CN103267383B - Free-piston pulse tube refrigerator using all-carbon aerogel regenerative filler - Google Patents
Free-piston pulse tube refrigerator using all-carbon aerogel regenerative filler Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a free-piston pulse tube refrigerator using all-carbon aerogel regenerative filler. The free-piston pulse tube refrigerator comprises a plurality of pulse tube refrigerator units coupled through a thermal bridge. At least one of the pulse tube refrigerator tubes comprises a compressor, a regenerator, a cold-end heat exchanger, a pulse tube and a pulse tube hot-end heat exchanger, wherein the parts are connected in sequence, a free piston system comprising a spring and a free piston is disposed in the pulse tube, the free piston is connected with the pulse tube hot-end heat exchanger through the spring, and the free piston is made of an aerogel column which is in hermetic fit with the pulse tube. The low temperature end of the regenerator of the lowermost-temperature pulse tube refrigerator unit among the pulse tube refrigerator units is filled with an all-carbon aerogel layer. The all-carbon aerogel layers more than 95% in porosity and high in adsorptive capacity are filled in the regenerators of the pulse tube refrigerator, the free pistons of the pule tube refrigerator are made of aerogel material, and accordingly efficient cryogenic refrigeration is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of regenerating type low-temperature refrigerator, especially relate to a kind of free-piston type vascular refrigerator adopting full carbon aerogels regeneration filler.
Background technology
Liquid helium region has indispensable important function in fields such as national defense and military, energy medical treatment, Aero-Space, low-temperature physics.Since Dutch physicist Kamerlingh.Onnes realized the liquefaction of helium first in 1908, liquid helium region (4K) is the Focal point and difficult point of cryogenic engineering area research always.Meanwhile, particularly since the eighties in 20th century, the mankind have had higher technology and performance requirement to profound hypothermia Refrigeration Technique, and to efficiency, reliability, the volume and weight of Cryo Refrigerator, and vibration etc. proposes more and more harsher requirement.
Vascular refrigerator is proposed in 1964 by Gifford and Longsworth, moving component is there is not in it at cold junction, have high reliability and long-life potential advantages, through the development of nearly half a century, vascular refrigerator has been widely used in the field such as Aero-Space, low-temperature superconducting at present.According to the difference of drive source, vascular refrigerator is mainly divided into low frequency vascular refrigerator (also claiming G-M vascular refrigerator) and high-frequency vascular refrigerator (also claiming Stirling vascular refrigerator); Low frequency vascular refrigerator is by the driven compressor of G-M refrigeration machine, and its operating frequency is generally 1 ~ 2Hz, and high-frequency vascular refrigerator is driven by Linearkompressor, and its operating frequency is generally at more than 30Hz.
The minimum temperature that current low frequency vascular refrigerator can obtain is 1.3K, has realized the commercial applications of liquid helium and above warm area, but its efficiency at liquid helium region very low (needing the electric work of input 6 ~ 10kW in the refrigerating capacity of 4.2K acquisition 1W); And compared with low frequency vascular refrigerator, high-frequency vascular refrigerator has a series of advantages such as compact conformation, efficiency is high, lightweight, and it is at the technology relative maturity of 35K and above warm area, be widely used in the Aero-Space task of above-mentioned warm area at present, but high-frequency vascular refrigerator is still extremely low in the efficiency of profound hypothermia (<10K).The main cause of profound hypothermia warm area vascular refrigerator inefficiency is caused to be:
(1) volumetric specific heat capacity of helium sharply increases at below 15K warm area, and conventional regeneration filler is (as lead shot, the materials such as stainless steel) specific heat capacity then significantly decline, although magnetic regeneration filler (Er3Ni, GOS etc.) there is higher volumetric specific heat capacity peak value, but this peak value also only exists in its phase transition temperature region, thus cause the efficiency of deep hypothermia regenerator sharply to reduce (as shown in Figure 4), and then cause liquid helium temperature pulse tube refrigeration engine efficiency extremely low, so the regeneration filler that searching (<10K) under profound hypothermia has high specific heat capacity is the key solving current liquid helium region vascular refrigerator inefficiency.
(2) vascular refrigerator causes the intrinsic conversion efficiency of vascular refrigerator lower than Carnot efficiency owing to adopting passive type phase modulation apparatus (as inertia tube/air reservoir, little ports valve etc.) cannot reclaim the expansion work of working medium in vascular, so recovery sound merit becomes another key improving pulse tube refrigeration engine efficiency.
The regenerator of pulse tube refrigeration agent generally adopts stainless (steel) wire or lead shot as regeneration filler, application number be CN200910100286.X patent document discloses a kind of high-frequency heat regenerator and the refrigeration machine thereof that adopt stainless steel fibre regenerative material, the high-frequency heat regenerator of stainless steel fibre regenerative material is adopted to be in stainless steel tube, be filled with the stainless steel fibre formation high-frequency heat regenerator that string diameter is 2mm-15mm, being 150HZ-1000HZ in the operating frequency of 300-80K warm area, is 100HZ-1000HZ in the operating frequency of 80K-35K warm area.This novel high-frequency heat regenerator not only can be applied to 80K warm area single-stage pulse tube refrigerator, also can be applied in the coupling of 35K warm area Multi-stage heat or gas coupling vascular refrigerator.Stainless steel fibre has the string diameter less than traditional stainless steel cloth, can form less fluid passage, and regenerator can be made at 300K-80K warm area, under the high frequency operating mode of 150-1000HZ, or at 80K-35K warm area, under the high frequency operating mode of 100-1000HZ, efficiently work.But as mentioned above, under profound hypothermia, the specific heat capacity of (<10K) this regenerative material then can significantly decline, then greatly have impact on the refrigerating efficiency of regenerator and vascular refrigerator.
