CN104177353B - 巯基苯并噻唑咪唑啉衍生物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

巯基苯并噻唑咪唑啉衍生物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN104177353B
CN104177353B CN201410351387.5A CN201410351387A CN104177353B CN 104177353 B CN104177353 B CN 104177353B CN 201410351387 A CN201410351387 A CN 201410351387A CN 104177353 B CN104177353 B CN 104177353B
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何忠义
熊丽萍
王威
卢慧
穆琳
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XINJIANG JINXUECHI TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种含咪唑集团的2‑巯基苯并噻唑衍生物的合成工艺及其应用。其合成是用2‑巯基苯并噻唑为原料,与氯乙酸、二乙烯三胺、N‑羟基乙二胺、乙二胺、三乙烯四胺和四乙烯五胺进行反应,二甲苯或甲苯做携水剂,2‑巯基苯并噻唑与二乙烯三胺、N‑羟基乙二胺等胺类反应以摩尔比为1∶1.1反应,反应温度为130‑160℃和180‑220℃,反应时间分别为4小时左右和2小时左右。本发明的操作简单,产率高,反应条件易于控制。本产品2‑巯基苯并噻唑咪唑啉衍生物可以应用于铜缓蚀剂、防锈剂、水基润滑油添加剂等。

Description

巯基苯并噻唑咪唑啉衍生物及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及含咪唑基团2-巯基苯并噻唑衍生物及其制备方法,其可以用作铜缓蚀剂,也可作为水基抗磨添加剂,属有机化工技术领域。
背景技术
2-巯基苯并噻唑作为传统的铜腐蚀抑制剂,该类杂环化合物作为润滑油添加剂中的元素S和O在边界润滑条件下与金属表面发生摩擦化学反应,生成具有抗磨减摩能力的FeS2和Fe3O4等无机物。2-巯基苯并噻唑在溶液中以硫酮形式吸附于金属铜表面,形成一层配合物膜而表现较强铜缓蚀性能。巯基苯并噻唑及其衍生物是一类性能优良的润滑油脂添加剂,具有良好的抗腐蚀,抗氧化金属致钝剂等功能,但是巯基苯并噻唑在润滑油及水基基础液中的溶解度比较差,限制了它的使用,所以必要时对其进行改性,使其满足工况要求。咪唑啉具有较好的水溶性,并且能与金属元素形成络合物,在表面形成很厚的吸附层,在2-巯基苯并噻唑衍生物中添加氨基和羟基,来增加其水溶性。本专利综合考虑2-巯基苯并噻唑和咪唑啉具有的一些性质,为了使添加剂起到抗磨减磨、抗氧或性能,合成了含有咪唑啉基团的2-巯基苯并噻唑衍生物。
CN1235971公开了一种油溶性金属减活剂-苯并噻唑衍生物的生产方法,是利用烷基取代巯基苯并噻唑巯基上的氢,从而增加了其溶解性,使产物具有优良的油溶性能,较少的添加量即可起到满意的防锈蚀效果。
US2985590公开了巯基苯并噻唑钠盐和取代羧酸盐形成巯基苯并噻唑羧酸盐,酸化后再和醇反应形成巯基苯并噻唑羧酸酯,把它作为润滑油添加剂使用。
US4589991介绍了一种苯基取代的巯基苯并噻唑的铵盐,其能在如邻苯二甲酸二己酯中溶解,从而使其作为润滑油,如自动变速箱油组分。
CN101768137A介绍了对含羟基的巯基苯并噻唑衍生物为3-(2-巯基-苯并噻唑基)-2-烷氧基丙醇的合成,提供的不含磷的噻唑衍生物可用作多功能润滑油(脂)添加剂,其可以提高润滑油的抗磨、抗极压性能和抗腐蚀的能力。
发明内容
本发明的目的是,根据2-巯基苯并噻唑在润滑油和水基润滑液中的溶解度较差的问题,提供一种含咪唑基团的2-巯基苯并噻唑衍生物的合成工艺,该化合物具有良好的极压抗磨性能和抗腐蚀性能,同时在水基润滑剂中的具有较好的溶解度;并提供合成上述化合物的方法。
本发明的技术方案是,以2-巯基苯并噻唑为原料,与二乙烯三胺、N-羟乙基乙二胺、乙二胺、三乙烯四胺和四乙烯五胺进行脱水成环反应,生成2-巯基苯并噻唑咪唑啉衍生物,反应条件易于控制,产率高。
本发明所涉及的含咪唑基团的2-巯基苯并噻唑咪唑啉衍生物的合成可以用下面的化学反应方程式来表示:
其中,X为-H,
