CN104128600B - A kind of hot-work die laser in combination that is used for manufactures special powder and manufacturing process thereof - Google Patents

A kind of hot-work die laser in combination that is used for manufactures special powder and manufacturing process thereof Download PDF

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CN104128600B
CN104128600B CN201410325212.7A CN201410325212A CN104128600B CN 104128600 B CN104128600 B CN 104128600B CN 201410325212 A CN201410325212 A CN 201410325212A CN 104128600 B CN104128600 B CN 104128600B
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laser
combination
powder
hot
work die
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CN104128600A (en
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姚建华
楼程华
张群莉
陈智君
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Hangzhou Buohua Laser Technology Co., Ltd.
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Zhejiang University of Technology ZJUT
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of for hot-work die laser in combination manufacture special powder and manufacturing process thereof, this alloy powder by weight percentage its composition is as follows: carbon C:1 ~ 1.2%, chromium Cr:5 ~ 10%, tungsten W:2 ~ 5%, molybdenum Mo:3 ~ 5%, vanadium V:4 ~ 5%, niobium Nb:2 ~ 3%, cobalt Co:10 ~ 12%, iron Fe: surplus.Adopt special powder of the present invention, carry out laser in combination manufacture at hot-work die shearing die cutting edge, than H13 hardness, wear-resisting, toughness, shock-resistant in performance on have greatly improved.This cladding layer has higher hardness, wearability, toughness and shock resistance, excellent combination property, and laser in combination fabrication process parameters scope is comparatively wide, simple and reliable process.Significantly extend service life and the reliability of hot-work die.

Description

A kind of hot-work die laser in combination that is used for manufactures special powder and manufacturing process thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to material science and field of laser processing, particularly relate to a kind of for hot-work die laser in combination manufacture special powder and manufacturing process thereof, being specially adapted to surface of hot working die owing to subject fatigue damage and the inefficacy of the mould caused from comprising the various forms of complex stress such as friction, extruding, extending the service life of hot-work die.
Background technology
" manufacture of increasing material " technology, be commonly called as " 3D printing " technology, be a kind of Digitized Manufacturing Technology successively adding accumulation by material, realize component mouldless shaping, be considered to manufacturing technology of new generation because it significantly can shorten production cycle, reduction manufacturing cost, saving material consumption and processing and manufacturing expense.But it is because quality is restive, efficiency is low, the large difficulties of manufacturing cost high three becomes the bottleneck that industrial circle is applied.And laser in combination manufacture can overcome these shortcomings, make quality control, raise the efficiency, reduce manufacturing cost and become possibility.Laser in combination manufacture adopts the technology such as laser melting coating to carry out the shaping of constituency property material at the key position of part, be optimized structural design, Optimal Select and optimize and manufacture, it is different that laser in combination manufacture is more emphasized from basic material, multicomponent functional structure, realize the combination of dissimilar materials, and the graded of fabrication layer internal material, the parts scrapped can also be utilized as parent, realize recycling of Life cycle, and materials saving.Along with the development of mold manufacturing industry, mold work condition is day by day harsh, and the conventional mould steel life-span is low, and die sinking number of times is little, compared with import hot die steel, also there is a certain distance.Domestic hot die steel is low for service life, makes the cost of intermetallic composite coating product be difficult to decline.High rigidity and high tenacity improve the prerequisite in mould steel life-span.And laser in combination manufacture is owing to being the shaping carrying out property material in constituency at the key position of part, so these characteristics of laser in combination manufacture are well suited for using on hot-work die manufactures.Die size overcritical through hardening size far away in the present invention, normative heat treatment is difficult to obtain high rigidity, the hardness of mould only has HB280, enterprise adopts the method for electrospark impregnation to strengthen, but because the degree of depth is inadequate, the life-span is shorter, the method for manual arc repair welding after losing efficacy, is adopted to repair, the defect such as will to crack, can not meet production requirement.And the method using laser in combination to manufacture, can form the cladding layer of certain thickness and shape on the surface of hot die steel, this cladding layer and matrix have good metallurgical binding, can obtain excellent adhesion.And under suitable parameter, obtain wear-resisting, high temperature resistant, impact-resistant hot forged mould cladding layer, the life-span of hot forged mould is improved greatly.
