CN104160064B - 用于钴合金无电沉积的碱性镀浴 - Google Patents
用于钴合金无电沉积的碱性镀浴 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104160064B CN104160064B CN201380012788.1A CN201380012788A CN104160064B CN 104160064 B CN104160064 B CN 104160064B CN 201380012788 A CN201380012788 A CN 201380012788A CN 104160064 B CN104160064 B CN 104160064B
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- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihydridoboron Substances B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000085 borane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001429 cobalt ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+) Chemical compound [Co+2] XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 hypophosphorous acid Radical ion Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 5
- GQZXNSPRSGFJLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyphosphanone Chemical group OP=O GQZXNSPRSGFJLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940005631 hypophosphite ion Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamic acid Chemical compound NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 125000001494 2-propynyl group Chemical group [H]C#CC([H])([H])* 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 18
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 9
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical class OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 2
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000004279 alanine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010277 boron hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- RVPVRDXYQKGNMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(2+) Chemical compound [Pb+2] RVPVRDXYQKGNMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic acid Chemical class O[PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003628 tricarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propane sultone Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCO1 FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HOZBSSWDEKVXNO-DKWTVANSSA-N 2-aminobutanedioic acid;(2s)-2-aminobutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)CC(O)=O.OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O HOZBSSWDEKVXNO-DKWTVANSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULHLNVIDIVAORK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O.OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O ULHLNVIDIVAORK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-alanine Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(O)=O QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000222065 Lycoperdon Species 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001597008 Nomeidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000768494 Polymorphum Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiazole Chemical compound C1=CSC=N1 FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Co].