CN108800642A - A kind of pulse type free-piston Stirling cooler - Google Patents
A kind of pulse type free-piston Stirling cooler Download PDFInfo
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- CN108800642A CN108800642A CN201810437019.0A CN201810437019A CN108800642A CN 108800642 A CN108800642 A CN 108800642A CN 201810437019 A CN201810437019 A CN 201810437019A CN 108800642 A CN108800642 A CN 108800642A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
- F25B9/145—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle pulse-tube cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/14—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used
- F25B2309/1412—Pulse-tube cycles characterised by heat exchanger details
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Pulse type free-piston Stirling cooler according to the present invention,Including linear motor,Compression unit,Expanding machine unit and rack,Rack includes flange,Expansion piston pipe,Compression piston pipe and pedestal,It is parallel to compression piston cavity axis,Multiple connection compression piston chambers and external through-hole are provided on disk,The internal diameter of compression piston chamber is more than the internal diameter of expansion piston chamber,The internal diameter of expansion piston chamber and the internal diameter of pulse tube are identical,Expanding machine unit includes expansion piston,Expansion piston spring,Expansion piston bar,Regenerator,Pulse tube,Cool end heat exchanger,Expansion piston is in expansion piston pipe,The other end passes through compression piston,It is connected with expansion piston spring after compression piston spring,Compression piston,Expansion piston,Compression piston chamber and expansion piston chamber constitute compression chamber,Expansion piston,Two level hot end heat exchanger and expansion piston chamber constitute expansion chamber,Expansion chamber is coaxially arranged with compression chamber.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to refrigerating fields, and in particular to a kind of pulse type free-piston Stirling cooler.
Background technology
Cryogenic refrigeration mechanism cold is widely used in aviation, military affairs, surpasses as a kind of method of important acquisition low temperature
It leads, communicate, electronics, metallurgy, industrial gasses liquefy and the fields such as biologic medical.Especially in recent years, China aerospace industry
It flourishes so that Cryo Refrigerator is more and more obvious in the application demand of aerospace.
Life science, materials sciences in space experiment are the important components of space scientific research.According to statistics, in September, 2000 is extremely
In in March, 2010 international space station scientific experiment full-fledged research is occupied with human medical, the relevant experimental duties of biotechnology
It is movable more than half, at the beginning of China's manned space flight task-cycle, just for space life science, medicine related scientific research work need
It wants, it is proposed that the demand of space low temperature storage device development.The experiment of the space science such as space life science, materials sciences in space is ground
Study carefully after preparation stage, pilot process and experiment, is required for preserving in the low temperature environment of temperature-controllable in station module
Laboratory sample.It can be said that space low temperature refrigerator has become the standard configuration of space station.Currently, NASA is in international space station
(ISS) in the refrigerating equipment to come into operation, main refrigerant mode has thermoelectric cooling, inverse Brayton refrigeration and Stirling cycle
Refrigeration.
GLACIER(General Laboratory Active Cryogenic ISS Experiment
Refrigerator) be NASA develop First can be used for simultaneously two platforms in space station and airship -80 DEG C of low temperature storage
Device is freezed using free-piston Stirling cooler, it can be achieved that 4 DEG C to -95 DEG C of cryogenic temperature under wind pattern；In water
, it can be achieved that 4 DEG C to -160 DEG C of low temperature storage under refrigerating mode.It is deposited to further increase low temperature during in-orbit and uplink and downlink
Energy storage power, NASA have developed single module unit size (273x460x522mm) cooperatively with University of Alabama Birmingham branch school
Low temperature stores product Polar.The device equally uses free-piston Stirling cooler as low-temperature receiver, it can be achieved that -80 DEG C low
Gentle storage and sample transport, it is 12.7L that maximum, which preserves volume,.
The theoretical refrigerating efficiency of sterlin refrigerator is equal to Carnot efficiency, and efficiency when actual motion is also all at present
Highest one kind of efficiency in Cryo Refrigerator.Free-piston Stirling cooler structure is by William Beale in 20th century 60
Age proposes, is mainly characterized by using skills such as linear compressor driving, flexure spring support, clearance seal combination gas bearing
Art, with compact-sized, noise is small, long lifespan, high reliability.Sunpower companies exploitation liberty of commerce piston this
Highest relative carnot efficiency of the special woods refrigeration machine in liquid nitrogen temperature has broken through 20%, subsidiary Stirling Ultracold
What the low temperature refrigerator that company (former Global Cooling companies) develops used is exactly free-piston Stirling cooler.2012,
Stirling Ultracold companies compare two-stage overlapping low-temperature refrigerator and Stirling low temperature refrigerator, find to use free-piston
The low temperature refrigerator of sterlin refrigerator has significant advantage, compared with traditional low temperature refrigerator, Stirling low temperature in energy-saving square face
Refrigerator can save energy more than 50%.
By the application present situation of the above free-piston Stirling cooler as it can be seen that free-piston Stirling cooler has preferably
Application prospect, especially merit attention in space refrigeration application aspect, for low temperature refrigerator field, main refrigerant warm area
Between 120~200K, and the low temperature sterlin refrigerator studied both at home and abroad is mainly near liquid nitrogen temperature at present.Especially state
Interior scientific research institution, to the research relative deficiency of the small-sized cryogenic mechanical refrigeration machine of middle warm area (120K~200K) refrigeration.