The material of aeroge to be a kind of appearance with loose structure be solid shape, density is minimum, 95% and above porosity can be obtained, there is stronger adsorption capacity, the density of full carbon aerogels the lightest on our times is only 0.16 milli gram/cc, has extraordinary mechanical property simultaneously, can restore to the original state when volume is compressed to 20%, and there is good heat-proof quality, the preparation of aeroge and application become current study hotspot.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of free-piston type vascular refrigerator adopting full carbon aerogels regeneration filler, more than 95% can be reached by being filled with porosity in the regenerator of vascular refrigerator, the full carbon aerogels layer of high adsorption capacity and utilize aerogel material to make the free-piston of vascular refrigerator, to reach the effect that refrigerating efficiency is high under profound hypothermia.
A kind of free-piston type vascular refrigerator adopting full carbon aerogels regeneration filler, comprise the multiple vascular refrigerator unit be coupled by heat bridge, at least one in multiple vascular refrigerator unit comprises the compression set, regenerator, cool end heat exchanger, vascular and the vascular hot-side heat exchanger that connect successively, vascular is built-in with a free-piston system, this free-piston system comprises spring and free-piston, and free-piston is connected with vascular hot-side heat exchanger by spring; Described free-piston is made up of aeroge post, and this aeroge post and vascular space are sealed and matched; The low-temperature end of the regenerator of the minimum temperature level vascular refrigerator unit in multiple vascular refrigerator unit is filled with full carbon aerogels layer, and wherein, the low-temperature end of described regenerator refers to the part of regenerator in 10K and below 10K operation temperature area.
Described free-piston and spring can adopt dismountable mechanical connection or utilize chemical glue to be connected.
The length of described aeroge post is the 1/3-1/2 of vessel length.
Described aeroge post is cylindric.
When adopting the free-piston type vascular refrigerator of full carbon aerogels regeneration filler to comprise multiple vascular refrigerator unit, vascular refrigerator unit is arranged from high to low successively by cryogenic temperature.
Working fluid in the free-piston type vascular refrigerator of the full carbon aerogels regeneration filler of described employing is helium.
As a kind of technical scheme, a kind of free-piston type vascular refrigerator adopting full carbon aerogels regeneration filler, described vascular refrigerator unit is two, be divided into first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit and second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit, first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit and the interior compression set adopted of second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit are low-frequency compression unit; The regenerator of described second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit comprises second level precooling zone regenerator, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger and second level low-temperature zone regenerator;
Thermal coupling is carried out by the heat bridge be connected between the first order cool end heat exchanger of first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit and second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger between described first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit and second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit;
Described second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit comprises the second level low-frequency compression unit, second level precooling zone regenerator, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger, second level low-temperature zone regenerator, second level cool end heat exchanger, second level vascular and the second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger that connect successively, described second level vascular is built-in with second level free-piston system, second level free-piston system is made up of second level free-piston and second level spring, and second level free-piston is connected with second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger by second level spring;
The low-temperature end of described second level low-temperature zone regenerator is filled with full carbon aerogels layer; Described second level free-piston is made up of the second level aeroge post coordinated with second level vascular space.
Described first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit comprises the first order low-frequency compression unit, first order regenerator, first order cool end heat exchanger, first order vascular, first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger and the first order phase modulating mechanism that connect successively.
Described first order phase modulating mechanism comprises: first order air reservoir, by being communicated with of pipeline and described first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger; The little ports valve of the first order, is located on the pipeline between described first order air reservoir and described first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger; First order bidirection air intake valve, one end and the pipeline connection between described first order low-frequency compression unit and first order regenerator, the other end and the pipeline connection between the little ports valve of the first order and described first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger.
First order phase modulating mechanism also can adopt other to have the phase modulating mechanism of identical phase modulation function, for the adjustment of the mass flow in corresponding regenerator and pressure wave phase, ensures the stable and high effective operation of system.
Described low-frequency compression unit consist of prior art, generally comprise compressor, level aftercooler, compressor low-pressure control valve and compressor high pressure control valve etc.
Described full carbon aerogels layer is positioned at the low-temperature end of described second level low-temperature zone regenerator, the height of full carbon aerogels layer, need to determine according to the temperature in low-temperature zone regenerator real work district, the second level, full carbon aerogels layer needs to be in the part that regenerator operation temperature area is 10K and below 10K.During actual filling, need first to determine according to analog computation, determine the Temperature Distribution of this regenerator axis according to analog computation, then fill the full carbon aerogels layer of certain altitude according to Temperature Distribution.
Direct current effect can be produced due to bidirection air intake thus cause vascular refrigerator cold junction temperature to fluctuate and performance degradation, the phase modulation apparatus of little ports valve/air reservoir occupies larger space simultaneously, and the passive type pm mode that above-mentioned first order precooling level vascular refrigerator adopts cannot provide optimum phase angle, so the efficiency of first order precooling level vascular refrigerator is restricted for regenerator.
