CN109848665A - The preparation method of overlay clad hot-work die - Google Patents
The preparation method of overlay clad hot-work die Download PDFInfo
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- CN109848665A CN109848665A CN201910141064.6A CN201910141064A CN109848665A CN 109848665 A CN109848665 A CN 109848665A CN 201910141064 A CN201910141064 A CN 201910141064A CN 109848665 A CN109848665 A CN 109848665A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation methods of overlay clad hot-work die, comprising the following steps: carries out welding pretreatment to mould steel matrix and cladding material；Mould steel matrix after pretreatment is successively supported the preparation of layer and strengthening layer；It is molded that warm extrusion carried out by forming terrace die above through composite coating treated mould steel matrix, to complete the extrusion forming of mold cavity；It is post-processed to the molding mold of Warm Extrusion is completed.The preparation method of overlay clad hot-work die proposed by the present invention solves the problems, such as that its complex-curved built-up welding and quality of being difficult to of existing type cavity mould is difficult to control.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to hot-work die manufacturing technology field more particularly to a kind of preparation sides of overlay clad hot-work die
Method.
Background technique
The working environment of hot-work die is extremely severe, during military service due to being worn for a long time, it is burn into stress, cold
The effects of heat alternating, so that service life greatly reduces.Example is exactly one of in cause aluminium alloy casting die to fail the main reason for
The problem of soldering, occurs for die surface.This mold for just needing to be on active service under high temperature and pressure has excellent wearability, anti-oxidant
Property and corrosion resistance.In order to improve material property, material surface modifying technology becomes a hot spot, wherein plasma surfacing is
One of the advanced means of modified welding at present, built-up welding temperature is high, speed of welding is fast, duplication of production is good, welding quality is good, weldering
Connect that heat affected area is small, interface bond strength is high, tissue is fine and closely woven for welding, wear-resisting and good corrosion resistance, dilution rate are small, material property becomes
Change that small, stock utilization is high.However existing plasma arc powder surfacing equipment can only mostly realize the weldering of plane, cylindrical surface and the conical surface
It connects, such as roll overlaying, valve sealing surface build-up welding etc., since weldering drop is affected by gravity, it is difficult to be realized in controlled space multiple
Miscellaneous curved surface welding, therefore good built-up welding can not be carried out inside the mold cavity of forming.
Summary of the invention
The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation methods of overlay clad hot-work die, it is intended to solve existing type
Cavity mould its complex-curved be difficult to the uncontrollable problem of built-up welding and quality.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of overlay clad hot-work die, comprising the following steps:
Welding pretreatment is carried out to mould steel matrix and cladding material；
Mould steel matrix after pretreatment is successively supported the preparation of layer and strengthening layer；
It is molded that warm extrusion carried out by forming terrace die above through composite coating treated mould steel matrix, to complete mould type
The extrusion forming of chamber；
It is post-processed to the molding mold of Warm Extrusion is completed.
Preferably, when carrying out welding pretreatment to mould steel matrix, mould steel matrix needs are removed in welding surface
Dirt, and be cut into a volume in mould steel matrix lower part and need to be less than the hollow shape of mold inner-cavity volume to guarantee being subsequent
Process has enough machining allowance.
Preferably, the hollow shape of mould steel matrix cutting, it is molded to composite die steel warm extrusion by finite element software
Process carries out multiple finite element analysis optimization, obtains the distribution of the stress field and coating of temperature extension mould under different hollow shapes
Situation chooses the optimal hollow shape of molding effect.
Preferably, when being supported layer preparation to mould steel matrix, the mould steel matrix pre-processed is horizontally arranged
On the table, support layer material is austenitic heat-resistance steel or stainless steel electrode, completes built-up welding in matrix surface, polishes,
Form supporting layer.
Preferably, it is formed using powder plasma surfacing in support layer surface when carrying out strengthening layer preparation to mould steel matrix
Strengthening layer, layer surface of polishing, obtains one block of composite coating mould steel.
Preferably, the strengthening layer is mixed using tungsten carbide or chromium carbide and self-fluxing alloy powder.