Since space refrigeration has strict requirements to energy consumption, the efficiency for improving refrigeration machine is exactly space refrigerating machine always
Mainstream research direction, the space refrigerating machine of mainstream is mainly sterlin refrigerator and vascular refrigerator at present, both is compared
Theoretical refrigerating efficiency, for thermodynamics, equality of temperature limits the pulse tube refrigeration engine efficiency under work and is always less than stirling refrigeration
Machine.
Why the efficiency of vascular refrigerator is less than sterlin refrigerator, is primarily due to vascular refrigerator unlike Stirling
Refrigeration machine has structure as expansion piston by the expansion work " feedback " of gas to compression chamber, the expansion work in vascular hot junction mainly with
The form of heat is dissipated to by phase modulating mechanism such as inertia tube and air reservoir in environment, causes vascular refrigerator less efficient.
Invention content
In order to while ensureing vascular refrigerator own advantages, improve its refrigerating efficiency, acoustic power recovery type pulse tube refrigeration
Machine comes into being.For the occasion of small refrigeration requirement, the sound work(that vascular refrigerator dissipates in phase modulating mechanism is very small, and sound work(returns
The meaning of receipts is not very notable, and for the high-power pulse tube refrigeration machine to freeze in high temperature area, what hot junction was dissipated
Sound work(is very considerable, is expected to greatly improve its refrigerating efficiency to effective recycling of this part sound work(.Therefore, acoustic power recovery type vascular
Refrigeration machine has higher researching value in terms of middle warm area High cooling power.
One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a kind of novel pulse type free-piston Stirling coolers.
The present invention provides a kind of pulse type free-piston Stirling coolers, have the feature that, including straight-line electric
Machine, compression unit, expanding machine unit and rack, wherein rack includes flange, expansion piston pipe, compression piston pipe and bottom
Seat, the one side of flange shape in disk form, the flange are provided with concentric disk, and another side is connected with pedestal, and pedestal is in cylinder
Shape, one end are connected with flange, and the other end is free end, and the center line of pedestal is overlapped with the center line of flange, and expansion piston pipe is
Straight pipe, one end are connected with disk, and the other end is free end, the pulse tube for connecting refrigeration machine, have in expansion piston pipe
Cylindrical expansion plunger shaft, compression piston pipe are straight pipe, and in the base, one end is connected with flange, and the other end is free end for setting,
There is in compression piston pipe compression cylinder plunger shaft, compression piston chamber and expansion piston chamber coaxial line and be connected, be parallel to pressure
Contracting piston cavity axis, multiple connection compression piston chambers and external through-holes are provided on disk, and the internal diameter of compression piston chamber is more than
The internal diameter of expansion piston chamber, the internal diameter of expansion piston chamber and the internal diameter of pulse tube are identical, and linear motor includes outer yoke, interior
Yoke and mover, outer yoke, interior yoke are separately positioned in rack and there is gap, mover to set between outer yoke, interior yoke
It sets in gap, there is compression unit compression piston, compression piston spring, compression piston spring to be fixed by connector and rack
Connection, compression piston are arranged in compression piston pipe, and one end is connected with mover and is connected with compression piston spring, and the other end is certainly
By holding, expanding machine unit includes that expansion piston, expansion piston spring, expansion piston bar, level-one hot end heat exchanger, two level hot junction are changed
Hot device, regenerator, pulse tube, cool end heat exchanger, level-one hot end heat exchanger is cylindrical, be sleeved on the outer wall of expansion piston pipe and
It is arranged on the end face of roundel, one end of pulse tube is connected with expansion piston pipe, and the other end is connected with cool end heat exchanger, backheat
Device is cylindrical, is arranged in the outside of pulse tube, and one end is connected with cool end heat exchanger, the other end and level-one hot end heat exchanger phase
Even, two level hot end heat exchanger is arranged in pulse tube, and for expansion piston in expansion piston pipe, expansion piston spring passes through connector
It is fixedly connected with rack, one end of expansion piston bar is connected with expansion piston, and the other end passes through compression piston, compression piston spring
It is connected afterwards with expansion piston spring, compression piston, expansion piston, compression piston chamber and expansion piston chamber constitute compression chamber, swollen
Swollen piston, two level hot end heat exchanger and expansion piston chamber constitute expansion chamber, and expansion chamber is coaxially arranged with compression chamber.
The present invention provides a kind of pulse type free-piston Stirling coolers, which is characterized in that further includes：It is arranged in arteries and veins
Washing pipe one end and the air deflector in pulse tube.
In addition, in pulse type free-piston Stirling cooler provided by the invention, which is characterized in that further include：If
Set the shell in Shelf External and the cold finger shell that is arranged outside expanding machine unit.
In addition, in pulse type free-piston Stirling cooler provided by the invention, which is characterized in that further include：Position
In the outside of level-one hot end heat exchanger and the radiator that is arranged on cold finger shell.