[Ni] QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- GJYJYFHBOBUTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-camphorene Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(=C)C1CCC(CCC=C(C)C)=CC1 GJYJYFHBOBUTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- MPMSMUBQXQALQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt phthalocyanine Chemical class [Co+2].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 MPMSMUBQXQALQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001664 diethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- VKFAUCPBMAGVRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipivefrin hydrochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[NH2+]CC(O)C1=CC=C(OC(=O)C(C)(C)C)C(OC(=O)C(C)(C)C)=C1 VKFAUCPBMAGVRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- HCPOCMMGKBZWSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-hydrazinyl-3-oxopropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(=O)NN HCPOCMMGKBZWSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003810 ethyl acetate extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004275 glycolic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- BQPIGGFYSBELGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury(2+) Chemical compound [Hg+2] BQPIGGFYSBELGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- BPTZEQZDELJZTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonoxybenzene;phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O.CCCCCCCCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 BPTZEQZDELJZTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OOFGXDQWDNJDIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxathiolane Chemical compound C1COSC1 OOFGXDQWDNJDIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002940 palladium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(2+) Chemical compound [Pd+2] MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001936 parietal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JTHLRRZARWSHBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent-4-yn-2-ol Chemical compound CC(O)CC#C JTHLRRZARWSHBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000137 