As a kind of technical scheme, a kind of free-piston type vascular refrigerator adopting full carbon aerogels regeneration filler, described vascular refrigerator unit is two, be divided into first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit and second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit, first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit and the interior compression set adopted of second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit are low-frequency compression unit; The regenerator of described second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit comprises second level precooling zone regenerator, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger and second level low-temperature zone regenerator;
Thermal coupling is carried out by the heat bridge be connected between the first order cool end heat exchanger of first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit and second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger between described first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit and second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit;
Described first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit comprises the first order low-frequency compression unit, first order regenerator, first order cool end heat exchanger, first order vascular, the first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger that connect successively; Described first order vascular is built-in with first order free-piston system, and first order free-piston system is made up of first order free-piston and first order spring, and first order free-piston is connected with first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger by first order spring;
Described second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit comprises the second level low-frequency compression unit, second level precooling zone regenerator, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger, second level low-temperature zone regenerator, second level cool end heat exchanger, second level vascular and the second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger that connect successively; Described second level vascular is built-in with second level free-piston system, and second level free-piston system is made up of second level free-piston and second level spring, and second level free-piston is connected with second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger by second level spring;
The low-temperature end of described second level low-temperature zone regenerator is filled with full carbon aerogels layer; Described first order free-piston is made up of the first order aeroge post coordinated with first order vascular space, and described second level free-piston is made up of the second level aeroge post coordinated with second level vascular space.
Low-frequency compression unit consist of prior art, generally comprise compressor, level aftercooler, low-pressure control valve and high pressure control valve etc.
Described full carbon aerogels layer is positioned at the low-temperature end of described second level low-temperature zone regenerator, the height of full carbon aerogels layer, need to determine according to the temperature in regenerator real work district, it is the part of 10K and below 10K that full carbon aerogels layer needs to be in low-temperature zone regenerator operation temperature area, the second level.During actual filling, need first to determine according to analog computation, determine the Temperature Distribution of this regenerator axis according to analog computation, then fill the full carbon aerogels layer of certain altitude according to Temperature Distribution.
When adopting low-frequency compression unit, the general operation temperature area adopting two-layer configuration can reach 10K and below 10K.When adopting high-frequency compression unit, such as, when adopting Linearkompressor, under present condition, two-layer configuration is difficult to the operation temperature area reaching 10K and below 10K, so in order to ensure the more effective work of regenerator of the present invention, below adopt tertiary structure.
As a kind of technical scheme, a kind of free-piston type vascular refrigerator adopting full carbon aerogels regeneration filler, described vascular refrigerator unit is three, is divided into first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit, second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit and third level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit; The compression set adopted in described first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit, second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit and third level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit is Linearkompressor; The regenerator of described second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit comprises second level precooling zone regenerator, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger, second level low-temperature zone regenerator; The regenerator of described third level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit comprises the third level first precooling zone regenerator, the third level first precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger, the third level second precooling zone regenerator, the third level second precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger, third level low-temperature zone regenerator;
Described first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit comprises the first order Linearkompressor, first order regenerator, first order cool end heat exchanger, first order vascular and the first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger that connect successively, first order vascular is built-in with first order free-piston system, first order free-piston system is made up of first order free-piston and first order spring, and first order free-piston is connected with first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger by first order spring;
Described second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit comprises the second level Linearkompressor, second level precooling zone regenerator, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger, second level low-temperature zone regenerator, second level cool end heat exchanger, second level vascular and the second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger that connect successively, second level vascular is built-in with second level free-piston system, second level free-piston system is made up of second level free-piston and second level spring, and second level free-piston cloth is connected with second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger by second level spring;
Described third level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit comprises the third level Linearkompressor connected successively, the third level first precooling zone regenerator, the third level first precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger, the third level second precooling zone regenerator, the third level second precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger, third level low-temperature zone regenerator, third level cool end heat exchanger, third level vascular and third level vascular hot-side heat exchanger, wherein, third level vascular is built-in with third level free-piston system, third level free-piston system is made up of third level free-piston and third level spring, third level free-piston is connected with third level vascular hot-side heat exchanger by third level spring,
Described first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit, second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit and third level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit are by being connected to the first order cool end heat exchanger of first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit, first order heat bridge between second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger and the third level first precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger carries out a thermal coupling, second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit and third level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit carry out second heat coupling by the second level heat bridge of the second level cool end heat exchanger being connected to the third level second precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger and second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit,
The low-temperature end of described third level low-temperature zone regenerator is filled with full carbon aerogels layer, described first order free-piston is made up of the first order aeroge post coordinated with first order vascular space, described second level free-piston is made up of the second level aeroge post coordinated with second level vascular space, and described third level free-piston is made up of the third level aeroge post coordinated with third level vascular space.