Preferably, the mass percent that the tungsten carbide or chromium carbide account for strengthening layer is 10%-30%, and self-fluxing alloy powder is
Iron-based, Ni-based or Co-based alloy powder.
Preferably, carry out warm extrusion it is molded when, first by composite coating mould steel be integrally heated to preset extruding temperature with
Increase whole plastic deformation ability, squeezes temperature and determined according to cover performance, then by the composite coating mould steel after heating
It is placed on above lower cavity die, is squeezed composite coating mould steel to suitable down from coating side by the forming terrace die of suitable shape
When depth, so as to complete the extrusion forming of mold cavity.
Preferably, to complete the molding mold of Warm Extrusion carry out post-processing include excision overlap, polishing burr and heat at
Reason improves performance technique.
Preferably, when carrying out welding pretreatment to cladding material, cladding material is placed at 100~150 DEG C and is dried, and
It is placed in incubator and is saved.
The preparation method of overlay clad hot-work die proposed by the present invention, has the advantages that
1, overlay clad in die curve type chamber, traditional method are to carry out built-up welding after first manufacturing mold cavity, but plasma
The welding method of built-up welding must be perpendicular to welding plane, therefore built-up welding cannot be done directly on curved surface using plasma surfacing, this
Inventive method is first to complete built-up welding in the plane, forms the coating of needs, is squeezed the mold shape needed therewith, side
Just quick, it can more make full use of plasma surfacing, it is ensured that good built-up welding effect obtains uniform, smooth, impulse- free robustness, pore-free
Layer, solve the problems, such as that complex-curved built-up welding and the quality of being difficult to is difficult to control；
2, the design of overlay clad prefabricated blank advantageously reduces molding load, keeps the thickness uniformity of coating, gives full play to and cover
Layer effect；
3, with the method processing mold type chamber of overlay clad prefabricated blank extrusion forming, material is extruded rear tissue tight, improves
Intensity and wearability can sufficiently improve die life, reduce production cost.Be a kind of long-life, low cost heat make
Mould manufacturing method.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is molding a set of hot-work die schematic diagram in the preparation method of overlay clad hot-work die of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the preparation for completing compound layer and lower part has made the preform structure schematic diagram of hollow shape；
Fig. 3 is the process schematic of mold cavity extrusion forming；
Fig. 4 is the die curve type chamber schematic diagram after the completion of mold cavity squeezes；
Fig. 5 is the flow diagram of the preparation method of overlay clad hot-work die of the present invention.
In figure, 1- upper mold, 2- lower die, 3- forming convax mould, 4- mould steel matrix, 5- supporting layer, 6- strengthening layer, 7- Combined Welding
Layer, 8- overlap.
The embodiments will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings for the realization, the function and the advantages of the object of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not intended to limit the present invention.
It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, term " transverse direction ", " longitudinal direction ", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear",
The orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outside" is based on attached drawing institute
The orientation or positional relationship shown, is merely for convenience of description of the present invention and simplification of the description, and is not the dress of indication or suggestion meaning
It sets or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore should not be understood as to limit of the invention
System.In addition, term " first ", " second " etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or suggesting relative importance.
Referring to figs. 1 to Fig. 5, a kind of preparation method of overlay clad hot-work die, comprising the following steps:
Step S10 carries out welding pretreatment to mould steel matrix and cladding material；
Step S20, mould steel matrix after pretreatment are successively supported the preparation of layer and strengthening layer；
Step S30, it is molded above through composite coating treated mould steel matrix by forming terrace die to carry out warm extrusion, with complete
At the extrusion forming of mold cavity；
Step S40 is post-processed to the molding mold of Warm Extrusion is completed.
In step S10, when carrying out welding pretreatment to mould steel matrix, mould steel matrix needs to derust in welding surface
Dedusting, and be cut into after a volume needs to be less than the hollow shape of mold inner-cavity volume to guarantee to be in mould steel matrix lower part
Continuous process has enough machining allowance.When carrying out welding pretreatment to cladding material, cladding material is placed in 100~
It is dried at 150 DEG C, and is placed in incubator and is saved.
The hollow shape of mould steel matrix cutting carries out composite die steel Warm Extrusion forming process by finite element software
Multiple finite element analysis obtains the distribution situation of the stress field of temperature extension mould and coating under different hollow shapes, is selected to
The optimal hollow shape of type effect.
