CN113118459B

CN113118459B - Method for preparing blade through low-temperature laser cladding and metal-based composite powder for 3D printing

Info

Publication number: CN113118459B
Application number: CN202110424027.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘军; 许淑溶; 赵风君
Original assignee: Central South University
Current assignee: Central South University
Priority date: 2021-04-20
Filing date: 2021-04-20
Publication date: 2022-04-22
Anticipated expiration: 2041-04-20
Also published as: CN113118459A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing a blade by low-temperature laser cladding, which comprises the following steps: s1, selecting raw materials and a proportion for preparing the blade according to a preset performance index of the blade, and ball-milling the raw materials with the preset proportion by using a high-energy ball mill to obtain metal-based composite powder; s2, selecting a substrate with an adaptive type and size according to the preset performance index and specification requirement of the blade; s3, designing a blade model by using three-dimensional modeling software according to a design drawing of the blade; s4, guiding the blade model designed in the S3 into laser cladding equipment, setting various parameters according to preset requirements, then printing, and preparing a blade primary blank on the substrate; s5, performing finish machining on the blade primary blank obtained in the S4 by a numerical control machine tool to obtain a blade; and discloses a metal-based composite powder for 3D printing. In the process of preparing the blade, the invention adopts low-temperature laser cladding, thereby avoiding the problems of blade mechanical property reduction caused by dissolution of reinforced particles in the cladding process, oxidation, deformation and the like caused by overheating of a substrate. The method provided by the invention is not only a process for preparing the blade with great development potential and application prospect, but also provides new power for the novel manufacturing technology to the conventional manufacturing process change.

Description

Method for preparing blade through low-temperature laser cladding and metal-based composite powder for 3D printing

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of engraving cutter die forming and manufacturing, in particular to a method for preparing a cutter blade through low-temperature laser cladding and metal-based composite powder for 3D printing.

Background

The mould is indispensable equipment in the modern manufacturing industry, is mainly used for producing relevant parts and parts in industrial products in high efficiency and large volume, and is an important component of the equipment manufacturing industry. The cutting die is a stamping die for molding and blanking leather, rubber and plastic products, is widely applied to printing and packaging, leather products, shoe industry, toys, automobiles, electronic materials and the like, has high precision, high complexity, high consistency, high productivity and low consumption when used for producing finished products, and is incomparable with other processing and manufacturing methods. The carving cutting die has the characteristics of high precision, high stamping frequency bearing capability, difficult deformation, long service life and the like, and becomes one of widely applied cutting die types. The blade point of traditional sculpture cutting die is carved by a monoblock base plate through the digit control machine tool and forms, through linear cutting, the spot facing work, rough machining, finish machining, finally accomplishes the shaping of blade point. In the preparation process of the traditional blade, most of substrates need to be cut to form a blade primary blank, so that the material consumption is high and the blade primary blank cannot be recycled. In addition, after rough machining, the cutter point can reach ideal hardness only through multiple heat treatments, the heat treatment period is long, and the problems of long process flow, difficult quality control and the like exist.

In recent years, the rise of metal 3D printing technology overturns the manufacturing concept of the traditional manufacturing industry, and due to the unique superiority, the metal 3D printing technology is widely applied to the industries of aerospace, microelectronics, medical treatment, jewelry and the like. The principle is that according to a designed three-dimensional model, high-energy beams are used as an input heat source, and a workpiece is printed by melting or sintering metal powder in a layer-by-layer overlapping mode. Among a plurality of metal 3D printing technologies, the laser cladding technology has the advantages of wide material selection range, low cladding layer dilution rate, realization of good metallurgical bonding of the cladding layer and a substrate, fine crystal grains of the cladding layer structure, good mechanical property, realization of automation, short manufacturing period and the like, so that the laser cladding technology becomes the most commonly used technology in metal 3D printing.

