CN104160599A - Method for producing a machine element, and machine element for an electric machine - Google Patents

Method for producing a machine element, and machine element for an electric machine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104160599A
CN104160599A CN201280063277.8A CN201280063277A CN104160599A CN 104160599 A CN104160599 A CN 104160599A CN 201280063277 A CN201280063277 A CN 201280063277A CN 104160599 A CN104160599 A CN 104160599A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
magnetic
powder particle
machine element
microscler
powder
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Granted
Application number
CN201280063277.8A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN104160599B (en
Inventor
S.A.埃文斯
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication of CN104160599A publication Critical patent/CN104160599A/en
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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/02Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the magnetic material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/0206Manufacturing of magnetic cores by mechanical means
    • H01F41/0246Manufacturing of magnetic circuits by moulding or by pressing powder
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K15/02Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2201/00Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
    • H02K2201/15Sectional machines

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a machine element (1), in particular for a stator or a rotor of an electric machine, comprising the following steps: providing a magnetic powder material having elongated magnetic powder particles (12) in a mold; applying a magnetic field that penetrates the provided powder material; compressing the powder material in the mold (17); and connecting the powder particles in order to obtain the machine element (1).

Description

For the manufacture of the method for machine element with for the machine element of motor
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of machine element for motor, especially guiding is for the machine element in the stator of motor or the magnetic field of rotor.The present invention relates to the method for the manufacture of this class machine element in addition.
Background technology
Except the slice structure of machine element, it is also known that, build some machine elements for guiding magnetic field, they use the manufacture of soft magnetic composite (SMC) dusty material, and for example Somaloy 700, and it is for example by " Somaloy technology " (Somaloy volume, in October, 2010, He Genasi Co., Ltd, Switzerland, www.hoganas.com) open.
SMC material is comprised of the iron core particle of surface insulation, and they are shaped unevenly, but has the spherical structure of being roughly of formed objects.Dusty material has the particle of being made by iron compound, and these particles have the size of compacting and the moulding of applicable machine element.Particle can for example have the size of approximately 0.1 mm and compacted with the pressure of approximately 800 MPa in an only step, to obtain the magnetic machine element that has complicated shape and narrow tolerance.Then compacted SMC machine element heats about 30 minutes at the temperature of approximately 500 ℃, to obtain machine element.
The defect of the dusty material using is, people only can obtain the machine element of the magnetic of homogeneous on all direction in spaces thus.Although this is to there being the motor of three-dimensional magnetic flux characteristic, for example motor in axial magnetic field, claw-pole motor and transverse flux motor are favourable, but in the motor of other type, the corresponding a kind of radially field pattern in magnetic field, in this field pattern, the magnetic line of force extends along two direction in spaces substantially one-dimensionally and in the specific zonule of magnetic loop.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is that a kind of a kind of machine element and better method for the manufacture of this class machine element with dusty material compacting that has better magnetic is provided.
This technical problem by by manufacture claimed in claim 1 for the method for the machine element of motor and solve by the machine element for motor by described in claim arranged side by side.
Other favourable expansion design explanation in the dependent claims of the present invention.
According to first aspect, stipulated a kind of method of the machine element for the manufacture of the stator in particular for motor or rotor, the method comprises the following steps:
-in pressing mold, provide the said magnetic powder material of microscler magnetic powder particles;
-apply the magnetic field that provided dusty material is provided;
-compacted powder material in pressing mold;
-connect powder particle, to obtain machine element.
The above-mentioned thought for the manufacture of machine element is, the dusty material that has a microscler magnetic-particle bears a magnetic field when compressing or before compressing, and this magnetic field has the identical line of force direction of line of force direction in the magnetic field of bearing when use is in motor machine element after substantially in the inside that has machine element to be molded.After applying magnetic field or during applying magnetic field, dusty material is compacted, to obtain scleroid machine element.Magnetic-particle through orientation retains their orientation at this before.By the corresponding orientation of magnetic powder particles, in the material of the machine element of manufacturing like this, in the direction of the orientation of the powder particle of magnetic, exist than the interface between adjacent powder particle still less in the horizontal.Magnetic conductivity in the direction of the orientation of the powder particle of magnetic is compared laterally and is significantly improved thus.
In addition can during applying magnetic field, implement the compacting to dusty material.
According to a form of implementation, after being applied in, magnetic field can implement the pressure compacting to dusty material.
Can stipulate, during applying magnetic field, pressing mold and/or dusty material bear one or many and clash into and/or vibrate.
The powder particle of microscler magnetic can have the length-width ratio between 2 and 5 in addition.