In addition, in pulse type free-piston Stirling cooler provided by the invention, which is characterized in that exchange heat in cold end
Device and regenerator are additionally provided with the first filtering layer, and the first filtering layer is cylindrical in shape, is made of stainless steel cloth.
In addition, in pulse type free-piston Stirling cooler provided by the invention, which is characterized in that in level-one hot junction
Heat exchanger and cool end heat exchanger are additionally provided with the second filtering layer, and the second filtering layer is cylindrical in shape, is made of steeping wool.
In addition, in pulse type free-piston Stirling cooler provided by the invention, which is characterized in that wherein, backheat
Device is cylindrical in shape, and is made of polyester film.
The effect of invention
According to coaxial pulse-tube type free-piston Stirling cooler according to the present invention, including driving unit, compression list
Member, expanding machine unit.
The coaxial pulse-tube type free-piston Stirling cooler of the present invention eliminates traditional free-piston Stirling cooler
Longer low-temperature expansion piston is replaced with shorter room-temperature zone work work recycling expansion piston.Free-piston Stirling cooler
Expansion cylinder become the pulse tube of vascular cold finger, pulse tube cold end is disposed with the air deflector of laminarization, and hot junction is equipped with two level
Hot end heat exchanger.The advantages of this change combines free-piston Stirling cooler and vascular refrigerator, by cancelling cold
The expansion piston of hot junction high frequency motion eliminates pumping loss, shuttle loss and axial thermal conductivity that low-temperature expansion piston is brought
Loss.Shorter swell at room temperature piston is set by hot junction and solves the problems, such as the acoustic power recovery of vascular refrigerator, therefore, when complete
When recycling cold end sound work(, which is Carnot's cycle efficiency.Meanwhile it taking
The low-temperature expansion piston that disappears reduces refrigeration machine manufacture difficulty, reduces overall mass.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is pulse type free-piston Stirling cooler diagrammatic cross-section in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the stereoscopic schematic diagram of rack in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is A direction views in Fig. 2；
Fig. 4 is C-C sectional views in Fig. 3；
Fig. 5 is the perspective cross-sectional schematic diagram of rack in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is a kind of perspective cross-sectional schematic diagram of rack in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is pulse type free-piston Stirling cooler diagrammatic cross-section in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the stereoscopic schematic diagram of rack in the embodiment of the present invention two；
Fig. 9 is B direction views in Fig. 8；
Figure 10 is D-D sectional views in Fig. 9；
Figure 11 is integrated open frame schematic cross-sectional view in embodiment six；
Figure 12 is integrated open frame schematic cross-sectional view in embodiment seven；And
Figure 13 is that the pulse type free-piston Stirling cooler with segmented regenerator cuts open in the embodiment of the present invention
Face schematic diagram.
Specific implementation mode
It is real below in order to make the technical means, the creative features, the aims and the efficiencies achieved by the present invention be easy to understand
Example combination attached drawing is applied to be specifically addressed the coaxial pulse-tube type free-piston Stirling cooler of the present invention.
Embodiment one
As shown in Figure 1, coaxial pulse-tube type free-piston Stirling cooler includes linear motor 1, compression unit, expanding machine
Unit, undamped dynamic absorber unit 4, rack 50 and shell 60.
As shown in Fig. 2,3,4,5, rack 50 includes flange 52, the piston tube 51 being arranged in flange 52 and pedestal 53,
Wherein, 52 shape in disk form of flange, the side of the flange are additionally provided with concentric roundel 521, on flange 52
It is even to be provided with multiple connection through-holes.
Pedestal 53 is cylindrical in shape, and one end is connected with the side of flange 52, and the other end is free end, the center line and method of pedestal 53
The center line of orchid 52 overlaps, and is provided with multiple connecting screw holes on the free end of pedestal 53, and in embodiment, pedestal 53 is around flange
Four supporting legs of 52 center line.
Piston tube 51 be straight pipe, be arranged in flange 52 and with 52 coaxial line of flange, lateral ends opening be located at roundlet
The outside of disk 521, inner opposite end opening are located in pedestal 53, have cylinder-piston chamber in piston tube 51, are provided in plunger shaft
Multiple perpendicular to piston tube axis and to penetrate the through-hole 511 of piston tube wall, in embodiment, the section of through-hole 511 is arc groove,
Quantity is 3.
As a kind of deformation, as shown in fig. 6, having multiple through-hole 511A in rack 50A, the section of through-hole 511A is length
The length direction in hole, the slot hole is parallel to 51 axis of piston tube.
Linear motor 1 includes outer yoke 11, interior yoke 14 and mover, and outer yoke 11, interior yoke 14 are separately positioned on machine
There is gap, mover to be arranged in gap, mover includes permanent magnet 13 and permanent magnetism body support frame on frame and between outer yoke, interior yoke
15。
As shown in Figure 1, linear motor 1 includes mainly outer yoke 11, coil 12, permanent magnet 13, interior yoke 14, permanent magnet branch
Frame 15, mover include permanent magnet 13, permanent magnetism body support frame 15, connector 16, fixing nut 18, compression piston 19 and compression piston
Flat spring 17 (only takes the 1/3 of flat spring quality) when calculating mover quality, and permanent magnetism body support frame 15 is connected with permanent magnet 13, and with
Compression piston 19 and connector 16 are connected through a screw thread.Outer yoke 11 is soft magnetic materials with interior yoke 14, commonly uses electric work pure iron, silicon
The materials such as steel disc make, and permanent magnet 13 is permanent-magnet material, commonly uses Ru-Fe-Mn, alnico permanent magnetic material to make.Outer yoke 11, line
Circle 12, permanent magnet 13, interior yoke 14 are annular, and using coaxially arranged.Outer yoke 11, interior yoke 14 are separately positioned on machine
There is gap, mover to be arranged on frame 50 and between outer yoke, interior yoke in gap.
