CN104167538A - 一种Li4Ti5O12/NiSn复合材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种Li4Ti5O12/NiSn复合材料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN104167538A
CN104167538A CN201410379688.9A CN201410379688A CN104167538A CN 104167538 A CN104167538 A CN 104167538A CN 201410379688 A CN201410379688 A CN 201410379688A CN 104167538 A CN104167538 A CN 104167538A
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范美强
陈达
柴文详
田光磊
位攀
王禹
夏伟
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    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/485Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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Abstract

本发明提供一种Li4Ti5O12/NiSn复合材料的制备方法。Li4Ti5O12/NiSn复合材料以空心碳球体为模板;经化学沉积、空气中烧结制备Li4Ti5O12空心球体,然后NiSn合金高温熔融混合Li4Ti5O12空心球体,缓慢冷凝、敲碎、碾磨获得Li4Ti5O12/NiSn复合材料;NiSn合金为Ni3Sn2,Ni3Sn4,Ni3Sn8的一种;Li4Ti5O12/NiSn的摩尔比为2~10;Li4Ti5O12/空心碳球体的摩尔比为0.2~5。本发明制备的Li4Ti5O12/NiSn复合材料导电性好,倍率性能高,循环寿命长,尤其充放电容量明显高于纯Li4Ti5O12。本发明制备的Li4Ti5O12/NiSn复合材料在动力电池领域具有很好的应用前景。

