CN104141525A - 用于发动机的微粒过滤设备监视系统 - Google Patents
用于发动机的微粒过滤设备监视系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104141525A CN104141525A CN201410194301.2A CN201410194301A CN104141525A CN 104141525 A CN104141525 A CN 104141525A CN 201410194301 A CN201410194301 A CN 201410194301A CN 104141525 A CN104141525 A CN 104141525A
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- cigarette ash
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Classifications
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- F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/029—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a particulate filter
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N9/002—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus of filter regeneration, e.g. detection of clogging
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- F01N13/0093—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are of the same type
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
- F01N2330/06—Ceramic, e.g. monoliths
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- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
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- F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
- F01N2900/1606—Particle filter loading or soot amount
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- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
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- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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Abstract
一种用于发动机的微粒过滤设备监视系统包括:再生模式触发器模块,其被配置成基于微粒过滤设备中的烟灰累积设定再生请求;再生控制模块,其被配置成控制微粒过滤设备的再生;以及包括烟灰输出模型的烟灰输出模型模块,其被配置成计算在延长的发动机空转周期期间的烟灰输出速率的变化。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及发动机排放监视系统,并更具体地涉及用于发动机的微粒过滤设备监视系统。
背景技术
从内燃发动机(特别是柴油发动机)排放的排出气体是一种非均匀混合物,它包含气态排放,例如但不限于,一氧化碳(“CO”)、未燃烧的烃(“HC”)、和氮氧化物(“NOx”)以及构成柴油微粒物质(“PM”)的凝固相材料(液体和固体)。典型地被布置在催化剂支承或衬底上的催化剂组合物作为后处理系统的部分被提供在发动机排出气体系统中,以将这些排出气体构成中的某些或全部转化成非被调整的排出气体组分。