When coil is passed through direct current, outer yoke 11 and interior yoke 14 can form magnetic force loop line, in 11 He of outer yoke
Magnetic pole is generated on interior yoke 14.When being passed through alternating current in coil, permanent magnet 13 will be done back and forth by alternating electromagnetic force
Linear motion.When permanent magnet 13 does linear reciprocating motion, compression piston 19 can be driven to do linear reciprocating motion, compression piston plate
Spring 17 provides axial reciprocating elastic power and radial support.
Compression unit includes connector 16, compression piston flat spring 17, fixing nut 18, compression piston 19.Compression piston
Flat spring 17 is connected by fixing nut 18 with connector 16, and compression piston flat spring 17 is fixed with rack 50 by connector
Connection, compression piston 19 are arranged in plunger shaft, and one end is connected with mover and is connected with compression piston spring 17, and the other end is certainly
By holding.
Expanding machine unit include expansion piston 21, expansion piston flat spring 22, piston rod 23, level-one hot end heat exchanger 26,
Two level hot end heat exchanger 33, regenerator 25, pulse tube 31, cool end heat exchanger 24, cold finger shell 35,
Level-one hot end heat exchanger 26 is cylindrical, is sleeved on the outer wall of piston tube 51 and is arranged in the end face of roundel 521
On, level-one hot end heat exchanger 26 is separate structure with rack 50, and level-one hot end heat exchanger 26 and the outer wall interference of piston tube 51 are matched
It closes.
One end of pulse tube 31 is connected with 51 lateral ends of piston tube, and the other end is connected with cool end heat exchanger 24,
Regenerator 25 is in the cylindrical shape of ring-shaped section and ring-shaped, is arranged in the outside of pulse tube 31, one end and cool end heat exchanger 24
It is connected, the other end is connected with level-one hot end heat exchanger 26.
Two level hot end heat exchanger 33 is arranged in pulse tube 31, is located at the junction of pulse tube 31 and piston tube 51, two level
Hot end heat exchanger 33 is separate structure with rack 50, and two level hot end heat exchanger 33 and the inner wall of piston tube 51 are interference fitted.
Expansion piston 21 is arranged in piston tube 51, and expansion piston flat spring 22 is fixed by connector and rack 50 to be connected
Connect, one end of piston rod 23 is connected with expansion piston 21, the other end pass through compression piston 19, after compression piston flat spring 17 with it is swollen
Swollen piston flat spring 22 is connected,
Compression piston 19, expansion piston 21 and plunger shaft constitute compression chamber, compression piston 19, two level hot end heat exchanger 33
And plunger shaft constitutes expansion chamber, expansion chamber is coaxially arranged with compression chamber.
Cold finger shell 35 is arranged in the outside of level-one hot end heat exchanger 26, regenerator 25, cool end heat exchanger 24, and shell 60 is arranged
In rack 50 and the outside of expanding machine unit 30, shell 60, cold finger shell 35 and rack 50 are linked into an integrated entity by connector.
Undamped dynamic absorber unit 4 is connected with shell 60 and is arranged in the outside of shell 60, for being carried out to refrigeration machine
Damping.
The motion process and gas flow of expansion piston and compression piston：
Expansion piston flat spring 22 is fixed with piston rod 23, and expansion piston 21 is connected with piston rod 23.
Expansion piston 21 is pure pneumatic actuation, is generated using the displacement phase difference between expansion piston 21 and compression piston 19
Refrigeration effect, 70 °~100 ° of the displacement of the leading compression piston of the displacement of usual expansion piston 21 19, in low-temperature space (cold head temperature
At -153 DEG C or less) when, displacement phase difference can be decreased to 50~60 °.Since linear motor is simple alternating current electric excitation, so swollen
The movement of swollen piston 21 and compression piston 19 be also be in sinusoidal continuous movement, but in order to illustrate its operation principle, it is assumed that
Expansion piston 21 does the movement of intermittent touchdown formula with compression piston 19 according to circulation law.
Sound wave compression process：Expansion piston 21 rests on that top dead centre is motionless, and compression piston 19 is moved upwards by lower dead center, this
When main compression chamber 29 in sound wave compressed, and flow into the level-one hot end heat exchanger 26 on the outside of cylinder, compression process generated
Heat is released to level-one hot end heat exchanger 26, and heat is passed to the heat dissipation in outside by level-one hot end heat exchanger 26 by outer housing again
Device 27, is finally released to environment.Ideally think that cylinder and outer housing are complete heat conduction, while level-one hot end heat exchanger
26 is infinitely great with the heat exchange area of radiator 27, therefore the temperature of working medium remains unchanged.But in real process, isotherm compression is
It is impossible, and expansion piston 21 can not possibly intermittent movement, when compression piston 19 moves upwards, expansion piston 21 has been
Through starting to move downward.
