CN103216966A - Free piston type pulse tube refrigerator - Google Patents
Free piston type pulse tube refrigerator Download PDFInfo
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- CN103216966A CN103216966A CN2013101487392A CN201310148739A CN103216966A CN 103216966 A CN103216966 A CN 103216966A CN 2013101487392 A CN2013101487392 A CN 2013101487392A CN 201310148739 A CN201310148739 A CN 201310148739A CN 103216966 A CN103216966 A CN 103216966A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a free piston type pulse tube refrigerator which comprises at least one refrigeration unit. The refrigeration unit comprises a compression device, a heat regenerator, a cold end heat exchanger, a pulse tube and a pulse tube hot end heat exchanger, wherein the compression device, the heat regenerator, the cold end heat exchanger, the pulse tube and the pulse tube hot end heat exchanger are connected in sequence. A free piston system is arranged inside the pulse tube. The free piston system comprises a free piston and a spring. The free piston is matched with the pulse tube in a clearance mode, and the free piston is connected with the pulse tube hot end heat exchanger through the spring. The free piston system is arranged in the pulse tube, the free piston in the pulse tube can not only displace a gas piston in the pulse tube refrigerator to recover expansion work of gases to improve intrinsic conversion efficiency of the pulse tube refrigerator, but also achieve phase adjustment to eliminate phase mechanisms such as an inertance tube and an air bells reservoir which are complex in structure to enable refrigerator structure to be compact.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of vascular refrigerator, relate in particular to a kind of free-piston type vascular refrigerator.
Background technology
Vascular refrigerator is proposed in 1964 by Gifford and Longsworth, there is not moving component in it at cold junction, have high reliability and long-life potential advantages, through the development of nearly half a century, vascular refrigerator has been widely used in fields such as Aero-Space, low-temperature superconducting at present.According to the difference of drive source, vascular refrigerator mainly is divided into G-M vascular refrigerator (also claiming the low frequency vascular refrigerator) and Stirling vascular refrigerator (also claiming high-frequency vascular refrigerator); The G-M vascular refrigerator is by the driven compressor of G-M refrigeration machine, and its operating frequency is generally 1～2Hz, and the Stirling vascular refrigerator is driven by Linearkompressor, and its operating frequency is generally at 30Hz.
Though vascular refrigerator on ground and space field be used widely, its lower intrinsic conversion efficiency has limited its further application.Theory analysis indicates because vascular refrigerator can't reclaim the expansion work in the vascular, make this demi-inflation merit dissipate in the vascular hot junction, cause the efficient (Carnot efficiency) of the intrinsic conversion efficiency (warm area of the temperature/high temperature heat source of low-temperature heat source) of vascular refrigerator less than sterlin refrigerator with the form of heat.There is huge demand in current superconduction field to Cryo Refrigerator, and USDOE's analysis report points out that the efficient of refrigeration machine should be higher than 0.1(80K in order to satisfy the cooling requirement of following high-temperature superconductor equipment).
Notification number is the cooling device that the Chinese patent of CN100485828C discloses a kind of high-temperature superconductive device, comprise refrigeration machine cold head and cool guide sheet, refrigeration machine end flexible connection idol part links to each other with flange on the refrigeration machine cold head, superconduction end flexible connection idol part is crossed flexible conduction cooling band and the flexible connection of refrigeration machine end idol part all and is flexibly connected, cool guiding rod is connected with cool guide sheet, cool guide sheet is sandwiched between the high-temperature superconducting magnet winding, cool guiding rod places the periphery of high-temperature superconducting magnet combination, and upper and lower conduction cooling end plate lays respectively at the upper and lower surface of high-temperature superconductive device combination.This cooling device is suitable for the cooling of high-temperature superconductive device, but be unsuitable for vascular refrigerator, and the efficient of current vascular refrigerator generally is lower than 0.1(80K), can't satisfy the requirement of high-temperature superconductive device cooling to the highly effective refrigeration technology, vascular refrigerator is in profound hypothermia simultaneously, especially it is extremely low to be lower than the warm area efficient of 10K in temperature, makes further to raise the efficiency focus and the difficult point that becomes vascular refrigerator research.