The share of microscler magnetic powder particles in dusty material is especially at least 50%, is especially at least 80%.
According to another aspect, stipulated a kind of stator of motor or machine element of rotor of being particularly useful for, wherein, thus with the said magnetic powder material manufacturing machine element with microscler magnetic powder particles:
-in pressing mold, provide the said magnetic powder material of microscler magnetic powder particles;
-apply the magnetic field that provided dusty material is provided;
-compacted powder material in pressing mold;
-connect powder particle, to obtain machine element.
According to another aspect, stipulated a kind of stator of motor or machine element of rotor of being particularly useful for, wherein, machine element has at least one region, and in this region, microscler magnetic powder particles is arranged each other closely, wherein, their longitudinal axis is orientated in parallel with each other.
A thought of above-mentioned machine element is, uses with the dusty material of microscler magnetic-particle and manufactures this machine element.These particles when compressing or before compressing along the magnetic line of force from excellent direction of magnetization orientation, thereby there is better magnetic permeability along the magnetic line of force, that is to say magnetic conductivity, magnetic conductivity is in the horizontal less.By microscler particle is set, reached the obvious improvement of the magnetic conductivity in magnetic line of force direction under very little particle volume.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Preferred form of implementation of the present invention is explained in detail by accompanying drawing hereinafter.In accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is by the cross-sectional views of the internal structure of the compacted SMC material of traditional method manufacture;
Fig. 2 is according to the cut-away view of SMC material method manufacture, that construct anisotropically by the first form of implementation of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a cross section of the machine element of motor, with the line of force illustrating in magnetic field;
Fig. 4 a to 4d shows chart, and they are illustrated in region A, the B marking in Fig. 3, the direction of the magnetic line of force in C, D;
Fig. 5 is another figure of the machine element of Fig. 3, with the powder particle shown in the amplification of SMC material;
Fig. 6 shows for applying by the magnetizing assembly in the magnetic field of having of Fig. 3 machine element to be manufactured, to make microscler powder particle orientation.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 shows the cross-sectional views in a cross section of the machine element 1 of manufacturing with SMC material.SMC material consists of the powder particle 2 of formed objects substantially, powder particle by magnetic material for example iron make, the surface of powder particle is insulated by insulating barrier 3.Powder particle 2 has the diameter of approximately 0.1 mm and is roughly cubic or spherical, follows the surface of irregular shaping.
Particle 2 is mutually compressed in pressing process, to be limited with the shape of machine element to be manufactured 1, and and then in thermal process, is hardened, thereby powder particle is interconnected enduringly.Fig. 1 shows the exemplary arrangement of powder particle 2 after thermal process.People have seen the powder particle 2 of formed objects, they against each other, thereby the region in the gap between particle 2 is minimized as far as possible.
The identical size of the powder particle 2 based on SMC material, the Magnetic Phase of manufactured like this machine element 1 on all direction in spaces is same, and in other words, the material of machine element is homogeneous with regard to its magnetic.But the magnetic conductivity along the direction of magnetic line of force F is especially determined by the quantity at the interface 4 between every two powder particles 2 along line of force F.
In order to reduce the quantity at interface 4, consider to expand in principle all sizes of particle 2.But caused so the corresponding larger gap between single powder particle 2, because dusty material can not, by fully, that is to say and not have compacting with gap.But larger gap magnetic conductivity has been produced to adverse influence and therefore can not cause magnetic conductivity expectation improvement or even can cause magnetic conductivity to reduce.
Therefore stipulate as shown in Figure 2, construct a kind of machine element 10 with microscler powder particle 12.Powder particle 12 is in other side, namely with they size independently, similar with the powder particle of Fig. 1.Before this has guaranteed to be pressed into powder particle 12 sclerosis of shape of machine element 10, these powder particles are just orientated along the specified line of force direction in magnetic field.Fig. 2 shows powder particle 12, and their longitudinal axis extends parallel to each other, the direction of the magnetic line of force F shown in correspondence.
Microscler powder particle 12 shown in figure 2, has the cross section of the longitudinal length that is parallel to them substantially, and longitudinal length roughly has the identical size of longitudinal length with powder particle 2 in Fig. 1, that is to say and has at w pdiameter between=0.05 to 0.3 mm or width w p.But the length l of powder particle 12 pcompare traditional powder particle of being made by SMC material and obviously become large.The length l of powder particle 12 pwidth w with powder particle 12 pratio be between 2 and 5.The thickness of powder particle 12, namely along z direction in Fig. 2, corresponding width w roughly p.This means, the powder particle 12 of insulation can have the big or small l x w x t of approximately 0.2 to 0.5 mm x 0.1 mm x 0.1 mm.
The advantage of the material being comprised of above-mentioned powder particle 12 is, it can be formed with main body heterogeneous magnetic, that be shaped arbitrarily.The magnetic of comparing the homogeneous of traditional machine element of being manufactured by the dusty material illustrating in conjunction with Fig. 1, can reach thus in the higher magnetic conductivity the excellent direction of magnetization.