用于减少排放的一种类型的排出气体处理技术是柴油微粒过滤器(“DPF”)。DPF被设计成从柴油发动机的排出气体中去除柴油微粒物质或烟灰。从排出气体去除的柴油微粒物质被DPF捕获并夹带在DPF中。当累积的烟灰达到预定水平时,或者更换DPF或者再生DPF。更换或再生确保烟灰去除以要求的参数继续。
许多发动机包括具有烟灰输出模型的控制器,其预测DPF中的烟灰累积。烟灰输出监视器利用多种发动机工作参数以预测DPF中的烟灰累积水平。工作参数包括加速度的持续时间和数量、在高于空转的恒定RPM下工作的持续时间以及空转时间。不准确的烟灰累积预测可能导致对DPF过早的更换或清洗,或者烟灰无法以要求的水平被去除的工作状况。因此,要求提供一种在所有工作状况期间更准确地反应烟灰累积的烟灰输出模型。
发明内容
根据一示例性实施例,用于发动机的微粒过滤设备监视系统包括:再生模式触发器模块,其被配置成基于微粒过滤设备中的烟灰累积设定再生请求;再生控制模块,其被配置成控制微粒过滤设备的再生;以及包括烟灰输出模型的烟灰输出模型模块,其被配置成计算在延长的发动机空转周期期间的烟灰输出速率的变化。
根据另一示例性实施例,内燃发动机包括发动机,所述发动机包括:排出气体导管;流体连接至排出气体导管的微粒过滤设备;以及具有控制模块的微粒过滤设备监视系统,所述控制模块被配置成监视微粒过滤设备中的烟灰累积并执行再生模式。该控制模块包括:再生模式触发器,其被配置成基于微粒过滤设备中的烟灰累积设定再生请求;再生控制模块,其被配置成控制微粒过滤设备的再生;以及包括烟灰输出模型的烟灰输出模型模块,其被配置成计算在延长的发动机空转周期期间的烟灰输出速率的变化。
根据又一示例性实施例,讨论了一种监视微粒过滤设备中的微粒累积的方法。该方法包括:利用烟灰输出模型计算微粒过滤设备中的微粒的量;在延长的空转周期期间调节烟灰输出模型;并当微粒的量达到微粒阈值时再生微粒过滤设备。
本发明还包括如下方案:
1. 一种用于发动机的微粒过滤设备监视系统,包括:
再生模式触发器模块,其被配置成基于所述微粒过滤设备中的烟灰累积设定再生请求;
再生控制模块,其被配置成控制所述微粒过滤设备的再生;以及
包括烟灰输出模型的烟灰输出模型模块,其被配置成计算在延长的发动机空转周期期间的烟灰输出速率的变化。
2. 根据方案1所述的微粒过滤设备监视系统,其中,所述烟灰输出模型模块包括延长空转校正因数,所述延长空转校正因数校正在延长的空转周期期间的烟灰输出误差。
3. 根据方案2所述的微粒过滤设备监视系统,其中,所述延长空转校正因数包括被配置成调节所述烟灰输出模型的乘数,以考虑在延长的空转周期期间的烟灰输出速率的基本指数变化。
4. 根据方案1所述的微粒过滤设备监视系统,还包括:可操作地连接于所述再生控制模块的烟灰累积寄存器,所述烟灰累积寄存器被配置成存储微粒过滤器中的烟灰量,所述烟灰量是通过所述烟灰输出模型模块计算出的。
5. 根据方案4所述的微粒过滤设备监视系统,还包括:再生模式开关,其被配置成向所述再生模式触发器模块发信号以基于由所述烟灰输出模型模块计算出的微粒过滤器中的烟灰累积而发起再生模式转换。
6. 一种内燃发动机,包括:
包括排出气体导管的发动机;
流体地连接于所述排出气体导管的微粒过滤设备;以及
微粒过滤设备监视系统,其具有控制模块,所述控制模块被配置成监视所述微粒过滤设备中的烟灰累积并执行再生模式,所述控制模块包括:
再生模式触发器模块,其被配置成基于所述微粒过滤设备中的烟灰累积设定再生请求;
再生控制模块,其被配置成控制所述微粒过滤设备的再生;以及
包括烟灰输出模型的烟灰输出模型模块,其被配置成计算在延长的发动机空转周期期间的烟灰输出速率的变化。
7. 根据方案6所述的内燃发动机,其中,所述烟灰输出模型模块包括延长空转校正因数,所述延长空转校正因数校正在延长的空转周期期间的烟灰输出误差。
8. 根据方案7所述的内燃发动机,其中,所述延长空转校正因数包括被配置成调节所述烟灰输出模型的乘数,以考虑在延长的空转周期期间的烟灰输出速率的基本指数变化。
9. 根据方案6所述的内燃发动机,还包括:可操作地连接于所述再生控制模块的烟灰累积寄存器,所述烟灰累积寄存器被配置成存储微粒过滤器中的烟灰量,所述烟灰量是通过所述烟灰输出模型模块计算出的。
10. 如方案9所述的内燃发动机,还包括:再生模式开关,其被配置成向所述再生模式触发器模块发信号以基于由所述烟灰输出模型模块计算出的微粒过滤器中的烟灰累积而发起再生模式。
11. 一种监视微粒过滤设备中的微粒累积的方法,所述方法包括:
采用烟灰输出模型计算微粒过滤设备中的微粒的量;
调节在延长的空转周期期间的所述烟灰输出模型;以及
在所述微粒的量达到微粒的阈值时再生所述微粒过滤设备。
12. 根据方案11所述的方法,还包括:对于延长的空转周期的第一周期,用烟灰输出模型监视微粒输出,并对于所述延长的空转周期的第二周期,将延长空转校正因数施加至所述烟灰输出模型。