polyphosphoric acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001380 potassium hypophosphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CRGPNLUFHHUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium phosphinate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]P=O CRGPNLUFHHUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical group [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/48—Coating with alloys
- C23C18/50—Coating with alloys with alloys based on iron, cobalt or nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及用于三元和四元钴合金Co‑M‑P、Co‑M‑B及Co‑M‑B‑P的无电沉积的水性碱性镀浴组合物,其中M选自由Mn、Zr、Re、Mo、Ta及W组成的群组,所述组合物包含炔丙基衍生物作为稳定剂。由其得到的钴合金层适用作例如半导体装置、印刷电路板及IC衬底等电子装置中的障壁层和顶盖层。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于三元和四元钴合金的无电沉积的水性碱性镀浴组合物。自所述镀浴沉积的钴合金适用作半导体装置、印刷电路板、IC衬底及其类似物中的障壁层和顶盖层。
背景技术
在例如半导体装置、印刷电路板、IC衬底及其类似物的电子装置中使用障壁层来分隔具有不同组成的层并由此防止这些具有组成不同组成的层之间的非所需的扩散。
典型障壁层材料为二元镍合金,例如Ni-P合金,其通常通过无电镀沉积到具有第一组成的第一层上,随后将具有第二组成的第二层沉积到所述障壁层上。
障壁层材料在电子装置中的另一应用是作为顶盖层,其例如沉积到铜上以防止铜腐蚀。
三元和四元钴合金由于与二元镍合金相比具有较好的障壁功能而作为障壁层或顶盖层变得受关注。所述钴合金也是通过无电镀来沉积。
US 7,410,899 B2中揭示一种用于三元和四元钴合金沉积的水性碱性镀浴,其包含多磷酸或其盐作为晶粒细化剂。
WO 2007/075063 A1中揭示一种用于沉积适用作顶盖层的基于钴的合金的无电镀浴。其中所揭示的镀浴组合物包含选自磷酸盐和磷酸氢盐的磷前驱物,及作为还原剂的二甲基胺硼烷或硼氢化物。所用稳定剂为咪唑、噻唑、三唑、二硫化物及其衍生物中的一或多种。
US 3,717,482中揭示一种用于钴的无电沉积的电镀溶液,其包含作为主要稳定剂的汞离子与作为次要稳定剂的炔系化合物(例如炔丙基醇)的组合。由所述镀浴组合物获得的金属沉积物含有汞。
专利文献US 3,790,392揭示用于铜金属的无电沉积的镀浴组合物,其包含作为还原剂的甲醛以及炔丙基型添加剂。
US 3,661,597中揭示用于铜金属的无电沉积的镀浴组合物,其包含作为还原剂的甲醛以及炔醇和环氧烷的聚醚加合物。
专利文献US 4,036,709揭示通过电镀来沉积钴合金的酸性镀浴组合物,其包含环氧化物与α-羟基炔系醇的反应产物。
US 4,016,051中揭示用于电镀钴或镍-钴合金的酸性镀浴组合物,其包含二乙氨基丙炔硫酸盐。
专利文献4,104,137揭示用于电镀铁-钴合金的酸性电镀溶液,其包含炔系不饱和磺酸酯。
US 5,695,810中揭示具有在0.06到0.2wt.%的范围内的钨含量的Co-W-P合金障壁层。所揭示的镀浴进一步包含50mg/l聚乙氧基壬基苯基-醚-磷酸盐。
本发明的目的
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于三元和四元钴合金Co-M-P、Co-M-B及Co-M-B-P沉积的无电镀浴,其针对非所需的分解具有高稳定性。
发明内容
此目的是通过用于三元和四元钴合金Co-M-P、Co-M-B及Co-M-B-P的无电沉积的水性碱性镀浴组合物来解决,其中M优选地选自由Mn、Zr、Re、Mo、Ta及W组成的群组,所述镀浴包含:
(i)钴离子来源,
(ii)M离子来源,
(iii)至少一种络合剂,
(iv)至少一种还原剂,其选自由次磷酸根离子和基于硼烷的还原剂组成的群组,及
(v)根据式(1)的稳定剂:
其中X选自O和NR4,n优选在1到6的范围内,更优选为1到4,m优选在1到8的范围内,更优选为1到4;R1、R2、R3及R4独立地选自氢和C1到C4烷基;Y选自SO3R5、CO2R5及PO3R5 2,并且R5选自氢、钠、钾及铵。
根据本发明的无电镀浴针对非所需的分解具有高稳定性且允许沉积具有在4到20wt.%范围内的高含量的合金金属M的三元和四元钴合金层。
具体实施方式
本发明的水性碱性镀浴包含水溶性钴盐作为钴离子来源。适合的钴离子来源为例如CoCl2和CoSO4及其相应水合物,例如CoSO4·7H2O。
镀浴中钴离子的浓度优选在0.01到0.2mol/l的范围内,更优选为0.05到0.15mol/l。
适合的M离子来源选自由提供Mn、Zr、Re、Mo、Ta及W离子的水溶性化合物组成的群组。最优选的M离子为Mo和W。优选M离子来源为水溶性钼酸盐和钨酸盐,例如Na2MoO4和Na2WO4及其相应水合物,例如Na2MoO4·2H2O和Na2WO4·2H2O。
添加到镀浴中的M离子的量优选在0.01到0.2mol/l的范围内,更优选为0.05到0.15mol/l。镀浴中M离子的量可足以在所沉积的三元或四元钴合金中达到4到20wt.%M的浓度。
用于三元和四元钴离子沉积的镀浴中包括络合剂或络合剂的混合物。所述络合剂在此项技术中也称为螯合剂。
