CN107071309A - A kind of high speed double width pulse image exposure method directly controlled based on CCD electrodes - Google Patents
A kind of high speed double width pulse image exposure method directly controlled based on CCD electrodes Download PDFInfo
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- CN107071309A CN107071309A CN201710316120.6A CN201710316120A CN107071309A CN 107071309 A CN107071309 A CN 107071309A CN 201710316120 A CN201710316120 A CN 201710316120A CN 107071309 A CN107071309 A CN 107071309A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/50—Control of the SSIS exposure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/70—Circuitry for compensating brightness variation in the scene
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of high speed double width pulse image exposure method directly controlled based on CCD electrodes, LED pulse image passes through imaging lens, is then imaged in CCD camera；Generation, transfer and transmission for CCD normal signal charge packets, a kind of transfer of design, transmission driver' s timing within extremely short ineffective time in the middle of double exposure driving pulse, the isolation of signal charge bag is carried out in the later stage of exposed pulse invalid period using the function of transfer electrode isolation signals charge packet, the signal charge bag produced so as to play double exposure is the effect that can be differentiated, and the normal transfer and transmission that signal charge bag is realized in exposed pulse invalid period are met, and then obtain a kind of imaging capability of the ultrahigh time resolution of double width pulse diagram picture.Influence of the present invention without image intensifier to the compression of the dynamic range of signal and additional additional noise, has played the imaging performances of CCD in itself to greatest extent, meets higher science imaging requirements.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the image exposure control field for being related to framing camera in ultra-speed shooting technology, and in particular to a kind of
The high speed double width pulse image exposure method directly controlled based on CCD electrodes.
Background technology
In ultra-speed shooting technology and system, superfast photographic frequency is generally realized using high-speed multi-frame camera,
So high-speed multi-frame camera is a kind of necessary equipment for realizing high-speed photography.In general, the height in ultra-speed shooting field
Fast framing camera mainly has two major classes, and a class is by Amici prism or light splitting pyramid, multiple has high-speed shutter control function
Camera and SECO control system composition, the photographic frequency of this class can be very high；It is another kind of, it is high-speed figure camera,
In the case of certain resolving power, its working frequency is relatively low, is far from the object that patent of the present invention is directed to.For first
Class, the output that incident imaging light wire harness is mainly carried out light splitting to obtain multichannel by beam splitting system therein such as prism or pyramid is imaged
Light shafts and final multiple image planes that spatially acquisition has been separated, corresponding multiple cameras are placed in these image planes, are formed
A kind of image framing effect.And the camera with high-speed shutter control function is generally made up of ICCD cameras, this is one kind in CCD
Install a kind of high speed optoelectronic device for being referred to as image intensifier before camera additional, primarily serve shutter control and to brightness of image
Enhanced effect is carried out, the speed of image exposure is controlled by it, so as to also determine photographic frequency：By to multiple ICCD cameras
Time for exposure be controlled, it is possible to a kind of effect of multiple image sequential exposure is reached, so as to obtain a series of image.
Experiment for a long time is it has been proved that in such a system, as a result of ICCD cameras, also due to the magazine figures of ICCD
The reason for image intensifier, the spatial resolution for generally resulting in camera chain declines 2 times in itself relative to the CCD of equal resolving power
More than；Meanwhile, also due to the reason for image intensifier is to the humidification of brightness, causes the dynamic range of signals of image to be pressed
Contract, and noise level also increases, and causes signal noise ratio (snr) of image to decline；On the other hand, due to the limit of the effective imaging surface of image intensifier
System, is also relatively difficult to obtain larger image planes；And the beam splitting system used in camera chain, it also can further weaken incident imaging
The energy of light shafts, causes system sensitivity to reduce.In such a system, the imaging of a set of said structure of piece image correspondence
Branch roads system；How many road be accomplished by and are so imaged branch roads system for how many width image, therefore system is typically huger, complexity.
