooling of first order cool end heat exchanger HX2 to second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX5.
The employing helium of present embodiment as the running of the two-stage low frequency vascular refrigerator of the profound hypothermia regenerator of backheat medium is:
Starting stage, first order compressor low pressure modulating valve LV1, first order compressor septum valve HV1 is all in closed condition, gas becomes high temperature and high pressure gas after first order compressor C1 compression, high temperature and high pressure gas is flowed through after first order level aftercooler AC1 and is cooled to room temperature, when gas pressure is higher than when setting value, first order compressor septum valve HV1 opens, high pressure room temperature air flows out and is divided into two strands from first order compressor high pressure valve HV1, one by first order regenerator RG1 and with filler wherein carry out heat-exchange temperature reduce enter in follow-up associated components, another strand enters in follow-up associated components by first order bidirection air intake valve DO1, make whole system all in high pressure conditions, then first order compressor septum valve HV1 closes, first order compressor low pressure modulating valve LV1 opens, gas is divided into two strands from first order air reservoir R1 through first order aperture valve O1, one gets back to first order compressor C1 from first order bidirection air intake valve DO1 by first order compressor low pressure modulating valve LV1, another stock-traders' know-how is crossed first order vascular PT1, first order regenerator RG1 finally gets back to first order compressor C1 by first order compressor low pressure modulating valve LV1, complete thus a circulation, in cyclic process, there is the temperature difference in the gas of turnover first order cool end heat exchanger HX2, produce thus refrigeration effect, first order cold takes out the gas that enters second level low-temperature zone regenerator in order to precooling from first order cool end heat exchanger HX2 by heat bridge TB.
Starting stage, high stage compressor low pressure modulating valve LV2, high stage compressor septum valve HV2 is all in closed condition, gas becomes high temperature and high pressure gas after high stage compressor C2 compression, high temperature and high pressure gas is flowed through after the level aftercooler AC2 of the second level and is cooled to room temperature, when gas pressure is higher than when setting value, high stage compressor septum valve HV2 opens, high pressure room temperature air flows out and is divided into two strands from high stage compressor high pressure valve HV2, the second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX5 that one is connected with heat bridge TB by second level precooling zone regenerator RG21 and at its cold junction is cooled to the cryogenic temperature of the first order, then enter in follow-up associated components, another strand enters in follow-up associated components by second level bidirection air intake valve DO2, make whole system all in high pressure conditions, then high stage compressor septum valve HV2 closes, high stage compressor low pressure modulating valve LV2 opens, gas is divided into two strands from second level air reservoir R2 through second level aperture valve O2, one gets back to high stage compressor C2 from second level bidirection air intake valve DO2 by high stage compressor low pressure modulating valve LV2, another stock-traders' know-how is crossed second level vascular PT2, second level low-temperature zone regenerator He-Re2, second level middle-temperature section regenerator RG22, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX5, second level precooling zone regenerator RG21 finally gets back to high stage compressor C2 by high stage compressor low pressure modulating valve LV2, complete thus a circulation, in cyclic process, there is the temperature difference in the gas of turnover second level cool end heat exchanger HX6, produce thus refrigeration effect.
Embodiment 3
As shown in Figure 3, a kind of helium that adopts comprises by first order compressor C1 as the high-frequency vascular refrigerator of the profound hypothermia regenerator of backheat medium, first order regenerator hot end heat exchanger HX1, first order regenerator RG1, first order cool end heat exchanger HX2, first order vascular PT1, first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3, first order inertia tube I1, the first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit of first order air reservoir R1 composition, first order heat bridge TB1, by high stage compressor C2, second level regenerator hot end heat exchanger HX4, second level precooling zone regenerator RG21, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX5, second level low-temperature zone regenerator RG23, second level cool end heat exchanger HX6, second level vascular PT2, second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX7, second level inertia tube I2, the second level precooling pulse refrigerator unit of second level air reservoir R2 composition, second level heat bridge TB2, and by third level compressor C3, third level regenerator hot end heat exchanger HX8, the third level the first precooling zone regenerator RG31, the third level the first precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX9, the third level the second precooling zone regenerator RG32, the third level the second precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX10, third level low-temperature zone regenerator He-Re3, third level cool end heat exchanger HX11, third level vascular PT3, third level vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX12, third level inertia tube I3, the third level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit of third level air reservoir R3 composition.
Third level low-temperature zone regenerator He-Re3 with in embodiment 1, adopt helium identical as the profound hypothermia regenerator He-Re structure of backheat medium, third level low-temperature zone regenerator He-Re3 operation temperature area, at 10K and below 10K, is wherein filled with the helium as backheat medium.
