CN103216967B - Profound hypothermia discharger adopting full carbon aerogel and stirling cryocooler - Google Patents
Profound hypothermia discharger adopting full carbon aerogel and stirling cryocooler Download PDFInfo
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- CN103216967B CN103216967B CN201310149034.2A CN201310149034A CN103216967B CN 103216967 B CN103216967 B CN 103216967B CN 201310149034 A CN201310149034 A CN 201310149034A CN 103216967 B CN103216967 B CN 103216967B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a profound hypothermia discharger adopting full carbon aerogel. The profound hypothermia discharger adopting the full carbon aerogel comprises a shell, a cold end and a hot end, an absorption layer is arranged on the cold end, and the absorption layer is composed of full carbon aerogel. A full carbon aerogel layer is arranged at the cold end of the profound hypothermia discharger, wherein one side of the full carbon aerogel layer is strong in absorption capability. Full carbon ultralight gel materials adsorbing helium have a high volumetric specific heat capacity within the temperature range of 10K and under 10K, and has a high thermal efficiency at the profound hypothermia under 10K. The invention further discloses a stirling cryocooler, the profound hypothermia discharge adopting the full carbon aerogel is applied to the stirling cryocooler to enable the stirling cryocooler to be good in stability and reliability in a deep low temperature zone, and high in refrigeration effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sterlin refrigerator, particularly relate to a kind of the profound hypothermia displacer and the sterlin refrigerator that adopt full carbon aerogels.
Background technology
Liquid helium region has indispensable important function in fields such as national defense and military, energy medical treatment, Aero-Space, low-temperature physics.Since Dutch physicist Kamerlingh.Onnes realized the liquefaction of helium first in 1908, liquid helium region (4K) is the Focal point and difficult point of cryogenic engineering area research always.Meanwhile, particularly since the eighties in 20th century, the mankind have had higher technology and performance requirement to profound hypothermia Refrigeration Technique, and to efficiency, reliability, the volume and weight of Cryo Refrigerator, and vibration etc. proposes more and more harsher requirement.
Regenerative refrigerating technology is an important branch of low-temperature refrigeration technology, compared with other Refrigeration Techniques, owing to have employed the regenerator being filled with high volumetric specific heat capacity filler, regenerative refrigerating technology has that efficiency is high, compact conformation, can obtain the advantages such as profound hypothermia (liquid helium region), is used widely at present in fields such as national defense and military, energy medical treatment, low-temperature physics.
Sterlin refrigerator and vascular refrigerator are two kinds of typical regenerating type low-temperature refrigerators, they have been widely used in space tasks at present, but these two kinds of types are at present only at 80K and 35K warm area development relative maturity, and still there is larger technical difficulty at 10K and following warm area, this makes low temperature warm area efficient regenerative system cold become Research Challenges and the focus of current field of low-temperature refrigeration.
Compared with vascular refrigerator, sterlin refrigerator, owing to have employed the displacer of ACTIVE CONTROL, effectively can be reduced by the pressure loss of regeneration filler, thus can obtain larger expansion-pressure ratio at cold junction; Secondly, displacer can reclaim the expansion work of working medium, and make the theoretical efficiency of sterlin refrigerator equal Carnot efficiency, and vascular refrigerator is owing to cannot reclaim the expansion work in vascular, its intrinsic conversion efficiency is lower than sterlin refrigerator; Simultaneously owing to not needing phase modulating mechanism and the vasculars such as inertia tube/air reservoir, sterlin refrigerator has compact structure more than vascular refrigerator, in addition clearance seal and flat spring support technology is increasingly mature, and sterlin refrigerator is widely used in space and the field such as military.
But for obtaining the cryogenic temperature of below 10K, sterlin refrigerator must adopt 3 grades of even more multistage structures, and too much progression causes its displacer long, owing to adopting the clearance seal of spacing minimum (about 10 μm) between the displacer in Stirling decompressor and cylinder, simultaneously because displacer leap warm area is large, material property change is violent, so that long displacer cannot ensure the gap between piston and cylinder, very easily cause wearing and tearing, thus cause and cannot obtain high reliability and long-life, therefore its application is limited in more than 20K warm area and two-layer configuration.
