CN1041692C - 在催化反应器中冷却合成气体的方法 - Google Patents
在催化反应器中冷却合成气体的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1041692C CN1041692C CN93120151A CN93120151A CN1041692C CN 1041692 C CN1041692 C CN 1041692C CN 93120151 A CN93120151 A CN 93120151A CN 93120151 A CN93120151 A CN 93120151A CN 1041692 C CN1041692 C CN 1041692C
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004643 cupric oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000002925 dental caries Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/0285—Heating or cooling the reactor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B61/00—Other general methods
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
在带有一个或多个金属氧化物催化剂床的催化剂反应器中直接冷却合成气体的方法,金属氧化物催化剂被装在具有分布作用的可透气间壁上,该方法包括将冷却气在合成气通过反应器时导至在每个间壁下的混合区中与其混合,其中混合区通过将还原气体通过催化剂床来获得,致使在催化剂粒子还原时,催化剂体积缩小,从而为在每个间壁下方的混合区提供了必需的空间。
Description
本发明涉及在催化反应中冷却合成气体的方法。特别是涉及放热转化过程中合成气体的冷却,这种冷却是通过将冷却气体加入到正通过反应器的合成气体中来进行的。
催化反应通常在带有一个或多个催化剂粒子床的反应器中进行。大量的这种反应是放热的,反应时会产生很高的热量。这就需要在催化反应进行时除去所产生的热量,至少在催化剂床上要除热以维持所需的转化率同时避免催化剂受到破坏。
常规的方法是用冷却介质进行热交换,间接地冷却反应合成气体,或者通过分布聚集体将冷却气体,通常是将新产生的合成气体导入催化剂床上直接进行冷却。在许多反应器中,催化剂是以连续床的方式安置的,冷却气体在催化剂床内进行散布。
已知的直接冷却反应合成气体的方法不足之处在于要求宝贵的反应体积以提供催化剂床与床之间或各催化剂床之中散布或混合冷却气和合成气所需的空间。
当在催化剂床内直接导入冷却气体时,冷却气流在床内的分布效果较差,从而导致冷却气体和合成气体本身流动的差异和混合比率的差异。
常规设计的反应器的其它缺点有昂贵压力罩的低利用率、高压降和由于催化剂粒子的裂解造成的副产物的形成以及在催化剂床各部位冷却程度的不足。
因此,就需要对直接使用合成气冷却的常规设计的反应器进行改造以避免上述问题的出现以及获得更高的生产能力。
本发明的目的是提供一种在带有一个或多个金属氧化物催化剂床的反应器中直接冷却合成气体的方法。
现已发现常规的冷却反应器的问题和缺陷均可以避免。这就是利用许多种催化剂在活化时体积减少的性质。在活化的催化剂中形成了空腔。在没有浪费宝贵的反应器体积空间的情况下,那些空腔就可方便地用来在残存气流中导入的混合冷却气体。
在催化剂活化期间当还原气体通过反应器与催化剂粒子中的还原金属氧化物接触时,催化剂体积就会减少。
本发明提供在催化剂反应器中直接冷却合成气体的方法,这种反应器带有一个或多个将金属氧化物催化剂载于具有分布作用的可透气间壁上的催化剂床,所述的方法包括在合成气体通过反应器期间将冷却气体导至每个间壁下方的混合区中与合成气体混合。该混合区通过在催化剂床上通过还原气体来获得,致使在催化剂粒子的还原期间催化剂体积收缩,从而在每个间壁下方提供了用作混合区所需的空间。
在实践中,本发明的应用是通过在反应器内安置一个或多个接有或供有气体分布和混合的聚集体的间壁来进行,同时在各间壁之间装入非活性的催化剂粒子。装入催化剂粒子后,在催化剂床上通过还原气体如氢气和氮气的混合物。这样,在催化剂中的金属氧化物被还原成金属态,从而使得催化剂体积缩小。
本发明具体在由上述类型的催化剂催化的放热反应中进行冷却,在依靠碳氧化合物和氢气并用金属氧化物催化剂的放热转化进行的甲醇的催化合成中尤其有用,这些金属氧化物催化剂通常包括氧化锌、氧化铜、三氧化二铬和氧化铝。靠金属氧化物的还原作用,在催化剂活化期间,这些金属氧化物体积缩小达20%。
本发明也可用于如上所述的在活化期间没有或只有很少体积缩小的催化剂上。那些催化剂可以和那些在后续合成反应中无催化活性但在活化时可缩小体积的单独放置的粒子混合以达到所需的效果,如果单独放置的粒子在活化时无体积缩小,就必须从催化床中去除。
Claims (6)
1.在带有一个或多个金属氧化物催化剂床的催化反应器中直接冷却合成气体的方法,金属氧化物催化剂装在具有分布作用的可透气的间壁上,该方法包括在合成气体通过反应器期间将冷却气体导到每个间壁下方的混合区中与合成气体混合,其中该混合区通过在催化剂床上通过还原气体来获得,致使在催化剂粒子还原时,催化剂体积收缩,从而在每个间壁下方提供了用作混合区所需的空间。
2.按照权利要求1的方法,其中该冷却气体是新产生的合成气体。
3.按照权利要求1或2的方法,其中用于制备甲醇的合成气体包括碳氧化合物和氢气。
4.按照权利要求1的方法,其中混合区可通过在催化剂床上的粒子来提供,这种粒子要么在还原气体通过催化剂床时其体积缩小,要么被去除。
5.权利要求1的方法,它用于改进催化反应器。
6.权利要求1的方法,其中还包括在具有一个或多个金属氧化物催化剂床的气冷催化剂反应器中为冷却气和合成气提供混合区的方法,金属氧化物催化剂被装在带有将冷却气分布到混合区装置的可透气的间壁之间,该方法包括,在合成气和冷却气通过前,在催化剂床上通过还原气体,还原金属氧化物催化剂成为体积较小的金属态,这样在间壁之间每个催化剂床的总体积缩小,为每个间壁下面的混合区留出了空间。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DK1465/92 | 1992-12-07 | ||
DK146592A DK169696B1 (da) | 1992-12-07 | 1992-12-07 | Fremgangsmåde til køling af syntesegas i en katalytisk reaktor |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1090790A CN1090790A (zh) | 1994-08-17 |
CN1041692C true CN1041692C (zh) | 1999-01-20 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CN93120151A Expired - Fee Related CN1041692C (zh) | 1992-12-07 | 1993-12-07 | 在催化反应器中冷却合成气体的方法 |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5455281A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0601957B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP3581384B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1041692C (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2110735C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69317523T2 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK169696B1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2115041T3 (zh) |