13. 根据方案12所述的方法,其中,施加所述延长空转校正因数包括将乘数施加至所述烟灰输出模型。
14. 根据方案13所述的方法,其中,施加所述乘数允许所述烟灰输出模型校正在所述延长空转的第二周期期间烟灰排放的基本指数增加。
15. 根据方案11所述的方法,其中,计算在微粒过滤设备中的所述微粒的量包括监视发动机速度。
16. 根据方案11所述的方法,其中,再生所述微粒过滤设备包括通过再生模式触发器模块设定请求。
17. 根据方案16所述的方法,还包括:一旦感测到所述再生控制触发器模块,激活被配置成控制所述微粒过滤设备再生的再生控制模块。
本发明前述特征和优势以及其它特征和优势当结合附图时能够从下面对本发明的详细描述中变得显而易见。
附图说明
其它特征、优势和细节仅作为示例出现在下面对实施例的详细描述中,该详细描述参照附图,在附图中:
图1是根据示例性实施例的包括控制模块的微粒过滤设备监视系统的示意图;
图2是根据示例性实施例的图1所示的控制模块的数据流图;
图3是绘出在延长的空转周期期间的微粒排放的曲线图;以及
图4是示出根据示例性实施例监视微粒过滤设备的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面的描述本质上仅为示例性的并且不旨在对本公开、其应用或用途构成限制。应当理解,在全部附图中,相应的附图标记表示相同或相应的部件和特征。如本文中使用的,术语“模块”指专用集成电路(ASIC)、电子电路、执行一个或多个软件或固件程序的处理器(共享、专用或成组的)和存储器、组合式逻辑电路和/或提供所描述的功能的其它合适组件。当在软件中执行时,模块可在存储器中具体化为可由处理电路读取并存储指令以供处理电路执行以执行一种方法的非临时机器可读存储介质。
现在参见图1,一示例性实施例指向一种用于内燃(“IC”)发动机12的微粒过滤设备监视系统10。排出气体导管14——它可以包括多个部段——将排出气体15从发动机12传输至各种后处理设备。更具体地,发动机12被配置成从空气进气通道22接受进气空气20。该进气空气通道22包括进气质量空气流传感器24,用以确定发动机12的进气空气质量。在一个实施例中,进气质量空气流传感器24或者可以是叶轮计量器或者可以是热丝式进气质量空气流传感器;然而要理解,也可使用其它类型的传感器。进气空气20与燃料(未示出)混合以形成可燃混合物。该可燃混合物在发动机12的燃烧室内被压缩至燃烧压从而产生功(即发动机输出)和排出气体15。排出气体15从发动机12通到微粒过滤设备监视系统10的各种后处理设备。
在图示的示例性实施例中,微粒过滤设备监视系统10的后处理设备包括第一氧化催化剂(“OC”)设备30、选择性催化还原(“SCR”)设备32、第二OC设备34以及微粒过滤(“PF”)设备36。如能理解的那样,本公开的微粒过滤设备监视系统10可包括如图1所示的后处理设备中和/或其它后处理设备(例如稀油NOx捕集器(lean NOx traps))中的一个或多个设备的各种组合,但不对当前示例构成限制。
第一OC设备30包括罩40,所述罩40具有与排出气体导管14流体连通的入口41以及出口42。罩40可围住流体通过的金属或陶瓷整体式衬底43。类似地,第二OC设备34包括具有入口46和出口47的罩45。罩45可围住流体通过的金属或陶瓷整体式衬底48。流体通过的金属或陶瓷整体式衬底43、48可包括布置在其上的氧化催化剂复合物。氧化催化剂复合物可作为涂覆涂层(wash coat)施加并可包含例如铂(“Pt”)、钯(“Pd”)、铑(“Rh”)的铂族金属或其它合适的氧化催化剂,或它们的组合。OC设备30、34有益于处理未燃的气态HC和CO,这些物质被氧化以形成二氧化碳和水。
SCR设备32可布置在第一OC设备30的下游和第二OC设备34的上游。以与OC设备30、34相同的方式,SCR设备32包括壳体或罐50,它容纳流体通过的陶瓷或金属整体式衬底51。罐50包括与第一OC设备30的出口42流体连通的入口52以及与第二OC设备34流体连通的出口53。衬底51可包括施加于此的SCR催化剂组合物。SCR催化剂组合物可包含沸石和一种或多种贱金属组成,例如铁(“Fe”)、钴(“Co”)、铜(“Cu”)或钒(“V”),它们可高效地工作以在诸如氨的还原剂存在时转换排出气体15中的NOx构成。