Regenerator exothermic process：Compression piston 19 moves to motionless after top dead centre, and expansion piston 21 moves downward, at this time sound
Wave comes into full contact with heat exchange by the filler in regenerator 25, with regenerator 25, heat is discharged to regenerator 25, at this time backheat
The temperature of device 25 increases, acoustic wave temperature and pressure reduction.But in practical heat transfer process, 25 heat transfer process of regenerator is not fixed
Hold, it is also not possible to the complete heat exchange of 25 filler of real sound wave and regenerator.
Sound wave Laminar Flow process：Gas flows through after cool end heat exchanger 24 through air deflector 32, enters as a laminar flow
Gas in pulse tube 31 is pushed to expansion chamber 28 by pulse tube 31.After gas is squeezed, pressure and temperature rises.The heat of generation
It is radially transferred to level-one hot end heat exchanger 26 by two level hot end heat exchanger 33, be finally transmitted to radiator 27 and is released to ring
Border.Gas expansion for doing work in expansion chamber 28, auxiliary pushing expansion piston become smaller, rise to lower dead center, work(recycling compression chamber 34B
The effect of recycling sound work(is arrived.In practical work process, compression piston 19 can't rest on always top dead centre, but can be with
Expansion piston 21 moves downwardly together, but it need to be pointed out that the two is not movement in the same direction but the leading compression piston of expansion piston
Certain phase angle.
Sound wave process of refrigerastion：Expansion piston 21 moves up to top dead centre since lower dead center, and compression piston 19 moves to
Lower dead center, expansion piston 21 push back to the sound wave in expansion chamber 28 in pulse tube 31, gas swelling heat absorption in pulse tube, production
Raw refrigeration effect reaches lowest refrigerating temperature at 31 top of pulse tube at air deflector 32.The cold of generation is changed by cold end
Hot device 24 is exported to cold environment.Sound wave working medium returns in regenerator 25 along original route and comes into full contact with heat exchange with filler again, inhales
After receiving the heat in regenerator 25, returns to main compression chamber 29 and wait for next second compression.The temperature and pressure of the process sound wave
Rise, 25 temperature of regenerator declines.In real process, when compression piston 19 reaches lower dead center expansion piston 21 and not up on
Stop, but during returning to top dead centre, but its still advanced compression piston 19 on displacement wave phase.
The present embodiment is suitable for the cryogenic temperature of 220K (- 53 DEG C) or more, can provide the refrigerating capacity of 50W-200W.
Embodiment two
As shown in fig. 7, coaxial pulse-tube type free-piston Stirling cooler includes linear motor 1, compression unit, expanding machine
Unit, undamped dynamic absorber unit 4, rack 50B and shell 60.
As shown in Figure 8,9, 10, rack 50B includes flange 52B, expansion piston pipe 51B, compression piston pipe 54B and pedestal
53B,
Wherein, the one side of flange 52B shapes in disk form, flange 52B is provided with concentric disk 521B, another side
It is connected with pedestal 53B, multiple connection through-holes is evenly arranged on flange 52B.
Pedestal 53B is cylindrical in shape, one end be connected with flange 52B and with disk 521B coaxial lines, the other end is free end, pedestal
The center line of 53B is overlapped with the center line of flange 52B, and multiple connecting screw holes, embodiment are provided on the free end of pedestal 53B
In, pedestal 53B is four supporting legs of the center line around pedestal 53B.
Expansion piston pipe 51B is straight pipe, and one end is connected with disk 521B, and the other end is free end, for connecting refrigeration
The pulse tube of machine, expansion piston pipe 51B is interior to have cylindrical expansion plunger shaft 511B,
Compression piston pipe 54B is straight pipe, is arranged in pedestal 53B, and one end is connected and same with flange 52B with flange 52B
Axis, the other end are free end, have in compression piston pipe 54B compression cylinder plunger shaft 541B, compression piston chamber 541B with it is swollen
Swollen plunger shaft 511B coaxial lines and it is connected.
Compression piston chamber 541B axis are parallel to, multiple connection compression piston chamber 541B and outside are provided on disk 521B
Through-hole 522B, the quantity of through-hole 522B is between 3-9.In embodiment, the section of through-hole 522B is arc groove, quantity 4
It is a.
The internal diameter of compression piston chamber 541B is more than the internal diameter of expansion piston chamber 511B, the internal diameter and arteries and veins of expansion piston chamber 511B
The internal diameter of washing pipe is identical.