As the one of philip refrigerator, another technical barrier that restriction sterlin refrigerator obtains profound hypothermia is: the volumetric specific heat capacity of helium sharply increases at below 15K warm area, and conventional regeneration filler is (as lead shot, the materials such as stainless steel) specific heat capacity then significantly decline, although magnetic regeneration filler (Er3Ni, GOS etc.) there is higher volumetric specific heat capacity peak value, but this peak value also only exists in its phase transition temperature region, thus cause the efficiency of deep hypothermia regenerator sharply to reduce (as shown in Figure 4), and then cause profound hypothermia stirling refrigeration engine efficiency extremely low, so the regeneration filler that searching (<10K) under profound hypothermia has high specific heat capacity improves a key of current profound hypothermia warm area sterlin refrigerator inefficiency.
Aeroge, the material of to be a kind of appearance with loose structure be solid shape, density is minimum, can obtain 95% and above porosity, have stronger adsorption capacity, the density of full carbon aerogels the lightest on our times is only 0.16 milli gram/cc, there is extraordinary mechanical property simultaneously, can restore to the original state when volume is compressed to 20%, and have good heat-proof quality, the preparation of aeroge and application become current study hotspot.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of profound hypothermia displacer adopting full carbon aerogels, the full carbon aerogels layer that one deck has stronger adsorption capacity is adsorbed at the cold junction of the profound hypothermia displacer adopting full carbon aerogels, in the temperature range that 10K and below 10K is wider, also there is higher volumetric specific heat capacity, there is higher effectiveness of regenerator in the profound hypothermia of below 10K to make the ultralight aerogel material of full carbon having adsorbed helium.
Adopt a profound hypothermia displacer for full carbon aerogels, comprise housing, cold junction and hot junction, described cold junction is provided with one deck adsorption layer, and this adsorption layer is made up of full carbon aerogels.
Described housing is that hollow maybe can be filled with regeneration filler.This housing is made up of thin-wall stainless steel.Described regeneration filler comprises at least one in stainless steel cloth, lead shot, magnetic fillers.
Described adsorption layer can adopt dismountable frame for movement or utilize low temperature glue to be connected to the cold junction of the profound hypothermia displacer of the full carbon aerogels of described employing.
In the present invention, adopt the applicable warm area of the cold junction of the profound hypothermia displacer of full carbon aerogels to be 10K and below 10K, it is 10-300K that hot junction is suitable for warm area.
As described in the background art, for obtaining lower cryogenic temperature, three grades or more structure must be adopted, but long displacer cannot ensure the clearance seal between displacer and cylinder, thus cause wearing and tearing and fatigue, reduce to make the Performance And Reliability of sterlin refrigerator, utilize the profound hypothermia displacer of the full carbon aerogels of the above-mentioned employing mentioned, its adsorption layer still can restore to the original state after by compression 80%, effectively can avoid the wearing and tearing between this profound hypothermia displacer and cylinder, the space that full carbon aerogels compression reduces simultaneously can be used as cold chamber supplied gas and expand, to reduce the size of cold junction expansion chamber, the leakage heat of final reduction cold junction, improve overall efficiency.
Present invention also offers a kind of sterlin refrigerator, be applied in sterlin refrigerator by the profound hypothermia displacer with full carbon aerogels, to make sterlin refrigerator have good stability and reliability in profound hypothermia district, refrigeration is high.
As a kind of technical scheme, a kind of sterlin refrigerator, comprise cold finger and be communicated with this cold finger and provide the compressor of working fluid, described cold finger comprises spring, profound hypothermia displacer, first order cylinder, first order cool end heat exchanger, second level cylinder, second level cool end heat exchanger, third level cylinder and third level cool end heat exchanger; Described first order cylinder, first order cool end heat exchanger, second level cylinder, second level cool end heat exchanger, third level cylinder and third level cool end heat exchanger connect to form cold chamber successively; Be coaxially arranged with the profound hypothermia displacer be sealed and matched with its gap in described cold chamber, profound hypothermia displacer is connected to the hot junction of first order cylinder by spring; Described profound hypothermia displacer is the profound hypothermia displacer of the full carbon aerogels of above-mentioned employing.