Aeroge is the material that a kind of appearance with loose structure is the solid shape, density is minimum, and the density of the lightest aeroge only is 0.16 milligram/cubic centimetre on the our times, has extraordinary elasticity simultaneously, can when volume compression to 20%, restore to the original state, and have heat-insulating property preferably.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of free-piston type vascular refrigerator, in vascular, arrange a free-piston system, so that the free-piston type vascular refrigerator can reclaim the expansion work in the vascular, thereby improve its intrinsic conversion efficiency to desirable Carnot efficiency, and compact conformation is to satisfy the efficient cooling requirement of high-temperature superconductive device.
A kind of free-piston type vascular refrigerator, comprise at least one refrigeration unit, described refrigeration unit comprises compression set, regenerator, cool end heat exchanger, vascular and the vascular hot-side heat exchanger that connects successively, described vascular is built-in with a free-piston system, described free-piston system comprises free-piston and spring, and described free-piston links to each other with vascular hot-side heat exchanger with the vascular matched in clearance and by spring.
Described free-piston can adopt dismountable mechanical connection or utilize chemical glue to be connected with spring.
Free-piston in the vascular not only can replace the gas piston in the vascular refrigerator, and can realize phase adjusted, thereby has saved the comparatively complicated phase modulating mechanism of structures such as inertia tube and air reservoir, makes the structure of refrigeration machine compact more.
For the theoretical efficiency with vascular refrigerator is increased to Carnot efficiency.As preferably, described refrigeration unit is one, described compression set is the low frequency compressor bank, the low frequency compressor bank comprises compressor, level aftercooler, compressor low-pressure control valve and the compressor high pressure control valve that is in turn connected to form the loop, and the pipeline between compressor low-pressure control valve and the compressor high pressure control valve connects described regenerator.
The concrete connected mode of above-mentioned free-piston type vascular refrigerator is: compressor is in turn connected to form the loop with level aftercooler, low-pressure control valve and high pressure control valve, pipeline between compressor low-pressure control valve and the compressor high pressure control valve is connected successively with regenerator, cool end heat exchanger, vascular and vascular hot-side heat exchanger, free-piston place in the vascular and with the vascular matched in clearance, free-piston links to each other with vascular hot-side heat exchanger by spring.
Regenerator is the core component of vascular refrigerator, reduce the regenerator loss and have decisive influence improving the vascular refrigerator performance, and bidirection air intake can effectively reduce the gas flow by regenerator, thereby reduces the loss of regenerator, and then improves the performance of vascular refrigerator.
More preferred, described vascular hot-side heat exchanger also is connected with a bidirection air intake valve, and described bidirection air intake valve one end is communicated with vascular hot-side heat exchanger, the pipeline connection between the bidirection air intake valve other end and regenerator and the low frequency compressor bank.
The concrete connected mode of above-mentioned free-piston type vascular refrigerator is: the low frequency compressor bank comprises compressor, level aftercooler, compressor low-pressure control valve and the compressor high pressure control valve that is in turn connected to form the loop, the compressor low-pressure control valve and the pipeline between the compressor high pressure control valve of low frequency compressor bank are connected successively with regenerator, cool end heat exchanger, vascular and vascular hot-side heat exchanger, free-piston places in the vascular, links to each other with vascular hot-side heat exchanger by spring; Described bidirection air intake valve one end is communicated with vascular hot-side heat exchanger, the pipeline connection between the bidirection air intake valve other end and regenerator and the low frequency compressor bank.
As described in the background art, the low frequency compressor bank is owing to exist resistance parts such as high-low pressure transfer valve, make that the efficient of compressor bank is lower, and high-frequency vascular refrigerator is owing to adopt the Linearkompressor of valveless, and the efficient of the linear electric machine of driving Linearkompressor is higher, makes high-frequency vascular refrigerator have the potential of efficient operation.
More preferred, described compression set is a Linearkompressor.
The concrete connected mode of above-mentioned free-piston type vascular refrigerator is: Linearkompressor is connected successively with regenerator, cool end heat exchanger, vascular and vascular hot-side heat exchanger, and free-piston places in the vascular, links to each other with vascular hot-side heat exchanger by spring.
For obtaining lower cryogenic temperature, under lower cryogenic temperature, obtain higher refrigeration performance simultaneously, can adopt the structure of multistage vascular refrigerator, in at least one vascular of multistage vascular refrigerator, be furnished with the free-piston system that has free-piston and spring, with the recovery of expansion work in the realization vascular, and then the intrinsic conversion efficiency of raising vascular refrigerator.
