CN110102768B

CN110102768B - Method for manufacturing carving knife mold by increasing and decreasing materials and series of 3D printing metal powder

Info

Publication number: CN110102768B
Application number: CN201910515168.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘军; 王臻; 赵风君; 谭米雪; 逄静静; 刘博�; 许淑溶
Original assignee: Central South University
Current assignee: Central South University
Priority date: 2019-06-14
Filing date: 2019-06-14
Publication date: 2020-03-31
Anticipated expiration: 2039-06-14
Also published as: CN110102768A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a carving knife die by adding and reducing materials and series of 3D printing metal powder thereof, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing corresponding 3D printing metal powder raw materials; (2) designing a digital model of the carving knife die by using modeling software according to the carving knife die structure; (3) finishing the processing of the substrate according to the size of the carving knife die; (4) guiding the digital model into metal 3D printing equipment, and finishing engraving the initial blade of the cladding layer of the cutting die on the substrate by using metal 3D printing; (5) and (4) carrying out high-precision engraving processing on the initial blade edge of the cladding layer of the engraving cutting die according to the digital model to finish the final molding of the blade edge. The method is an economic, efficient and environment-friendly engraving cutting die manufacturing technical method, can inherit the excellent performance of the traditional engraving cutting die, avoids the defects of serious waste of operation raw materials, high difficulty, long period and the like of the traditional engraving cutting die, and has important significance for manufacturing technical innovation of the engraving cutting die and application of metal 3D printing.

Description

Method for manufacturing carving knife mold by increasing and decreasing materials and series of 3D printing metal powder

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of forming and manufacturing of cutting dies, and relates to a method for manufacturing an engraving cutting die by increasing and decreasing materials and series of 3D printing metal powder thereof, in particular to a method for manufacturing an engraving cutting die by increasing and decreasing materials based on metal 3D printing and high-precision automatic engraving technology and series of 3D printing metal powder thereof.

Background

The mold plays a role in lifting the weight in the field of modern industrial production, and the methods of injection molding, blow molding, extrusion, die casting or forging molding, smelting, stamping and the like in the industrial production all need to use the mold, realize the processing of the appearance of an article mainly through the change of the physical state of a formed material, and are called as 'industrial mother'. The cutting die is a product which is commonly used in the die cutting industry, is generally used for punching the shape of a required die cutting product, has important application in the aspects of printing and packaging, plastic packaging, leather, toys, automobiles, mobile phone shells, flexible circuit boards and the like, can realize efficient batch production of the product by virtue of the cutting die, and avoids the problem of low efficiency of one-by-one manufacturing. The cutting die mainly comprises a laser cutting die, a carving cutting die, an aluminum plate cutting die, an etching cutting die, a die cutting die, a waste cleaning cutting die and the like, wherein the carving cutting die and the laser cutting die are most commonly used, the precision of the cutting die is high, and the service life of the cutting die is long. The laser cutting die mainly utilizes the strong energy of laser to carry out high-depth ablation on the cutting die plate, thereby achieving the purpose of installing the cutting knife. The technology for processing the cutting die by the laser cutting die cutting machine has the advantages of simple design, small error and high working efficiency. Compared with a laser cutting die, the precision of the carving cutting die is higher and can be controlled within +/-0.03 MM, and the precision of the laser cutting die is controlled within +/-0.1 MM. The carving cutting die has excellent performance, can bear the punching times of the following height and can repair the blade for many times. But because of the advantages of high precision, difficult deformation and the like, the method is a better method for forming the knife film.