Linear motor 1 includes outer yoke 11, interior yoke 14 and mover, and outer yoke 11, interior yoke 14 are separately positioned on machine
There is gap, mover to be arranged in gap, mover includes permanent magnet 13 and permanent magnetism body support frame on frame and between outer yoke, interior yoke
15。
As shown in fig. 7, linear motor 1 includes mainly outer yoke 11, coil 12, permanent magnet 13, interior yoke 14, permanent magnet branch
Frame 15, mover include permanent magnet 13, permanent magnetism body support frame 15, connector 16, fixing nut 18, compression piston 19 and compression piston
Flat spring 17 (only takes the 1/3 of flat spring quality) when calculating mover quality, and permanent magnetism body support frame 15 is connected with permanent magnet 13, and with
Compression piston 19 and connector 16 are connected through a screw thread.Outer yoke 11 is soft magnetic materials with interior yoke 14, commonly uses electric work pure iron, silicon
The materials such as steel disc make, and permanent magnet 13 is permanent-magnet material, commonly uses Ru-Fe-Mn, alnico permanent magnetic material to make.Outer yoke 11, line
Circle 12, permanent magnet 13, interior yoke 14 are annular, and using coaxially arranged.Outer yoke 11, interior yoke 14 are separately positioned on machine
There is gap, mover to be arranged on frame 50B and between outer yoke, interior yoke in gap.
When coil is passed through direct current, outer yoke 11 and interior yoke 14 can form magnetic force loop line, in 11 He of outer yoke
Magnetic pole is generated on interior yoke 14.When being passed through alternating current in coil, permanent magnet 13 will be done back and forth by alternating electromagnetic force
Linear motion.When permanent magnet 13 does linear reciprocating motion, compression piston 19 can be driven to do linear reciprocating motion, compression piston plate
Spring 17 provides axial reciprocating elastic power and radial support.
Compression unit includes connector 16, compression piston flat spring 17, fixing nut 18, compression piston 19.Compression piston
Flat spring 17 is connected by fixing nut 18 with connector 16, and compression piston flat spring 17 and rack 50B is solid by connector
Fixed connection, compression piston 19 are arranged in compression piston chamber 541B, and one end is connected with mover and is connected with compression piston spring 17,
The other end is free end.
Expanding machine unit includes expansion piston 21B, expansion piston flat spring 22B, piston rod 23B, level-one hot end heat exchanger
26B, two level hot end heat exchanger 33B, regenerator 25B, pulse tube 31B, cool end heat exchanger 24B, cold finger shell 35B.
Level-one hot end heat exchanger 26B is cylindrical, is sleeved on the outer wall of expansion piston pipe 51B and is arranged in roundel 521B
End face on, level-one hot end heat exchanger 26B and rack 50B are separate structure, level-one hot end heat exchanger 26B and piston tube 51B's
Outer wall is interference fitted.
One end of pulse tube 31B is connected with one end of expansion piston pipe 51B, and the other end is connected with cool end heat exchanger 24B.
Regenerator 25B is in the cylindrical shape of ring-shaped section and ring-shaped, is arranged in the outside of pulse tube 31B, one end and cool end heat exchanger
24B is connected, and the other end is connected with level-one hot end heat exchanger 26B.Regenerator 25B uses polyester film, nylon and polytetrafluoro
Any one in vinyl material is made, and regenerator 25B is used and is made of polyester film in embodiment.
Two level hot end heat exchanger 33B is arranged in pulse tube 31B, is located at the connection of pulse tube 31B and expansion piston pipe 51B
Place, two level hot end heat exchanger 33B and rack 50B are separate structure, and two level hot end heat exchanger 33B is interior with expansion piston pipe 51B's
Wall is interference fitted.
Expansion piston 21B is arranged in expansion piston pipe 51B, and expansion piston flat spring 22B passes through connector and rack 50B
It is fixedly connected, one end of piston rod 23B is connected with expansion piston 21B, and the other end passes through compression piston 19, compression piston flat spring
It is connected with expansion piston flat spring 22B after 17,
Compression piston 19, expansion piston 21B, compression piston chamber 541B and expansion piston chamber 511B constitute compression chamber.
Expansion piston 21B, two level hot end heat exchanger 33B and expansion piston chamber 511B constitute expansion chamber.Expansion chamber and pressure
Contracting chamber is coaxially arranged.
Cold finger shell 35B is arranged in the outside of level-one hot end heat exchanger 26B, regenerator 25B, cool end heat exchanger 24B, shell 60
Outside in rack 50B and expanding machine unit is set, and shell 60, cold finger shell 35B and rack 50B connect into one by connector
Body.
Radiator 27 is located at the outside of level-one hot end heat exchanger 26B and is arranged on cold finger shell 35B, level-one hot end heat exchanger
Heat is passed to the radiator 27 in outside by 26B by cold finger shell 35B, is finally released to environment.
Undamped dynamic absorber unit 4 is connected with shell 60 and is arranged in the outside of shell 60, for being carried out to refrigeration machine
Damping.
Sound wave Laminar Flow process：Gas flows through after cool end heat exchanger 24B through air deflector 32B, as a laminar flow into
Enter pulse tube 31B, gas in pulse tube 31B is pushed to expansion chamber 28B.After gas is squeezed, pressure and temperature rises.It generates
Heat is radially transferred to level-one hot end heat exchanger 26B by two level hot end heat exchanger 33B, is finally transmitted to radiator 27 and releases
It puts to environment.Gas expansion for doing work in expansion chamber 28B, auxiliary pushing expansion piston recycle compression chamber 34B to lower dead center, work(
Become smaller, plays the role of recycling sound work(.In practical work process, compression piston 19 can't rest on always top dead centre,
But can downwardly together be moved with expansion piston 21B, but it need to be pointed out that the two is not movement in the same direction but expansion piston neck
The certain phase angle of first compression piston.