Described cold finger also can comprise being connected with compressor and realizes the transfer tube that fluid is communicated with.
As another kind of technical scheme, a kind of sterlin refrigerator, comprise cold finger, be communicated with this cold finger and the compressor of working fluid be provided and coaxially arrange with this cold finger and with the decompressor of piston, described cold finger comprises profound hypothermia displacer, hot end heat exchanger, first order cylinder, first order cool end heat exchanger, second level cylinder, second level cool end heat exchanger, third level cylinder and third level cool end heat exchanger; Described hot end heat exchanger, first order cylinder, first order cool end heat exchanger, second level cylinder, second level cool end heat exchanger, third level cylinder and third level cool end heat exchanger connect to form cold chamber successively; Be coaxially arranged with the profound hypothermia displacer be sealed and matched with its gap in described cold chamber, profound hypothermia displacer and decompressor are coaxially arranged, and the hot junction of profound hypothermia displacer is connected with described piston; Described profound hypothermia displacer is the profound hypothermia displacer of the full carbon aerogels of above-mentioned employing.
Described compressor is connected with one and communicates with cold finger and realize the transfer tube that fluid is communicated with.
The first technical scheme is pneumatic type sterlin refrigerator, and the second technical scheme is Oxford type double-drive stirling refrigeration machine, and compared with pneumatic type sterlin refrigerator, Oxford type double-drive stirling refrigeration machine has displacer Active phase and controls and regulatory function.
Described decompressor is existing piston expansion engine, is generally made up of flat spring, magnet, coil, yoke etc.
Described decompressor comprises:
With the decompressor shell of a side opening;
Be installed in the annular fixing frame of the opening part of decompressor shell;
Be arranged on the cylinder body on annular fixing frame;
Piston, with to be located in cylinder body and and cylinder gap seal, piston is through annular fixing frame and be connected with the hot junction of profound hypothermia displacer;
Yoke, comprise be located at outer wall of cylinder block interior yoke, to be wound on outside interior yoke and the outer yoke be fixed on annular fixing frame;
Be nested in the coil around interior yoke in outer yoke;
The permanent magnet of slide arrangement between interior yoke and outer yoke;
Flat spring, outside is fixed on outer yoke, and inner side is connected with piston;
Be arranged on the first fluid passage communicated with compressor in annular fixing frame; And
Be located at the second fluid passage communicated between piston outer wall with annular fixing frame and with cold finger.
Described flat spring center drilling, part centered by inside flat spring, outside is outer peripheral portion.
Compared with existing stirling refrigeration machine technology, beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in:
(1) sterlin refrigerator of the present invention is adsorbed with the full carbon aerogels layer of one deck at profound hypothermia displacer cold junction, has higher effectiveness of regenerator to make the profound hypothermia displacer of the full carbon aerogels of employing at 10K and below 10K warm area.This is because full carbon aerogels has excellent adsorption capacity at low temperatures and elevated pressures, simultaneously because the helium in refrigeration machine is higher at the volumetric specific heat capacity of profound hypothermia warm area, so the full carbon aerogels having adsorbed helium just has higher volumetric specific heat capacity in the temperature range that 10K and below 10K is wider, and it also has good stability, be conducive to the stability and the reliability that improve refrigeration machine.
(2) the full carbon aerogels layer elasticity that adopts at the cold junction of profound hypothermia displacer of the present invention is high, it still can restore to the original state after by compression 80%, therefore effectively can avoid the wearing and tearing between displacer cold junction and cold finger, the space that full carbon aerogels compression reduces simultaneously can be used as cold chamber supplied gas and expand, to reduce the size of cold junction expansion chamber, the leakage heat of final reduction cold junction, improves overall efficiency.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that the present invention adopts the profound hypothermia displacer of full carbon aerogels.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of a kind of embodiment of sterlin refrigerator of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the another kind of embodiment structural representation of sterlin refrigerator of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the relation between the volumetric specific heat capacity of many kinds of substance and temperature.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail, it should be understood that following only illustratively property, do not limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
With reference to Fig. 1, a kind of profound hypothermia displacer AHD adopting full carbon aerogels, comprise housing, be filled in the regeneration filler in this housing, the cold junction of profound hypothermia displacer AHD is provided with adsorption layer, and this adsorption layer is made up of full carbon aerogels.Housing is made up of thin-wall stainless steel, is filled with regeneration filler in stainless steel tube, and adsorption layer is the cold junction utilizing low temperature glue to stick to profound hypothermia displacer AHD.In figure, profound hypothermia displacer AHD is divided into high temperature section HDP and low-temperature zone ACDP, it is that to be suitable for warm area be 10K and below 10K for 10-300K, low-temperature zone ACDP that high temperature section HDP is suitable for warm area, and adsorption layer is low-temperature zone ACDP.