The engraving cutting die base plate generally adopts a plane base plate, the plane base plate is gradually replaced by a cylindrical base plate in order to further improve the production efficiency by impacting the processed material one by one, namely, a blade is processed on the arch surface of the cylindrical base plate, the engraving cutting die is called as a circular knife, the processed material is processed and produced in a rolling printing mode, and the rolling type operation efficiency is far higher than the work efficiency of impacting one by one. The processing time of the carving cutting die is more than 2 times that of a laser cutting die, the traditional carving cutting die needs to perform substrate linear cutting including outline linear cutting and blanking hole processing, then numerical control machine tool rough machining is needed, the numerical control machine tool cuts the blade part from the whole according to a designed cutting die model (the blade part can be machined to the width of a blade line of 0.5mm), even if the initial blade of the cutting die can be highlighted on the substrate in a relief form, a foundation is provided for the sharpness of the blade subjected to later-stage finish machining and the smoothness of the side face of the blade; then, the initial carving cutting die is subjected to vacuum high-temperature heat treatment for multiple times through continuous operation, so that the hardness of the initial cutting die is improved (not less than 50 HRC); and finally, carrying out fine processing on the processed initial cutting die by using a numerical control processing machine tool, and carrying out final cutting edge forming processing to ensure that the cutting edge of the cutting die is sharp and the surface is smooth and clean, thereby finally obtaining a finished product of the carving cutting die. The initial blade forming process needs to completely remove the region of the non-blade position, so that on one hand, the large-area removal causes a large amount of waste of materials, and the processing difficulty and the processing period are prolonged. On the other hand, the large amount of cutting clearance causes poor working environment. Meanwhile, in order to enable the cutting die to reach ideal hardness, the initial cutting die must be subjected to multiple high-temperature heat treatment, the high-temperature heat treatment period is long, the preparation period of the carving cutting die is greatly prolonged in the heat treatment process, the heat treatment operation process is strict, and difficulty is increased in the carving cutting die manufacturing process.

Metal 3D printing is a direction that develops rapidly in recent years, has a high application value in the field of additive manufacturing, and at present, many metal 3D printing devices can produce strong-curing structural devices, stress members and functional members, and become the most likely technology for direct manufacturing in the field of 3D printing, and the application fields thereof are spread in aerospace, medical care, instrument manufacturing, electronic industry and the like. The metal 3D printing is classified into a selective laser sintering technique (SLS), a selective laser melting technique (SLM), a direct metal activation sintering technique (DMLS), and laser engineering purification molding (LENS), laser powder molding (LPF), etc. The selective laser melting technology (SLM) and the laser engineering purification molding (LENS) obtain good effect in the field of metal 3D printing, the SLM is used for layering powder materials on a workbench, heating the materials to a certain temperature, then melting the powder materials by using high-energy laser beams, forming strong metallurgical bonding between a cladding material and a base body, enabling the powder materials which are not scanned to be still in powder form to serve as supports of workpieces, after scanning of one layer is completed, descending the workbench by one layer height, laying powder of the next layer, and repeating the processes to complete three-dimensional molding. The Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology has high precision, the compactness can reach 100%, and the SLM technology is suitable for complex and high-performance metal devices and has high forming speed and forming efficiency. Laser engineering purification molding (LENS) is different from selective laser melting technology (SLM), in the laser engineering purification molding (LENS) process, powder flow conveyed by a laser irradiation nozzle, namely laser and conveyed powder work simultaneously, cladding materials are directly conveyed into the laser, and therefore a working platform with the SLM filled with the powder is not needed. LENS also has higher shaping precision, also is applicable to the three-dimensional shaping of complicated high performance metal, also can guarantee better shaping efficiency simultaneously.

The manufacturing process of the carving cutting die can be completed by cladding the high-hardness metal powder which can be prepared on the substrate by a cladding principle through a metal 3D printing technology to form an initial blade point by cladding the cladding layer, and then carrying out finish machining on the initial blade point formed by the cladding layer by a numerical control machine. The full-automatic high-precision control system provides powerful guarantee for the precision of the carving knife mold. The initial blade formed by metal 3D printing cladding avoids reducing the manufacturing cost and the manufacturing period and reduces the environmental pollution. The high hardness characteristic of the cladding initial blade edge does not need to be subjected to vacuum heat treatment for many times to improve the hardness of the cladding initial blade edge, the processing period is further shortened, and the processing cost is reduced.