Consider the special mechanical property and the thermophysical property of aeroge, as preferably, the free-piston of above-mentioned arbitrary free-piston type vascular refrigerator is to be made of the aeroge post.
The length of described aeroge post is the 1/3-1/2 of vascular length, make its heat exchange between effectively isolated high temperature section and the low-temperature zone gas and loss of shuttling back and forth between gas and the vascular wall in the expansion work in reclaiming vascular, thus the performance of raising vascular refrigerator.
Being shaped as of described aeroge post is cylindric.
Arrange a free-piston that constitutes by aeroge that can move freely in the vascular in above-mentioned free-piston type vascular refrigerator, utilize the good heat-insulating property of aeroge, can effectively reduce shuttle back and forth loss and gas conductive heat loss in the vascular, thereby further improve the efficient of free-piston type vascular refrigerator.Simultaneously, the free-piston that is made of aeroge can be stored in the work done during compression of gas in this free-piston at compression stage by deformation, the work done during compression that will be stored in this free-piston in the expansion stage discharges, thereby the recovery of expansion work in the realization vascular, and then the raising of realization vascular refrigerator intrinsic refrigeration performance, to satisfy current active demand to the efficient vascular refrigeration machine.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in:
(1) the free-piston type vascular refrigerator is by being provided with free-piston to replace the gas piston in the vascular refrigerator in the vascular of vascular refrigerator, realize the recovery of expansion work in the vascular, and then the raising of realization vascular refrigerator intrinsic refrigeration performance, to satisfy current demand to the efficient vascular refrigeration machine.
(2) compare with current passive phase-regulating vascular refrigerator, the free-piston type vascular refrigerator can reclaim the expansion work in the vascular, simultaneously compact conformation; Compare with the vascular refrigerator that adopts hot junction decompressor or spring oscillator, this free-piston type vascular refrigerator is simple in structure.
(3) the aeroge post that will have a good thermo-insulation properties is made the free-piston of vascular refrigerator, can effectively reduce shuttling back and forth loss and gas conductive heat loss in the vascular, thereby further improves the efficient of vascular refrigerator.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of embodiment of free-piston type vascular refrigerator of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the another kind of embodiment of free-piston type vascular refrigerator of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of another embodiment of free-piston type vascular refrigerator of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is described in further detail, should be understood that followingly, do not limit the scope of the invention only as exemplary.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of free-piston type vascular refrigerator comprises compressor C, level aftercooler AC, compressor low-pressure control valve LV and compressor high pressure control valve HV, regenerator RG, cool end heat exchanger HX2, vascular PT, free-piston FP, spring S and vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3.
The annexation of above-mentioned each parts is as follows: compressor C, level aftercooler AC, compressor high pressure control valve HV and compressor low-pressure control valve LV contact successively and form the closed circuit of low frequency compressor bank; Pipeline connection between the inlet of regenerator RG and compressor high pressure control valve HV and the compressor low-pressure control valve LV; The outlet of regenerator RG is communicated with cool end heat exchanger HX2, vascular PT and vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3 by pipeline successively; Free-piston FP place in the vascular PT and with vascular PT matched in clearance, its internal diameter is slightly less than the internal diameter of vascular PT, its length can be chosen as the 1/3-1/2 of vascular length according to the analog computation result, free-piston FP links to each other with vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3 by spring S.
Embodiment 2
Utilize the free-piston among the aeroge post formation embodiment 1, other structures are identical with embodiment 1, and the concrete structure of the piston type vascular refrigerator of present embodiment is: comprise compressor C, level aftercooler AC, compressor low-pressure control valve LV and compressor high pressure control valve HV, regenerator RG, cool end heat exchanger HX2, vascular PT, free-piston FP, spring S and vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3.
Compressor C, level aftercooler AC, compressor high pressure control valve HV and compressor low-pressure control valve LV contact successively and form the closed circuit of low frequency compressor bank; Pipeline connection between the inlet of regenerator RG and compressor high pressure control valve HV and the compressor low-pressure control valve LV; The outlet of regenerator RG is communicated with cool end heat exchanger HX2, vascular PT and vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3 by pipeline successively; The free-piston FP that constitutes by the aeroge post place in the vascular PT and with vascular PT matched in clearance, its internal diameter is slightly less than the internal diameter of vascular PT, its length can be chosen as the 1/3-1/2 of vascular length according to the analog computation result, and the free-piston FP that is made of the aeroge post links to each other with vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3 by spring S.