Embodiment 2
With reference to Fig. 2, a kind of sterlin refrigerator, comprise compressor C and cold finger, cold finger comprises transfer tube TL, spring S, adopts the profound hypothermia displacer AHD of full carbon aerogels, first order cylinder C1, first order cool end heat exchanger HX1, second level cylinder C2, second level cool end heat exchanger HX2, third level cylinder C3 and third level cool end heat exchanger HX3.
The annexation of above-mentioned each parts is as follows: compressor C is connected with third level cool end heat exchanger HX3 with first order cylinder C1, first order cool end heat exchanger HX1, second level cylinder C2, second level cool end heat exchanger HX2, third level cylinder C3 successively by transfer tube TL; First order cylinder C1, first order cool end heat exchanger HX1, second level cylinder C2, second level cool end heat exchanger HX2, third level cylinder C3 and third level cool end heat exchanger HX3 connect to form cold chamber successively, be coaxially arranged with the profound hypothermia displacer AHD of the full carbon aerogels of employing be sealed and matched with cold cavity gap in cold chamber, adopt the hot junction of the profound hypothermia displacer AHD of full carbon aerogels to be connected with first order cylinder C1 hot junction by spring S.
The running of the sterlin refrigerator of present embodiment is:
High pressure phase, the high temperature and high pressure gas after compressor C compresses enters the profound hypothermia displacer AHD adopting full carbon aerogels by transfer tube TL, adopt the profound hypothermia displacer AHD of full carbon aerogels to move downward; Periods of low pressure, the profound hypothermia displacer AHD of full carbon aerogels is adopted to move upward, gases at high pressure expand at the cold junction of first order cylinder C1, second level cylinder C2 and third level cylinder C3 and produce refrigeration effect, cold takes out from first order cool end heat exchanger HX1, second level cool end heat exchanger HX2 and third level cool end heat exchanger HX3 to cool device to be cooled respectively, complete a circulation thus, until reach stable lowest refrigerating temperature.
Embodiment 3
With reference to Fig. 3, a kind of sterlin refrigerator comprises with the compressor C of transfer tube TL, cold finger and decompressor; Cold finger comprises hot end heat exchanger HHX, adopts the profound hypothermia displacer AHD of full carbon aerogels, first order cylinder C1, first order cool end heat exchanger HX1, second level cylinder C2, second level cool end heat exchanger HX2, third level cylinder C3 and third level cool end heat exchanger HX3; Decompressor comprises decompressor shell S, annular fixing frame G, cylinder body PC, flat spring F, coil SC, piston TP, yoke Y, permanent magnet M, permanent magnet support H.
The annexation of above-mentioned each parts is as follows: compressor C is connected with decompressor by transfer tube TL, decompressor successively with hot end heat exchanger HHX, first order cylinder C1, first order cool end heat exchanger HX1, second level cylinder C2, second level cool end heat exchanger HX2, third level cylinder C3 is connected with third level cool end heat exchanger HX3, hot end heat exchanger HHX, first order cylinder C1, first order cool end heat exchanger HX1, second level cylinder C2, second level cool end heat exchanger HX2, third level cylinder C3 and third level cool end heat exchanger HX3 connects to form cold chamber successively, the profound hypothermia displacer AHD of the full carbon aerogels of employing be sealed and matched with cold cavity gap is coaxially arranged with in cold chamber, the profound hypothermia displacer AHD of full carbon aerogels and decompressor is adopted also coaxially to arrange, the hot junction of profound hypothermia displacer AHD of full carbon aerogels is adopted to be connected with the piston TP of decompressor.