Although the model of hot die steel, composition are more on the market, and the alloy powder manufactured for mould laser in combination is few.Its reason is the particularity that laser in combination manufactures, especially need to consider its High-temperature-resandant andant wear-resistant, with the reasonable transition of matrix and be suitable for laser melting coating characteristic requirements etc., conventional alloying component proportioning be used in laser in combination manufacture or have pore, be mingled with, the defect such as crackle, or serviceability can not meet the demands.
The seamless steel pipe vent needle of a Chinese Patent Application No. CN201310029830 composite construction and manufacture method thereof.Its proportioning is carbon C0.7 ~ 1.5%, silicon Si0.41 ~ 0.82%, iron Fe2.16 ~ 2.85%, nickel 2.27 ~ 2.5%, chromium Cr29.5 ~ 32.4%, molybdenum Mo0.12 ~ 0.26%, tungsten W8.7 ~ 17.8%, all the other are cobalt Co, and powder size is-140 ~+325 orders.Obviously belong to the category of cobalt-base alloys, shortcoming is that cost is higher, and high temperature resistant and red hardness is still weak.
The preparation method of a Chinese Patent Application No. CN201110197529 Austenitic Hot Work Die Steel, feature is a kind of Austenitic Hot Work Die Steel, and this Austenitic Hot Work Die Steel has very high Fe content, manganese can be dissolved in ferrite, ferrite is strengthened, also can be dissolved in cementite, improve its hardness.Manganese can also increase and refine pearlite, thus improves intensity and the hardness of steel.Manganese can form MnS with sulphur, to eliminate the illeffects of sulphur.But too high Fe content and carbon content can make carbon not fully to be dissolved in austenite, if carbon can not be dissolved in austenite, or molten after separate out again, then carbon and iron, manganese form double carbide (FeiMn) 3c, this carbide is very fragile, to the wearability of steel and impact flexibility very harmful, the crack sensitivity of foundry goods increases.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to design and be a kind ofly suitable for laser in combination manufacturing process and special powder and the manufacturing process thereof of Forming Die bad working environments can be competent at, at the position that mould easily lost efficacy as working face, subsurface or because of all kinds of wearing and tearing, surface pull, fatigue fracture, micro-crack and the damage location caused deal with.Make the hot-work die after laser in combination manufacture possess high rigidity, resistance to wear, fatigue crack-resistant, high temperature creep-resisting, the performance such as shock-resistant, thus extend the mold use life-span.
To achieve the above object, present invention employs following technical scheme:
A kind of hot-work die laser in combination that is used for manufactures special powder, it is characterized in that, this alloy powder by weight percentage its composition is as follows: carbon C:1 ~ 1.2%, chromium Cr:5 ~ 10%, tungsten W:2 ~ 5%, molybdenum Mo:3 ~ 5%, vanadium V:4 ~ 5%, niobium Nb:2 ~ 3%, cobalt Co:10 ~ 12%, iron Fe: surplus.
Composition Design principle and the interaction of high temperature resistant, wear-resistant alloy powder of the present invention are:
Carbon C:1 ~ 1.2%
In the present invention, carbon is for expanding austenite region, and the carbon of Optimum Contents can form the hard phases such as different carbide with other alloying element, thus reaches the effect of strengthening cladding layer.Because hot-work die contacts with by profiled member high temperature, be worn and collision, the material therefore after laser in combination manufacture should have high hard, wear-resisting, high dimensional stability and enough toughness.So the carbon content of alloy powder design is higher.
Chromium Cr:5 ~ 10%
In the present invention, chromium, for improving the quenching degree of steel, significantly improves the machinability of steel grade and the corrosion resistance of antioxygenic property increase steel.And in the present invention, chromium and carbon can form alloyed cementite (FeCr) 3c, Cr 7c 3, Cr 23c 6deng hard phase, improve hardness and the wearability of cladding layer further.
Tungsten W:2 ~ 5%
In the present invention, tungsten, on the one hand for improving hardness, wearability during steel high temperature, can form carbide on the other hand, Dispersed precipitate is in cladding layer, make cladding layer obtain solution strengthening, a part forms anti-abrasive hard tissue, the toughness after all right crystal grain thinning, raising tempering.