The method for manufacturing the carving cutting die by increasing and decreasing materials based on the metal 3D printing and high-precision automatic carving technology and the series of 3D printing metal powder are an economic, efficient and environment-friendly carving cutting die manufacturing technical method, various performances required by the cutting die are guaranteed, meanwhile, raw material waste and manufacturing period are reduced, and the problems of complex operation and overlarge operation difficulty are avoided. Provides a more ideal method for the molding of the engraving cutting die, has very high market application prospect and market value, and has important significance for the manufacturing technical innovation of the engraving cutting die and the application of metal 3D printing.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for manufacturing a carving knife die by adding and reducing materials, which is simple in process, economical, efficient and environment-friendly, and series of 3D printing metal powder.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for manufacturing an engraving knife die by adding and subtracting materials comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing corresponding 3D printing metal powder raw materials according to the performance requirements of the carving knife die;

(2) designing a digital model of the carving knife die by using modeling software according to the carving knife die structure;

(3) finishing the processing of the substrate according to the size of the carving knife die;

(4) guiding the digital model into metal 3D printing equipment, and finishing engraving the initial blade of the cladding layer of the cutting die on the substrate by using metal 3D printing;

(5) and (4) carrying out high-precision engraving processing on the initial blade edge of the cladding layer of the engraving cutting die obtained in the step (4) according to the digital model, wherein the processing precision is 1 mu m, and finishing the final molding of the blade edge.

Preferably, in the step (1), the 3D printing metal powder raw material is micron-sized spherical powder for 3D printing, the alloy element components of which are adjustable, and the spherical powder is any one of an iron-based alloy system, a nickel-based alloy system, an iron-based-tungsten carbide system and a nickel-tungsten carbide system;

the iron-based alloy system is selected from any one of A group, B group, C group and D group;

wherein, the group A comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.10-2.60% of carbon, 1.00-1.60% of silicon, 0-2.0% of manganese, 15.11-24.00% of chromium, 0-6.75% of tungsten, 0-2.50% of nickel, 0-2.00% of boron and the balance of iron, wherein the sum of the percentages of the raw materials is 100%; the hardness of the prepared iron-based alloy can reach more than 60HRC, and the alloy has no air holes and no cracks;

the group B comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.8 to 1.20 percent of carbon, 0.30 percent of silicon, 0.30 percent of manganese, more than or equal to 0.03 percent of sulfur, more than or equal to 0.03 percent of phosphorus, 3.40 to 4.60 percent of chromium, 0.85 to 1.41 percent of vanadium, 1.10 to 1.90 percent of tungsten, 9.00 to 10.00 percent of molybdenum, 7.70 to 8.40 percent of cobalt, and the balance of iron, wherein the sum of the percentages of the raw materials is 100 percent; the hardness of the prepared iron-based alloy can reach more than 60HRC, and the alloy has no air holes and no cracks;

the group C comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.80 to 1.20 percent of carbon, more than or equal to 0.20 percent of silicon, 0.15 to 0.40 percent of manganese, 0 to 0.03 percent of sulfur, 0 to 0.03 percent of phosphorus, 3.70 to 4.50 percent of chromium, 1.75 to 2.30 percent of vanadium, 5.40 to 6.80 percent of tungsten, 4.50 to 5.60 percent of molybdenum, 0.80 to 5.50 percent of cobalt and the balance of iron, wherein the sum of the percentages of the raw materials is 100 percent; the hardness of the prepared iron-based alloy can reach more than 60HRC, and the alloy has no air holes and no cracks;

the group D comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.90 to 1.01 percent of carbon, 0.90 to 1.5 percent of silicon, 0.30 to 0.33 percent of manganese, 7.91 to 8.01 percent of chromium, 0.21 to 2.81 percent of vanadium, 1.90 to 2.01 percent of molybdenum and the balance of iron, wherein the sum of the percentages of the raw materials is 100 percent; the hardness of the prepared iron-based alloy can reach more than 60HRC, and the alloy has no air holes and no cracks;