Decompressor shell S is made up of the staving with a side opening, and staving opening is provided with flange face.Annular fixing frame G is installed in the opening part of decompressor shell S, and annular fixing frame G inwall is provided with the fixed lobe extended to center, and cylinder body PC is fixed on fixed lobe, is provided with the first gas passage in annular fixing frame G, and it is connected with compressor C by transfer tube TL; Annular fixing frame G two ends are provided with the screw interfixed with the flange face of staving respectively, utilize bolt decompressor shell S and annular fixing frame G can be interfixed.
Cylinder body PC is a cylindrical shell coaxially arranged with cold finger, and the fixed lobe of cylindrical shell and annular fixing frame G inwall seals fixing.Be provided with gap sealed piston TP, piston TP with cylinder body PC in cylinder body PC pass annular fixing frame G and be connected with the hot junction of the profound hypothermia displacer AHD adopting full carbon aerogels.Be provided with the second fluid passage communicated with cold finger between piston outer wall with annular fixing frame, first fluid passage communicates with second fluid passage, realizes working fluid and carries in cold finger from compressor.Yoke Y is made up of outer yoke and interior yoke, and interior yoke is located at cylinder body PC outer wall, and outer yoke to be wound on outside interior yoke and to be fixed on annular fixing frame G; Coil SC to be nested in outer yoke and around interior yoke, is fixed on permanent magnet M slide arrangement on permanent magnet support between interior yoke and outer yoke; Outer yoke and annular fixing frame G are interfixed by stay bolt, and interior yoke and cylinder body PC are interfixed by stay bolt.Interfixed by a fixed support and outer yoke outside flat spring F, be connected with permanent magnet support H and piston TP end and interfixed by bolt inside flat spring F.Flat spring F, coil SC, permanent magnet support H, piston TP, cylinder body PC, yoke Y and permanent magnet M are arranged in the enclosed cavity of decompressor shell S composition.
The running of the sterlin refrigerator of present embodiment is:
High pressure phase, the high temperature and high pressure gas after compressor C compresses enters the profound hypothermia displacer AHD adopting full carbon aerogels by transfer tube TL, adopt the profound hypothermia displacer AHD of full carbon aerogels to move downward under the acting in conjunction of permanent magnet M and coil SC; Periods of low pressure, under the acting in conjunction of permanent magnet M and coil SC, adopt the profound hypothermia displacer AHD of full carbon aerogels to move upward, gases at high pressure expand at the cold junction of first order cylinder C1, second level cylinder C2 and third level cylinder C3 and produce refrigeration effect, cold takes out from first order cool end heat exchanger HX1, second level cool end heat exchanger HX2 and third level cool end heat exchanger HX3 to cool device to be cooled respectively, complete a circulation thus, until reach stable lowest refrigerating temperature.
Claims (5)
1. adopt a profound hypothermia displacer for full carbon aerogels, comprise housing, cold junction and hot junction, it is characterized in that, described cold junction is provided with one deck adsorption layer, and this adsorption layer is made up of full carbon aerogels.
2. the profound hypothermia displacer of the full carbon aerogels of employing according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described housing is hollow or is filled with regeneration filler.
3. a sterlin refrigerator, comprise cold finger and be communicated with this cold finger and provide the compressor of working fluid, described cold finger comprises spring, profound hypothermia displacer, first order cylinder, first order cool end heat exchanger, second level cylinder, second level cool end heat exchanger, third level cylinder and third level cool end heat exchanger; Described first order cylinder, second level cylinder, third level cylinder connect successively, and described first order cool end heat exchanger, second level cool end heat exchanger, third level cool end heat exchanger are arranged at first order cylinder, second level cylinder, third level cylinder end respectively; Described first order cylinder, first order cool end heat exchanger, second level cylinder, second level cool end heat exchanger, third level cylinder form cold chamber together with third level cool end heat exchanger; Be coaxially arranged with the profound hypothermia displacer be sealed and matched with its gap in described cold chamber, the hot junction of profound hypothermia displacer is connected to the hot junction of first order cylinder by spring; It is characterized in that, described profound hypothermia displacer is the profound hypothermia displacer of the full carbon aerogels of the employing described in claim 1 or 2.