Molybdenum Mo:3 ~ 5%
The fusing point of molybdenum is 2620 DEG C, and its Binding Forces Between Atoms is strong, so intensity is all very high at ambient and elevated temperatures.In the present invention, molybdenum mainly forms the M of hard 6c carbide.The coefficient of expansion of molybdenum is little, good heat conductivity, and the present invention adds molybdenum, and the intensity of steel alloy, toughness, heat resistance, corrosion resistance and weldability are significantly improved.
Vanadium V:4 ~ 5%
Vanadium and carbon, nitrogen, oxygen all have extremely strong affinity, thus form with it corresponding very stable compound.In the present invention, vanadium mainly exists with the form of carbide in steel, to significantly improve the high temperature hardness also strong crystal grain thinning of cladding layer, puies forward heavy alloyed friction resistant performance.
Niobium Nb:2 ~ 3%
In the present invention, adding appropriate niobium, for increasing considerably the toughness of cladding layer, and making crystal grain refinement more.
Cobalt Co:10 ~ 12%
Cobalt has fabulous heat-resisting, anti-corrosion and high temperature oxidation resistance.Cobalt can improve its hardness to matrix solid solution.In the present invention in cladding layer austenitic matrix containing more, that chromium and tungsten in solid solution carbide, these compound hardness are high and wear-resisting.It is again heterogeneous structure simultaneously, and in metal, carbide generting element content is more, and wearability is better, and compound and heterogeneous structure are inclined to little than single phase solid solution " adhesion ", and therefore, high cobalt content has extremely good high temperature friction resistant performance.But the too high meeting of cobalt content makes the cost increase of alloy, this proportioning when 10 ~ 12%, can obtain good cost performance at the synergy of the elements such as V, Nb and cobalt content.
The alloy powder of proportioning provided by the invention, do not need preheating in actual use, high rigidity can be obtained under suitable parameter, resistance to wear, fatigue crack-resistant, high temperature creep-resisting, impact-resistant hot forged mould cladding layer, and laser in combination manufacturing process adaptability is wider, repeatability is consistent, can be used for the reparation of hot forged mould contact site completely and manufactures.
The preparation of alloy powder conventionally, namely adds high-melting-point element and each intermediate alloy in intermediate frequency furnace by amount of calculation, is heated to 1400 ~ 1500 DEG C, powder process after slagging-off, refining, homogenising, preservation of sieving after powder for drying.
A kind of hot-work die laser in combination manufacturing process, adopt special powder as above, under the protection of inert gas, wear-resisting, high temperature resistant, shock proof alloy-layer is prepared on the surface being manufactured on workpiece through laser melting coating.
As preferably, described workpiece is the upper and lower mould of hot forged mould, before laser in combination manufactures, carries out machined, groove milling, then carry out laser in combination manufacture at the position milled to the easy failure site of upper and lower mould (as shearing die cutting edge).This process can ensure original size of hot forged mould and the smooth of surface, and cladding layer and mould steel matrix are metallurgical binding, in conjunction with firm.
As preferably, the easy failure site of described mould (as shearing die cutting edge) depth of milled groove is 0.5 ~ 1.2mm.
Laser in combination fabrication process parameters of the present invention is: described hot-work die matrix material is H13 (being also applicable to other trade mark), and alloy material powder size is 140 ~ 400 orders, by inert gas powder feeding; Adopt the cladding mode of 3KW high power semiconductor lasers and coaxial powder-feeding to carry out laser in combination manufacture to the alloy powder developed, power is 1.0 ~ 2.6KW, and laser scanning speed is V s=400 ~ 1200mm/min, powder sending quantity is V f=5 ~ 15g/min, overlapping rate is 50%.
Adopt hot-work die laser in combination of the present invention to manufacture special powder, carry out laser in combination manufacture at hot-work die shearing die cutting edge, than H13 hardness, wear-resisting, toughness, shock-resistant in performance on have greatly improved.This cladding layer has higher hardness, wearability, toughness and shock resistance, excellent combination property, and laser in combination fabrication process parameters scope is comparatively wide, simple and reliable process.Significantly extend service life and the reliability of hot-work die.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the microscopic structure (100X) of the different material junction of 5# sample;
Fig. 2 is 5# sample cladding layer SEM microstructure;
Fig. 3 is the cross section microscopic structure (400X) of cladding layer after laser in combination manufactures.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is made a detailed explanation.