Description

一种Li4Ti5O12/NiSn复合材料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于新能源材料技术领域,特别是涉及一种Li4Ti5O12/NiSn复合材料的制备方法。 
背景技术
锂离子电池广泛用于电子、通讯、信息等产业,锂离子电池材料研究及生产技术已成为国内外科技界和产业界共同关注的焦点。目前,商业化的锂离子电池负极材料大多采用碳材料及其衍生物,但碳材料在实际应用中存在着几个缺点:1)首次充放电过程中,碳材料表面形成SEI膜,从而消耗正极材料中的锂,造成容量损失;并且SEI膜在高温下容易分解导致电池失效甚至燃烧;2)碳电极和金属锂的电极电位相近,电池在过充的情况下,可能在碳电极表面析出锂晶体而造成电池短路。尖晶石材料Li4Ti5O12具有较高的电压平台(1.55V),并且在脱插锂的过程中有着独特的零应变特性,因此Li4Ti5O12作为有发展和应用前景的动力电池材料而受到研究者的广泛关注。 
但Li4Ti5O12在实际电池应用中也存在部分缺陷:1)纯相Li4Ti5O12电子电导率较低,在高倍率充放电时,比容量衰减速率快;(2)振实密度低,体积比容量低;(3)Li4Ti5O12理论容量偏低,理论值175mAh/g,实际应用值为150~160mAh/g。目前大量文献集中于改善Li4Ti5O12电子电导率,通过优化制备方法或掺杂改性提高Li4Ti5O12材料的倍率性能。Cheng[CHENG L,LI X L,LIU H J,et al.Carbon-coated Li4Ti5O12 as a High Rate Electrode Material for Li-ion Intercalation[J].J.Electrochem.Soc,2007,154:A692-A697.]采用热分解甲苯的方法在Li4Ti5O12的颗粒表面形成均匀石墨化层,包覆后的Li4Ti5O12电导率为2.05S/cm,明显高于未包覆的Li4Ti5O12的电导率(<10-13S/cm)。因此,包覆后的Li4Ti5O12具有很小的电阻和较好的充放电倍率性能.Gao[GAO J,YING J R,JIANG C Y,et al.High-density Spherical Li4Ti5O12/C Anode Material with Good Rate Capability for Lithium Ion Batteries[J].J.Power Sources,2007,166:255-259.]等采用TiCl4、碳粉、氨气作为原材料,利用一种“outer gel”的方法合成出非常规则的球型Li4Ti5O12/C复合粉末,其振实密度为1.71g/cm3,这远高于一般的非球型Li4Ti5O12粉末。在电压区间1.0~3.0V,1C倍率放电电流,首次放电容量为144.2mAh/g。经过50次循环后,仍然可以达到128.8mAh/g。 
至今,Li4Ti5O12较低的理论容量和振实密度一直无法得到有效解决,从而限制了Li4Ti5O12的产业化应用。 
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种Li4Ti5O12/NiSn复合材料的制备方法,克服现有Li4Ti5O12制备技术的缺陷,提高Li4Ti5O12较低的理论容量和振实密度。为实现上述发明目的,本发明的技术方案是,Li4Ti5O12/NiSn复合材料以空心碳球体为模板;经化学沉积、空气中烧结制备Li4Ti5O12空心球体,然后NiSn合金高温熔融混合Li4Ti5O12空心球体、缓慢冷凝敲碎、碾磨,获得Li4Ti5O12/NiSn复合材料;NiSn合金为Ni3Sn2,Ni3Sn4,Ni3Sn8的一种;Li4Ti5O12/NiSn的摩尔比为2~10;Li4Ti5O12/NiSn复合材料的制备方法包括如下步骤: 
1)、制备有机物锂和有机物钛/碳微球的乙醇溶液,按一定比例混合,然后在50~100℃水浴加热5~10h;然后蒸发烘干; 
2)、将步骤(1)的产物敲碎,碾磨,然后在获得800~1000℃烧结5~20h; 
3)、将步骤(2)的产物按一定比例与镍锡合金粉末碾磨混合,在氩气气氛,700~1200C熔融混合5~40h; 
4)、将步骤(3)得到的产物冷凝,敲碎,碾磨得到Li4Ti5O12/NiSn复合材料粉末;所述的Li4Ti5O12/空心碳球体的摩尔比为0.2~5. 
本发明提供的一种Li4Ti5O12/NiSn复合材料的制备方法,与其它Li4Ti5O12制备方法相比,具有如下优点: 
1)本发明工艺简单、操作方便,有利于工业化生产。 
2)所制备的Li4Ti5O12/NiSn复合材料,颗粒尺寸均匀,电导率高,充放电倍率性能好。 
3)所制备的Li4Ti5O12/NiSn复合材料理论容量高于现有的材料Li4Ti5O12,也具有很好的循环性能. 
4)本发明的方法制备的Li4Ti5O12/NiSn复合材料在0.5~3V电位区间充放电,1C倍率放电比容量180mAh/g以上,1C倍率放电200次循环容量保持率在80%以上。 
具体实施方式
为能进一步了解本发明的发明内容、特点及功效,兹举以下实施例详细说明如下: 
实施例1 
一种Li4Ti5O12/NiSn复合材料的制备方法,成分设计为: 
体系1:Ni3Sn2,1mol;Li4Ti5O12空心球体,4mol; 
具体步骤如下:1)配制一定比例的有机物锂乙醇溶液和有机物钛/碳微球乙醇溶液,然后混合,在100℃水浴加热8h;再蒸发烘干;2)将步骤(1)的产物敲碎,碾磨,然后在获得1000℃烧结20h,获得Li4Ti5O12空心球体;3)、将步骤(2)的产物按摩尔比4∶1比例与Ni3Sn2合金粉末碾磨混合,在氩气气氛,1200℃熔融混合20h;4)、将步骤(3)得到的产物冷凝、敲碎,碾磨得到Li4Ti5O12/Ni3Sn2复合材料粉末;其中,Li4Ti5O12/空心碳球体的摩尔比为2. 
实施例1制备的Li4Ti5O12/Ni3Sn2复合材料在0.5~3V电位区间充放电,首次1C倍率放电比容量186mAh/g,1C倍率放电200次循环容量保持率在91%。 
实施例2 
一种Li4Ti5O12/NiSn复合材料的制备方法,成分设计为: 
体系2:Ni3Sn4,1mol;Li4Ti5O12空心球体,6mol; 
具体步骤如下:1)配制一定比例的有机物锂乙醇溶液和有机物钛/碳微球乙醇溶液,然后混合,在80℃水浴加热6h;再蒸发烘干;2)将步骤(1)的产物敲碎,碾磨,然后在获得850℃烧结10h,获得Li4Ti5O12空心球体;3)、将步骤(2)的产物按摩尔比6∶1比例与Ni3Sn4合金粉末碾磨混合,在氩气气氛,1100℃熔融混合30h;4)、将步骤(3)得到的产物冷凝,敲碎,碾磨得到Li4Ti5O12/Ni3Sn4复合材料粉末;其中,Li4Ti5O12/空心碳球体的摩尔比为1. 
实施例2制备的Li4Ti5O12/Ni3Sn2复合材料在0.5~3V电位区间充放电,首次1C倍率放电比容量207mAh/g,1C倍率放电200次循环容量保持率在88%。 
实施例3 
一种Li4Ti5O12/NiSn复合材料的制备方法,成分设计为: 
体系3:Ni3Sn8,1mol;Li4Ti5O12空心球体,8mol; 
具体步骤如下:1)配制一定比例的有机物锂乙醇溶液和有机物钛/碳微球乙醇溶液,然后混合,在90℃水浴加热8h;再蒸发烘干;2)将步骤(1)的产物敲碎,碾磨,然后在获得900℃烧结13h,获得Li4Ti5O12空心球体;3)、将步骤(2)的产物按摩尔比8∶1比例与Ni3Sn8合金 粉末碾磨混合,在氩气气氛,1200℃熔融混合8h;4)、将步骤(3)得到的产物冷凝、敲碎、碾磨得到Li4Ti5O12/Ni3Sn8复合材料粉末;其中,Li4Ti5O12/空心碳球体的摩尔比为4. 
实施例3制备的Li4Ti5O12/Ni3Sn2复合材料在0.5~3V电位区间充放电,首次1C倍率放电比容量223mAh/g,1C倍率放电200次循环容量保持率在83%。 
实施例4 
一种Li4Ti5O12/NiSn复合材料的制备方法,成分设计为: 
体系4:Ni3Sn8,1mol;Li4Ti5O12空心球体,3mol; 
体系5:Ni3Sn4,1mol;Li4Ti5O12空心球体,3mol; 
体系6:Ni3Sn2,1mol;Li4Ti5O12空心球体,3mol; 
具体步骤如下:1)配制一定比例的有机物锂乙醇溶液和有机物钛/碳微球乙醇溶液,然后混合,在70℃水浴加热16h;再蒸发烘干;2)将步骤(1)的产物敲碎,碾磨,然后在获得800℃烧结19h,获得Li4Ti5O12空心球体;3)、将步骤(2)的产物按一定3∶1摩尔比与镍锡合金粉末碾磨混合,在氩气气氛,1100℃熔融混合21h;4)、将步骤(3)得到的产物冷凝、敲碎、碾磨得到Li4Ti5O12/NiSn复合材料粉末;其中,Li4Ti5O12/空心碳球体的摩尔比为5. 
实施例4制备的Li4Ti5O12/NiSn复合材料在0.5~3V电位区间充放电,体系4,5,6的首次1C倍率放电比容量分别为198mAh/g,231mAh/g和266mAh/g,1C倍率放电200次循环容量保持率在88%,84%和81%。 
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。 