The die steel is the most commonly used material of the traditional cutting die, along with the rapid development of new industrial technology and the continuous improvement of environmental protection consciousness, the die steel can not meet the performance requirements of various application fields, but since the appearance of the metal-based composite material, the bottleneck of performance reinforcement of the traditional material is broken through, and the metal-based composite material has the characteristics of high specific strength, high specific modulus, high hardness, good wear resistance and the like, and is an ideal material for preparing the blade. The laser cladding material mainly comprises iron-based, nickel-based, cobalt-based, titanium-based and other metal powders and metal-based composite powders thereof, and because the melting point of the laser cladding material is higher, the temperature required by cladding the powders can be achieved by using higher laser power, so that the dissolution of reinforced particles is easy to cause, and the performance of the formed part is reduced, for example, after WC is dissolved, C is easy to react with oxygen to generate CO2, micropores are formed in the gas escape process, and the micropores are formed under the protection of argon, so that the density of the formed part is reduced; on the other hand, the dissolution of WC reduces the content of reinforcing phases and thus the mechanical properties of the shaped parts. Similarly, diamond is susceptible to decomposition at higher laser powers. Meanwhile, the substrate around the formed part is also easily oxidized seriously due to overheating; on the other hand, the requirement of high laser power on the laser is high, the equipment cost is increased, and the substrate is easy to deform due to extremely high temperature, and a smooth cutting die is difficult to prepare, so that a thicker substrate needs to be adopted, and the material cost is further increased.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for preparing a blade by low-temperature laser cladding, which is not only a process for preparing the blade with great development potential and application prospect, but also provides new power for the conventional manufacturing process change for a novel manufacturing technology. In order to solve the above problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:

the invention discloses a method for preparing a blade by low-temperature laser cladding, which comprises the following steps:

s1, selecting raw materials and a proportion for preparing the blade according to a preset performance index of the blade, and ball-milling the raw materials with the preset proportion by using a high-energy ball mill to obtain metal-based composite powder;

s2, selecting a substrate with an adaptive type and size according to the preset performance index and specification requirement of the blade;

s3, designing a blade model by using three-dimensional modeling software according to a design drawing of the blade;

s4, guiding the blade model designed in the S3 into laser cladding equipment, setting various parameters according to preset requirements, then printing, and preparing a blade primary blank on the substrate;

and S5, performing finish machining on the blade primary blank obtained in the S4 by adopting a numerical control machine tool to obtain the blade.

Further, in S1, the metal-based composite powder is a component-adjustable micron-sized metal-based composite powder for 3D printing, and the metal-based composite powder is composed of a metal-based powder and reinforcing particles; the metal-based powder is at least one of copper-based alloy, aluminum-based alloy and magnesium-based alloy, the metal-based powder is spherical powder, and the particle size of the spherical powder is 80-160 mu m; the reinforcing particles are at least one of micron-sized or nano-sized titanium carbide, tungsten carbide, silicon carbide, boron nitride, boron carbide and diamond. Wherein the metal-based powder is a powder having good sphericity and high fluidity.

Further, in S1, in the ball milling step, the ball-to-material ratio is 5: 1, the ball milling time is 5-15h, the rotating speed is 10-60 rpm, and the particle size of the powder after ball milling is 75-150 μm. Wherein, the metal-based composite powder after ball milling is still spherical powder with good fluidity.

Further, the metal-based powder is a copper-based alloy powder, and the copper-based alloy powder is selected from any one of the following A, B, C, D groups:

the group A comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 7.00 to 9.00 percent of tin, 0.03 to 0.35 percent of phosphorus, less than or equal to 0.20 percent of zinc, less than or equal to 0.20 percent of nickel, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of iron, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of lead and the balance of copper;

the group B comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 19.00 to 21.00 percent of tin, less than or equal to 0.80 percent of phosphorus, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of iron, less than or equal to 0.80 percent of lead and the balance of copper;

the group C comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: less than or equal to 0.10 percent of tin, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of phosphorus, less than or equal to 0.50 percent of zinc, 3.50 to 5.50 percent of nickel, 3.50 to 5.50 percent of iron, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of lead, 9.50 to 11.00 percent of aluminum, less than or equal to 0.30 percent of manganese, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of silicon, and the balance of copper;

the group D comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 11.50 to 13.00 percent of tin, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of phosphorus, less than or equal to 2.00 percent of zinc, 1.50 to 2.50 percent of nickel, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of iron, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of lead, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of aluminum, less than or equal to 0.20 percent of manganese, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of silicon, less than or equal to 0.50 percent of antimony, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of sulfur and the balance of copper.