In general, in traditional high-speed multi-frame camera system, due to the performance reason of structural principle and key component, its spatial discrimination
Power, signal to noise ratio all can not can always be met some higher imaging requirements, to a certain degree by a certain degree of influence
On, how there are high speed, high resolution, high imaging performance, big picture these performances simultaneously, be during high speed photography is studied
Major issue, be also intended to solve but the problem of fail to realize always.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of high speed double width pulse image exposure side directly controlled based on CCD electrodes
Method, solve existing high speed video system presence can not have high speed, high resolution, high imaging performance, big picture simultaneously
The problem of.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of high speed double width pulse image exposure method directly controlled based on CCD electrodes, is comprised the following steps：
(a) LED pulse image passes through imaging lens, is then imaged in CCD camera；
(b) generation, transfer and transmission for CCD normal signal charge packets, the nothing in the middle of double exposure driving pulse
A kind of transfer, transmission driver' s timing are set in the effect time, using transfer electrode isolation signals charge packet in exposed pulse dynamic stage
Between carry out the isolation of signal charge bag it is and invalid in exposed pulse so that the signal charge that produces of double exposing is differentiated
Period realizes the normal transfer and transmission of signal charge bag, so obtain a kind of ultrahigh time resolution of double width pulse diagram picture into
As ability.
A kind of traditional framing camera typical structure of ultrahigh speed two is as shown in figure 1, in such frame imaging system, lead
Imaging beam after imaging lens is divided into by two separated beams of space by the Amici prism in figure or light splitting pyramid,
A branch of imaging beam therein is moved on along original light path, is imaged on an ICCD camera and is obtained piece image, another
Beam imaging beam is imaged on another ICCD camera through a speculum or reflecting prism and obtains another piece image, if empty
Between allow, this ICCD camera can be put into the direction just to Amici prism, then can save reflecting prism.Again by gating soon
System processed produces two control pulses for being synchronized with pulsed illumination image and goes to control the open and close of image intensifier, it is possible to
The luminescent image of correspondence time is obtained, as shown in Figure 2.In such a system, picture rate is mainly by control image intensifier
The time width of the pulse of open and close and interval determine that the working frequency of CCD camera is not the main of limitation high-speed photography
Factor, it is to preserve image that it, which is acted on, in such a system, due to the application and light splitting of ICCD cameras, although
Photographic frequency can be higher, but reduces picture quality, and spatial resolution, signal to noise ratio decline, and image planes size is by image intensifier
Limitation, it is also not possible to it is larger, and a kind of present invention CCD with line interleaved structure of selection, the driving progress to its related electrode
The design of driver' s timing：Only with the imaging lens of a routine as imaging optical system, use Amici prism or divide
Light pyramid etc. is used for the optical element of light splitting, and the imaging performance and efficiency of optical system are maintained to greatest extent, is conducive to figure
As the raising of signal to noise ratio；Simple imaging system significantly reduces the design difficulty and complexity of conventional framing optical imaging system
Degree, while also considerably reducing the development cost of imaging optical system, is meeting the situation of two picture frame imaging requirements
Under, the structure that it is same as common camera optical system is extremely simple, easy to use, because the control of image exposure is by CCD
Electrode is directly carried out rather than can further dropped quickly but price prohibitively expensive image intensifier is realized using speed
The cost that low Ultra High Speed Photographic System is built；Although controlling speed slower than image intensifier, without image enhaucament
The link of device, but greatly maintains the performance for the spatial resolution that CCD has in itself；Meanwhile, without image intensifier
The influence of compression to the dynamic range of signal and additional additional noise, this mode is also played to greatest extent
The imaging performances of CCD in itself, and higher science imaging requirements can be met；The present invention is only with an imaging lens and need not divide
Photosystem, the image intensifier without complex and expensive, the two images of acquisition are entered without further image registration process
Row position registration, and image property can reach CCD peer-levels, in the superelevation that width number is few, speed is fast, image quality requirement is high
There is preferable application prospect in speed photography, it is possible to science imaging requirements are met, because CCD is excellent in terms of image quality
Performance, if its performance can be given full play of in ultra-speed shooting technology, with suitable meaning.By to CCD works
Make the analysis of principle, for the CCD of some structure types, it is proposed that a kind of directly its electrode to be driven control to be connected
The method of the high speed imaging effect of continuous two images, had both reached former CCD imaging performance, the high speed of two images is obtained again
Imaging capability.