As shown in Figure 2, in the layout of microscler powder particle 12, the quantity at the boundary position 14 that each two powder volume particles 12 clash into thereon mutually, in the direction longitudinally of powder particle 12, that is to say, in the direction of line of force F, obviously reduce, thereby in this direction, reached better magnetic conductivity.
In Fig. 3 by the line of force show in more detail the ground area that is magnetic with T shape stator tooth and band, for the magnetic field of the stator segment of motor, as the example of the machine element 10 for Fig. 2.The line of force that represents magnetic field at the line shown in machine element 10 inside.
Fig. 4 a to 4d shows the direction of the region A, the B that are occupied during the rotation of the rotor at permanent magnet excitation marking in Fig. 3, magnetic line of force F in C, D by closure around curve.As shown in Figure 3, also show radial component R and the tangential part T in tooth axle A, tooth boots B, tooth root C and magnetic ground area D.People see.Magnetic current only mainly exists along a direction substantially in tooth axle A and in the D of magnetic ground area.Otherwise, in the region of tooth root C and tooth boots B, on two direction in spaces, both that is to say and also on tangential T, occurring magnetic current on the radially R of the stator forming with machine element 10.
In Fig. 5, for region A, B, D shown in Figure 3, show the orientation of microscler powder particle 12, these are orientated machine during manufacture and occur after element 10 magnetization.For clarity sake, amplify and show powder particle 12, to can recognize them about the orientation of magnetic line of force F.People see, powder particle 12 is orientated along the magnetic line of force.
As shown in FIG. 6, in order to manufacture this machine element 10, provide a kind of dusty material that has microscler powder particle 12 as illustrated in conjunction with Fig. 2 and the cavity that carries it into pressing mold 17, pressing mold defines the moulding of machine element to be manufactured 10.In current example, manufacture method by as shown in Figure 3 roughly T-shaped machine element 10 explained.
After dusty material is received in the cavity of pressing mold 17, powder particle 12 exists with a kind of loose and not compacted shape.Loose powder particle 12 has less magnetic conductivity, because first they be not oriented and produced thus the larger gap between powder particle 12, gap has affected magnetic resistance fatefully.But magnetic conductivity is enough to be formed on the interior magnetic field being orientated of machine element 10 almost identically, thereby can start orientation process.
And then pressing mold 17 bears a magnetic field, after this magnetic field corresponding machine element 10 in its direction completes after in service born magnetic field.
Magnetizing assembly 15 for example can be provided for the machine element 10 of the T shape of shop drawings 3 according to Fig. 6.The magnetizing assembly 15 of Fig. 6 has two magnetic loops coupled to each other for guiding two magnetic fields.Magnetic field is by coil windings, 16 energisings produce, and winding coil surrounds the arm of the centre of magnetizing assembly 15, and middle arm is a part for two magnetic loops.
Magnetic loop is interrupted on T shape part, to hold the correspondingly configured pressing mold 17 for the manufacture of the T shape machine element of Fig. 3.Pressing mold 17 is installed on magnetizing assembly 15 or is placed in the breach of magnetic loop by cover like this, makes the magnetic field that produces through pressing mold 17 in magnetizing assembly 15 and is brought into the dusty material in the cavity of pressing mold 17.In an illustrated embodiment, pressing mold is overlapped and is installed on magnetizing assembly 15 like this, makes tooth axle form an extension of middle arm, and in middle arm, all the other regions that magnetizing assembly 15 is compared in magnetic field have the highest field intensity.Two opposed ends in the machine element 10E district of T shape abut in respectively two of magnetizing assembly 15 other extremely go up.The magnetic line of force at this in two opposed ends of radially extending and pointing to yoke district along tooth axle.In the present embodiment, in the region of inner radial, formed a tooth top, the magnetic line of force inwardly to profile that should tooth top be fan shooting.Machine element 17 is for example configured to stator component or rotor elements, and it can be reeled by electric coil and a plurality of such elements can be pieced together to a circular stator or rotor.
At this, pressing mold 17 bears a magnetic field, after this magnetic field corresponding machine element 10 with regard to its direction completes after in service born magnetic field.The magnetic line of force by the dusty material in the cavity at pressing mold 17 is the corresponding magnetic line of force existing at lasting run duration in the motor of machine element 10 of inserting within it substantially thus.
When magnetic field is applied on pressing mold 17, the compression of microscler powder particle 12 has caused motion and the again orientation of microscler powder particle 12 on magnetic direction of microscler powder particle 12, and wherein, the longitudinal axis of powder particle 12 is towards the direction orientation of magnetic line of force F.In order to compress, a pressure is applied on powder particle 12, thereby powder particle 12 motions, by their motion rotation and thus according to applied magnetic field orientating.Therefore improved the magnetic conductivity of dusty material, because their density increases, therefore the intensity of the magnetic field in dusty material during pressing process and orientation continue to increase.
In order to support the process of the orientation of microscler powder particle 12, pressing mold 17 can be shaken or otherwise bear to be clashed into or vibration, to make the microscler powder particle 12 of great share as far as possible reach best orientation.
By back to back, to the further compression of dusty material, take out and implement back to back heating process from magnetizing assembly 15, powder particle 12 is interconnected to machine element 10 constantly.At this, continue to keep single powder particle 12 before by the direction of magnetic fields.
Above-mentioned manufacture method and the machine element manufactured by this manufacture method can not only be for the stator tooths of the motor for each type, and can be for complete magnetic loop.