In step S20, when being supported layer preparation to mould steel matrix, the mould steel matrix level pre-processed is put
It sets on the table, support layer material is austenitic heat-resistance steel or stainless steel electrode, completes built-up welding in matrix surface, is beaten
Mill forms supporting layer.
Strengthening layer is formed in support layer surface using powder plasma surfacing when carrying out strengthening layer preparation to mould steel matrix,
Polishing layer surface, obtains one block of composite coating mould steel.Strengthening layer is mixed using tungsten carbide or chromium carbide and self-fluxing alloy powder
Conjunction is made.Tungsten carbide or chromium carbide account for strengthening layer mass percent be 10%-30%, self-fluxing alloy powder be it is iron-based, Ni-based or
Co-based alloy powder.Tungsten carbide or chromium carbide powder proportion can be optimal performance generally between 10% to 30%.It is Ni-based
It is currently used most commonly used, because the alloy rigidity is lower, good toughness, resistant to high temperatures, wear-resisting, corrosion resistance and good is easy to
Machining.Iron-based great advantage be it is cheap, it is at low cost, but poor processability.Cobalt-based has heat-resisting, wear-resisting, corrosion resistant
The superior functions such as erosion, resistance to high temperature oxidation, but because expensive, what is used is seldom.
In step S30, when progress warm extrusion is molded, composite coating mould steel is integrally first heated to preset extruding temperature
To increase whole plastic deformation ability, heating temperature is mainly determined according to cover performance, then by the composite coating after heating
Mould steel is placed on above lower cavity die, is squeezed composite coating mould steel down from coating side by the forming terrace die of suitable shape
It is depressed into depth appropriate, so as to complete the extrusion forming of mold cavity.
In step S40, post-processing is carried out including cutting off overlap, polishing burr and heat to the molding mold of Warm Extrusion is completed
Processing improves performance technique, and it is modifier treatment that common heat treatment, which improves performance technique, and temperature is determined by basis material.
It is illustrated below with two embodiments.
Embodiment 1
(1) use H13 hot die steel for basis material, size is 70mm × 50mm × 30mm, and wherein 30mm is height, support
The preferable austenitic heat-resistance steel 0Cr25Ni20 of layer choosing welding performance, Ni60 (NiCrBSi) and WC powder are as strengthening layer alloy
Powder, WC powder mass fraction accounting example are 15%, and mold shape is as shown in Figure 3.Pretreatment work mainly includes cladding material
Drying and matrix surface processing.Multiple finite element fraction is carried out to composite die steel Warm Extrusion forming process using finite element software
Analysis obtains the distribution situation of the stress field of temperature extension mould and coating under different hollow shapes, and it is optimal to choose molding effect
Prefabricated blank shape.It is cut into an arc-shaped hollow shape in mould steel matrix lower part, as shown in Figure 2.Steel plate is needed before weldering
It is preheated, preheating temperature is 300 DEG C, soaking time 2h, and preheating can reduce the temperature gradient between substrate and coating, drop
Thermal stress between low coating and matrix, to avoid coating cracked.
(2) in mould steel matrix surface overlaying supporting layer, welding layer material is austenitic heat-resistance steel 0Cr25Ni20, thickness
4mm.Supporting layer Ni60/WC strengthening layer prepared above is welded in using powder plasma heap.Using argon gas as plasma (orifice) gas, powder feeding
Ni60 powder is put into synchronous powder feeder by gas and ion-gas, and WC powder is packed into outer powder feeding container, sets technological parameter, tests
Used in welding current be 90A, amplitude of fluctuation 5mm, welding gun forward speed be 20mm/min, setting electric arc pressure be 35V, weldering
Rifle nozzle is 10mm away from matrix distance, and welding gun powder feed rate is 20g/min, and outer powder feed rate is 5g/min, ion-gas argon gas stream
Amount is 7L/min, and protective gas argon flow 6L/min, powder feeding gas argon flow is 6L/min, and outer powder feeding gas argon flow is
4L /min.Start numerical control operation, complete the surfacing of strengthening layer, with a thickness of 4mm, obtains composite die steel.