Further, the metal-based powder is an aluminum-based alloy powder selected from any one of the following groups E, F, G:

the group E comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: less than or equal to 0.01 percent of tin, less than or equal to 0.30 percent of zinc, 0 to 1.00 percent of iron, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of lead, 0.20 to 0.50 percent of manganese, 8.00 to 10.50 percent of silicon, less than or equal to 0.30 percent of copper, 0.17 to 0.3 percent of magnesium, and the balance of aluminum;

the group F comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.25 percent of zinc, 0.50 percent of iron, 0.30 to 1.0 percent of manganese, 3.80 to 4.90 percent of copper, 1.2 to 1.8 percent of magnesium, 0.10 percent of chromium and the balance of aluminum;

the group G comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 5.10 to 6.10 percent of zinc, 0.50 percent of iron, 0.30 percent of manganese, 0.40 percent of silicon, 1.20 to 2.0 percent of copper, 2.10 to 2.90 percent of magnesium, 0.18 to 0.28 percent of chromium, 0.20 percent of titanium and the balance of aluminum.

Further, the metal-based powder is magnesium-based alloy powder, and the magnesium-based alloy powder is selected from any one of the following H, I, J groups:

the group H comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.45 to 0.90 percent of zinc, less than or equal to 0.001 percent of nickel, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of iron, 8.50 to 9.50 percent of aluminum, 0.45 to 0.90 percent of manganese, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of silicon, less than or equal to 0.025 percent of copper and the balance of magnesium;

the group I comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.60 to 1.40 percent of zinc, less than or equal to 0.001 percent of nickel, less than or equal to 0.003 percent of iron, 2.50 to 3.50 percent of aluminum, 0.20 to 1.00 percent of manganese, less than or equal to 0.08 percent of silicon, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of copper, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of calcium, and the balance of magnesium;

the group J comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 5.00 to 6.00 percent of zinc, less than or equal to 0.005 percent of nickel, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of iron, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of aluminum, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of manganese, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of silicon, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of copper, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of beryllium, 0.30 to 0.90 percent of zirconium and the balance of magnesium.

Further, when the reinforcing particles in the metal-based composite powder are titanium carbide, tungsten carbide, silicon carbide, boron nitride or boron carbide, the mass percentage of the reinforcing particles is 5-30%; when the reinforcing particles in the metal matrix composite powder are diamond, the volume ratio of the reinforcing particles is 12.5-25.0%.

Further, in step S2, the substrate is any one of an iron-based alloy, an aluminum-based alloy, and a magnesium-based alloy; the three-dimensional modeling software in the step S3 is any one of Solidworks, 3ds max, and AutoCAD.

Further, in S4, the blade model is introduced into a laser cladding device, the three-dimensional digital model is discretized into powder layer slices with predetermined layer thicknesses and sequences by using a slicing technique, a contour generated by each layer of powder layer slice is extracted and converted into a G-code according to the powder layer slice contour, the laser cladding device is vacuumized, argon gas is introduced, and printing is performed according to the generated G-code, so as to obtain a blade blank.

Further, when the blade edge primary blank is printed, the parameters are as follows: the thickness of the powder layer slice is 0.1-1.0mm, the laser power is 50-400W, the argon gas flow is 1-10L/min, the laser scanning speed is 50-300mm/min, the powder feeding speed is 0.1-1.0r/min, and the printing precision of laser cladding is 0.2 mm.