Specifically, the step (b) is realized in：
(b1) groundwork time zone is divided into tl-t8 totally 8 stages, when CCD camera does not work, no useful signal is applied
It is added on each electrode, when a trigger pulse burst starts mode of operation, CCD exposure electricity is produced by control circuit system
Driving pulse on the φ e of pole, if the high level correspondence exposure of the driving pulse is carried out, in t1 time zone, first exposure
Carry out；
(b2) in t2 time zones, exposed in first time in effective time, transfer electrode φ SH driving pulse is also changed into simultaneously
Effectively, cause to produce under exposure electrode φ e photoelectronic while also the photoelectron by first exposure generation is transferred to electrode
Under φ SH；,
(b3) in t3 time zones, expose the drive signal on electrode φ e and be changed into the invalid but upper signal holdings of transfer electrode φ SH
Effectively, it is no longer able to store photoelectron under exposure electrode φ e, and photoelectron is now all gathered in or is transferred to transfer electrode φ
Under SH；
(b4) in t4 time zones, a step pulse signal is applied by electrode φ sl, be will be stored under transfer electrode φ SH
Photoelectron transfer under electrode φ sl；
(b5) in t5 time zones, after the photoelectron under transfer electrode φ SH is all transmitted to electrode φ sl, it is spaced necessarily
Behind gap, apply a step pulse signal to electrode φ s2, the photoelectron under electrode φ sl is transferred to electrode φ s2；
(b6) in t6 time zones, the photoelectron being maintained under electrode φ sl is transferred under electrode φ s2 until shifting and finished, this
When the photoelectron signal bag that transmits isolate completely with exposure electrode φ e, while can be used for producing and deposit under exposure electrode φ e
Storage exposes the photoelectron of generation again, will not be with obscuring above；
(b7) in t7 time zones, the driving pulse on electrode φ sl is changed into invalid and on electrode φ s2 driving pulse and is changed into having
Effect so that photoelectron is fully transferred under electrode φ s2, and can no longer be influenceed independently according to sequential export by exposure time series；
(b8) in t8 time zones, the signal charge bag being transmitted in shading row because transfer electrode buffer action without
The influence of electrode is exposed, while being exposed the photoelectron of generation will have been stored under exposure electrode φ e, until next
Secondary transmission starts.
When inputting a trigger pulse burst, start sequence circuit work immediately：It is to enter exposure mode first, production
Effective drive signal of raw exposure electrode work under exposure electrode to form signal charge bag, and the time for exposure can root
According to needing to be configured, within the very short time before this exposure will terminate, produce a transfer control pulse and go driving
Transfer electrode, the signal charge bag now produced by current exposure will transfer under transfer electrode；Then, exposure mode failure,
Transfer electrode is remained valid work, while associated transport electrode also begins to effective work, now, the signal electricity that preceding exposure is produced
Pocket will continue to shift toward under transmission electrode；Then, exposure mode still keeps failure state, transfer electrode to be then changed into the shape that fails
State, and transmission electrode keeps effective working condition, then the signal charge bag that previous exposure is produced will be carried out under transmission electrode
Transmission step by step is until output CCD chip, due to the buffer action of transfer electrode, now these signal charge bags will not again with
Any charge packet under exposure electrode is mutually obscured；Afterwards, effective drive pulse signal of exposure electrode is produced again to enter the
Secondary exposure, the signal charge bag of generation is maintained under exposure electrode, when the charge packet that first time exposure is produced all is exported
The output for the signal charge bag that this exposure is produced is carried out after CCD again；It is normal according to CCD about the output timing of signal charge bag