the nickel-based alloy system comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.10 to 0.82 percent of carbon, 2.50 to 4.50 percent of silicon, 0.50 to 3.60 percent of boron, 2.10 to 26.03 percent of ferrum, 5.30 to 18.00 percent of chromium and the balance of nickel, wherein the sum of the percentages of the raw materials is 100 percent; the hardness of the prepared nickel-based alloy can reach more than 55HRC, and the alloy has no air holes and no cracks;

the iron-based tungsten carbide system comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 70-95% of the iron-based alloy system and 5-30% of tungsten carbide, wherein the sum of the percentages of the raw materials is 100%; the hardness of the prepared alloy can reach more than 70HRC, and the alloy has no air holes and no cracks;

the nickel-based tungsten carbide system comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 70-95% of the nickel-based alloy system and 5-30% of tungsten carbide, wherein the sum of the percentages of the raw materials is 100%; the hardness of the alloy can reach more than 65HRC, and the alloy has no air holes and no cracks.

Preferably, in the step (2), the modeling software is any one of Solidworks and CAD.

Preferably, the substrate processing in the step (3) and the high-precision engraving processing in the step (5) are both completed by a high-precision numerical control machine tool, and the processing precision is 1 μm.

Preferably, in the step (3), the substrate is a metal planar substrate or a cylindrical substrate.

Preferably, in the step (4), the metal 3D printing includes any one of selective laser melting technology (SLM) and laser near net shape (LENS).

In the invention, the cladding layers (linear type and surface type) with various shapes and sizes can be formed on the substrate through metal 3D printing, the cladding layers can be overlapped (namely multi-pass cladding), the initial blade of the cladding layers is formed on the substrate through model control, and the initial blade formed through metal 3D printing is ensured to have higher hardness characteristic.

Further, the printing precision of the selective laser melting technology is 0.1 mm; the printing precision of the laser engineering purification molding is 0.2 mm.

The invention also provides micron-sized spherical powder for 3D printing, which has adjustable alloy element components, wherein the spherical powder is an iron-based alloy system selected from any one of A, B, C, D groups;

wherein, the group A comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.10-2.60% of carbon, 1.00-1.60% of silicon, 0-2.0% of manganese, 15.11-24.00% of chromium, 0-6.75% of tungsten, 0-2.50% of nickel, 0-2.00% of boron and the balance of iron, wherein the sum of the percentages of the raw materials is 100%; the hardness of the prepared iron-based alloy can reach more than 50HRC, and the alloy has no air holes and no cracks;

the group B comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.8 to 1.20 percent of carbon, 0.30 percent of silicon, 0.30 percent of manganese, more than or equal to 0.03 percent of sulfur, more than or equal to 0.03 percent of phosphorus, 3.40 to 4.60 percent of chromium, 0.85 to 1.41 percent of vanadium, 1.10 to 1.90 percent of tungsten, 9.00 to 10.00 percent of molybdenum, 7.70 to 8.40 percent of cobalt, and the balance of iron, wherein the sum of the percentages of the raw materials is 100 percent; the hardness of the prepared iron-based alloy can reach more than 50HRC, and the alloy has no air holes and no cracks;

the group D comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.90 to 1.01 percent of carbon, 0.90 to 1.5 percent of silicon, 0.30 to 0.33 percent of manganese, 7.91 to 8.01 percent of chromium, 0.21 to 2.81 percent of vanadium, 1.90 to 2.01 percent of molybdenum and the balance of iron, wherein the sum of the percentages of the raw materials is 100 percent; the hardness of the prepared iron-based alloy can reach more than 50HRC, and the alloy has no air holes and no cracks.