NO (1) | NO180366C (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2098182C1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19725006C2 (de) * | 1997-06-13 | 1999-04-29 | Dbb Fuel Cell Engines Gmbh | Methanolreformierungsreaktor und Behandlungsverfahren für einen Katalysator hierfür |
DE19801373A1 (de) * | 1998-01-16 | 1999-07-29 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Verfahren zur Vorbehandlung eines Katalysatormaterials |
EP1334766A1 (en) * | 2002-02-08 | 2003-08-13 | Haldor Topsoe A/S | Reactor for catalytic treatment of a particle-containing gas |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0241902A1 (de) * | 1986-04-16 | 1987-10-21 | Forschungszentrum Jülich Gmbh | Verfahren zur katalytischen Methanisierung eines Kohlenmonoxid, Kohlendioxid und Wasserstoff enthaltenden Synthesegases und Reaktor zur Methanisierung |
EP0303032A1 (de) * | 1987-08-01 | 1989-02-15 | Uhde GmbH | Verfahren und Anlage zur Durchführung einer Synthese, insbesondere zur Synthese von Ammoniak |
WO1990009234A1 (en) * | 1989-02-16 | 1990-08-23 | Haldor Topsøe A/S | Process and apparatus for exothermic reactions |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2512586A (en) * | 1945-09-04 | 1950-06-20 | Commercial Solvents Corp | Process and apparatus for carrying out exothermic chemical reactions |
GB1159035A (en) * | 1965-08-18 | 1969-07-23 | Ici Ltd | Methanol Synthesis. |
DE3540457A1 (de) * | 1985-11-14 | 1987-05-21 | Linde Ag | Verfahren und reaktor zur methanolsynthese |
ATE74291T1 (de) * | 1987-07-03 | 1992-04-15 | Ammonia Casale Sa | Heterogen-syntheseverfahren und verwandte reaktoren. |
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1992
- 1992-12-07 DK DK146592A patent/DK169696B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1993
- 1993-11-16 DE DE69317523T patent/DE69317523T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-11-16 ES ES93610060T patent/ES2115041T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-11-16 EP EP93610060A patent/EP0601957B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-11-24 NO NO934250A patent/NO180366C/no unknown
- 1993-12-06 CA CA002110735A patent/CA2110735C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-12-06 RU RU9393054535A patent/RU2098182C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-12-06 JP JP30560293A patent/JP3581384B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-12-07 CN CN93120151A patent/CN1041692C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-12-07 US US08/163,121 patent/US5455281A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0241902A1 (de) * | 1986-04-16 | 1987-10-21 | Forschungszentrum Jülich Gmbh | Verfahren zur katalytischen Methanisierung eines Kohlenmonoxid, Kohlendioxid und Wasserstoff enthaltenden Synthesegases und Reaktor zur Methanisierung |
EP0303032A1 (de) * | 1987-08-01 | 1989-02-15 | Uhde GmbH | Verfahren und Anlage zur Durchführung einer Synthese, insbesondere zur Synthese von Ammoniak |
WO1990009234A1 (en) * | 1989-02-16 | 1990-08-23 | Haldor Topsøe A/S | Process and apparatus for exothermic reactions |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0601957B1 (en) | 1998-03-18 |
RU2098182C1 (ru) | 1997-12-10 |
JPH06239777A (ja) | 1994-08-30 |
NO180366C (no) | 1997-04-09 |
CA2110735C (en) | 2000-02-01 |
DE69317523D1 (de) | 1998-04-23 |
JP3581384B2 (ja) | 2004-10-27 |
ES2115041T3 (es) | 1998-06-16 |
CA2110735A1 (en) | 1994-06-08 |
NO934250L (no) | 1994-06-08 |
US5455281A (en) | 1995-10-03 |
DE69317523T2 (de) | 1998-07-09 |
NO934250D0 (no) | 1993-11-24 |
DK146592D0 (da) | 1992-12-07 |
NO180366B (no) | 1996-12-30 |
DK169696B1 (da) | 1995-01-16 |
EP0601957A1 (en) | 1994-06-15 |
CN1090790A (zh) | 1994-08-17 |
DK146592A (da) | 1994-06-08 |
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