Claims (10)

1. for the manufacture of the method that is particularly useful for the stator of motor or the machine element of rotor (10), with the following step:
-soft magnetic composite (the SMC)-material of dusty material with the magnetic of the powder particle (12) of microscler magnetic-is preferably provided in pressing mold (17);
-magnetic field through provided dusty material is provided;
-compacted powder material in pressing mold (17);
-connecting powder particle (12), especially sintering or hardening powder particle, to obtain machine element (10).
2. by method claimed in claim 1, wherein, during applied magnetic field and/or after magnetic field has been applied in, carry out the compacting of dusty material.
3. by the method described in claim 1 or 2, wherein, during applying magnetic field, dusty material and/or pressing mold (17) bear one or many and clash into and/or vibrate.
4. by the method described in claim 1 to 4 any one, wherein, the powder particle of microscler magnetic (12) has the length-width ratio between 2 and 5 ,-wherein especially this length-width ratio by the maximum length l of powder particle (12) pwith Breadth Maximum w pdetermine.
5. by the method described in claim 1 to 4 any one, wherein, the share of the powder particle of microscler magnetic (12) in dusty material is at least 50%, is especially at least 80%.
6. be particularly useful for the stator of motor or the machine element of rotor (1),-preferably by the method described in claim 1 to 5 any one make-, wherein machine element (10) is by the said magnetic powder material of the powder particle (12) of the magnetic with microscler-preferably soft magnetic composite (SMC)-material is made in the following manner:
-dusty material with the magnetic of the powder particle (12) of microscler magnetic is provided in pressing mold (17);
-magnetic field through provided dusty material is provided;
-compacted powder material in pressing mold (17);
-connect-especially sintering or sclerosis-powder particle (12), to obtain machine element (10).
7. be particularly useful for the stator of motor or the machine element of rotor (10), wherein machine element (1) has at least one region, in this region, the powder particle of microscler magnetic (12) is arranged against each other, and wherein their longitudinal axis is orientated in parallel with each other.
8. by the machine element (10) described in claim 6 or 7, it is characterized in that, machine element (10) is configured to approximate T shape and has the tooth axle radially with substantially radial oriented powder particle (12), and have along circumferentially extending E district, powder particle in E district (12) substantially with circumferential tangent orientation.
9. by the machine element (10) described in claim 6 to 8 any one, it is characterized in that, the powder particle of microscler magnetic (12) has the length-width ratio between 2 and 5 ,-wherein especially this length-width ratio by the maximum length l of powder particle (12) pwith Breadth Maximum w pdetermine.
10. by the machine element (10) described in claim 6 to 9 any one, it is characterized in that, the share of the powder particle of microscler magnetic (1) in dusty material is at least 50%, is especially at least 80%.
CN201280063277.8A 2011-12-22 2012-10-24 Method for manufacture machine element and the machine element for motor Active CN104160599B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201110089517 DE102011089517A1 (en) 2011-12-22 2011-12-22 Method for producing a machine element and machine element for an electrical machine
DE102011089517.5 2011-12-22
PCT/EP2012/071058 WO2013091952A2 (en) 2011-12-22 2012-10-24 Method for producing a machine element, and machine element for an electric machine