The invention also provides micron-sized spherical powder for 3D printing, which has adjustable alloy element components, and is a nickel-based alloy system, wherein the nickel-based alloy system consists of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.10 to 0.82 percent of carbon, 2.50 to 4.50 percent of silicon, 0.50 to 3.60 percent of boron, 2.10 to 26.03 percent of ferrum, 5.30 to 18.00 percent of chromium and the balance of nickel, wherein the sum of the percentages of the raw materials is 100 percent; the hardness of the prepared nickel-based alloy can reach more than 55HRC, and the alloy has no air holes and no cracks.

The invention also provides micron-sized spherical powder for 3D printing, which has adjustable alloy element components, is an iron-based-tungsten carbide system and consists of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 70-95% of the iron-based alloy system and 5-30% of tungsten carbide, wherein the sum of the percentages of the raw materials is 100%; the hardness of the alloy can reach more than 70HRC, and the alloy has no air holes and no cracks.

The invention also provides micron-sized spherical powder for 3D printing, which is adjustable in alloy element components, is a nickel-based tungsten carbide body and comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 70-95% of the nickel-based alloy system and 5-30% of tungsten carbide, wherein the sum of the percentages of the raw materials is 100%; the hardness of the alloy can reach more than 65HRC, and the alloy has no air holes and no cracks.

According to the invention, the adjustable high-hardness metal powder is cladded on the substrate to form the initial blade through the cladding principle by the metal 3D printing technology, and then the initial blade formed by the cladding layer is subjected to numerical control machine tool finish machining to complete the manufacturing process of the carving cutting die.

The invention has the beneficial technical effects that:

compared with the traditional manufacturing of the engraving cutting die, on one hand, the metal 3D printing technology has a full-automatic high-precision control system, the high-efficiency and accurate operation of the whole process is ensured, and further powerful guarantee is provided for the precision of the engraving cutting die; on the other hand, the initial blade formed by metal 3D printing cladding avoids the cutting process of the traditional initial blade forming, greatly reduces the processing cost and the processing period, and also avoids the excessive damage to the environment; meanwhile, the internal structure of the cladding layer is compact, the cladding material and the matrix form strong metallurgical bonding, the bonding strength (400-1600 MPa) of the compact bonding effect is far higher than that of electroplating (8-12 MPa) and spraying (6-8 MPa), and the reliable bonding of the blade and the substrate is ensured. The process of forming the initial blade edge by the 3D metal printing belongs to rapid quenching, so that the initial blade edge has the characteristic of high hardness after the printing is finished, the operation of multiple vacuum heat treatment of the traditional engraving cutting die is avoided, the preparation period of the engraving cutting die is further greatly shortened, and the processing cost is reduced accordingly.

The method for manufacturing the engraving cutting die by adding and subtracting materials based on the metal 3D printing and high-precision automatic engraving technology and the series of 3D printing metal powder are an economic, efficient and environment-friendly engraving cutting die manufacturing technical method, can inherit the excellent performance of the traditional engraving cutting die, avoid the defects of serious waste of operation raw materials, high difficulty, long period and the like of the traditional engraving cutting die, provide a more ideal method for the molding of the engraving cutting die, have very high market application prospect and market value, and have important significance for manufacturing technological innovation of the engraving cutting die and application of metal 3D printing.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a simulation of the initial and final blade of a cladding layer of a cutting die on a planar substrate;

in the figure: 10-a planar substrate; 11-initial blade of cladding layer; 12-machining a hole on the planar substrate; 13-planar substrate final blade.

FIG. 2 is a simulation of the initial and final blade of the cladding layer of the cutting die on the cylindrical substrate;

in the figure: 21-initial blade of cladding layer; 22-a cylindrical substrate; 23-cylindrical substrate final blade.

FIG. 3 is a pictorial view of an initial blade edge of a planar substrate.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an initial blade of a planar substrate.

Fig. 5 is a physical representation of the final blade of the planar substrate.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any inventive work based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention, and the present invention is further described with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments below.