The design of driving timing sequence of rule.In this process, extremely crucial is exactly the effective driving and transfer electrode for exposing electrode
Strict time relation effectively between driving, due to the buffer action of transfer electrode, can make the signal charge successively double exposed
Bag will not be obscured together, so as to produce the effect that a kind of double exposure can be differentiated, also just obtain to enter in time
Row differentiates the ability of two width pulsed illumination images, and time-resolved ability is just mainly determined by the width of transfer pulse,
In current level, this time-resolved ability can be easily attained 1 to 2 microsecond ranks, it is achieved that a kind of superelevation
The time framing effect of the two images of speed.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages and advantages：
A kind of high speed double width pulse image exposure method directly controlled based on CCD electrodes of the present invention, be using a piece of CCD
The fast imaging function of two width pulsed illumination images can be completed, and is obtained and the equal premium properties of CCD chip, one can be built
Plant efficient superfast two framing cameras or camera chain with high imaging performance.With conventional high-speed photography system phase
Than, in such a system, only with the imaging lens of a routine as imaging optical system, not using Amici prism or
Light splitting pyramid etc. is used for the optical element of light splitting, and the imaging performance and efficiency of optical system are maintained to greatest extent, is conducive to
The raising of signal noise ratio (snr) of image；Simple imaging system significantly reduces the design difficulty of conventional framing optical imaging system and answered
Miscellaneous degree, while also considerably reducing the development cost of imaging optical system, is meeting the feelings of two picture frame imaging requirements
Under condition, the structure that it is same as common camera optical system is extremely simple, easy to use.On the other hand, due to the control of image exposure
System is directly to be carried out by CCD electrodes rather than can quickly but price prohibitively expensive image intensifier is realized using speed
, it reduce further the cost of Ultra High Speed Photographic System structure；Although controlling speed slower than image intensifier, do not have
The link of image intensifier, but greatly maintains the performance for the spatial resolution that CCD has in itself；Meanwhile, without
Influence of the image intensifier to the compression of the dynamic range of signal and additional additional noise, this mode is also to greatest extent
Ground has played the imaging performances of CCD in itself, and can meet higher science imaging requirements.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing described herein is used for providing further understanding the embodiment of the present invention, constitutes one of the application
Point, do not constitute the restriction to the embodiment of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is the framing camera structural representation of ultrahigh speed two conventional in the prior art；
Fig. 2 is the framing camera control timing diagram of ultrahigh speed two conventional in the prior art；
Fig. 3 is the CCD for the interlacing scan structure that the present embodiment is used configuration of electrodes signal；
Fig. 4 is the macroscopical sequential of CCD electrode drives pulse of the present invention and signal charge generation schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is each electrode hypograph exposure, generation, the detailed description schematic diagram of transmission under Fig. 4 sequential；
Fig. 6 is the macroscopical SECO schematic diagram to form the framing camera of ultrahigh speed two；
Fig. 7 is that the framing camera theory diagram of ultrahigh speed high-performance two based on the present invention is intended to.
Embodiment
For the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are more clearly understood, the present invention is made with reference to embodiment
Further to describe in detail, exemplary embodiment and its explanation of the invention is only used for explaining the present invention, is not intended as to this
The restriction of invention.