本发明所述的含咪唑基团的2-巯基苯并噻唑咪唑啉衍生物可以作为一种多功能水基润滑油添加剂,也可以作为缓蚀剂。
本发明与现有技术比较的有益效果是,本发明的化合物可以单独使用,也可以添加到水基基础液中使用,具有良好的水溶性和良好的极压、抗磨性能,同时还具有抗腐蚀的能力。作为添加剂使用时,其添加量为0.1wt%~5.0wt%。
本发明含咪唑基团的2-巯基苯并噻唑衍生物也可以和其它润滑油脂添加剂复合使用,可达到增效协同作用。
本发明含咪唑基团的2-巯基苯并噻唑衍生物是一类非常有效的多功能润滑水基、油(脂)添加剂和缓蚀剂,具体合成的有:
2-巯基苯并噻唑乙酸咪唑啉基乙醇;
2-巯基苯并噻唑乙酸咪唑啉基乙胺。
本发明产品适用于在矿物油、合成油、植物油、合成酯、聚醚或加氢油等润滑油中做添加剂,提高润滑油的极压、抗磨性能和抗腐蚀的能力。
附图说明
图1是不同载荷下磨斑直径随2-巯基苯并噻唑乙酸咪唑啉含量变化关系图;
图2是不同载荷下摩擦系数随2-巯基苯并噻唑乙酸咪唑啉含量变化关系图。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解本发明,通过实例进行说明:
实例1:40g 2-巯基苯并噻唑与11.0g氢氧化钠水溶液混合加热反应(90℃以上)3-4h,缓慢滴加氯乙酸25g水溶液(30min),反应3-4h。产品提纯:冷却,滴加HCL至PH为2-3(大量白色沉淀),过滤80℃以上热水洗涤3次,干燥,测得熔点为152℃。然后再于250ml的三口烧瓶中分别加入二甲苯作溶剂和携水剂,二乙烯三胺,在140-160℃反应4h除去反应中产生的水,在190-210℃反应2h除去反应中产生的水,减压蒸馏,即得到浅黄棕色粘稠状液体2-巯基苯并噻唑乙酸咪唑乙胺。
实例2:40g 2-巯基苯并噻唑与11g氢氧化钠水溶液混合加热反应(90℃以上)3-4h,缓慢滴加氯乙酸25g水溶液(30min),反应3-4h。产品提纯:冷却,滴加HCL至PH为2-3(大量白色沉淀),过滤80℃以上热水洗涤3次,干燥,测得熔点为152℃。然后再于250ml的三口烧瓶中分别加入二甲苯作溶剂和携水剂,N-羟乙基乙二胺,在140-160℃反应4h除去反应中产生的水,在190-210℃反应2h除去反应中产生的水,减压蒸馏,即得到浅黄棕色粘稠状液体2-巯基苯并噻唑乙酸咪唑基乙醇。
所有的目标化合物经过Spectrum One型红外光谱仪确定合成物质有咪唑环的生成,添加剂的C、H、N元素分析结果如表1所示。从表1中元素分析结果可知,所有目标化合物的C、H、N元素的测定值与按分子式计算的理论值基本相符,绝对误差在允许范围内。可以确定所得化合物为目标化合物。
表1 各种实例的元素分析结果(括号内为理论计算值)
实例 C% H% N% S%
实例1 53.03(53.42) 5.38(5.48) 20.16(19.17) 21.37(21.91)
实例2 52.88(51.94) 5.76(5.52) 14.23(14.16) 21.17(21.69)
目标化合物的性能评价:
由于水的密度和粘度低,冰点较高,为了扩大其使用范围,在水中常常加入乙二醇、丙三醇、聚乙二醇等多元醇来降低其冰点和提高其粘度。本文用去离子水和乙二醇以质量比1∶1用作基础液,添加剂配置成0.1wt%、0.25wt%、0.5wt%的溶液。
采用济南试验机厂生产的MRS-10A型摩擦磨损试验机,对实例1、实例2制备的含咪唑基团的苯并三氮唑衍生物的最大无卡咬负荷(PB值)进行了测定,试验时间为10s。按照SH/T0189-92(392N)标准进行长磨,试验条件为:转速1450r/min,室温(20℃左右),试验时间30min,采用读数显微镜(精度0.01)测量3个下试球的磨斑直径(WSD),取其平均值作为磨斑直径测定值。钢球为上海轴承厂生产的二级GCr15标准钢球(AISI-52100),直径12.7mm,硬度HRC为59-61。
最大无卡咬负荷(PB值)和392N下磨斑直径(WSD)以及平均摩擦系数(μ)的结果列于表2。说明书附图1是不同载荷下磨斑直径随2-巯基苯并噻唑乙酸咪唑啉含量变化关系图,附图2是不同载荷下摩擦系数随2-巯基苯并噻唑乙酸咪唑啉含量变化关系图。
表2结果显示该类咪唑基的2-巯基苯并噻唑衍生物添加到水基润滑基础液中具有优良的极压性能和抗磨性能。
表2 基础油和各种添加剂的最大无卡咬负荷(PB值)
此外,按GB5096-85标准方法测定了实例1、实例2中制备的产物的抗腐蚀性能。经测定可知,各种产物浓度为1.0wt%的聚乙二醇在100℃下恒温3h对铜片的腐蚀均为2B级和2C级。