The present embodiment be suitable for 120K~220K (- 153 DEG C~-53 DEG C) cryogenic temperature section, can provide 20W~
The refrigerating capacity of 50W.
Embodiment three
The present embodiment other structures are identical as embodiment two, the difference is that further including being arranged in the one end pulse tube 31B and position
In the air deflector 32B in pulse tube 31B, air deflector 32B is connected with cool end heat exchanger 24B.
Example IV
The present embodiment other structures are identical as embodiment three, the difference is that between cool end heat exchanger 24B and regenerator 25B
It is additionally provided with the first filtering layer, the first filtering layer is in the tubular of ring-shaped section and ring-shaped, is made of stainless steel cloth, the string diameter of stainless steel wire
It it is 20-50 μm, in embodiment, the string diameter of stainless steel wire is 30 μm.Helium is small by pressure drop when the stainless steel wire layer, stainless steel wire
Layer has cold-storage ability strong, the strong feature of mobility.
Embodiment five
The present embodiment other structures are identical as example IV, unlike and hot end heat exchanger
26B and regenerator 25B is additionally provided with the second filtering layer, and the second filtering layer is in the tubular of ring-shaped section and ring-shaped, using degreasing sheep
Hair is made.The string diameter of wool is 10-30 μm, and in embodiment, the string diameter of wool is 20 μm.There is wool layer buffering to assemble, adjustment
The characteristics of fitted position.
As shown in figure 13, segmented regenerator is divided into three sections, from top to bottom respectively stainless steel cloth, polyester film with
And steeping wool, length ratio are 1:8:1, the voidage of stainless steel cloth, polyester film and steeping wool is respectively
70%, 50%, 70%.
Embodiment six
The present embodiment other structures are identical as embodiment two, the difference is that two level hot end heat exchanger 33B1 and rack 50B is
Integral structure.As shown in figure 11, in embodiment, two level hot end heat exchanger 33B1 is integrally made using aluminium with rack 50B
50B1。
The integral structure of two level hot end heat exchanger 33B1 and rack 50B effectively eliminate two level hot end heat exchanger 33B1 with
Thermal contact resistance between rack 50B, meanwhile, two level hot end heat exchanger 33B1 can also play the role of air deflector.
Embodiment seven
The present embodiment other structures are identical as embodiment six, the difference is that level-one hot end heat exchanger 26B2 and rack 50B is
Integral structure.As shown in figure 12, in embodiment, level-one hot end heat exchanger 26B2, two level hot end heat exchanger 33B1 and rack 50B
It is whole to be made 50B2 using aluminium.
The integral structure of level-one hot end heat exchanger 26B2, two level hot end heat exchanger 33B1 and rack 50B are effectively eliminated
Thermal contact resistance between level-one hot end heat exchanger 26B2, two level hot end heat exchanger 33B1 and rack 50B, meanwhile, two level hot junction
Heat exchanger 33B1 can also play the role of air deflector.
The effect of embodiment
The pulse type free-piston Stirling cooler of the present embodiment eliminate traditional free-piston Stirling cooler compared with
Long low-temperature expansion piston is replaced with shorter room-temperature zone work work recycling expansion piston.Free-piston Stirling cooler
Expansion cylinder becomes the pulse tube of vascular cold finger, and pulse tube cold end is disposed with the air deflector of laminarization, and hot junction is equipped with two level heat
Hold heat exchanger.The advantages of this change combines free-piston Stirling cooler and vascular refrigerator, by cancelling cold and hot
The expansion piston for holding high frequency motion eliminates pumping loss, shuttle loss and axial thermal conductivity damage that low-temperature expansion piston is brought
It loses.Shorter swell at room temperature piston is set by hot junction and solves the problems, such as the acoustic power recovery of vascular refrigerator, therefore, when returning completely
When receiving cold end sound work(, which is Carnot's cycle efficiency.Meanwhile cancelling
Low-temperature expansion piston reduces refrigeration machine manufacture difficulty, reduces overall mass.