Example 1

The method for manufacturing the engraving cutting die by increasing and decreasing materials comprises the following steps:

step 1, preparing a corresponding 3D printing metal powder raw material-iron-based alloy system according to the performance requirement of a carving knife die, and drying micron powder of the iron-based alloy system by using a drying oven to remove water in the micron powder;

iron-based alloy system:

group A-80.74% Fe; 0.13% C; 1.09% Si; 15.44% Cr; 1.43% Ni; 1.17% B;

group B-74.38% Fe; 1.11% C; 0.71% Si; 0.53% Mn; 0.04% S; 0.04% P; 3.72% Cr; 1.21% V; 1.31% W; 9.32% Mo; 7.63% Co;

group C-80.98% Fe; 0.81% C; 0.31% Si; 0.27% Mn; 4.31% Cr; 2.00% V; 5.67% W; 4.66% Mo; 0.99% Co;

group D-87.49% Fe; 1.00% C; 0.91% Si; 0.32% Mn; 8.00% Cr; 0.28% V; 2.00% Mo;

step 2, designing a digital model of the carving knife die by using Solidworks according to the structure of the carving knife die;

step 3, finishing the processing of the substrate through a high-precision numerical control machine tool according to the digital model, wherein the processing precision is 1 mu m, polishing the processed substrate, repairing the plane of the substrate through sand paper polishing, so that the plane of the substrate is flat and smooth, and cleaning and drying the substrate after finishing;

step 4, putting the dried powder material into a feeding system and a forming platform of metal 3D printing equipment respectively, guiding a digital model into LENS equipment (model: LDM8060), and finishing engraving the initial blade of the cladding layer of the cutting die on a substrate by utilizing an SLM (selective laser melting) technology, wherein the printing precision is 0.1 mm;

and 5, moving the substrate to a high-precision numerical control machine tool, finishing final blade forming according to a digital model, and further finishing the manufacturing process of the carving cutting die, wherein the figure 1 is a simulation diagram of the initial blade and the final blade of the cladding layer of the cutting die on the planar substrate.

Detecting a cutting die result: hardness of the component A: 50-65 HRC, the binding force can reach more than 1100MPa,

no air holes and no cracks;

hardness of the component B: 50-70 HRC, the binding force can reach more than 1000MPa,

no air holes and no cracks;

hardness of component C: 60-90 HRC, the binding force can reach more than 900MPa,

no air holes and no cracks;

d, hardness of the component: 50-60 HRC, the binding force can reach more than 700MPa,

no air holes and no cracks.

Example 2

step 1, preparing a corresponding 3D printing metal powder raw material-nickel base alloy system according to the performance requirement of a carving knife die, and drying micron powder of the nickel base alloy system by using a drying oven to remove moisture in the micron powder;

nickel-based alloy system: e component-79.36% Ni; 0.65% C; 3.88% Si; 2.31% B; 2.87% Fe; 10.93% Cr;

and 5, moving the substrate to a high-precision numerical control machine tool, completing final blade forming according to a digital model, and further completing the manufacturing process of the carving cutting die, wherein FIG. 2 is a simulation diagram of the initial blade and the final blade of the cladding layer of the cutting die on the cylindrical substrate.

Detecting a cutting die result: the hardness of the component E can reach 62HRC, the binding force can reach more than 600MPa, and the composite material has no air holes and no cracks.

Example 3

step 1, preparing corresponding 3D printing metal powder raw materials according to the performance requirements of a carving knife mold, and drying the raw material powder by using a drying oven to remove moisture in micron powder;

f component iron-tungsten carbide system component-80% of A component iron-based alloy system and 20% of WC;

a G component nickel-based-tungsten carbide system component, 80% of an E component nickel-based alloy system and 20% of WC;

step 4, importing the digital model into a LENS device (model: LDM8060), completing carving of the initial blade of the cladding layer of the cutting die on the substrate by utilizing the LENS technology, wherein the printing precision is 0.2mm, and the obtained physical diagram of the initial blade of the planar substrate is shown in FIGS. 3-4;

and 5, moving the substrate to a time-sharing high-precision numerical control machine tool, finishing final blade forming according to the digital model, and further finishing the manufacturing process of the carving cutting die, wherein the figure 5 is a real object diagram of the final blade of the obtained planar substrate.