The running of the piston type vascular refrigerator of present embodiment is:
Starting stage, compressor low pressure modulating valve LV, compressor septum valve HV all is in closed condition, gas becomes high temperature and high pressure gas after compressing through compressor C, high temperature and high pressure gas is flowed through and is cooled to room temperature behind grade aftercooler AC, when gas pressure is higher than setting value, compressor septum valve HV opens, the high pressure room temperature air flows out by regenerator RG and with wherein filler from compressor high pressure valve HV carries out heat exchange, the temperature reduction enters in the follow-up associated components, gases at high pressure among the vascular PT are stored in the free-piston FP the work done during compression that free-piston FP compresses gas, make whole system all be in high pressure conditions, compressor septum valve HV closes then, compressor low pressure modulating valve LV opens, gas is through vascular PT, free-piston FP, regenerator RG finally gets back to compressor C by compressor low pressure modulating valve LV, free-piston FP discharges in the work done during compression that periods of low pressure stores within it in high pressure phase, finish a circulation thus, in cyclic process, there is the temperature difference in the gas of turnover cool end heat exchanger HX2, produce refrigeration effect thus, cold takes out from cool end heat exchanger HX2 in order to cool off various equipment and the devices that need cooling.
As shown in Figure 2, a kind of free-piston type vascular refrigerator comprises compressor C, level aftercooler AC, compressor low-pressure control valve LV and compressor high pressure control valve HV, regenerator RG, cool end heat exchanger HX2, vascular PT, free-piston FP, spring S, vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3 and bidirection air intake valve O.Free-piston FP is made of the aeroge post, and this aeroge post is cylindric, and internal diameter is slightly less than the internal diameter of vascular PT, and its length can be chosen as the 1/3-1/2 of vascular length according to the analog computation result.
The annexation of above-mentioned each parts is as follows: compressor C, level aftercooler AC, compressor high pressure control valve HV and compressor low-pressure control valve LV contact successively and form the closed circuit of low frequency compressor bank; Pipeline connection between the inlet of regenerator RG and compressor high pressure control valve HV and the compressor low-pressure control valve LV; The outlet of regenerator RG is communicated with cool end heat exchanger HX2, vascular PT and vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3 by pipeline successively; Free-piston FP place in the vascular PT and with vascular PT matched in clearance, free-piston FP links to each other with vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3 by spring S; Pipeline connection between bidirection air intake valve O one end and regenerator RG and the low frequency compressor bank, the bidirection air intake valve O other end is communicated with vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3.
The running of the free-piston type vascular refrigerator of present embodiment is:
Starting stage, compressor low pressure modulating valve LV, compressor septum valve HV all is in closed condition, gas becomes high temperature and high pressure gas after compressing through compressor C, high temperature and high pressure gas is flowed through and is cooled to room temperature behind grade aftercooler AC, when gas pressure is higher than setting value, compressor septum valve HV opens, the high pressure room temperature air flows out from compressor high pressure valve HV and is divided into two strands, one carries out heat exchange by regenerator RG and with wherein filler, the temperature reduction enters in the follow-up associated components, gases at high pressure among the vascular PT are stored in the free-piston FP the work done during compression that free-piston FP compresses gas, another strand enters the vascular PT by vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3 from bidirection air intake valve O, make whole system all be in high pressure conditions, compressor septum valve HV closes then, compressor low pressure modulating valve LV opens, gas is punished into two strands at vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3, one gets back to compressor C from bidirection air intake valve O by compressor low pressure modulating valve LV, another thigh is successively by vascular PT, free-piston FP, regenerator RG finally gets back to compressor C by compressor low pressure modulating valve LV, free-piston FP discharges in the work done during compression that periods of low pressure stores within it in high pressure phase, finish a circulation thus, in cyclic process, there is the temperature difference in the gas of turnover cool end heat exchanger HX2, produce refrigeration effect thus, cold takes out from cool end heat exchanger HX2 in order to cool off various equipment and the devices that need cooling.
Embodiment 4
As shown in Figure 3, a kind of free-piston type vascular refrigerator comprises Linearkompressor C ', regenerator hot end heat exchanger HX1, regenerator RG, cool end heat exchanger HX2, vascular PT, free-piston FP, spring S and vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3.Free-piston FP is made of the aeroge post, and this aeroge post is cylindric, and its internal diameter is slightly less than the internal diameter of vascular PT, and its length can be chosen as the 1/3-1/2 of vascular length according to the analog computation result.