Embodiment
A kind of high speed double width pulse image exposure method directly controlled based on CCD electrodes of the present invention, Fig. 3 be it is a kind of in the ranks
The macroscopical arrangement schematic diagram of the CCD of transfer pixel and electrode, and simplify concrete structure and the finer distribution signal of electrode,
Wherein φ e represent the driving electrodes of exposure, and φ SH represent transfer electrode, and φ sl, φ s2 represent the transmission electrode of multistage, wherein
φ SH, φ s1, φ s2 electrodes are lighttight, and generation and transmission general principle of the signal charge in CCD are as follows：When φ e have
During effect, the photoelectron that incident light is produced will be assembled under it and form signal charge bag, when φ e are invalid, the letter of its lower aggregation
Number charge packet will be dissipated and disappeared, so that lossing signal.When φ e by effectively to invalid, φ SH simultaneously by it is invalid to it is effective when, believe
Number charge packet is transferred under φ SH electrodes；Then under φ sl, φ s2 driven, signal charge bag is transmitted and defeated step by step
Go out CCD to be digitized, finally obtain a digitized image, the present invention is carried out such as using the pixel and electrode of the CCD
Lower control：(a) LED pulse image passes through imaging lens, is then imaged in CCD camera；(b) CCD normal signal electric charges are directed to
The generation of bag, transfer and transmit, a kind of transfer of design, transmission are driven in extremely short ineffective time in the middle of the double exposure driving pulse
Dynamic sequential, signal charge bag is carried out using the function of transfer electrode isolation signals charge packet in the later stage of exposed pulse invalid period
Isolation so that play double exposure produce signal charge bag be the effect that can be differentiated, and meet it is invalid in exposed pulse
Period realizes the normal transfer and transmission of signal charge bag, so obtain a kind of ultrahigh time resolution of double width pulse diagram picture into
As ability.And the macroscopical schematic diagram of time relationship of electrode control pulse is as shown in figure 4, and marked groundwork time zone
Show, tl, t2-t8 in such as Fig. 4.When CCD does not work, no useful signal is put on each electrode.Burst when one
When trigger pulse starts this mode of operation, the driving pulse on CCD exposure electrode φ e is produced by control circuit system, it is assumed that
The high level correspondence exposure of driving pulse is carried out, the time zone that the t1 in such as Fig. 4 is represented, and now, first exposure is entered
OK, also such as the corresponding schematic diagrames of tl in Fig. 5；In order to shift the photoelectron signal of first exposure generation, it is necessary to effective in exposure
Apply an effective impulse in time on transfer electrode φ SH, now produce photoelectron under electrode φ e while also existing
Photoelectron produced by transfer is under electrode φ SH, as shown in the t2 in Fig. 5；Then, the drive signal on exposure electrode φ e becomes
Keep effective for signal on invalid but transfer electrode φ SH, be no longer able to store photoelectron under exposure electrode φ e, and photoelectron this
When be all gathered in or be transferred under transfer electrode φ SH, as shown in the t3 in Fig. 5；In order to photoelectron is transferred out step by step with
Prevent that it is back under exposure electrode φ e, in addition it is also necessary to apply the driving arteries and veins for meeting certain timing requirements by electrode φ sl, φ s2
Punching, as long as φ s2 are effective again after φ s1 are effective, as shown in t4-t7 in Fig. 4；When the photoelectron signal bag of transmission is complete
After exposure electrode isolation, as shown in the time zone later t6 in Fig. 4, then another exposure can be carried out under exposure electrode φ e
Light；In this process, t5 time zones play an important roll in Fig. 4, in the time zone, and exposure electrode φ e drivings are invalid, transfer
Electrode φ SH drivings are invalid, and transmission electrode φ s1 drivings are effective, and so, photoelectron signal charge packet is all gathered in transmission electricity
Under the φ s1 of pole or simultaneously to transmitting under transmission electrode φ s2, this show exposure electrode φ e and transmission electrode φ s1 now by
Transfer electrode φ SH separate, and illustrate that exposing the photoelectron hereafter produced under electrode φ e will not seal under transmission electrode φ s1,
Illustrate that in next time zone next exposure can be carried out, as shown in the t6 in Fig. 5, the exposure image that now produces with above
Be distinguishable；During into time zone t7, the signal charge bag being transmitted in shading row is because of the buffer action of transfer electrode
Influence without being exposed electrode, transmission time sequence can be exported according to it and requires to carry out reading work, in Fig. 4, Fig. 5
T7, t8 institute.The present invention does not desynchronize to be exposed in LED pulse image, but by setting a kind of driving pulse sequential
The signal that dexterously make use of the control function of transfer pulse to produce front and rear two images carries out transfer transmission with isolating, its turn
Move past journey can quickly, in CCD, this transfer time can the low level to few tens of nano-seconds, this is also indicated that at two
Time between exposure can be very short, therefore, control the interval pass synchronous between this drivings of CCD of two exposures
System, this control mode is possible to realize the high-speed exposure function of two images, as shown in fig. 6, a kind of without dividing so as to realize
The framing camera of high-performance two of light, as shown in fig. 7, being compared to two framing camera shown in Fig. 1, part is greatly decreased, with
Common single channel photographic system is just the same, and its structure is extremely simple, can but give full play to CCD performances itself and optical system
Efficient performance, meets high performance imaging under certain use requirement.