在一个实施例中,可使用羧酸、羟基羧酸、氨基羧酸及上述各物的盐或其混合物作为络合剂或螯合剂。有用的羧酸包括单羧酸、二羧酸、三羧酸及四羧酸。羧酸可用例如羟基或氨基等多种取代基部分进行取代,并且所述酸可以其钠、钾或铵盐形式引入镀浴中。一些络合剂(例如乙酸)例如还可充当pH缓冲剂,并且考虑到所述添加剂组分的双重功能性,其适当浓度可经最佳化以用于任何镀浴。
适用作本发明的镀浴中的络合剂或螯合剂的所述羧酸的实例包括:单羧酸,例如乙酸、羟基乙酸(乙醇酸)、氨基乙酸(甘氨酸)、2-氨基丙酸(丙氨酸);2-羟基丙酸(乳酸);二羧酸,例如丁二酸、氨基丁二酸(天冬氨酸)、羟基丁二酸(苹果酸)、丙二酸(propanedioicacid/malonic acid)、酒石酸;三羧酸,例如2-羟基-1,2,3丙烷三甲酸(柠檬酸);及四羧酸,例如乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)。在一个实施例中,根据本发明的镀浴中利用了上述络合剂/螯合剂中的两种或两种以上的混合物。
络合剂的浓度或在使用一种以上络合剂的情况下所有络合剂一起的浓度优选在0.01到0.3mol/l的范围内,更优选为0.05到0.2mol/l。
在使用次磷酸盐化合物作为还原剂的情况下,获得三元Co-M-P合金沉积物。将基于硼烷的化合物作为还原剂可产生三元Co-M-B合金沉积物并且将次磷酸盐与基于硼烷的化合物的混合物作为还原剂可产生四元Co-M-B-P合金沉积物。
在本发明的一个实施例中,镀浴含有衍生自次磷酸或其浸浴可溶性盐(例如次磷酸钠、次磷酸钾及次磷酸铵)的次磷酸根离子作为还原剂。
镀浴中次磷酸根离子的浓度优选在0.01到0.5mol/l的范围内,更优选为0.05到0.35mol/l。
在本发明的另一实施例中,镀浴含有基于硼烷的还原剂。适合的基于硼烷的还原剂为例如二甲基胺硼烷和水溶性硼氢化物化合物,例如NaBH4。
基于硼烷的还原剂的浓度优选在0.01到0.5mol/l的范围内,更优选为0.05到0.35mol/l。
在本发明的又一实施例中,镀浴中使用了次磷酸根离子与基于硼烷的还原剂的混合物。
稳定剂选自根据式(1)的化合物:
其中X选自O和NR4,n优选在1到6的范围内,更优选为1到4,m优选在1到8的范围内,更优选为1到4;R1、R2、R3及R4独立地选自氢和C1到C4烷基;Y选自SO3R5、CO2R5及PO3R5 2,并且R5选自氢、钠、钾及铵。
更优选地,稳定剂选自根据式(1)的化合物,其中Y为SO3R5,其中R5选自氢、钠、钾及铵。
需要根据式(1)的稳定剂来延长根据本发明的镀浴的使用期限并且防止镀浴的非所需的分解。
根据式(1)的稳定剂的浓度优选在0.05到5.0mmol/l的范围内,更优选为0.1到2.0mmol/l。
根据本发明的无电镀浴组合物中不含有毒重金属元素铅、铊、镉及汞的离子。
根据本发明的镀浴中可包括其它材料,例如pH缓冲剂、润湿剂、促进剂、增亮剂等。这些材料为此项技术所知的。
用于沉积三元和四元钴合金的无电镀浴可通过将成分(i)到(v)添加到水中来制备。或者,制备镀浴的浓缩物并且在用于电镀操作之前进一步用水稀释。
根据本发明的无电镀浴的pH值优选为7.5到12,更优选为8到11。
在钴合金沉积之前,对打算用来自根据本发明的镀浴的三元或四元钴合金涂布的衬底进行清洁(预处理)。预处理的类型取决于打算涂布的衬底材料。
用蚀刻清洁方法处理铜或铜合金表面,所述方法通常是在酸性氧化溶液(例如硫酸和过氧化氢的溶液)中进行。优选地,此可结合另一种在酸性溶液(例如硫酸溶液)中的清洁进行,所述另一种清洁是在蚀刻清洁之前或之后使用。
对于铝和铝合金的预处理,可用不同的浸锌处理(zincation),例如清洁剂ACA、蚀刻剂MA、CFA或CF(全部得自阿托科技股份有限公司(Atotech Deutschland GmbH)),其满足无氰化物化学品的工业标准。所述用于铝和铝合金的预处理方法例如揭示于US 7,223,299 B2中。
出于本发明的目的,在沉积三元或四元钴合金层之前对衬底金属或金属合金表面应用另一活化步骤可为有用的。所述活化溶液可包含钯盐,其产生薄的钯层。所述钯层极薄并且通常不会覆盖整个铜或铜合金表面。其并不被视为层组合件的一个独特层,而是起到活化作用,其形成金属晶种层。所述晶种层的厚度通常为几埃。通过浸没交换方法将所述晶种层电镀到铜或铜合金层上。
如果打算将三元或四元钴合金层自根据本发明的镀浴沉积到例如二氧化硅表面等电介质表面上,那么用例如钯晶种层进行表面活化也是合适的。
接着,通过无电镀将选自Co-M-P、Co-M-B及Co-M-B-P合金的三元或四元钴合金沉积到经活化的衬底表面上。M优选地选自由Mn、Zr、Re、Mo、Ta及W组成的群组。三元或四元钴合金更优选地选自由Co-Mo-P、Co-W-P、Co-Mo-B、Co-W-B、Co-Mo-B-P及Co-W-B-P合金组成的群组。最优选钴合金为Co-Mo-P和Co-W-P合金。
通过将衬底浸没于根据本发明的镀浴中来将三元或四元钴合金沉积到经预处理的衬底表面上。适合于浸没的方法是将衬底浸入镀浴中或将镀浴喷洒到衬底表面上。两种方法都是此项技术所知的。优选地,使镀浴保持在20到95℃范围内,更优选地在50到90℃范围的温度。电镀时间取决于打算达到的三元或四元钴合金层的厚度并且优选为1到60分钟。
由根据本发明的镀浴沉积的三元或四元钴合金层的厚度优选在0.03到5.0μm的范围内,更优选为0.1到3.0μm。
以下非限制性实例进一步说明本发明。
实例
制备实例1
制备3-(丙-2-炔基氧基)-丙基-1-磺酸钠盐(根据式(1)的化合物,其中n=3,m=3,R1、R2及R3=H,X=O并且Y=磺酸盐,其中R4=钠):
在氩气下将1.997g(49.9mmol)氢化钠悬浮于70ml THF中。在周围温度下向此反应混合物中逐滴添加2.830g(49.9mmol)丙-2-炔-1-醇。
氢气析出结束后,在周围温度下逐滴添加6.1g(49.9mmol)溶解于15ml THF中的1,2-氧硫杂环戊烷-2,2-二氧化物。添加后,再搅拌反应混合物12小时并在真空下移除THF。用乙酸乙酯萃取固体残余物并过滤。在真空下干燥固体。