A kind of hot-work die laser in combination that is used for manufactures special powder, it is characterized in that, this alloy powder, its composition is as follows by weight percentage: carbon C:1 ~ 1.2%, chromium Cr:5 ~ 10%, tungsten W:2 ~ 5%, molybdenum Mo:3 ~ 5%, vanadium V:4 ~ 5%, niobium Nb:2 ~ 3%, cobalt Co:10 ~ 12%, iron Fe: surplus.
A kind of hot-work die laser in combination manufacturing process, adopt alloy material as above, under the protection of inert gas, wear-resisting, high temperature resistant, shock proof alloy-layer is prepared on the surface being manufactured on workpiece through laser melting coating.
The alloy powder of proportioning provided by the invention, do not need preheating in actual use, high rigidity can be obtained under suitable parameter, resistance to wear, fatigue crack-resistant, high temperature creep-resisting, impact-resistant hot forged mould cladding layer, and laser in combination manufacturing process adaptability is wider, repeatability is consistent, can be used for the reparation of hot forged mould contact site completely and manufactures.
Described workpiece is the upper and lower mould of hot forged mould, before laser in combination manufactures, carries out machined, groove milling, then carry out laser in combination manufacture at the position milled to the easy failure site of upper and lower mould (as shearing die cutting edge).This process can ensure original size of hot forged mould and the smooth of surface, and cladding layer and mould steel matrix are metallurgical binding, in conjunction with firm.The easy failure site of described mould (as shearing die cutting edge) depth of milled groove is 0.5 ~ 1.2mm.
The preparation of alloy powder conventionally, namely adds high-melting-point element and each intermediate alloy in intermediate frequency furnace by amount of calculation, is heated to 1400 ~ 1500 DEG C, powder process after slagging-off, refining, homogenising, preservation of sieving after powder for drying.
Laser in combination fabrication process parameters of the present invention is: described hot-work die matrix material is H13 (being also applicable to other trade mark), and alloy material powder size is 140 ~ 400 orders, by inert gas powder feeding; Adopt the cladding mode of 3KW high power semiconductor lasers and coaxial powder-feeding to carry out laser in combination manufacture to the alloy powder developed, power is 1.0 ~ 2.6KW, and laser scanning speed is V s=400 ~ 1200mm/min, powder sending quantity is V f=5 ~ 15g/min, overlapping rate is 50%, has carried out the test of more than 50 groups, has preferentially chosen laser in combination fabrication process parameters value as described in Table 1, all can obtain satisfied cladding layer under laser in combination fabrication process parameters described in table 1, hardness can reach HV750 ~ 880; 500 DEG C of high temperature wear tests show improvement more obvious than matrix.
Table 1 laser in combination fabrication process parameters
Sample adopts HT-600 high temperature friction and wear testing machine to do high temperature wear zero-G test; Adopt HMV-2TADWXY full-automatic microhardness measurement its hardness of examination and analyze displaing micro tissue topography.
Fig. 1 is the microsturcture of 5# sample cladding layer.Its top is matrix, and in matrix, small white spots block is carbide; Middle part light color band is fusion area, wherein there is light color tissue to embed wherein near matrix side, show that having element herein oozes phenomenon mutually, it is different that laser in combination manufacture is emphasized from basic material, multicomponent functional structure, realizes the combination of dissimilar materials, and the graded of fabrication layer internal material, Fig. 1 demonstrates the good metallurgical binding that cladding layer and matrix realize dissimilar materials, and microstructure of surface cladding layer inner pore-free, crackle and slag inclusion; The bottom of picture is microstructure of surface cladding layer, and because laser in combination manufactures time road cladding to the heating of front road cladding and cooling, thus lap belt can clearly be distinguished in picture.