The invention relates to a micron-sized metal-based composite powder for 3D printing, which consists of metal-based powder and reinforcing particles, wherein,

the metal-based powder is a copper-based alloy powder having any one of the following groups A, B, C, D:

the group D comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 11.50 to 13.00 percent of tin, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of phosphorus, less than or equal to 2.00 percent of zinc, 1.50 to 2.50 percent of nickel, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of iron, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of lead, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of aluminum, less than or equal to 0.20 percent of manganese, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of silicon, less than or equal to 0.50 percent of antimony, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of sulfur and the balance of copper;

alternatively, the metal-based powder is an aluminum-based alloy powder of any one of the following groups E, F, G:

the group G comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 5.10 to 6.10 percent of zinc, 0.50 percent of iron, 0.30 percent of manganese, 0.40 percent of silicon, 1.20 to 2.0 percent of copper, 2.10 to 2.90 percent of magnesium, 0.18 to 0.28 percent of chromium, 0.20 percent of titanium and the balance of aluminum;

alternatively, the metal-based powder is a magnesium-based alloy powder having any one of the following groups H, I, J:

the group J comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 5.00 to 6.00 percent of zinc, less than or equal to 0.005 percent of nickel, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of iron, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of aluminum, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of manganese, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of silicon, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of copper, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of beryllium, 0.30 to 0.90 percent of zirconium and the balance of magnesium;

the reinforcing particles are at least one of micron-sized or nano-sized titanium carbide, tungsten carbide, silicon carbide, boron nitride, boron carbide and diamond.

The method for preparing the blade by low-temperature laser cladding has the beneficial effects that:

the laser cladding technology and the research and development of the low-melting-point metal-based composite powder are combined, the blade primary blank forming is realized through three-dimensional additive manufacturing, and then the final blade forming processing is carried out by using a numerical control machine. The additive manufacturing process avoids the problems of raw material waste, waste discharge and the like in the traditional process, and a low-cost and environment-friendly blade forming process is constructed. Meanwhile, the cutter point primary blank can meet various performance indexes of the cutter point without subsequent heat treatment, thereby greatly reducing the processing procedures and shortening the processing period. In addition, in order to prolong the service life of the blade and solve the problems of enhanced particle dissolution, performance reduction of a formed part, substrate oxidation, deformation and the like in the laser cladding process, the invention researches and develops the metal matrix composite material with lower melting point, such as copper base, aluminum base, magnesium base and the like, which is required by the blade forming under lower power, and simultaneously realizes excellent metallurgical bonding property and blade performance under the low-power forming condition. The method for preparing the blade by low-temperature laser cladding and the composite powder thereof provided by the invention are not only a process for preparing the blade with great development potential and application prospect, but also provide new power for the novel manufacturing technology to reform the traditional manufacturing process.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the method steps of the first embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention better understood and make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, specific embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

It should be noted that the description of the embodiments is provided to help understanding of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

Example one

Referring to fig. 1, a method for preparing a blade by low-temperature laser cladding according to the embodiment includes the following steps:

s1, selecting raw materials for preparing the blade and the proportion according to the preset performance index of the blade, and ball-milling the raw materials with the preset proportion by using a high-energy ball mill to obtain metal-based composite powder;

s4, leading the blade model designed in the S3 into laser cladding equipment, setting various parameters according to preset requirements, then printing, and preparing a blade primary blank on a substrate;

As a preferred embodiment, the metal-based composite powder in S1 is a component-adjustable metal-based composite powder for micron-sized 3D printing, and the metal-based composite powder is composed of a metal-based powder and reinforcing particles; the metal-based powder is at least one of copper-based alloy, aluminum-based alloy and magnesium-based alloy, the metal-based powder is spherical powder, and the particle size of the spherical powder is 80-160 mu m; the reinforcing particles are at least one of micron-sized or nano-sized titanium carbide, tungsten carbide, silicon carbide, boron nitride, boron carbide and diamond. Wherein the metal-based powder is a powder having good sphericity and high fluidity.

Further preferably, the ball milling step in S1 is that the ball-to-feed ratio is 5: 1, the ball milling time is 5-15h, the rotating speed is 10-60 rpm, and the particle size of the powder after ball milling is 75-150 μm. Wherein, the metal-based composite powder after ball milling is still spherical powder with good fluidity.

