CN104159043A - Superspeed dual-frame image acquisition method - Google Patents
Superspeed dual-frame image acquisition method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104159043A CN104159043A CN201410386427.XA CN201410386427A CN104159043A CN 104159043 A CN104159043 A CN 104159043A CN 201410386427 A CN201410386427 A CN 201410386427A CN 104159043 A CN104159043 A CN 104159043A
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Abstract
The invention provides a superspeed dual-frame image acquisition method which comprises exposure time control and CCD high-speed dual-frame image acquisition. The CCD exposure time control process realizes conduction or blocking of incident light through an image intensifier and is mainly used for adjusting the lengths of two-time exposure time, starting or ending exposure of CCD photosensitive area pixels. The CCD high-speed dual-frame image acquisition process mainly relates to a particular CCD charge transferring method and a timing sequence driving method. Different from the regular CCD working process, during the CCD high-speed dual-frame image acquisition process, CCD firstly carries out double exposure, stores photogenerated charges generated by the double exposure into the photosensitive area pixels and a vertical register respectively, and continuously outputs dual frame images finally. According to the superspeed dual-frame image acquisition method, the time interval for gathering the two frame images is only related to the time for transferring the photogenerated charge exposed for the first time to the vertical register and can reach 100ns scale.
Description
Technical field
This invention relates to a kind of ultrahigh speed image-pickup method, particularly a kind of method that improves ICCD camera single acquisition number of image frames.
Background technology
ICCD is comprised of image intensifier, high pressure gate generator and CCD camera conventionally.Due to high-gain and the high-speed strobe characteristic of image intensifier, it is mainly used in low-light level imaging and transient state imaging field.In recent years, solid state cameras based on CMOS chip develops rapidly, frame rate is more and more faster, some even can reach 1,000,000 frames speed per second, but the raising along with its frame rate, in 1000000 frames situation per second, its pixel resolution is also significantly reduced to thousand pixel magnitudes, is difficult to meet Microsecond grade or nanosecond high speed image diagnostic field requirement of experiment.And ICCD possesses very high gating speed and pixel resolution, it is a kind of visual plant of Microsecond grade or nanosecond high speed image diagnostic field.Especially in ultrahigh speed physical phenomenon is studied as scientific and engineerings such as fusionplasma, alluvium Neo-Confucianism, fracture mechanics, discharge processes, it has a wide range of applications, and this technology has become the focus of various countries' research at present.But due to the restriction of its rear end CCD collected by camera frame rate, ICCD generally once can only gather a two field picture.This need to understand the research of the fast physical phenomenon of intermediate change process for some, and the collection of single-frame images is far from being enough.At present, the picture number of obtaining in order to improve ICCD, conventional method is the form that adopts highly integrated digital framing camera.Numeral framing camera utilizes optics beam splitting system to make image spatially separated, each passage adopts not image in the same time of ICCD cameras record, generally its number of active lanes has determined the number of image frames that it can single acquisition arrives, and its temporal resolution can reach nanosecond.But the method can not unconfinedly improve, because port number is more, divide light quantity fewer, simultaneity factor is more complicated.
More nearest bibliographical informations, abroad some mechanism finds out the two frame acquisition techniques of ICCD, and this technology can make ICCD continuous acquisition two width very short images interval time.But the specific implementation of the method but, in maintaining secrecy, cannot be learnt.The High Speed ICs CD camera design technology of China is also in developing stage, and abroad compares, and has larger gap.
Application ICCD obtains the two vertical frame dimension image in different resolution in Microsecond grade or the nanosecond time interval and exists technological difficulties to be: the reading speed of CCD is slow, its frame rate tens frames per second per second to thousand frames between, be difficult to meet this kind of king-sized demand of instantaneous picture data volume.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve ICCD under high speed imaging pattern, single triggers the difficult problem that can only obtain a two field picture, and the present invention proposes the two two field picture acquisition methods of a kind of ultrahigh speed.First the method utilizes image intensifier to realize double quick gating, make twice of the continuous instantaneous exposure of CCD, utilize photosensitive area and the memory block of CCD to store respectively the photogenerated charge that double exposure produces simultaneously, after completing double exposure, and then make twice of CCD continuous wave output, its readout can be a slow process, is independent of the exposure process of CCD, and the method has solved because the output of CCD pixel is slowly difficult to export a difficult problem for this super large instantaneous picture data volume.This technology also can be widely used in digital framing system, for significantly improving the collection frame number of system.