The above embodiment is the preferred case of the present invention, is not intended to limit protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of pulse type free-piston Stirling cooler, which is characterized in that including：
Linear motor, compression unit, expanding machine unit and rack,
Wherein, the rack includes flange, expansion piston pipe, compression piston pipe and pedestal,
The one side of the flange shape in disk form, the flange is provided with concentric disk, and another side is connected with the pedestal,
The pedestal is cylindrical in shape, and one end is connected with flange, and the other end is free end, the center line of the pedestal and the flange
Center line overlaps,
The expansion piston pipe is straight pipe, and one end is connected with the disk, and the other end is free end, for connecting refrigeration machine
Pulse tube, the expansion piston pipe is interior to have cylindrical expansion plunger shaft,
The compression piston pipe is straight pipe, is arranged in the pedestal, and one end is connected with the flange, and the other end is freely
End, has compression cylinder plunger shaft in the compression piston pipe, the compression piston chamber and the expansion piston chamber coaxial line and
It is connected,
It is parallel to the compression piston cavity axis, multiple connection compression piston chambers are provided on the disk and are led to external
Hole,
The internal diameter of the compression piston chamber is more than the internal diameter of the expansion piston chamber, internal diameter and the arteries and veins of the expansion piston chamber
The internal diameter of washing pipe be it is identical,
The linear motor includes outer yoke, interior yoke and mover, and the outer yoke, the interior yoke are separately positioned on described
There is gap, the mover to be arranged in the gap in rack and between outer yoke, interior yoke,
There is the compression unit compression piston, compression piston spring, the compression piston spring to pass through connector and the machine
Frame is fixedly connected, and the compression piston is arranged in the compression piston pipe, one end be connected with the mover and with the compression
Piston spring is connected, and the other end is free end,
The expanding machine unit includes expansion piston, expansion piston spring, expansion piston bar, level-one hot end heat exchanger, two level heat
Heat exchanger, regenerator, pulse tube, cool end heat exchanger are held,
The level-one hot end heat exchanger is cylindrical, is sleeved on the outer wall of the expansion piston pipe and is arranged in the roundel
On end face,
One end of the pulse tube is connected with the expansion piston pipe, and the other end is connected with the cool end heat exchanger,
The regenerator is cylindrical, is arranged in the outside of the pulse tube, one end is connected with the cool end heat exchanger, the other end
It is connected with the level-one hot end heat exchanger,
Two level hot end heat exchanger is arranged in the pulse tube,
In the expansion piston pipe, the expansion piston spring is fixed by connector and the rack to be connected the expansion piston
It connects, one end of the expansion piston bar is connected with the expansion piston, and the other end passes through the compression piston, the compression piston
It is connected with the expansion piston spring after spring,
The compression piston, the expansion piston, the compression piston chamber and the expansion piston chamber constitute compression chamber,
The expansion piston, the two level hot end heat exchanger and the expansion piston chamber constitute expansion chamber, the expansion chamber with
The compression chamber is coaxially arranged.
2. pulse type free-piston Stirling cooler according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include：
It is arranged in described pulse tube one end and the air deflector in the pulse tube.
3. pulse type free-piston Stirling cooler according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include：
Shell in the Shelf External and the cold finger shell that is arranged outside the expanding machine unit are set.
4. pulse type free-piston Stirling cooler according to claim 3, which is characterized in that further include：
Positioned at the outside of the level-one hot end heat exchanger and the radiator that is arranged on the cold finger shell.
5. pulse type free-piston Stirling cooler according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Wherein, the regenerator is cylindrical in shape, and is made of polyester film.
6. pulse type free-piston Stirling cooler according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
It is additionally provided with the first filtering layer in the cool end heat exchanger and the regenerator, first filtering layer is cylindrical in shape, and use is stainless
Steel wire is made.
7. pulse type free-piston Stirling cooler according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
It is additionally provided with the second filtering layer in the level-one hot end heat exchanger and the cool end heat exchanger, second filtering layer is cylindrical in shape,
It is made of steeping wool.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810437019.0A CN108800642B (en) | 2018-05-09 | 2018-05-09 | Pulse tube type free piston Stirling refrigerator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810437019.0A CN108800642B (en) | 2018-05-09 | 2018-05-09 | Pulse tube type free piston Stirling refrigerator |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN108800642A true CN108800642A (en) | 2018-11-13 |
| CN108800642B CN108800642B (en) | 2019-12-31 |
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ID=64092120
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810437019.0A Active CN108800642B (en) | 2018-05-09 | 2018-05-09 | Pulse tube type free piston Stirling refrigerator |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109882310A (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2019-06-14 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | A kind of Stirling thermal engine operating |
| WO2022161412A1 (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2022-08-04 | 宁波芯斯特林低温设备有限公司 | Stirling refrigerator |
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| US5647217A (en) * | 1996-01-11 | 1997-07-15 | Stirling Technology Company | Stirling cycle cryogenic cooler |
| JP2003130480A (en) * | 2001-10-19 | 2003-05-08 | Global Cooling Bv | Casing of free-piston stirling device |
| CN101619687A (en) * | 2009-08-11 | 2010-01-06 | 深圳市中科力函热声技术工程研究中心有限公司 | Piston-free Stirling engine system |
| CN105066500A (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2015-11-18 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Thermally driven pulse tube refrigerator system |
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| CN1127876A (en) * | 1995-01-24 | 1996-07-31 | 中国科学院低温技术实验中心 | Reversible vessel refrigerator driven by conventional gas refrigerator |
| US5647217A (en) * | 1996-01-11 | 1997-07-15 | Stirling Technology Company | Stirling cycle cryogenic cooler |
| JP2003130480A (en) * | 2001-10-19 | 2003-05-08 | Global Cooling Bv | Casing of free-piston stirling device |
| CN101619687A (en) * | 2009-08-11 | 2010-01-06 | 深圳市中科力函热声技术工程研究中心有限公司 | Piston-free Stirling engine system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109882310A (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2019-06-14 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | A kind of Stirling thermal engine operating |
| WO2022161412A1 (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2022-08-04 | 宁波芯斯特林低温设备有限公司 | Stirling refrigerator |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN108800642B (en) | 2019-12-31 |
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