Wherein, when the metal base powder is copper base alloy powder, the copper base alloy powder is selected from any one of the following A, B, C, D groups:

the group A comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 7.00 to 9.00 percent of tin, 0.03 to 0.35 percent of phosphorus, less than or equal to 0.20 percent of zinc, less than or equal to 0.20 percent of nickel, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of iron, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of lead and the balance of copper.

The group B comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 19.00 to 21.00 percent of tin, less than or equal to 0.80 percent of phosphorus, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of iron, less than or equal to 0.80 percent of lead and the balance of copper.

The group C comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: less than or equal to 0.10 percent of tin, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of phosphorus, less than or equal to 0.50 percent of zinc, 3.50 to 5.50 percent of nickel, 3.50 to 5.50 percent of iron, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of lead, 9.50 to 11.00 percent of aluminum, less than or equal to 0.30 percent of manganese, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of silicon, and the balance of copper.

When the metal-based powder is an aluminum-based alloy powder, the aluminum-based alloy powder is selected from any one of the following groups E, F, G:

the group E comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: less than or equal to 0.01 percent of tin, less than or equal to 0.30 percent of zinc, 0 to 1.00 percent of iron, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of lead, 0.20 to 0.50 percent of manganese, 8.00 to 10.50 percent of silicon, less than or equal to 0.30 percent of copper, 0.17 to 0.3 percent of magnesium and the balance of aluminum.

The group F comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.25 percent of zinc, 0.50 percent of ferrum, 0.30 to 1.0 percent of manganese, 3.80 to 4.90 percent of copper, 1.2 to 1.8 percent of magnesium, 0.10 percent of chromium and the balance of aluminum.

When the metal-based powder is a magnesium-based alloy powder, the magnesium-based alloy powder is selected from any one of the following groups H, I, J:

the group H comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.45 to 0.90 percent of zinc, less than or equal to 0.001 percent of nickel, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of iron, 8.50 to 9.50 percent of aluminum, 0.45 to 0.90 percent of manganese, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of silicon, less than or equal to 0.025 percent of copper and the balance of magnesium.

The group I comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.60 to 1.40 percent of zinc, less than or equal to 0.001 percent of nickel, less than or equal to 0.003 percent of iron, 2.50 to 3.50 percent of aluminum, 0.20 to 1.00 percent of manganese, less than or equal to 0.08 percent of silicon, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of copper, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of calcium, and the balance of magnesium.

Further preferably, when the reinforcing particles in the metal-matrix composite powder are titanium carbide, tungsten carbide, silicon carbide, boron nitride or boron carbide, the mass percentage of the reinforcing particles is 5-30%; when the reinforcing particles in the metal matrix composite powder are diamond, the volume ratio of the reinforcing particles is 12.5 to 25.0%.

In a further preferred embodiment, the substrate in step S2 is any one of an iron-based alloy, an aluminum-based alloy, and a magnesium-based alloy; the three-dimensional modeling software in the step S3 is any one of Solidworks, 3ds max and AutoCAD.

Preferably, in S4, the blade model is introduced into a laser cladding device, the three-dimensional digital model is discretized into powder layer slices with predetermined layer thicknesses and sequences by using a slicing technique, a profile generated by each layer of powder layer slice is extracted and converted into a G-code according to the powder layer slice profile, the laser cladding device is vacuumized, argon gas is introduced, and printing is performed according to the generated G-code, so as to obtain a blade blank.

Wherein, when printing the blade initial blank, each parameter is as follows: the thickness of the layer of the powder layer slice is 0.1-1.0mm, the laser power is 50-400W, the argon gas flow is 1-10L/min, the laser scanning speed is 50-300mm/min, the powder feeding speed is 0.1-1.0r/min, and the printing precision of laser cladding is 0.2 mm.

Example two

The method for preparing the blade through low-temperature laser cladding comprises the following steps:

step S1, preparing corresponding metal-based composite powder for 3D printing according to the requirements of each practical index of the blade edge: according to the copper-based-WC system, according to the designed component proportion, a high-energy ball mill is utilized to ball mill copper-based metal powder and WC powder to obtain composite powder, and drying operation is carried out on micron powder of the copper-based-WC system by using a drying oven to remove water in the micron powder.