PF设备36可布置在SCR设备32和第二OC设备34的下游。PF设备36工作以过滤碳和其它微粒(烟灰)的排出气体15。PF设备36包括外壳56,所述外壳56具有流体耦接至第二OC设备34的出口47的入口57以及可排放至环境的出口58。外壳56可围住陶瓷壁流整体式过滤器59。陶瓷壁流整体式过滤器59可具有多个纵向延伸的通道(未单独标出),所述纵向延伸的通道由纵向延伸壁(同样未单独标出)界定。通道包括:具有敞开的入口端和闭合的出口端的入口通道的子集;以及具有闭合的入口端和敞开的出口端的出口通道的子集。通过入口通道的入口端进入过滤器59的排出气体15被迫使迁移通过毗邻的纵向延伸壁至出口通道。排出气体15是通过这种壁流机构过滤掉碳和其它微粒的。经过滤的微粒被沉积在入口通道的纵向延伸壁上,并随时间流逝将具有增加由发动机12经受的排出气体背压的效果。要理解,陶瓷壁流整体式过滤器59本质上仅为示例性的并且PF设备36可包括其它过滤器设备,例如缠裹或包裹的纤维过滤器、开孔泡沫、烧结的金属纤维等等。由整体式过滤器59中的微粒物质的累积造成的排出气体背压的增加一般要求定期地更换、清洗或再生PF设备36。再生涉及累积的碳和其它微粒在一般是高温环境(>600℃)下的氧化或燃烧。
控制模块60通过数个传感器可操作地连接至并监视发动机12和微粒过滤设备监视系统10。图1示出该控制模块60与发动机12、进气质量空气流传感器24、用于确定第一OC设备30的温度分布的第一和第二温度传感器62和64、用于确定SCR设备32的温度分布的第三和第四温度传感器66和68、用于确定第二OC设备34的温度分布的第五和第六温度传感器69和70、用于确定PF设备36的温度分布的第七和第八温度传感器72和74以及用于确定发动机速度和发动机加速度的转速计75通信。
控制模块60部分地确定PF设备36中的微粒物质或烟灰累积的量。PF设备36中的烟灰累积导致发动机12上的排出气体背压的增加。由整体式过滤器59中的烟灰累积造成的排出气体背压的增加一般要求定期地更换、清洗或再生PF设备36。再生涉及累积的碳或其它微粒在一般是高温环境(>600℃)下的氧化或燃烧。
根据本发明的一个示例性方面,控制模块60包括监视发动机12的工作参数的逻辑,所述工作参数包括温度、加速度以及排出气体质量流。排出气体质量流基于发动机12的进气空气质量(它是通过进气空气质量空气流传感器24测得的)以及发动机12的燃料质量流。具体地说,排出气体质量流是通过将发动机12的进气空气质量与发动机12的燃料质量流相加而计算出的。基于所监视的参数,控制模块60计算PF设备36中的烟灰累积。
图2是示出可嵌入在控制模块60中的各元件的数据流图的图示。根据本公开,图1的微粒过滤设备监视系统10的各实施例可包括嵌入在控制模块60内的任意数量的子模块。如所能理解的那样,图2所示的子模块也可被组合或被进一步细分。至控制模块60的输入可从微粒过滤设备监视系统10感测,从其它控制模块(未示出)接收,或通过其它子模块或模块确定。在图2所示的实施例中,控制模块60包括存储器102、再生控制模块104、再生模式触发器模块106、烟灰累积计数器模块108、空转时间计数器模块110、中断模块112和燃料注入控制模块114。控制模块60也包括再生模式开关116和烟灰累积寄存器118。
在一个实施例中,控制模块60的存储器102存储数个可配置的限值、映射和变量,这些限值、映射和变量用来计算烟灰累积并控制图1的PF设备36的再生。模块104-114中的每一个与存储器102形成接口以按需检索和更新所存储的值。例如,存储器102可向再生控制模块104提供值,以支持烟灰累积寄存器118中的烟灰负载和激活再生模式触发器106的阈值的确定,所述确定基于车辆工作状况120和排出气体状况122。
再生控制模块104可采用本领域内已知的算法,以当图1的PF设备36中的微粒的量到达特定阈值时确定何时置位再生模式开关116以激活再生模式触发器模块106。例如,当烟灰累积寄存器118中的烟灰负载超出存储器102中定义的阈值时,可置位再生模式开关116。图1的PF设备36的再生可根据连接至再生控制模块104的烟灰输出模型模块130而建立或受限。再生控制模块104将车辆工作状况120和排出气体状况122与烟灰输出模型模块130中提供的烟灰输出模型132进行比较,以计算PF设备36中的烟灰累积并确定何时指示再生循环。车辆工作状况120和排出气体状况122可通过传感器或其它模块提供。例如,第七和第八温度传感器72、74(图1所示)将电信号发送至图1的控制模块60,以指示图1的PF设备36的温度分布。也可使用例如发动机速度、排出气体温度、自从上一次再生后经过的时间、自从上一次再生后行进过的距离、自从上一次再生后消耗的燃料和建模的烟灰水平的因数来确定何时应当将再生模式开关116置位。
根据一示例性实施例,烟灰输出模型132包括延长空转校正因数133,它调整在延长的空转周期期间发生的烟灰输出速率的变化。如图3所示,微粒或烟灰输出对于延长或加长的周期的第一周期150以基本稳定的线性速率增加。在阈值160,对于延长的周期的第二部分170,烟灰输出以基本指数速率增加。延长空转校正因数133包括允许烟灰输出模型132调节在空转期间可能出现的烟灰输出速率误差的乘数,尤其是在第二部分170期间增加的烟灰排出。延长空转校正因数133允许烟灰输出模型132随着空转时间增加而改变烟灰输出速率以更准确地预测图1的PF设备36中的烟灰累积,以减少过早再生或更换的发生。