The annexation of above-mentioned each parts is as follows:
First order compressor C1 is communicated with first order regenerator hot end heat exchanger HX1, first order regenerator RG1, first order cool end heat exchanger HX2, first order vascular PT1, first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3, first order inertia tube I1 and first order air reservoir R1 successively by pipeline;
High stage compressor C2 is communicated with second level regenerator hot end heat exchanger HX4, second level precooling zone regenerator RG21, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX5, second level low-temperature zone regenerator RG23, second level cool end heat exchanger HX6, second level vascular PT2, second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX7, second level inertia tube I2 and second level air reservoir R2 successively by pipeline;
Third level compressor C3 by pipeline successively with third level regenerator hot end heat exchanger HX8, the third level the first precooling zone regenerator RG31, the third level the first precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX9, the third level the second precooling zone regenerator RG32, the third level the second precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX10, third level low-temperature zone regenerator He-Re3, third level cool end heat exchanger HX11, third level vascular PT3, third level vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX12, third level inertia tube I3 and third level air reservoir R3 are communicated with.
First order cool end heat exchanger HX2, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX5 and the third level the first precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX9 respectively first order heat bridge TB1 connect, and the second level cool end heat exchanger HX6 of the third level the second precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX10 and second level precooling pulse refrigerator unit is connected with second level heat bridge TB2 respectively.
The employing helium of this embodiment as the course of work of the high-frequency vascular refrigerator of the profound hypothermia regenerator of backheat medium is:
At high pressure phase, flow through after first order regenerator hot end heat exchanger HX1 and be cooled to room temperature through the high temperature and high pressure gas of first order compressor C1 compression, then with first order regenerator RG1 in backheat filler carry out heat exchange, temperature reduces, and the first order cool end heat exchanger HX2 that then flows through successively, first order vascular PT1, first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3, first order inertia tube I1 enter first order air reservoir R1, then enter low pressure cycle, gas passes through first order inertia tube I1 successively from first order air reservoir R1, first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3, first order vascular PT1, first order cool end heat exchanger HX2, first order regenerator RG1 gets back to and in first order compressor C1, completes a circulation, there is the temperature difference in the gas that passes in and out first order cool end heat exchanger HX2 in cyclic process, thereby produce refrigeration effect at first order cool end heat exchanger HX2 place, the refrigerating capacity at this place provides precooling by the second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX5 that is connected with first order heat bridge TB1 respectively and the third level the first precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX9 for second level vascular refrigerator and third level vascular refrigerator.
At high pressure phase, flow through after the regenerator hot end heat exchanger HX4 of the second level and be cooled to room temperature through the high temperature and high pressure gas of high stage compressor C2 compression, then with second level precooling zone regenerator RG21 in backheat filler carry out heat exchange, temperature reduces, then be cooled to the cold junction temperature of first order vascular refrigerator at precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX5 place, the second level, then the cryogenic gas second level low-temperature zone regenerator RG23 that flows through successively, second level cool end heat exchanger HX6, second level vascular PT2, second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX7, second level inertia tube I2 enters second level air reservoir R2, then enter low pressure cycle, gas from second level air reservoir R2 successively through second level inertia tube I2, second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX7, second level vascular PT2, second level cool end heat exchanger HX6, second level low-temperature zone regenerator RG23, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX5, second level precooling zone regenerator RG21 gets back to and in high stage compressor C2, completes a circulation, there is the temperature difference in the gas that passes in and out second level cool end heat exchanger HX6 in cyclic process, thereby produce refrigeration effect at cool end heat exchanger HX6 place, the second level, the refrigerating capacity at this place provides precooling by the third level the second precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX10 of being connected with second level heat bridge TB2 for third level vascular refrigerator.
At high pressure phase, flow through after third level regenerator hot end heat exchanger HX8 and be cooled to room temperature through the high temperature and high pressure gas of third level compressor C3 compression, then with the third level the first precooling zone regenerator RG31 in backheat filler carry out heat exchange, temperature reduces, be cooled to the cold junction temperature of first order vascular refrigerator at the third level the first precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX9 place, then gas enters the third level the second precooling zone regenerator RG32 and carries out heat exchange with backheat filler wherein, temperature reduces, be cooled to the cold junction temperature of second level vascular refrigerator at the third level the second precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX10 place, then the third level low-temperature zone of flowing through successively regenerator He-Re3, third level cool end heat exchanger HX11, third level vascular PT3, third level vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX12, third level inertia tube I3 enters third level air reservoir R3, then enter low pressure cycle, gas passes through third level inertia tube I3 successively from third level air reservoir R3, third level vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX12, third level vascular PT3, third level cool end heat exchanger HX11, third level low-temperature zone regenerator He-Re3, the third level the second precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX10, the third level the second precooling zone regenerator RG32, the third level the first precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX9, the third level the first precooling zone regenerator RG31 gets back to and in third level compressor C3, completes a circulation, there is the temperature difference in the gas that passes in and out third level cool end heat exchanger HX11 in cyclic process, thereby produce refrigeration effect at third level cool end heat exchanger HX11 place.