Wherein the copper base alloy powder is selected from any one of the following A, B, C and D components:

group A: 92.23% Cu, 7.21% Sn, 0.30% P, 0.10% Zn, 0.10% Ni, 0.01% Fe, 0.05% Pb.

Group B: 78.17% Cu, 20.23% Sn, 0.78% P, 0.02% Fe, 0.80% Pb.

Group C: 82.05% Cu, 0.10% Sn, 0.01% P, 0.45% Zn, 3.56% Ni, 4.00% Fe, 0.02% Pb, 9.5% Al, 0.21% Mn, 0.10% Si.

Group D: 83.46% of Cu, 11.6% of Sn, 0.04% of P, 1.98% of Zn, 2.01% of Ni, 0.23% of Fe, 0.01% of Pb, 0.01% of Al, 0.15% of Mn, 0.01% of Si, 0.40% of Sb and 0.10% of S.

The copper-based-WC composite powder is selected from any one of the following four groups:

the component E comprises the following components in a copper-based-WC system: 90 wt.% of a component copper base alloy system, 10 wt.% diamond;

the component F comprises a copper-based-WC system component: 90 wt.% B component copper base alloy system, 10 wt.% diamond;

the G component is copper-based-WC system component: 90 wt.% C component copper base alloy system, 10 wt.% diamond;

h component copper base-WC system component: 90 wt.% D component copper base alloy system, 10 wt.% diamond;

step S2, selecting a substrate with a corresponding type and size according to the performance and specification requirements of the blade, polishing the plane of the substrate by using sand paper, removing an oxide film on the surface, cleaning by using acetone and drying;

step S3, modeling by using Solidworks according to a blade drawing, and designing a digital model;

step S4, placing the dried composite powder into a powder feeding system of laser cladding equipment, placing the substrate into a forming platform and adjusting the position, introducing the model into the laser cladding equipment (model: LDM8060), dispersing a continuous three-dimensional CAD digital-analog into powder layer slices with a certain layer thickness and sequence by using a slicing technology, extracting the profile generated by each layer of slice, and converting the profile into G-code, wherein the slice thickness is set to be 0.2mm, the laser power is controlled to be 100-300W, the inert gas flow is controlled to be 5L/min, the scanning speed is 100-200mm/min, and the powder feeding speed is 0.3 r/min. Vacuumizing equipment, introducing argon gas to prevent powder from being oxidized when the powder is molten, printing according to the generated G-code, and cladding to obtain a blade primary blank;

and step S5, moving the substrate to a high-precision numerical control machine tool, and performing finish machining on the primary blade blank to obtain a sharp and smooth final blade.

Detecting a cutting die result:

hardness of E component: 50-60HRC, no air holes and no cracks;

hardness of component F: 50-55HRC, no air holes and no cracks;

hardness of the G component: 60-70HRC, no air holes and no cracks;

hardness of H component: 50-60HRC, no air holes and no cracks.

E, F, G, H in this example has a different meaning from E, F, G, H in example one.

EXAMPLE III

step S1, preparing corresponding metal-based composite powder for 3D printing according to the requirements of each practical index of the blade edge: according to the designed component proportion, a high-energy ball mill is utilized to ball mill copper-based metal powder and diamond powder to obtain composite powder, and drying operation is carried out on copper-based-diamond system micron powder by using a drying oven to remove moisture in the micron powder.

group A: 92.23% Cu, 7.21% Sn, 0.30% P, 0.10% Zn, 0.10% Ni, 0.01% Fe, 0.05% Pb.