Technical solution of the present invention is:
The two two field picture acquisition methods of ultrahigh speed, its special character is: comprise the following steps:
1] system is in waiting for the state of gate gating signal, and now, image intensifier is in closed condition, and CCD is in continuous cleared condition, and photogenerated charge is not accumulated in CCD photosensitive area; Described system is image capturing system or the digital framing camera high speed imaging system based on interline transfer type CCD design, and its photosensitive area pixel is corresponding one by one with vertical register, and alternately;
2] gate gating signal arrives, and image intensifier is opened, and CCD jumps out cleared condition, and photosensitive area pixel starts to expose for the first time;
3] for the first time after end exposure, image intensifier is closed, and the photogenerated charge that CCD photosensitive area is produced is transferred in vertical register, and the view data of exposure is temporarily stored in vertical register for the first time;
4] after photogenerated charge has shifted, second gate gating signal arrives, and image intensifier is opened again, makes CCD photosensitive area pixel start to expose for the second time, in CCD photosensitive area, produces new photogenerated charge;
5] image intensifier is closed again, and incident light is blocked, and makes CCD photosensitive area pixel stop exposure;
6] the first frame image data in temporary vertical register is read through horizontal register, it is motionless that the second two field picture still keeps in photosensitive area;
7] the first frame image data, after horizontal register is read, is transferred to the photogenerated charge of CCD photosensitive area in vertical register, and the view data that is about to exposure is for the second time transferred in vertical register;
8] the second frame image data in vertical register is read through horizontal register.
Above-mentioned image intensifier is operated in the state of instantaneous repetition, realizes the quick gating at double ultra-short Time interval; The described the shortest opening time of image intensifier is nanosecond, shortest time interval hundred nanosecond between twice unlatching.
Photogenerated charge in the photogenerated charge of generation of exposure is for the first time transferred to vertical register after, can enter immediately exposure for the second time.
Said system is the image capturing system based on the two-phase of interline transfer type or heterogeneous CCD design.
The electronics reset signal of CCD, only for waiting for cleared condition, is not used in the exposure of controlling CCD.
CCD, after completing double exposure, then exports two two field pictures successively.
The beneficial effect that the present invention has:
1, the method can be applied to, in ICCD system, also can be applicable to the high speed imaging systems such as digital framing camera, significantly improves its single acquisition efficiency.
2, only to transfer to time of vertical register relevant with the photogenerated charge of exposure for the first time for the acquisition interval between the inventive method two two field pictures, and the time interval can reach hundred nanosecond.
3, the inventive method can keep the spatial resolution of CCD, obtains the full resolution image of two frames.
4, the present invention adopts interline transfer type CCD, designs special driving sequential, changes the branch mode of CCD internal charge, and without changing external hardware, can realize, and therefore has applicability widely.
5, the inventive method can utilize business CCD cheaply to realize, and cost performance is high.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that ICCD forms structural representation; Wherein, S1 is image intensifier, and S2 is gate generator, and S3 is CCD;
Fig. 2 is interline transfer CCD structural representation; Wherein, I1 is photosensitive area, and I2 is vertical register, and I3 is horizontal register;
The two two field picture acquisition methods of Fig. 3 ultrahigh speed are realized schematic diagram; Wherein, P1 is gate gating signal, and P2 is improved CCD driving method.
Embodiment
The present invention proposes the two two field picture acquisition methods of a kind of ultrahigh speed, it can be divided into control and at a high speed two two aspects of image frame grabber of CCD of time for exposure.
The control procedure of CCD time for exposure realizes conducting or the blocking-up of incident light by image intensifier, be mainly used in regulating the exposure of length, unlatching or the termination CCD photosensitive area pixel of double exposure time.
The at a high speed two image frame grabber processes of CCD relate to a kind of special CCD charge transfer method and sequential driving method, different from the conventional CCD course of work, CCD first double exposes, then the photogenerated charge of twice generation is stored in respectively in photosensitive area pixel and vertical register, finally this two two field picture of continuous wave output again.