For ease of processing and installation, other phase modulating mechanism can be adopted as required to replace described first order free-piston system, second level free-piston system.Wherein, the height of full carbon aerogels layer, need to determine according to the temperature in third level low-temperature zone regenerator real work district, it is the part of 10K and below 10K that full carbon aerogels layer needs to be in this regenerator operation temperature area.During actual filling, need first to determine according to analog computation, determine the Temperature Distribution of this regenerator axis according to analog computation, then fill the full carbon aerogels layer of certain altitude according to Temperature Distribution.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in:
(1) the free-piston type vascular refrigerator of the full carbon aerogels regeneration filler of employing of the present invention, first, the full carbon aerogels layer with high porosity and surface area/volume ratio is filled by the low-temperature end (less than or equal to 10K) at regenerator, utilize the adsorption capacity that full carbon aerogels is stronger at low temperatures and elevated pressures, because helium is higher at the volumetric specific heat capacity of liquid helium region, so the full carbon aerogels (4-10K) in wider temperature range having adsorbed helium also has higher volumetric specific heat capacity, there is good stability simultaneously, it is a kind of very excellent profound hypothermia warm area regeneration filler, compared with using the regenerator of traditional regeneration filler (as terres rares magnetic regenerative material etc.), adopt full carbon aerogels can obtain as the regenerator of regeneration filler and there is higher efficiency, thus improve the performance of vascular refrigerator under dark low Warm.
(2) the present invention is by arranging that in the vascular of vascular refrigerator the free-piston be made up of aeroge post replaces the gas piston in vascular refrigerator, realize the recovery of expansion work in vascular, and then realize the raising of vascular refrigerator intrinsic refrigeration performance, compared with current passive phase-regulating vascular refrigerator, the free-piston type vascular refrigerator of employing aeroge can reclaim the expansion work in vascular, simultaneously compact conformation; Compared with adopting the vascular refrigerator of hot junction decompressor or spring oscillator, this kind of vascular refrigerator structure is simple, simultaneously because aeroge has good heat-insulating property, effectively can reduce shuttle back and forth loss and the gas conductive heat loss in vascular, thus improve the efficiency of vascular refrigerator further.
The present invention, on the basis of comprehensive above-mentioned two major advantages, can make vascular refrigerator efficiently work under profound hypothermia.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of embodiment of the free-piston type vascular refrigerator of employing of the present invention full carbon aerogels regeneration filler.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the another kind of embodiment of the free-piston type vascular refrigerator of employing of the present invention full carbon aerogels regeneration filler.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of another embodiment of the free-piston type vascular refrigerator of the full carbon aerogels regeneration filler of employing of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the relation between the volumetric specific heat capacity of many kinds of substance and temperature.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail, it should be understood that following only illustratively property, do not limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
With reference to Fig. 1, a kind of free-piston type vascular refrigerator adopting full carbon aerogels regeneration filler, comprise by two vascular refrigerator unit of heat bridge TB thermal coupling, be respectively first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit and second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit: first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit is by first order compressor C1, first order level aftercooler AC1, first order compressor low-pressure control valve LV1, first order compressor high pressure control valve HV1, first order regenerator RG1, first order cool end heat exchanger HX2, first order vascular PT1, first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3 and first order phase modulating mechanism composition, first order phase modulating mechanism comprises first order bidirection air intake valve DO1, the little ports valve O1 of the first order, first order air reservoir R1, second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit is made up of high stage compressor C2, second level level aftercooler AC2, high stage compressor low-pressure control valve LV2, high stage compressor high pressure control valve HV2, second level precooling zone regenerator RG21, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX5, second level low-temperature zone regenerator RG22, second level cool end heat exchanger HX6, second level vascular PT2, second level free-piston FP2, second level spring S2 and second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX7.
Wherein, full carbon aerogels layer RG23 is filled with in the low-temperature end of second level low-temperature zone regenerator RG22, the height of full carbon aerogels layer RG23 needs to determine according to realistic simulation experiment, full carbon aerogels layer RG23 be in the low-temperature zone regenerator RG22 of the second level operation temperature area in the part of 10K and below 10K.Concrete assembly method is: the full carbon aerogels material of uniform filling certain altitude in the stainless steel tube of second level low-temperature zone regenerator RG22, and the hard silk screen of two ends densification seals and forms second level low-temperature zone regenerator RG22.
Second level free-piston FP2 to be arranged in the vascular PT2 of the second level and with second level vascular PT2 matched in clearance, be connected with second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX7 by second level spring S2, second level free-piston FP2 is made up of second level aeroge post, second level aeroge post is cylindric, diameter is slightly less than the internal diameter of second level vascular PT2, and length is the 1/3-1/2 of second level vascular PT2 length.
The annexation of above-mentioned each parts is as follows: first order compressor C1, first order level aftercooler AC1, first order compressor high pressure control valve HV1 and first order compressor low-pressure control valve LV1 contact successively and form the closed circuit of first order low-frequency compression unit; The entrance of first order regenerator RG1 and the pipeline connection between first order compressor high pressure control valve HV1 and first order compressor low-pressure control valve LV1; The outlet of first order regenerator RG1 is successively by pipeline and first order cool end heat exchanger HX2, first order vascular PT1, first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3, the little ports valve O1 of the first order and first order air reservoir R1 inlet communication; First order bidirection air intake valve DO1 one end and the pipeline connection between first order regenerator RG1 and first order low-frequency compression unit, the pipeline connection between the first order bidirection air intake valve DO1 other end and the little ports valve O1 of the first order and first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3.High stage compressor C2, second level level aftercooler AC2, high stage compressor high pressure control valve HV2 and high stage compressor low-pressure control valve LV2 are communicated with formation second level low-frequency compression unit successively; Second level precooling zone regenerator RG21 is connected with second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX5, second level low-temperature zone regenerator RG22, second level cool end heat exchanger HX6, second level vascular PT2 and second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX7 successively by pipeline, second level free-piston FP2 is arranged in the vascular PT2 of the second level, is connected with second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX7 by second level spring S2; Between first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit and second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit by being connected to first order cool end heat exchanger HX2, the heat bridge TB of second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX5 carries out thermal coupling, realizes the precooling of first order cool end heat exchanger HX2 to second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX5.