Detecting a cutting die result: the F component iron-tungsten carbide system has the component hardness: can reach 80HRC, the binding force can reach more than 400MPa, and the product has no air holes and no cracks.

The hardness of the nickel-based-tungsten carbide system of the G component is as follows: can reach 75HRC, the binding force can reach more than 400MPa, and the product has no air holes and no cracks.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Modifications and variations that may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention are to be considered as within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A method for manufacturing a carving knife die by adding and subtracting materials is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(5) carrying out high-precision engraving processing on the initial blade edge of the cladding layer of the engraving blade mould obtained in the step (4) according to the digital model, wherein the processing precision is 1 mu m, and finishing the final molding of the blade edge;

the raw material of the 3D printing metal powder is micron-sized spherical powder for 3D printing, and the alloy element components of the micron-sized spherical powder are adjustable, and the spherical powder is any one of an iron-based alloy system, a nickel-based alloy system, an iron-based tungsten carbide system and a nickel-based tungsten carbide system;

wherein, the group A comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.10-2.60% of carbon, 1.00-1.60% of silicon, 0-2.0% of manganese, 15.11-24.00% of chromium, 0-6.75% of tungsten, 0-2.50% of nickel, 0-2.00% of boron and the balance of iron, wherein the sum of the percentages of the raw materials is 100%;

the group B comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.8-1.20% of carbon, 0.30% of silicon, 0.30% of manganese, more than or equal to 0.03% of sulfur, more than or equal to 0.03% of phosphorus, 3.40-4.60% of chromium, 0.85-1.41% of vanadium, 1.10-1.90% of tungsten, 9.00-10.00% of molybdenum, 7.70-8.40% of cobalt and the balance of iron, wherein the sum of the percentages of the raw materials is 100%;

the group C comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.80-1.20% of carbon, more than or equal to 0.20% of silicon, 0.15-0.40% of manganese, 0-0.03% of sulfur, 0-0.03% of phosphorus, 3.70-4.50% of chromium, 1.75-2.30% of vanadium, 5.40-6.80% of tungsten, 4.50-5.60% of molybdenum, 0.80-5.50% of cobalt and the balance of iron, wherein the sum of the percentage of the raw materials is 100%;

the group D comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.90-1.01% of carbon, 0.90-1.5% of silicon, 0.30-0.33% of manganese, 7.91-8.01% of chromium, 0.21-2.81% of vanadium, 1.90-2.01% of molybdenum and the balance of iron, wherein the sum of the percentages of the raw materials is 100%;

the nickel-based alloy system comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.10-0.82% of carbon, 2.50-4.50% of silicon, 0.50-3.60% of boron, 2.10-26.03% of iron, 5.30-18.00% of chromium and the balance of nickel, wherein the sum of the percentages of the raw materials is 100%;

the iron-based tungsten carbide system comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 70-95% of the iron-based alloy system, 5-30% of tungsten carbide, and the sum of the percentages of the raw materials is 100%;

the nickel-based tungsten carbide system comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 70-95% of the nickel-based alloy system and 5-30% of tungsten carbide, wherein the sum of the percentages of the raw materials is 100%.

2. The method for manufacturing the engraving die by adding and subtracting materials according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the modeling software adopts any one of Solidworks and CAD.

3. The method for increasing or decreasing materials for manufacturing an engraving cutting die as claimed in claim 1, wherein the substrate processing in step (3) and the high-precision engraving processing in step (5) are performed by a high-precision numerically controlled machine tool with a processing precision of 1 μm.

4. The method for increasing or decreasing materials for manufacturing an engraving cutting die according to claim 1 or 3, wherein in the step (3), the substrate is a metal plane substrate or a cylindrical substrate.

5. The method for increasing or decreasing materials for manufacturing an engraving knife mold according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the metal 3D printing comprises any one of selective laser melting technology (SLM) and laser near net shape (LENS).