In above-described embodiment, third level low-temperature zone regenerator He-Re3, the length of second level low-temperature zone regenerator He-Re2 and filled pressure need to be determined according to realistic simulation experiment, be third level low-temperature zone regenerator He-Re3, the temperature of second level low-temperature zone regenerator He-Re2 work is 10K and below 10K, volumetric specific heat capacity according to the helium shown in Fig. 5 under different temperatures and pressure, taking the blowing pressure of vascular refrigerator as reference pressure, under this reference pressure, different the blowing pressures is selected in the both sides of corresponding volume specific heat capacity peak value, fill the volumetric specific heat capacity of the helium under pressure higher than the volumetric specific heat capacity of the refrigeration working medium helium under reference pressure to realize in whole operation temperature area, finally realize the high efficient heat exchanging of this section of regenerator.
Claims (10)
1. one kind adopts the profound hypothermia regenerator of helium as backheat medium, comprise with the shell (SC) of hot junction discharge orifice (1) and cold junction discharge orifice (2) and be placed in the backheat filler in described shell (SC), in backheat filler, have the gas flow (FC) of hot junction discharge orifice (1) and cold junction discharge orifice (2) connection, it is characterized in that, described backheat filler is the sealing heat exchange structure that inside is filled with helium.
2. employing helium according to claim 1, as the profound hypothermia regenerator of backheat medium, is characterized in that, described sealing heat exchange structure comprises:
Some groups for filling the heat exchanger tube (T) of helium;
For multiple the first fixtures (4) that the sealing of every group of heat exchanger tube (T) one end is fixed, for multiple the second fixtures (5) that the sealing of every group of heat exchanger tube (T) other end is fixed;
Described the first fixture (4) and the second fixture (5) are provided with organizes by correspondence the interface channel (7) that in heat exchanger tube (T), each heat exchanger tube is interconnected.
3. employing helium according to claim 2 is as the profound hypothermia regenerator of backheat medium, it is characterized in that, every group of heat exchanger tube (T) arranged ringwise, the some groups of heat exchanger tubes that are circular layout (T) arrange with one heart, leave described gas flow (FC) between adjacent set heat exchanger tube (T).
4. employing helium according to claim 3 is as the profound hypothermia regenerator of backheat medium, it is characterized in that, described sealing heat exchange structure also comprises: by all the first fixtures (4) or by all the second fixtures (5) fixed at least one linking arm (6) mutually, and have at least in a linking arm (5) and be provided with the loading line (CP) that all interface channels (7) are communicated with, realize the inflation to all heat exchanger tubes (T) by loading line (CP).
5. employing helium according to claim 1 is as the profound hypothermia regenerator of backheat medium, it is characterized in that, described sealing heat exchange structure is: on shell (SC) is axial, be roundabout shape setting, be upwards in shell (SC) week the heat exchanger tube that helix is arranged, be at least provided with an inflation inlet on this heat exchanger tube.
6. the profound hypothermia regenerator as backheat medium according to the employing helium described in claim 5 or 4, is characterized in that, described heat exchanger tube is copper pipe.
7. a vascular refrigerator, comprises first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit and second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit; It is characterized in that,
The regenerator of described second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit comprises the second level precooling zone regenerator (RG21), second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger (HX5), second level middle-temperature section regenerator (RG22) and the second level low-temperature zone regenerator (He-Re2) that are communicated with successively;
The cold junction of described first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit is realized the precooling to second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger (HX5) by heat bridge (TB);
Described second level low-temperature zone regenerator (He-Re2) is employing helium described in the arbitrary claim of the claim 1-6 profound hypothermia regenerator as backheat medium.
8. vascular refrigerator according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described heat bridge (TB) carries out precooling to phase modulating mechanism and the vascular hot-side heat exchanger of described second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit simultaneously.
9. a vascular refrigerator, comprises first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit, second level precooling pulse refrigerator unit and third level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit; It is characterized in that,
Regenerator in described third level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit comprises the third level the first precooling zone regenerator (RG31), the third level the first precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger (HX9), the third level the second precooling zone regenerator (RG32), the third level the second precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger (HX10), the third level low-temperature zone regenerator (He-Re3) that are communicated with successively;
The cold junction of described first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit is realized the one-level precooling of the second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger (HX5) to the third level the first precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger (HX9) and second level precooling pulse refrigerator unit by first order heat bridge (TB1); The cold junction of described second level precooling pulse refrigerator unit is realized the secondary precooling to the third level the second precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger (HX10) by the second heat bridge (TB2);
Described third level low-temperature zone regenerator (He-Re3) is employing helium described in the arbitrary claim of the claim 1-6 profound hypothermia regenerator as backheat medium.
10. vascular refrigerator according to claim 9, is characterized in that, described the first heat bridge (TB1) the simultaneously phase modulating mechanism to second level precooling pulse refrigerator unit and vascular hot-side heat exchanger carries out precooling; Described the second heat bridge (TB2) the simultaneously phase modulating mechanism to third level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit and vascular hot-side heat exchanger carries out precooling.
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