The running of the free-piston type vascular refrigerator of the full carbon aerogels regeneration filler of employing of present embodiment is:
Starting stage, first order compressor low pressure modulating valve LV1, first order compressor septum valve HV1 is all in closed condition, gas becomes high temperature and high pressure gas after first order compressor C1 compresses, high temperature and high pressure gas is cooled to room temperature after flowing through first order level aftercooler AC1, when gas pressure is higher than setting value, first order compressor septum valve HV1 opens, high pressure room temperature air flows out from first order compressor high pressure valve HV1 and is divided into two strands, one is by first order regenerator RG1 and carry out heat-exchange temperature with filler wherein and reduce and enter in follow-up associated components, another strand enters in follow-up associated components by first order bidirection air intake valve DO1, whole system is made all to be in high pressure conditions, then first order compressor septum valve HV1 closes, first order compressor low pressure modulating valve LV1 opens, gas is divided into two strands from first order air reservoir R1 through the little ports valve O1 of the first order, one gets back to first order compressor C1 from first order bidirection air intake valve DO1 by first order compressor low pressure modulating valve LV1, another stock-traders' know-how crosses first order vascular PT1, first order regenerator RG1 gets back to first order compressor C1 eventually through first order compressor low pressure modulating valve LV1, complete a circulation thus, in cyclic process, there is the temperature difference in the gas of turnover first order cool end heat exchanger HX2, produce refrigeration effect thus, first order cold takes out the gas entering second level low-temperature zone regenerator in order to precooling by heat bridge TB from first order cool end heat exchanger HX2.
Starting stage, high stage compressor low pressure modulating valve LV2, high stage compressor septum valve HV2 is all in closed condition, gas becomes high temperature and high pressure gas after high stage compressor C2 compresses, high temperature and high pressure gas is cooled to room temperature after flowing through second level level aftercooler AC2, when gas pressure is higher than setting value, high stage compressor septum valve HV2 opens, high pressure room temperature air enters second level precooling zone regenerator RG21 from high stage compressor high pressure valve HV2 and is cooled to first order cryogenic temperature at its cold junction by the second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX5 be connected with heat bridge TB, then enter in follow-up associated components, gases at high pressure in the vascular PT2 of the second level compress second level free-piston FP2 and are stored in the free-piston FP2 of the second level by the work done during compression of gas, whole system is made all to be in high pressure conditions, then high stage compressor septum valve HV2 closes, high stage compressor low pressure modulating valve LV2 opens, gas from vascular hot junction, second level regenerator HX7 through second level vascular PT2, second level free-piston FP2, second level low-temperature zone regenerator RG22, second level precooling zone regenerator RG21 gets back to high stage compressor C2 eventually through high stage compressor low pressure modulating valve LV2, the work done during compression stored in high pressure phase within it discharges in periods of low pressure by second level free-piston FP2, complete a circulation thus, in cyclic process, there is the temperature difference in the gas of turnover second level cool end heat exchanger HX6, produce refrigeration effect thus.
Embodiment 2
With reference to Fig. 2, a kind of free-piston type vascular refrigerator adopting full carbon aerogels regeneration filler, shown in its structure to embodiment 1, free-piston type vascular refrigerator is similar, be with the difference of embodiment 1 to arrange first order free-piston FP1 in the first order vascular PT1 in first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit, first order free-piston FP1 is connected with the first vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX7 by first order spring S1, first order free-piston FP1 be made up of first order aeroge post and with first order vascular PT1 matched in clearance, first order aeroge post is cylindric, length is the 1/3-1/2 of first order vascular PT1.Omit the first order phase modulating mechanism in first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit simultaneously.
Concrete annexation is as follows: first order compressor C1, first order level aftercooler AC1, first order compressor high pressure control valve HV1 and first order compressor low-pressure control valve LV1 contact successively and form the closed circuit of first order low-frequency compression unit; The entrance of first order regenerator RG1 and the pipeline connection between first order compressor high pressure control valve HV1 and first order compressor low-pressure control valve LV1; The outlet of first order regenerator RG1 is connected with first order cool end heat exchanger HX2, first order vascular PT1, first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3 by pipeline successively, be furnished with first order free-piston FP1 in first order vascular PT1, it is connected with first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3 by first order spring S1; High stage compressor C2, second level level aftercooler AC2, high stage compressor high pressure control valve HV2 and high stage compressor low-pressure control valve LV2 are communicated with formation second level low-frequency compression unit successively; Second level precooling zone regenerator RG21 is connected with second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX5, second level low-temperature zone regenerator RG22, second level cool end heat exchanger HX6, second level vascular PT2 and second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX7 successively by pipeline, second level free-piston FP2 is arranged in the vascular PT2 of the second level, is connected with second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX7 by second level spring S2; Between first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit and second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit by being connected to first order cool end heat exchanger HX2, the heat bridge TB of second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX5 carries out thermal coupling, realizes the precooling of first order cool end heat exchanger HX2 to second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX5.