Fig. 2 is 5# sample cladding layer SEM microstructure.As can be seen from Figure 2 microstructure of surface cladding layer obtains refinement, is studded with tiny grain structure, as the a-quadrant in Fig. 2; And in fine grain structure, have larger massive texture, as the B region in Fig. 2.In Fig. 2, B region massive texture is mainly the compound of Cr, Fe and C, V, and deduction may be Fe-Cr and Fe 3white small grains in c, Fig. 2 is speculated as V 4c 3, Cr 23c 6, Cr 7c 3metallic compound, these materials decide the structure property of cladding layer to a great extent.As can be seen from the macro morphology of sample, clad layer surface flat smooth, shows that the geometrical morphology of cladding layer is good.
As can be seen from Figure 3, the direction of arrow is matrix, diffusion region, land, coating (cladding layer) successively along the longitudinal, be cellular crystal and column crystal bottom the cladding layer near land, cladding layer interior tissue even compact, has significantly perpendicular to the dendritic growth feature at interface.Cladding layer is tiny dendrite.
The above results shows: after laser in combination manufactures, although the material that laser in combination manufactures is different from base material, belong to the combination of dissimilar materials, cladding layer is combined with matrix well, pore-free, be mingled with, the appearance of the defect such as crackle.The hardness on top layer is up to HV900.And the wide accommodation of this technique.There is very strong practicality.
The difference existed due to the factor such as heat transfer and stress and sample will cause the generation of the defect such as crackle, pore, therefore first does laser in combination manufacture test at die surface, result of the test: cladding layer pattern is good, and flawless, hole, geometrical morphology is good.The laser in combination manufacture in kind of hotwork grinding tool, clad layer surface flat smooth after cladding layer and machined, shows that the geometrical morphology of cladding layer is good.
From the above, adopt the present invention to be used for hot-work die laser in combination and manufacture special powder, carry out laser in combination manufacture at hot-work die shearing die cutting edge, than H13 hardness, wear-resisting, toughness, shock-resistant in performance on have greatly improved.This cladding layer has higher hardness, wearability, toughness and shock resistance, excellent combination property, and laser in combination fabrication process parameters scope is comparatively wide, simple and reliable process.Significantly extend service life and the reliability of hot forged mould.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of hot-work die laser in combination that is used for manufactures special powder, and its cladding layer has wear-resisting, shock-resistant, resistance to elevated temperatures, and it is as follows that powder manufactures concrete steps:
(1) addition (considering the different burn out rates of each element during calculating) of each intermediate alloy such as ferrochrome, vanadium iron is calculated.
(2) baking in 200 DEG C of baking ovens is placed on after weighing.
(3) first add high-melting-point element, then add easy scaling loss element.
(4) slagging-off, refining after fusing.
(5) open water, gas circuit, controlled pressure and liquid level.
(6) place through the middle bottom pour ladle of preheating on nozzle, to topple in smelting furnace aluminium alloy in middle bottom pour ladle.
(7) after having dusted, powder delivery also removes moisture with alcohol, and sealing of sieving after oven dry is stand-by.
Alloy powder chemical composition (percentage by weight) is C:1.05%, Cr:5.0%, W:3.0%, Mo:3.0%, V:4.1%, Nb:2.0%, Co:10%, Fe: surplus.
Laser in combination manufacturing process concrete steps are as follows:
(8) first machined is carried out, groove milling to the easy failure site of upper and lower mould (shearing die cutting edge).
(9) powder of drying is put into powder feeder.
(10) then the powder after oven dry is put into boiling type powder feeder.
(11) pending for mould position is programmed; Adjust laser in combination fabrication process parameters extremely:
1#a, laser power is to 1.4KW, and sweep speed is 420mm/min, and powder sending quantity is 5.5g/min, and protection atmospheric pressure is 0.2MPa, and laser spot diameter is 4mm; Overlapping rate is 50%.
5#b, laser power is to 1.72KW, and sweep speed is 600mm/min, and powder sending quantity is 10g/min, and protection atmospheric pressure is 0.2MPa, and laser spot diameter is 4mm; Overlapping rate is 50%.
7#c, laser power is to 2.6KW, and sweep speed is 780mm/min, and powder sending quantity is 15g/min, and protection atmospheric pressure is 0.2MPa, and laser spot diameter is 4mm; Overlapping rate is 50%.
(12) by a, b, c parameter cladding patrix respectively.
(13) working size is machined into.
Detect cladding layer hardness through Leeb Hardness Tester and be all greater than HRC59 (see table 2).