The working method of the inventive method can specifically describe and be:
1] system is in waiting for the state of gate gating signal, and now, image intensifier is in closed condition, and CCD is in continuous cleared condition, and photogenerated charge is not accumulated in CCD photosensitive area;
2] gate gating signal arrives, and image intensifier is opened, and CCD jumps out cleared condition, and photosensitive area pixel starts to expose for the first time;
3] for the first time after end exposure, image intensifier is closed, and the photogenerated charge that CCD photosensitive area is produced is transferred in vertical register, and the view data of exposure is temporarily stored in vertical register for the first time;
4] after photogenerated charge has shifted, second gate gating signal arrives, and image intensifier is opened again, makes CCD photosensitive area pixel start to expose for the second time, in CCD photosensitive area, produces new photogenerated charge;
5] image intensifier is closed again, and incident light is blocked, and makes CCD photosensitive area pixel stop exposure;
6] the first frame image data in temporary vertical register is read through horizontal register, it is motionless that the second two field picture still keeps in photosensitive area;
7] the first frame image data, after horizontal register is read, is transferred to the photogenerated charge of CCD photosensitive area in vertical register, and the view data that is about to exposure is for the second time transferred in vertical register;
8] the second frame image data in vertical register is read through horizontal register.
The inventive method realizes the double quick gating of incident light by image intensifier, control the exposure of CCD.
The photogenerated charge that exposure produces is for the first time transferred in vertical register, and the photogenerated charge that exposure produces for the second time is first temporarily stored in the pixel of photosensitive area, completes after double exposure, then read successively two two field pictures in CCD photosensitive area.
The time interval of CCD double exposure does not comprise the time of image level readout, the time interval of double exposure, only to transfer to time of vertical register relevant with the photogenerated charge of exposure for the first time, after in the photogenerated charge of the generation of exposure is for the first time transferred to vertical register, can enter exposure for the second time.
The method, based on interline transfer type CCD design, can be two-phase or heterogeneous CCD, and photosensitive area pixel is corresponding one by one with vertical register, and alternately.
The present invention proposes the two two field picture acquisition methods of a kind of ultrahigh speed, be mainly used in the frame number that improves ICCD single acquisition.As shown in Figure 1, as can be seen from the figure, system is comprised of following three important functional units the composition structure of ICCD: gate generator S2, image intensifier S1, coupler S4, CCDS3 camera.Image intensifier plays exposure control unit, and gate generator provides negative high voltage pulse for image intensifier, controls the opening and closing of image intensifying, and CCD camera is realized opto-electronic conversion, and input light is converted to digital picture.
Image intensifier is comprised of entrance window, photocathode, microchannel plate, phosphor screen, and it has two Main Functions that improve the gain of light and Time gating.When its conducting, photocathode converts incident light to photoelectron, and microchannel plate strengthens photoelectron, and phosphor screen is converted to visible ray by photoelectron, and the light after enhancing arrives CCD photosurface, and when it is closed, light will be blocked, and cannot arrive CCD surface.Investigation shows, the minimum shutter width of third generation image intensifying at present can be less than 2ns, and the fluoroscopic blanking time of P47 material can be less than 100ns, the instantaneous repetition (burst mode) of image intensifier simultaneously can reach the above (image intensifier that for example Stanford reports of MHz, its burst mode can reach 3.3MHz, so can utilize image intensifier to obtain the quick gating at double ultra-short Time interval, the time interval can reach hundred nanosecond.The inventive method can utilize image intensifier to realize double quick gating, makes twice of the continuous instantaneous exposure of CCD.
CCD camera is based on interline transfer type CCD chip design, and as shown in Figure 2, wherein 11 is photosensitive areas to its structure, for the light of incident representative image is thereon changed into photogenerated charge; The 12nd, vertical register, corresponding one by one with photosensitive area pixel, carried out shading treatment, the electric charge shifting for storing photosensitive area; The 13rd, serial shift register mode area, for migrating out ccd sensor by the electric charge of memory block by the pixel serial on row.Transfer gate is connecting photosensitive area pixel and vertical register, is the passage that photogenerated charge shifts to vertical register from photosensitive area.Because photogenerated charge is from photosensitive area to vertical register transfer time very short (shortest time can reach for tens nanoseconds), so as long as image intensifier realize double quick gating interval greater than photogenerated charge from photosensitive area to vertical register transfer time, just likely utilize the photosensitive area of CCD and memory block to store respectively the photogenerated charge that twice ultra-short Time interval exposure produces.