获得9.0g(44.9mmol)黄色固体(90%产率)。
制备实例2
制备3-(丙-2-炔基氨基)-丙基-1-磺酸钠盐(根据式(1)的化合物,其中n=3,m=3,R1、R2及R3=H,X=NH,且Y=SO3R5,其中R5=钠):
将4g(71.2mmol)丙-2-炔-1-胺溶解于75ml THF中并冷却到0℃。在0℃到5℃下向此混合物中逐滴添加8.87g(71.2mmol)溶解于25ml THF中的1,2-氧硫杂环戊烷2,2,-二氧化物。添加后,将反应混合物加热到室温并搅拌12小时。过滤产生的米色晶体并用10ml THF和10ml乙醇洗涤。在真空下干燥固体。
获得10.2g(57.6mmol)米色固体(81%产率)。
测定无电镀浴的稳定性数值:
在500ml玻璃烧杯中,在搅拌下将250ml所研究的镀浴加热到80±1℃。接着,每30秒将1ml钯测试溶液(含20mg/l钯离子的去离子水)添加到镀浴中。当镀浴中形成灰色沉淀物并伴有气泡(此指示镀浴的非所需的分解)时,结束测试。
所研究的镀浴所达成的稳定性数值对应于以1ml增量添加到镀浴中直至形成灰色沉淀物的钯测试溶液的体积。
将实例1和4中的相应稳定剂添加到包含以下的水性镀浴储备溶液中:
实例1(比较)
不含任何稳定剂的水性镀浴储备溶液的稳定性数值为6。
实例2(比较)
将0.4mg/l铅离子添加到镀浴储备溶液中作为稳定剂。铅离子为用于无电镀浴中的一种典型稳定剂。
镀浴的稳定性数值为20。
实例3
添加140mg/l由制备实例1获得的3-(丙-2-炔基氧基)-丙基-1-磺酸钠盐作为稳定剂。
镀浴的稳定性数值为20。
因此,根据式(1)的稳定剂为用于无电沉积三元和四元钴合金的水性碱性镀浴的适合稳定剂。
实例4
添加50mg/l 3-(丙-2-炔基氨基)-丙基-1-磺酸钠盐(由制备实例2获得)作为稳定剂。
镀浴的稳定性数值为20。
Claims (9)
1.一种用于三元和四元钴合金Co-M-P、Co-M-B及Co-M-B-P的无电沉积的水性碱性镀浴组合物,其中M选自由Mo及W组成的群组,所述镀浴组合物包含:
(i)钴离子来源,
(ii)M离子来源,
(iii)至少一种络合剂,其选自包含羧酸及其盐的群组,并且其中所述至少一种络合剂的浓度在0.01到0.3mol/L的范围内,
(iv)至少一种还原剂,其选自由次磷酸根离子、基于硼烷的还原剂及其混合物组成的群组,及
(v)根据式(1)的稳定剂:
其中X选自O和NR4,n在1到6的范围内,m在1到8的范围内;R1、R2、R3及R4独立地选自氢和C1到C4烷基;Y选自SO3R5、CO2R5及PO3R5 2,并且R5选自氢、钠、钾及铵,其中所述根据式(1)的稳定剂的浓度在0.05到5.0mmol/L的范围内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的水性碱性镀浴组合物,其中Y为SO3R5,其中R5选自氢、钠、钾及铵。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的水性碱性镀浴组合物,其中所述镀浴的pH值为7.5到12。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的水性碱性镀浴组合物,其中钴离子的浓度在0.01到0.2mol/L的范围内。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的水性碱性镀浴组合物,其中M离子的浓度在0.01到0.2mol/L的范围内。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的水性碱性镀浴组合物,其中所述至少一种络合剂选自包含羟基羧酸、氨基羧酸及上述各物的盐的群组。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的水性碱性镀浴组合物,其中所述至少一种还原剂的浓度在0.01到0.5mol/L的范围内。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的水性碱性镀浴组合物,其中所述至少一种还原剂为次磷酸根离子。
9.一种用于三元和四元钴合金Co-M-P、Co-M-B及Co-M-B-P的无电沉积的方法,其中M选自由Mo及W组成的群组,所述方法依序包含以下步骤:
(i)提供衬底,
(ii)将所述衬底浸没于根据权利要求1到8中任一权利要求所述的水性碱性镀浴组合物中,
及由此将三元或四元钴合金Co-M-P、Co-M-B及Co-M-B-P沉积到所述衬底上,其中M选自由Mo及W组成的群组。
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WO2013135396A3 (en) | 2014-05-30 |
KR20140134325A (ko) | 2014-11-21 |
TW201339364A (zh) | 2013-10-01 |
KR101821852B1 (ko) | 2018-01-24 |
US20140377471A1 (en) | 2014-12-25 |
JP2015510042A (ja) | 2015-04-02 |
WO2013135396A2 (en) | 2013-09-19 |
EP2639335A1 (en) | 2013-09-18 |
JP6099678B2 (ja) | 2017-03-22 |
TWI582266B (zh) | 2017-05-11 |
EP2639335B1 (en) | 2015-09-16 |
US8961670B2 (en) | 2015-02-24 |
CN104160064A (zh) | 2014-11-19 |
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