Group B: 78.17% Cu, 20.23% Sn, 0.78% P, 0.02% Fe, 0.80% Pb;

The copper-based-diamond composite powder is selected from any one of the following four groups:

e component copper-based-diamond system component: 87.5 vol.% of a component copper base alloy system, 12.5 vol.% diamond;

the component F comprises copper-based-diamond system components: 87.5 vol.% B component copper base alloy system, 12.5 vol.% diamond;

the G component copper-based-diamond system comprises the following components: 87.5 vol.% C component copper base alloy system, 12.5 vol.% diamond;

h component copper base-diamond system component: 87.5 vol.% D component copper base alloy system, 12.5 vol.% diamond;

step S4, placing the dried composite powder into a powder feeding system of laser cladding equipment, placing the substrate into a forming platform, adjusting the position, guiding the model into laser cladding equipment (model: LDM8060), dispersing a continuous three-dimensional CAD digital model into powder layer slices with a certain layer thickness and sequence by using a slicing technology, extracting the profile generated by each layer of slice, and converting the profile into G-code, wherein the layer thickness of the slice is set to be 0.3mm, the laser power is controlled to be 50-200W, the inert gas flow is controlled to be 5L/min, the scanning speed is 50-200mm/min, and the powder feeding speed is 0.4 r/min. Vacuumizing equipment, introducing argon gas to prevent powder from being oxidized when the powder is molten, printing according to the generated G-code, and cladding to obtain a blade primary blank;

Detecting a cutting die result:

hardness of E component: 50-65HRC, no air holes and no cracks;

hardness of component F: 50-70HRC, no air holes and no cracks;

hardness of the G component: 60-90HRC, no air holes and no cracks;

hardness of H component: 50-60HRC, no air holes and no cracks.

Example four

The metal-based composite powder for micron-sized 3D printing of the present embodiment is composed of metal-based powder and reinforcing particles, wherein,

the reinforcing particles are at least one of micron-sized or nano-sized titanium carbide, tungsten carbide, silicon carbide, boron nitride and boron carbide.

Preferably, the mass proportion of the reinforcing particles is 5-30%.

EXAMPLE five

the metal-based powder is an aluminum-based alloy powder of any one of the following groups E, F, G:

Preferably, when the reinforcing particles in the metal matrix composite powder are titanium carbide, tungsten carbide, silicon carbide, boron nitride or boron carbide, the mass percentage of the reinforcing particles is 5-30%; when the reinforcing particles in the metal matrix composite powder are diamond, the volume ratio of the reinforcing particles is 12.5 to 25.0%.

EXAMPLE six

the metal-based powder is magnesium-based alloy powder with any one of the following H, I, J groups:

the reinforcing particles are micro-or nano-scale diamond.

Preferably, the reinforcing particles are present in a volume fraction of 12.5% to 25.0%.

The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments.

The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. Various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations to these embodiments will occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a blade through low-temperature laser cladding is characterized by comprising the following steps:

the metal-based composite powder is micron-sized metal-based composite powder with adjustable components for 3D printing, and consists of metal-based powder and reinforcing particles;

the metal-based powder is at least one of copper-based alloy, aluminum-based alloy and magnesium-based alloy, the metal-based powder is spherical powder, and the particle size of the spherical powder is 80-160 mu m; the reinforcing particles are at least one of micron-sized or nano-sized titanium carbide, tungsten carbide, silicon carbide, boron nitride, boron carbide and diamond; when the reinforcing particles in the metal-based composite powder are titanium carbide, tungsten carbide, silicon carbide, boron nitride or boron carbide, the mass percentage of the reinforcing particles is 5-30%; when the reinforcing particles in the metal matrix composite powder are diamond, the volume ratio of the reinforcing particles is 12.5-25.0%;

wherein, the ball milling step is that the ball material ratio is 5: 1, ball milling time is 5-15h, rotating speed is 10-60 rpm, and the particle size of powder after ball milling is 75-150 μm;