Owing to have employed the first order free-piston FP1 that can reclaim sound merit in first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit, the raising of first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit performance can be realized, and then provide more excellent pre-cold and precooling temperature for the efficient work of second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit, finally realize the efficient work of complete machine.
Embodiment 3
With reference to Fig. 3, adopt a free-piston type vascular refrigerator for full carbon aerogels regeneration filler, comprise by the first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit of first order heat bridge TB1 and second level heat bridge TB2 thermal coupling, second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit and third level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit, first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit is made up of first order Linearkompressor C ' 1, first order regenerator hot end heat exchanger HX1, first order regenerator RG1, first order cool end heat exchanger HX2, first order vascular PT1, first order free-piston FP1, first order spring S1 and first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3, second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit is made up of second level Linearkompressor C ' 2, second level regenerator hot end heat exchanger HX4, second level precooling zone regenerator RG21, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX5, second level low-temperature zone regenerator RG22, second level cool end heat exchanger HX6, second level vascular PT2, second level free-piston FP2, second level spring S2 and second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX7, third level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit is by third level Linearkompressor C ' 3, third level regenerator hot end heat exchanger HX8, the third level first precooling zone regenerator RG31, the third level first precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX9, the third level second precooling zone regenerator RG32, the third level second precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX10, third level low-temperature zone regenerator RG33, third level cool end heat exchanger HX11, third level vascular PT3, third level free-piston FP3, third level spring S3 and third level vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX12 forms.The low-temperature end of third level low-temperature zone regenerator RG33, namely operation temperature area has been partially filled full carbon aerogels layer at 10K and below 10K, and the requirement of full carbon aerogels layer and specification are with embodiment 1.
The annexation of above-mentioned each parts is as follows: first order Linearkompressor C ' 1 by pipeline successively with first order regenerator hot end heat exchanger HX1, first order regenerator RG1, first order cool end heat exchanger HX2, first order vascular PT1, first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3 is communicated with, first order free-piston FP1 to be arranged in first order vascular PT1 and with first order vascular PT1 matched in clearance, it is connected with first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3 by first order spring S1, first order free-piston FP1 is made up of first order aeroge post, first order aeroge post is cylindric, diameter is slightly less than the internal diameter of first order vascular PT1, length is about the 1/3-1/2 of first order vascular PT1 length, second level Linearkompressor C ' 2 by pipeline successively with second level regenerator hot end heat exchanger HX4, second level precooling zone regenerator RG21, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX5, second level low-temperature zone regenerator RG22, second level cool end heat exchanger HX6, second level vascular PT2 and second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX7 is communicated with, second level free-piston FP2 to be arranged in the vascular PT2 of the second level and with second level vascular PT2 matched in clearance, it is connected with second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX7 by second level spring S2, second level free-piston FP2 is made up of second level aeroge post, second level aeroge post is cylindric, diameter is slightly less than the internal diameter of second level vascular PT2, length is about the 1/3-1/2 of second level vascular PT2 length, third level Linearkompressor C ' 3 by pipeline successively with third level regenerator hot end heat exchanger HX8, the third level first precooling zone regenerator RG31, the third level first precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX9, the third level second precooling zone regenerator RG32, the third level second precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX10, third level low-temperature zone regenerator RG33, third level cool end heat exchanger HX11, third level vascular PT3 and third level vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX12 is communicated with, third level free-piston FP3 to be arranged in third level vascular PT3 and with third level vascular PT3 matched in clearance, it is connected with third level vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX12 by third level spring S3, third level free-piston FP3 is made up of third level aeroge post, third level aeroge post is cylindric, diameter is slightly less than the internal diameter of third level vascular PT2, length is about the 1/3-1/2 of third level vascular PT2 length.First order cool end heat exchanger HX2, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX5 and the third level first precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX9 respectively first order heat bridge TB1 connect, and the third level second precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX10 is connected with second level heat bridge TB2 respectively with the second level cool end heat exchanger HX6 of second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit.
The course of work of the free-piston type vascular refrigerator of the full carbon aerogels regeneration filler of this embodiment is:
At high pressure phase, room temperature is cooled to after the high temperature and high pressure gas of first order Linearkompressor C ' 1 compression flows through first order regenerator hot end heat exchanger HX1, then heat exchange is carried out with the regeneration filler in first order regenerator RG1, temperature reduces, then flow through first order cool end heat exchanger HX2, first order vascular PT1, first order free-piston FP1 and first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3 successively, the work done during compression of gas is stored within it by deformation at high pressure phase by first order free-piston FP1, then low pressure cycle is entered, gas flows through first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3 successively, first order free-piston FP1, first order vascular PT1, first order cool end heat exchanger HX2, first order regenerator RG1 gets back in first order Linearkompressor C ' 1 and completes a circulation, the work done during compression stored in high pressure phase is within it discharged the recovery realizing sound merit in periods of low pressure by first order free-piston FP1, there is the temperature difference in the gas passing in and out first order cool end heat exchanger HX2 in cyclic process, thus produce refrigeration effect at first order cool end heat exchanger HX2 place, the refrigerating capacity at this place by the second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX5 that is connected with first order heat bridge TB1 respectively and third level first precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX9 for second level vascular refrigerator and third level vascular refrigerator provide precooling.