The annexation of above-mentioned parts is as follows: Linearkompressor C ' is connected successively with regenerator hot end heat exchanger HX1, regenerator RG, cool end heat exchanger HX2, vascular PT, vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3, free-piston FP place in the vascular PT and with vascular PT matched in clearance, free-piston FP links to each other with vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3 by spring S.
The running of the free-piston type vascular refrigerator of this embodiment is:
At high pressure phase, flow through through the high temperature and high pressure gas of Linearkompressor C ' compression and to be cooled to room temperature behind the regenerator hot end heat exchanger HX1, then with regenerator RG in the backheat filler carry out heat exchange, temperature reduces, flow through successively then cool end heat exchanger HX2, vascular PT, free-piston FP and vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3, the gases at high pressure among the vascular PT are stored in the free-piston FP the work done during compression that free-piston FP compresses gas; Enter low pressure cycle afterwards, gas is got back to through free-piston FP, vascular PT, cool end heat exchanger HX2, regenerator RG successively from vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3 and is finished a circulation the Linearkompressor C ', there is the temperature difference in the gas of turnover cool end heat exchanger HX2 in cyclic process, thereby produce refrigeration effect at cool end heat exchanger HX2 place, cold takes out from cool end heat exchanger HX2 in order to cool off various equipment and the devices that need cooling.
Claims (7)
1. free-piston type vascular refrigerator, comprise at least one refrigeration unit, described refrigeration unit comprises compression set, regenerator, cool end heat exchanger, vascular and the vascular hot-side heat exchanger that connects successively, it is characterized in that, described vascular is built-in with a free-piston system, described free-piston system comprises free-piston and spring, and described free-piston links to each other with vascular hot-side heat exchanger with the vascular matched in clearance and by spring.
2. free-piston type vascular refrigerator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described refrigeration unit is one, described compression set is the low frequency compressor bank, the low frequency compressor bank comprises compressor, level aftercooler, compressor low-pressure control valve and the compressor high pressure control valve that is in turn connected to form the loop, and the pipeline between compressor low-pressure control valve and the compressor high pressure control valve connects described regenerator.
3. free-piston type vascular refrigerator according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described vascular hot-side heat exchanger also is connected with a bidirection air intake valve, described bidirection air intake valve one end is communicated with vascular hot-side heat exchanger, the pipeline connection between the bidirection air intake valve other end and regenerator and the low frequency compressor bank.
4. free-piston type vascular refrigerator according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described compression set is a Linearkompressor.
5. according to arbitrary described free-piston type vascular refrigerator among the claim 1-4, it is characterized in that the length of described free-piston is the 1/3-1/2 of vascular length.
6. according to arbitrary described free-piston type vascular refrigerator among the claim 1-4, it is characterized in that described free-piston is made of the aeroge post.
7. free-piston type vascular refrigerator according to claim 5 is characterized in that described free-piston is made of the aeroge post.
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| CN201310148739.2A CN103216966B (en) | 2013-04-25 | 2013-04-25 | Free piston type pulse tube refrigerator |
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| CN201310148739.2A CN103216966B (en) | 2013-04-25 | 2013-04-25 | Free piston type pulse tube refrigerator |
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| CN103216966B CN103216966B (en) | 2015-01-07 |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103808056A (en) * | 2014-01-23 | 2014-05-21 | 浙江大学 | Compound type cryogenic refrigerator with pulse tube capable of recycling acoustic power and J-T throttle |
| CN105823255A (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2016-08-03 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Pulse tube refrigerating machine |
| CN107062947A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-08-18 | 浙江大学 | A kind of micro-channel heat exchanger and the vascular refrigerator with the micro-channel heat exchanger |
| CN111219310A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2020-06-02 | 同济大学 | Expansion compressor |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103808056A (en) * | 2014-01-23 | 2014-05-21 | 浙江大学 | Compound type cryogenic refrigerator with pulse tube capable of recycling acoustic power and J-T throttle |
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| CN107062947A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-08-18 | 浙江大学 | A kind of micro-channel heat exchanger and the vascular refrigerator with the micro-channel heat exchanger |
| CN111219310A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2020-06-02 | 同济大学 | Expansion compressor |
| CN111219310B (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2021-07-16 | 同济大学 | Expansion compressor |
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