Table 2 embodiment 1 laser in combination manufactures cladding layer hardness
Embodiment 2:
A kind of hot-work die laser in combination that is used for manufactures special powder, and its cladding layer has wear-resisting, shock-resistant, resistance to elevated temperatures, and it is as follows that powder manufactures concrete steps:
(1) ~ (7) are with embodiment 1.
Alloy powder chemical composition (percentage by weight) is C:1.2%, Cr:9%, W:4.5%, Mo:4.5%, V:5.0%, Nb:3.0%, Co:12%, Fe: surplus.
Laser in combination manufacturing process concrete steps are as follows:
(8) ~ (10), (12), (13) are with the laser in combination manufacturing technology steps of embodiment 1.
(11) program by the pending position of mould; Adjustment laser technical parameters is adjusted to:
A, laser power is to 1.4KW, and sweep speed is 420mm/min, and powder sending quantity is 5.5g/min, and protection atmospheric pressure is 0.2MPa, and laser spot diameter is 4mm; Overlapping rate is 50%.
B, laser power is to 1.72KW, and sweep speed is 600mm/min, and powder sending quantity is 10g/min, and protection atmospheric pressure is 0.2MPa, and laser spot diameter is 4mm; Overlapping rate is 50%.
C, laser power is to 2.6KW, and sweep speed is 780mm/min, and powder sending quantity is 15g/min, and protection atmospheric pressure is 0.2MPa, and laser spot diameter is 4mm; Overlapping rate is 50%.
Above-mentioned cladding layer hardness detects through Leeb Hardness Tester and is all greater than HRC60.(see table 3)
Table 3 embodiment 2 laser in combination manufactures cladding layer hardness
The clad layer surface quality after laser in combination manufactures of embodiment 1,2 is all good, has no crackle through dye penetrant inspection.Installation its life-span of test improves more than 2.5 times, the reparation that laser in combination manufacture can be used for hot forged mould completely with manufacture again, because low cost of manufacture, cycle are short, good economy performance can be applied widely.
It is emphasized that: be only preferred embodiment of the present invention above, not any pro forma restriction is done to the present invention, every above embodiment is done according to technical spirit of the present invention any simple modification, equivalent variations and modification, all still belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. one kind manufactures special powder for hot-work die laser in combination, it is characterized in that, this powder by weight percentage its composition is as follows: carbon C:1 ~ 1.2%, chromium Cr:5 ~ 10%, tungsten W:2 ~ 5%, molybdenum Mo:3 ~ 5%, vanadium V:4 ~ 5%, niobium Nb:2 ~ 3%, cobalt Co:10 ~ 12%, iron Fe: surplus.
2. one according to claim 1 is used for hot-work die laser in combination manufacture special powder, it is characterized in that, the preparation method of described powder: add high-melting-point element and each intermediate alloy in intermediate frequency furnace by amount of calculation, be heated to 1400 ~ 1500 DEG C, powder process after slagging-off, refining, homogenising, preservation of sieving after powder for drying.
3. a hot-work die laser in combination manufacturing process, adopt the special powder described in claim 1 or 2, under the protection of inert gas, wear-resisting, high temperature resistant, shock proof alloy-layer is prepared on the surface being manufactured on workpiece through laser melting coating.
4. a kind of hot-work die laser in combination manufacturing process according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described workpiece is the upper and lower mould of hot-work die, before laser in combination manufactures, machined, groove milling are carried out to the easy failure site of upper and lower mould, then carries out laser in combination manufacture at the position milled.
5. a kind of hot-work die laser in combination manufacturing process according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the depth of milled groove of the easy failure site of described upper and lower mould is 0.5 ~ 1.2mm.
6. a kind of hot-work die laser in combination manufacturing process according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, described laser in combination fabrication process parameters is: described hot-work die matrix material is H13, and described powder size is 140 ~ 400 orders, by inert gas powder feeding; Adopt the cladding mode of 3KW high power semiconductor lasers and coaxial powder-feeding to carry out laser in combination manufacture to the powder developed, power is 1.0 ~ 2.6KW, and laser scanning speed is V s=400 ~ 1200mm/min, powder sending quantity is V f=5 ~ 15g/min, overlapping rate is 50%.
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