Claims (5)

1.一种含咪唑基团的2-巯基苯并噻唑衍生物,其特征在于,该物质具有以下结构式:
X为
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种含咪唑基团的2-巯基苯并噻唑衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于:
(1)使用2-巯基苯并噻唑与氢氧化钠水溶液在90℃下反应3小时,然后缓慢滴加氯乙酸,反应三个小时,取出反应液,冷却,加入盐酸直到出现大量白色沉淀,水洗除去氯离子,得2-巯基苯并噻唑乙酸;
(2)第一步得到的2-巯基苯并噻唑乙酸与二乙烯三胺或N-羟乙基乙二胺进行反应;
(3)第二步在反应介质存在下,反应介质为二甲苯,二甲苯做携水剂占总体积的20%-25%;
(4)反应温度在130-160℃下反应,除去反应中产生的水分,时间为3~5小时,在180-220℃下反应,除去反应中产生的水分,时间为2~3小时;
(5)2-巯基苯并噻唑乙酸与二乙烯三胺或N-羟乙基乙二胺的摩尔比为1∶1.0~1.2。
3.权利要求1所述的含咪唑基团的2-巯基苯并噻唑衍生物的应用,其特征在于,所述含咪唑基团的2-巯基苯并噻唑衍生物作为添加剂应用于植物油、加氢油、合成酯、矿物油、聚醚润滑油和水基基础液中,并能和其它润滑油添加剂复合使用。
4.权利要求1所述的含咪唑基团的2-巯基苯并噻唑衍生物的应用,其特征在于,所述含咪唑基团的2-巯基苯并噻唑衍生物作为油溶性润滑油添加剂,所述油溶性润滑油添加剂的添加量质量百分比为0.1%-2.0%。
5.权利要求1所述的含咪唑基团的2-巯基苯并噻唑衍生物的应用,其特征在于,所述含咪唑基团的2-巯基苯并噻唑衍生物作为水基润滑油添加剂,所述水基润滑油添加剂的添加量质量百分比为0.1%-3.0%。
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