At high pressure phase, room temperature is cooled to after the high temperature and high pressure gas of second level Linearkompressor C ' 2 compression flows through second level regenerator hot end heat exchanger HX4, then heat exchange is carried out with the regeneration filler in the precooling zone regenerator RG21 of the second level, temperature reduces, then the cold junction temperature of first order vascular refrigerator is cooled at precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX5 place, the second level, then cryogenic gas flows through second level low-temperature zone regenerator RG22 successively, second level cool end heat exchanger HX6, second level vascular PT2, second level free-piston FP2 enters second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX7, the work done during compression of gas is stored within it by deformation at high pressure phase by second level free-piston FP2, then low pressure cycle is entered, gas from second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX7 successively through second level free-piston FP2, second level vascular PT2, second level cool end heat exchanger HX6, second level low-temperature zone regenerator RG22, second level precooling zone regenerator RG21 gets back in second level Linearkompressor C ' 2 and completes a circulation, the work done during compression stored in high pressure phase is within it discharged the recovery realizing sound merit in periods of low pressure by second level free-piston FP2, there is the temperature difference in the gas passing in and out second level cool end heat exchanger HX6 in cyclic process, thus produce refrigeration effect at cool end heat exchanger HX6 place, the second level, the refrigerating capacity at this place by the third level second precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX10 that is connected with second level heat bridge TB2 for third level vascular refrigerator provides precooling.
At high pressure phase, room temperature is cooled to after the high temperature and high pressure gas of third level Linearkompressor C ' 3 compression flows through third level regenerator hot end heat exchanger HX8, then heat exchange is carried out with the regeneration filler in the third level first precooling zone regenerator RG31, temperature reduces, the cold junction temperature of first order vascular refrigerator is cooled at the third level first precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX9 place, then gas enters the third level second precooling zone regenerator RG32 and carries out heat exchange with regeneration filler wherein, temperature reduces, the cold junction temperature of second level vascular refrigerator is cooled at the third level second precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX10 place, then third level low-temperature zone regenerator RG33 is flowed through successively, third level cool end heat exchanger HX11, third level vascular PT3, third level free-piston FP3 enters third level vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX12, the work done during compression of gas is stored within it by deformation at high pressure phase by third level free-piston FP3, then low pressure cycle is entered, gas from third level vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX12 successively through third level free-piston FP3, third level vascular PT3, third level cool end heat exchanger HX11, third level low-temperature zone regenerator RG33, the third level second precooling zone regenerator RG32, the third level first precooling zone regenerator RG31 gets back in third level Linearkompressor C ' 3 and completes a circulation, the work done during compression stored in high pressure phase is within it discharged the recovery realizing sound merit in periods of low pressure by third level free-piston FP3, there is the temperature difference in the gas passing in and out third level cool end heat exchanger HX11 in cyclic process, thus produce refrigeration effect at third level cool end heat exchanger HX11 place.
Claims (6)
1. one kind adopts the free-piston type vascular refrigerator of full carbon aerogels regeneration filler, comprise the multiple vascular refrigerator unit be coupled by heat bridge, at least one in multiple vascular refrigerator unit comprises the compression set, regenerator, cool end heat exchanger, vascular and the vascular hot-side heat exchanger that connect successively, it is characterized in that, described vascular is built-in with a free-piston system, this free-piston system comprises spring and free-piston, and free-piston is connected with vascular hot-side heat exchanger by spring; Described free-piston is made up of aeroge post, and this aeroge post and vascular space are sealed and matched; The low-temperature end of the regenerator of the minimum temperature level vascular refrigerator unit in multiple vascular refrigerator unit is filled with full carbon aerogels layer, and wherein, the low-temperature end of described regenerator refers to the part of regenerator in 10K and below 10K operation temperature area.
2. the free-piston type vascular refrigerator of the full carbon aerogels regeneration filler of employing according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the length of described aeroge post is the 1/3-1/2 of vessel length.
3. the free-piston type vascular refrigerator of the full carbon aerogels regeneration filler of employing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described vascular refrigerator unit is two, be divided into first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit and second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit, first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit and the interior compression set adopted of second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit are low-frequency compression unit; The regenerator of described second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit comprises second level precooling zone regenerator, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger and second level low-temperature zone regenerator;
Thermal coupling is carried out by the heat bridge be connected between the first order cool end heat exchanger of first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit and second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger between described first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit and second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit;
Described first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit comprises the first order low-frequency compression unit, first order regenerator, first order cool end heat exchanger, first order vascular, first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger and the first order phase modulating mechanism that connect successively;
Described second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit comprises the second level low-frequency compression unit, second level precooling zone regenerator, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger, second level low-temperature zone regenerator, second level cool end heat exchanger, second level vascular and the second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger that connect successively, described second level vascular is built-in with second level free-piston system, second level free-piston system is made up of second level free-piston and second level spring, and second level free-piston is connected with second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger by second level spring;
The low-temperature end of described second level low-temperature zone regenerator is filled with full carbon aerogels layer; Described second level free-piston is made up of the second level aeroge post coordinated with second level vascular space.