4. a sterlin refrigerator, comprise cold finger, be communicated with this cold finger and the compressor of working fluid is provided, coaxially arranges with this cold finger and with the decompressor of piston, described cold finger comprises profound hypothermia displacer, hot end heat exchanger, first order cylinder, first order cool end heat exchanger, second level cylinder, second level cool end heat exchanger, third level cylinder and third level cool end heat exchanger; Described hot end heat exchanger, first order cylinder, second level cylinder, third level cylinder connect successively, and described first order cool end heat exchanger, second level cool end heat exchanger, third level cool end heat exchanger are arranged at first order cylinder, second level cylinder, third level cylinder end respectively; Described hot end heat exchanger, first order cylinder, first order cool end heat exchanger, second level cylinder, second level cool end heat exchanger, third level cylinder form cold chamber together with third level cool end heat exchanger; Be coaxially arranged with the profound hypothermia displacer be sealed and matched with its gap in described cold chamber, profound hypothermia displacer and decompressor are coaxially arranged, and the hot junction of profound hypothermia displacer is connected with described piston; It is characterized in that, described profound hypothermia displacer is the profound hypothermia displacer of the full carbon aerogels of the employing described in claim 1 or 2.
5. sterlin refrigerator according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described decompressor comprises:
With the decompressor shell of a side opening;
Be installed in the annular fixing frame of the opening part of decompressor shell;
Be arranged on the cylinder body on annular fixing frame;
Piston, with to be located in cylinder body and and cylinder gap seal, piston is through annular fixing frame and be connected with the hot junction of profound hypothermia displacer;
Yoke, comprise be located at outer wall of cylinder block interior yoke, to be wound on outside interior yoke and the outer yoke be fixed on annular fixing frame;
Be nested in the coil around interior yoke in outer yoke;
The permanent magnet of slide arrangement between interior yoke and outer yoke;
Flat spring, outside is fixed on outer yoke, and inner side is connected with piston;
Be arranged on the first fluid passage communicated with compressor in annular fixing frame; And
Be located at the second fluid passage communicated between piston outer wall with annular fixing frame and with cold finger.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201310149034.2A CN103216967B (en) | 2013-04-25 | 2013-04-25 | Profound hypothermia discharger adopting full carbon aerogel and stirling cryocooler |
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| JP2015143596A (en) * | 2014-01-31 | 2015-08-06 | 住友重機械工業株式会社 | Regenerator and regenerator type refrigeration machine |
| CN108692476B (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2020-02-21 | 浙江大学 | Low-temperature refrigeration system with adsorption device and used for cooling space detector |
| CN109632450B (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2020-09-25 | 浙江大学 | Mechanism for cooling and transmitting sample in sealed cavity |
| CN111623552B (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-10-23 | 浙江赋同科技有限公司 | Adopt adsorption refrigerator and G-M refrigerator integrated cryostat |
| CN112989505B (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2022-07-29 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Helium circulating multistage direct-current linear compression system in ultra-low temperature region and design method |
| CN116907161B (en) * | 2023-09-12 | 2023-12-08 | 苏州华冷科技有限公司 | Deep low temperature Leng Lianxiang of many refrigerators |
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| JP3026506B2 (en) * | 1990-11-21 | 2000-03-27 | 科学技術振興事業団 | Magnetic material having high heat capacity in a temperature range of 4K to 20K, and a regenerator and a magnetic refrigerator using the same |
| DE102006006326B4 (en) * | 2006-02-11 | 2007-12-06 | Bruker Biospin Ag | Hybrid heat pump / chiller with magnetic cooling stage |
| CN100402952C (en) * | 2006-12-12 | 2008-07-16 | 南京航空航天大学 | Adsorption phase-regulating vascular refrigerator |
| CN102937351B (en) * | 2012-11-28 | 2014-08-20 | 浙江大学 | Deep hypothermia regenerator employing carbon nano regeneration filler and pulse tube refrigerator of same |
| CN203258917U (en) * | 2013-04-25 | 2013-10-30 | 浙江大学 | Profound hypothermia ejector adopting full carbon aerogel and stirling cryocooler |
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