The inventive method realize schematic diagram as shown in Figure 3.Its detailed operation process is described below:
Step 1: system is in waiting for the state of gate gating signal, and now, image intensifier is in closed condition, and CCD is in continuous cleared condition, and photogenerated charge is not accumulated in CCD photosensitive area;
Investigation shows, many interline transfer type CCD have electronic shutter function, its basic principle is that the control signal when electronic shutter is when effective, for example, when the SUB signal of ICX285CCD chip is low level, the raw electric charge of the photosensitive electric charge that photosensitive area pixel produces or heat will be released by substrate from potential well, therefore when the control signal continuous effective of electronic shutter, it constantly cleans CCD photosensitive area, and photosensitive area pixel can not be accumulated photogenerated charge by integration.Before synchronous triggering signal arrives, system is always in this state.
Step 2: gate gating signal arrives, image intensifier is opened, and CCD jumps out cleared condition, and photosensitive area pixel starts to expose for the first time;
After triggering signal arrives, image intensifier is opened, and by add negative high voltage pulse to image intensifier, opens, light arrives the photosensitive area of CCD by image intensifier, now, electronic shutter control signal disappears, make CCD jump out cleared condition, photosensitive area pixel is accumulated photogenerated charge by the mode by integration.
Step 3: after end exposure, image intensifier is closed for the first time, the photogenerated charge that CCD photosensitive area is produced is transferred in vertical register, and the view data of exposure is temporarily stored in vertical register for the first time;
Image intensifier is closed, for the first time after end exposure.Transfer gate is opened, and photogenerated charge is transferred to vertical register from photosensitive area.Transfer gate is present in each pixel, and its unlatching can be read transfer pulse unification by one and be controlled, or shifts separately control of pulse by several reading.Its pulse duration can be very short, its shortest time can reach tens nanoseconds can speed.
Step 4: after photogenerated charge has shifted, second gate gating signal arrives, and image intensifier is opened again, makes CCD photosensitive area pixel start to expose for the second time, produces new photogenerated charge in CCD photosensitive area;
After step 3 completes, transfer gate is closed, and image intensifier is opened, the CCD photosensitive area accumulation photogenerated charge that exposure produces for the second time.
Step 5: image intensifier is closed again, incident light is blocked, and makes CCD photosensitive area pixel stop exposure;
Image intensifier is closed and is referred to by external control unit the incident light on CCD is disappeared, and CCD can not continue to produce the process of photogenerated charge.In ICCD system, if when image intensifier does not add high pressure pulse, it will be in closed condition, and light will be blocked, thereby CCD will not receive light, and photosensitive area pixel can not produce photogenerated charge.
Step 6: the first frame image data in temporary vertical register is read through horizontal register, and it is motionless that the second two field picture still keeps in photosensitive area;
This step is similar with the readout of CCD under normal mode.Under it and normal mode, the difference of the readout of CCD is: do not use reset signal to clean photosensitive area, and twice of continuous wave output.The normal output procedure of image of interline transfer type CCD generally comprises two basic processes: transfer to vertically downward horizontal register and export by pixel by horizontal register.These two processes are controlled (as H by vertical transitions pulse (as V1, V2, V3, V4 etc.) and horizontal transfer pulse respectively
1, H
2deng).Vertical register is under vertical transitions pulse is controlled (V1, V2, V3 etc.), transferring to downwards in horizontal register of a line a line, then by horizontal amplifier, output to line by line rear end, AD analog to digital converter can be crossed in rear end, and analog signal is converted to digital signal.
Step 7: the first frame image data, after horizontal register is read, is transferred to the photogenerated charge of CCD photosensitive area in vertical register, the view data that is about to exposure is for the second time transferred in vertical register;
After step 6 finishes, now the photogenerated charge in vertical register has been transferred totally, be that vertical register is in idle condition, by reading, shift the unlatching of pulse (for example XSG control impuls in ICX285CCD) controls metastasis door, the photoproduction of the generation of exposure is for the second time transferred in vertical register.