when the metal base powder is copper base alloy powder, the copper base alloy powder is selected from any one of the following A, B, C, D groups: the group A comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 7.00 to 9.00 percent of tin, 0.03 to 0.35 percent of phosphorus, less than or equal to 0.20 percent of zinc, less than or equal to 0.20 percent of nickel, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of iron, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of lead and the balance of copper; the group B comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 19.00 to 21.00 percent of tin, less than or equal to 0.80 percent of phosphorus, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of iron, less than or equal to 0.80 percent of lead and the balance of copper; the group C comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: less than or equal to 0.10 percent of tin, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of phosphorus, less than or equal to 0.50 percent of zinc, 3.50 to 5.50 percent of nickel, 3.50 to 5.50 percent of iron, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of lead, 9.50 to 11.00 percent of aluminum, less than or equal to 0.30 percent of manganese, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of silicon, and the balance of copper; the group D comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 11.50 to 13.00 percent of tin, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of phosphorus, less than or equal to 2.00 percent of zinc, 1.50 to 2.50 percent of nickel, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of iron, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of lead, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of aluminum, less than or equal to 0.20 percent of manganese, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of silicon, less than or equal to 0.50 percent of antimony, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of sulfur and the balance of copper;

when the metal-based powder is an aluminum-based alloy powder, the aluminum-based alloy powder is selected from any one of the following E, F, G groups: the group E comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: less than or equal to 0.01 percent of tin, less than or equal to 0.30 percent of zinc, 0 to 1.00 percent of iron, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of lead, 0.20 to 0.50 percent of manganese, 8.00 to 10.50 percent of silicon, less than or equal to 0.30 percent of copper, 0.17 to 0.3 percent of magnesium, and the balance of aluminum; the group F comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.25 percent of zinc, 0.50 percent of iron, 0.30 to 1.0 percent of manganese, 3.80 to 4.90 percent of copper, 1.2 to 1.8 percent of magnesium, 0.10 percent of chromium and the balance of aluminum; the group G comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 5.10 to 6.10 percent of zinc, 0.50 percent of iron, 0.30 percent of manganese, 0.40 percent of silicon, 1.20 to 2.0 percent of copper, 2.10 to 2.90 percent of magnesium, 0.18 to 0.28 percent of chromium, 0.20 percent of titanium and the balance of aluminum;

when the metal-based powder is magnesium-based alloy powder, the magnesium-based alloy powder is any one component selected from the following H, I, J groups: the group H comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.45 to 0.90 percent of zinc, less than or equal to 0.001 percent of nickel, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of iron, 8.50 to 9.50 percent of aluminum, 0.45 to 0.90 percent of manganese, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of silicon, less than or equal to 0.025 percent of copper and the balance of magnesium; the group I comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.60 to 1.40 percent of zinc, less than or equal to 0.001 percent of nickel, less than or equal to 0.003 percent of iron, 2.50 to 3.50 percent of aluminum, 0.20 to 1.00 percent of manganese, less than or equal to 0.08 percent of silicon, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of copper, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of calcium, and the balance of magnesium; the group J comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 5.00 to 6.00 percent of zinc, less than or equal to 0.005 percent of nickel, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of iron, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of aluminum, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of manganese, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of silicon, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of copper, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of beryllium, 0.30 to 0.90 percent of zirconium and the balance of magnesium;

when the blade model is led into laser cladding equipment, a three-dimensional digital model is dispersed into powder layer slices with preset layer thickness and sequence by using a slicing technology, the contour generated by each layer of powder layer slice is extracted and converted into G-code according to the contour of the powder layer slice, the laser cladding equipment is vacuumized, argon is introduced, and printing is carried out according to the generated G-code to obtain a blade primary blank; the parameters when the cutter point primary blank is printed are as follows: the thickness of the powder layer slice is 0.1-1.0mm, the laser power is 50-400W, the argon gas flow is 1-10L/min, the laser scanning speed is 50-300mm/min, the powder feeding speed is 0.1-1.0r/min, and the printing precision of laser cladding is 0.2 mm;

2. A metal-based composite powder for micron-sized 3D printing, characterized in that the composite powder is composed of a metal-based powder and reinforcing particles, wherein,

3. The metal matrix composite powder for micron-sized 3D printing according to claim 2, wherein when the reinforcing particles in the metal matrix composite powder are titanium carbide, tungsten carbide, silicon carbide, boron nitride or boron carbide, the mass ratio of the reinforcing particles is 5-30%; when the reinforcing particles in the metal matrix composite powder are diamond, the volume ratio of the reinforcing particles is 12.5-25.0%.