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CN104160599A true CN104160599A (en) 2014-11-19
CN104160599B CN104160599B (en) 2017-11-24

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DE (1) DE102011089517A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2013091952A2 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018218199A1 (en) * 2017-05-25 2018-11-29 University Of Pittsburgh-Of The Commonwealth System Of Higher Education Alignment of magnetic materials during powder deposition or spreading in additive manufacturing
EP3715018B1 (en) * 2019-03-29 2022-07-20 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Texturing of electrical sheets

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0411703A (en) * 1990-04-28 1992-01-16 Nippon Steel Corp Manufacture of rare earth magnet
US5691681A (en) * 1995-01-13 1997-11-25 Nakagawaseimitsukogyo Kabushikikaisha Method of producing a field magnet for a DC motor and a field magnet for a DC motor
JP2001081503A (en) * 1999-09-13 2001-03-27 Sumitomo Special Metals Co Ltd Method for orienting raw material alloy powder for anisotropic rare earth magnet, and manufacture of the magnet
CN1487536A (en) * 2002-09-11 2004-04-07 阿尔卑斯电气株式会社 Noncrystalline soft magnetic alloy powder and dust core, electricwale absorber using the same
CN1586098A (en) * 2001-11-09 2005-02-23 Tdk株式会社 Composite magnetic element, electromagnetic wave absorbing sheet, production method for sheet-form article, production method for electromagnetic wave absorbing sheet
JP2005080432A (en) * 2003-09-01 2005-03-24 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Motor and its manufacturing method
CN101022053A (en) * 2006-02-14 2007-08-22 胜美达集团株式会社 Composite magnetic sheet and production method thereof

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0411703A (en) * 1990-04-28 1992-01-16 Nippon Steel Corp Manufacture of rare earth magnet
US5691681A (en) * 1995-01-13 1997-11-25 Nakagawaseimitsukogyo Kabushikikaisha Method of producing a field magnet for a DC motor and a field magnet for a DC motor
JP2001081503A (en) * 1999-09-13 2001-03-27 Sumitomo Special Metals Co Ltd Method for orienting raw material alloy powder for anisotropic rare earth magnet, and manufacture of the magnet
CN1586098A (en) * 2001-11-09 2005-02-23 Tdk株式会社 Composite magnetic element, electromagnetic wave absorbing sheet, production method for sheet-form article, production method for electromagnetic wave absorbing sheet
CN1487536A (en) * 2002-09-11 2004-04-07 阿尔卑斯电气株式会社 Noncrystalline soft magnetic alloy powder and dust core, electricwale absorber using the same
JP2005080432A (en) * 2003-09-01 2005-03-24 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Motor and its manufacturing method
CN101022053A (en) * 2006-02-14 2007-08-22 胜美达集团株式会社 Composite magnetic sheet and production method thereof

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DE102011089517A1 (en) 2013-06-27
WO2013091952A3 (en) 2014-10-02
WO2013091952A2 (en) 2013-06-27
CN104160599B (en) 2017-11-24

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