Step 8: the second frame image data in vertical register is read through horizontal register.
Class, with in step 6, is exported the second frame image data.Step 6 and step 8 are processes at a slow speed, do not have influence on and utilize the present invention to obtain two two field pictures at ultra-short Time interval.
The inventive method relates to a kind of special CCD and drives sequential, and its principle is as shown in P2 process in Fig. 3, and the difference of the driving sequential under it and ICCD triggered as normal pattern is:
(1) electronic shutter reset signal is not used in the control of double exposure time, only for waiting for zero clearing;
(2) photogenerated charge that exposure produces is for the first time transferred to after vertical register, not output immediately, but photosensitive area pixel starts to expose for the second time;
(3) for the second time after end exposure, CCD continuous wave output twice, the successively image of output double exposure.
Claims (6)
1. two two field picture acquisition methods of ultrahigh speed, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
1] system is in waiting for the state of gate gating signal, and now, image intensifier is in closed condition, and CCD is in continuous cleared condition, and photogenerated charge is not accumulated in CCD photosensitive area; Described system is image capturing system or the digital framing camera high speed imaging system based on interline transfer type CCD design, and its photosensitive area pixel is corresponding one by one with vertical register, and alternately;
2] gate gating signal arrives, and image intensifier is opened, and CCD jumps out cleared condition, and photosensitive area pixel starts to expose for the first time;
3] for the first time after end exposure, image intensifier is closed, and the photogenerated charge that CCD photosensitive area is produced is transferred in vertical register, and the view data of exposure is temporarily stored in vertical register for the first time;
4] after photogenerated charge has shifted, second gate gating signal arrives, and image intensifier is opened again, makes CCD photosensitive area pixel start to expose for the second time, in CCD photosensitive area, produces new photogenerated charge;
5] image intensifier is closed again, and incident light is blocked, and makes CCD photosensitive area pixel stop exposure;
6] the first frame image data in temporary vertical register is read through horizontal register, it is motionless that the second two field picture still keeps in photosensitive area;
7] the first frame image data, after horizontal register is read, is transferred to the photogenerated charge of CCD photosensitive area in vertical register, and the view data that is about to exposure is for the second time transferred in vertical register;
8] the second frame image data in vertical register is read through horizontal register.
2. the two two field picture acquisition methods of ultrahigh speed according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described image intensifier is operated in the state of instantaneous repetition, realize the quick gating at double ultra-short Time interval; The described the shortest opening time of image intensifier is nanosecond, shortest time interval hundred nanosecond between twice unlatching.
3. two two field picture acquisition methods of ultrahigh speed according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: photogenerated charge in the photogenerated charge of the generation of exposure is for the first time transferred to vertical register after, can enter immediately exposure for the second time.
4. the two two field picture acquisition methods of ultrahigh speed according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described system is the image capturing system based on the two-phase of interline transfer type or heterogeneous CCD design.
5. according to the two two field picture acquisition methods of the ultrahigh speed described in claim 1 or 3 or 4, it is characterized in that: the electronics reset signal of CCD, only for waiting for cleared condition, is not used in the exposure of controlling CCD.
6. according to the two two field picture acquisition methods of the ultrahigh speed described in claim 1 or 3 or 4, it is characterized in that: CCD, after completing double exposure, then exports two two field pictures successively.
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| CN114567772A (en) * | 2022-02-23 | 2022-05-31 | 西北核技术研究所 | Method and system for measuring optical gating time characteristic of image intensifier |
| CN115469115A (en) * | 2022-11-14 | 2022-12-13 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心设备设计与测试技术研究所 | Fluorescence detection method and device |
| CN115469115B (en) * | 2022-11-14 | 2023-01-31 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心设备设计与测试技术研究所 | Fluorescence detection method and device |
| CN116600211A (en) * | 2023-06-09 | 2023-08-15 | 苏州洞悉科技有限公司 | Imaging system |
| CN116600211B (en) * | 2023-06-09 | 2024-01-02 | 苏州洞悉科技有限公司 | Imaging system |
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