转向图4并继续参见图1、图2和图3,流程图示出监视图1的PF设备36中的微粒或烟灰累积的方法,该方法可根据本公开由图1的控制模块60执行。如鉴于本公开可以理解的那样,方法中的操作顺序不限于如图4所示的顺序执行,而是可以适用的一种或多种不同顺序并根据本公开来执行。也应当理解,在各实施例中,该方法可被安排以基于预定的事件运行,和/或在图1的发动机12的操作期间连续地运行。
在一个示例中,该方法可开始于框200。在框210,图1的控制模块60确定图1的发动机12是否正在工作。如果图1的发动机12正在工作,在框212,控制模块60向烟灰模型模块130发信号以计算图1的PF设备36中的烟灰累积。控制模块60在框214确定图1的发动机12是否处于延长的空转周期。如果不是,则烟灰输出模型模块130将计算出的烟灰累积值存储在图2的烟灰累积寄存器118中,如框216指示的那样。如果发动机12处于延长的空转周期,则烟灰输出模型模块130在框218将延长空转校正因数133施加至烟灰输出模型132,并且经校正的烟灰累积被存储在图2的烟灰累积寄存器118中。控制模块60在框220确定累积的烟灰值是否高于预定的阈值。如果累积的烟灰值低于该阈值,则控制模块60继续计算烟灰累积。然而,如果累积的烟灰值高于该阈值,则控制模块60向再生模式开关116发信号以对再生模式触发器模块106置位以开始激活再生控制模块104,如框230指示的那样。再生控制模块104开始再生过程以刷新陶瓷壁流整体式过滤器59。
尽管已经参照示例性实施例描述了本发明,但本领域技术人员将能理解可作出多种改变并且可以许多等效物来替代其元件而不脱离本发明的范围。此外,可对本发明的示教进行许多修改以适应具体情况或材料,而不脱离本发明的本质范围。因此,本发明不旨在受限于所公开的具体实施例,而本发明将包括落在应用的范围内的所有实施例。
Claims (10)
1. 一种用于发动机的微粒过滤设备监视系统,包括:
再生模式触发器模块,其被配置成基于所述微粒过滤设备中的烟灰累积设定再生请求;
再生控制模块,其被配置成控制所述微粒过滤设备的再生;以及
包括烟灰输出模型的烟灰输出模型模块,其被配置成计算在延长的发动机空转周期期间的烟灰输出速率的变化。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的微粒过滤设备监视系统,其中,所述烟灰输出模型模块包括延长空转校正因数,所述延长空转校正因数校正在延长的空转周期期间的烟灰输出误差。
3. 根据权利要求2所述的微粒过滤设备监视系统,其中,所述延长空转校正因数包括被配置成调节所述烟灰输出模型的乘数,以考虑在延长的空转周期期间的烟灰输出速率的基本指数变化。
4. 根据权利要求1所述的微粒过滤设备监视系统,还包括:可操作地连接于所述再生控制模块的烟灰累积寄存器,所述烟灰累积寄存器被配置成存储微粒过滤器中的烟灰量,所述烟灰量是通过所述烟灰输出模型模块计算出的。
5. 根据权利要求4所述的微粒过滤设备监视系统,还包括:再生模式开关,其被配置成向所述再生模式触发器模块发信号以基于由所述烟灰输出模型模块计算出的微粒过滤器中的烟灰累积而发起再生模式转换。
6. 一种内燃发动机,包括:
包括排出气体导管的发动机;
流体地连接于所述排出气体导管的微粒过滤设备;以及
微粒过滤设备监视系统,其具有控制模块,所述控制模块被配置成监视所述微粒过滤设备中的烟灰累积并执行再生模式,所述控制模块包括:
再生模式触发器模块,其被配置成基于所述微粒过滤设备中的烟灰累积设定再生请求;
再生控制模块,其被配置成控制所述微粒过滤设备的再生;以及
包括烟灰输出模型的烟灰输出模型模块,其被配置成计算在延长的发动机空转周期期间的烟灰输出速率的变化。
7. 根据权利要求6所述的内燃发动机,其中,所述烟灰输出模型模块包括延长空转校正因数,所述延长空转校正因数校正在延长的空转周期期间的烟灰输出误差。
8. 根据权利要求7所述的内燃发动机,其中,所述延长空转校正因数包括被配置成调节所述烟灰输出模型的乘数,以考虑在延长的空转周期期间的烟灰输出速率的基本指数变化。
9. 根据权利要求6所述的内燃发动机,还包括:可操作地连接于所述再生控制模块的烟灰累积寄存器,所述烟灰累积寄存器被配置成存储微粒过滤器中的烟灰量,所述烟灰量是通过所述烟灰输出模型模块计算出的。
10. 一种监视微粒过滤设备中的微粒累积的方法,所述方法包括:
采用烟灰输出模型计算微粒过滤设备中的微粒的量;
调节在延长的空转周期期间的所述烟灰输出模型;以及
在所述微粒的量达到微粒的阈值时再生所述微粒过滤设备。
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