Above-described embodiment, has been carried out further to the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect
Describe in detail, should be understood that the embodiment that the foregoing is only the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention
Protection domain, within the spirit and principles of the invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements done etc. all should be included
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of high speed double width pulse image exposure method directly controlled based on CCD electrodes, it is characterised in that including following step
Suddenly：
(a) LED pulse image passes through imaging lens, is then imaged in CCD camera；
(b) for CCD normal signal charge packets generation, transfer and transmit, double expose driving pulse in the middle of it is invalid when
It is interior that a kind of transfer, transmission driver' s timing are set, entered using transfer electrode isolation signals charge packet in exposed pulse invalid period
The isolation of row signal charge bag, so that the signal charge for the generation that double exposes is differentiated, and in exposed pulse invalid period
The normal transfer and transmission of signal charge bag are realized, and then obtains a kind of imaging energy of the ultrahigh time resolution of double width pulse diagram picture
Power.
2. a kind of high speed double width pulse image exposure method directly controlled based on CCD electrodes according to claim 1, its
It is characterised by what the step (b) was realized in：
(b1) groundwork time zone is divided into tl-t8 totally 8 stages, when CCD camera does not work, no useful signal is put on
On each electrode, when a trigger pulse burst starts mode of operation, CCD exposure electricity is produced by control circuit system first
An effective driving pulse on the φ e of pole, if the high level correspondence exposure of the driving pulse is carried out, in t1 time zone, the
One exposure is carried out；
(b2) in t2 time zones, exposed in first time in effective time, transfer electrode φ SH driving pulse is also changed into effective simultaneously,
Cause to produce under exposure electrode φ e photoelectronic while also the photoelectron by first exposure generation is transferred to electrode φ SH
Under；
(b3) in t3 time zones, expose the drive signal on electrode φ e and be changed into invalid but upper signals of transfer electrode φ SH and keep effectively,
It is no longer able to store photoelectron under exposure electrode φ e, and photoelectron is now all gathered in or is transferred under transfer electrode φ SH；
(b4) in t4 time zones, a step pulse signal, the light that will be stored under transfer electrode φ SH are applied by electrode φ sl
Electric transmission is under electrode φ sl；
(b5) in t5 time zones, after the photoelectron under transfer electrode φ SH is all transmitted to electrode φ sl, it is spaced certain gap
Afterwards, apply a step pulse signal to electrode φ s2, the photoelectron under electrode φ sl is transferred to electrode φ s2；
(b6) in t6 time zones, the photoelectron being maintained under electrode φ sl is transferred under electrode φ s2 until shifting and finished, and now passes
Defeated photoelectron signal bag is isolated with exposure electrode φ e completely, be can be used for producing and is stored again under electrode φ e while exposing
The photoelectron that secondary exposure is produced, will not be with obscuring above；
(b7) in t7 time zones, the driving pulse on electrode φ sl is changed into invalid and on electrode φ s2 driving pulse and is changed into effective,
So that photoelectron is fully transferred under electrode φ s2, and it can no longer be influenceed independently according to sequential export by exposure time series；
(b8) in t8 time zones, the signal charge bag being transmitted in shading row because transfer electrode buffer action without by
The influence of electrode is exposed, while being exposed the photoelectron of generation will have been stored under exposure electrode φ e, until next time
Transmission starts.
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| CN112040116A (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-12-04 | 清华大学 | Non-vision field dynamic imaging method and device based on aperture-division gating camera |
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