4. the free-piston type vascular refrigerator of the full carbon aerogels regeneration filler of employing according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described first order phase modulating mechanism comprises: first order air reservoir, by being communicated with of pipeline and described first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger; The little ports valve of the first order, is located on the pipeline between described first order air reservoir and described first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger; First order bidirection air intake valve, one end and the pipeline connection between described first order low-frequency compression unit and first order regenerator, the other end and the pipeline connection between the little ports valve of the first order and described first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger.
5. the free-piston type vascular refrigerator of the full carbon aerogels regeneration filler of employing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described vascular refrigerator unit is two, be divided into first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit and second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit, first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit and the interior compression set adopted of second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit are low-frequency compression unit; The regenerator of described second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit comprises second level precooling zone regenerator, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger and second level low-temperature zone regenerator;
Thermal coupling is carried out by the heat bridge be connected between the first order cool end heat exchanger of first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit and second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger between described first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit and second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit;
Described first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit comprises the first order low-frequency compression unit, first order regenerator, first order cool end heat exchanger, first order vascular, the first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger that connect successively; Described first order vascular is built-in with first order free-piston system, and first order free-piston system is made up of first order free-piston and first order spring, and first order free-piston is connected with first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger by first order spring;
Described second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit comprises the second level low-frequency compression unit, second level precooling zone regenerator, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger, second level low-temperature zone regenerator, second level cool end heat exchanger, second level vascular and the second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger that connect successively; Described second level vascular is built-in with second level free-piston system, and second level free-piston system is made up of second level free-piston and second level spring, and second level free-piston is connected with second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger by second level spring;
The low-temperature end of described second level low-temperature zone regenerator is filled with full carbon aerogels layer; Described first order free-piston is made up of the first order aeroge post coordinated with first order vascular space, and described second level free-piston is made up of the second level aeroge post coordinated with second level vascular space.
6. the free-piston type vascular refrigerator of the full carbon aerogels regeneration filler of employing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described vascular refrigerator unit is three, be divided into first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit, second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit and third level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit; The compression set adopted in described first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit, second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit and third level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit is Linearkompressor; The regenerator of described second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit comprises second level precooling zone regenerator, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger, second level low-temperature zone regenerator; The regenerator of described third level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit comprises the third level first precooling zone regenerator, the third level first precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger, the third level second precooling zone regenerator, the third level second precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger, third level low-temperature zone regenerator;
Described first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit comprises the first order Linearkompressor, first order regenerator, first order cool end heat exchanger, first order vascular and the first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger that connect successively, first order vascular is built-in with first order free-piston system, first order free-piston system is made up of first order free-piston and first order spring, and first order free-piston is connected with first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger by first order spring;
Described second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit comprises the second level Linearkompressor, second level precooling zone regenerator, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger, second level low-temperature zone regenerator, second level cool end heat exchanger, second level vascular and the second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger that connect successively, second level vascular is built-in with second level free-piston system, second level free-piston system is made up of second level free-piston and second level spring, and second level free-piston is connected with second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger by second level spring;
Described third level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit comprises the third level Linearkompressor connected successively, the third level first precooling zone regenerator, the third level first precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger, the third level second precooling zone regenerator, the third level second precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger, third level low-temperature zone regenerator, third level cool end heat exchanger, third level vascular and third level vascular hot-side heat exchanger, wherein, third level vascular is built-in with third level free-piston system, third level free-piston system is made up of third level free-piston and third level spring, third level free-piston is connected with third level vascular hot-side heat exchanger by third level spring,
Described first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit, second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit and third level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit are by being connected to the first order cool end heat exchanger of first order precooling pulse refrigerator unit, first order heat bridge between second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger and the third level first precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger carries out a thermal coupling, second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit and third level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit carry out second heat coupling by the second level heat bridge of the second level cool end heat exchanger being connected to the third level second precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger and second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit,
The low-temperature end of described third level low-temperature zone regenerator is filled with full carbon aerogels layer, described first order free-piston is made up of the first order aeroge post coordinated with first order vascular space, described second level free-piston is made up of the second level aeroge post coordinated with second level vascular space, and described third level free-piston is made up of the third level aeroge post coordinated with third level vascular space.
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| US5113663A (en) * | 1991-03-11 | 1992-05-19 | Cryomech, Inc. | Multi-stage cryogenic refrigerator |
| JP2869207B2 (en) * | 1991-04-26 | 1999-03-10 | 三洋電機株式会社 | Stirling refrigerator |
| US6212904B1 (en) * | 1999-11-01 | 2001-04-10 | In-X Corporation | Liquid oxygen production |
| JP4360020B2 (en) * | 2000-08-24 | 2009-11-11 | アイシン精機株式会社 | Regenerative refrigerator |
| CN101294752B (en) * | 2007-04-29 | 2011-07-27 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Thermal coupling multilevel pulsatron refrigerating machine |
| CN103062952B (en) * | 2013-01-30 | 2014-12-03 | 浙江大学 | Pulse tube/Stirling gas coupling composite multi-stage refrigerator |
| CN203258918U (en) * | 2013-04-25 | 2013-10-30 | 浙江大学 | Free piston type pulse tube refrigerator adopting full carbon aerogel heat regeneration filler |
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