Claims (2)

1.一种Li4Ti5O12/NiSn复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:Li4Ti5O12/NiSn复合材料以空心碳球体为模板;经化学沉积,空气中烧结制备Li4Ti5O12空心球体,然后NiSn合金高温熔融混合Li4Ti5O12空心球体,缓慢冷凝敲碎,碾磨,获得Li4Ti5O12/NiSn复合材料;NiSn合金为Ni3Sn2,Ni3Sn4,Ni3Sn8的一种;Li4Ti5O12/NiSn的摩尔比为2~10;Li4Ti5O12/NiSn复合材料的制备方法包括如下步骤: 
1)、制备有机物锂和有机物钛/碳微球的乙醇溶液,按一定比例混合,然后在50~100℃水浴加热5~10h;然后蒸发烘干; 
2)、将步骤(1)的产物敲碎,碾磨,然后在获得800~1000℃烧结5~20h; 
3)、将步骤(2)的产物按一定比例与镍锡合金粉末碾磨混合,在氩气气氛,700~1200C熔融混合5~40h; 
4)、将步骤(3)得到的产物冷凝,敲碎,碾磨得到Li4Ti5O12/NiSn复合材料粉末。 
2.根据权利要求1所述的Li4Ti5O12/NiSn复合材料制备方法,其特征在于:Li4Ti5O12/空心碳球体的摩尔比为0.2~5。
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CN107317004A (zh) * 2017-06-19 2017-11-03 成都新柯力化工科技有限公司 一种锂电池负极钛酸锂‑铟铋液态金属材料及制备方法
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