(3) obtained composite die steel layer surface is subjected to grinding process, makes surfacing.It is heated in heating furnace
850 DEG C, with good plasticity, corresponding shape formed punch is selected according to type chamber, and consider to be heat-shrinked, this example punch shape
As shown in figure 3, there is corresponding curve form on head.The composite die steel heated is placed on recessed mold, punching is utilized
Head squeezes under 100kN pressure to appropriate depth, completes the molding of mold cavity.
(4) overlap after extrusion forming is cut off, and polished whole, workpiece is finally heated to 1020 DEG C
2h is kept the temperature, takes out after sample that oil is as cold as room temperature at once, it is air-cooled to be again heated to 600 DEG C of heat preservation 2h, completes heat treatment, obtains finally
Mold.
Embodiment 2
Metallic matrix uses 5CrMnMo steel, and having a size of 60mm × 40mm × 25mm, wherein 25mm is height.Supporting layer is selected difficult to understand
Family name's body heat resisting steel 0Cr23Ni13, Fe60 and Cr3C2Powder is as strengthening layer alloy powder.It is obtained most using finite element analysis software
Excellent shape prefabricated blank is cut into hollow shape in 5CrMnMo steel matrix lower part, and clears up surface impurity, welding rod and alloy powder
Drying and cooling in matrix surface built-up welding 4mm thickness supporting layer and is polished, and Fe60 is packed into synchronous powder feeder, Cr3C2It is packed into outer powder feeder,
In supporting layer upper plasma surfacing Fe60/ Cr3C2Strengthening layer, wherein Cr3C2Proportion is 20%, is welded used in experiment
Electric current is 80A, and amplitude of fluctuation 5mm, welding gun forward speed is 20mm/min, and setting electric arc pressure is 35V, and torch nozzle is away from matrix
Distance is 10mm, and welding gun powder feed rate is 19g/min, and outer powder feed rate is 6g/min, and ion-gas argon flow is 7L/min, is protected
Shield gas argon flow is 6L/min, and powder feeding gas argon flow is 5L/min, and outer powder feeding gas argon flow is 4L/min.It is answered
Close mould steel.Polishing coating removes impurity immediately, and metal is integrally heated to 1050 DEG C, is placed horizontally on lower cavity die, selects
There is the formed punch of corresponding curved surface entity on suitable size, head, are pressed down against properly to the composite die steel of heating from coating side
Depth obtains final curve-surface cavity shape, finally cuts away extra spilling, completes polishing, and workpiece is heated to 830 DEG C of heat preservations
2h, takes out after sample that oil is as cold as room temperature at once, and it is air-cooled to be again heated to 600 DEG C of heat preservation 2h, completes to be heat-treated, obtains final mould
Tool.
The preparation method of overlay clad hot-work die proposed by the present invention, has the advantages that
1, overlay clad in die curve type chamber, traditional method are to carry out built-up welding after first manufacturing mold cavity, but plasma
The welding method of built-up welding must be perpendicular to welding plane, therefore built-up welding cannot be done directly on curved surface using plasma surfacing, this
Inventive method is first to complete built-up welding in the plane, forms the coating of needs, is squeezed the mold shape needed therewith, side
Just quick, it can more make full use of plasma surfacing, it is ensured that good built-up welding effect obtains uniform, smooth, impulse- free robustness, pore-free
Layer, solve the problems, such as that complex-curved built-up welding and the quality of being difficult to is difficult to control；
2, the design of overlay clad prefabricated blank advantageously reduces molding load, keeps the thickness uniformity of coating, gives full play to and cover
Layer effect；
3, with the method processing mold type chamber of overlay clad prefabricated blank extrusion forming, material is extruded rear tissue tight, improves
Intensity and wearability can sufficiently improve die life, reduce production cost.Be a kind of long-life, low cost heat make
Mould manufacturing method.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, all to utilize this hair
Equivalent structure transformation made by bright specification and accompanying drawing content is applied directly or indirectly in other relevant technical fields,
Similarly it is included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of preparation method of overlay clad hot-work die, which comprises the following steps:
Welding pretreatment is carried out to mould steel matrix and cladding material；
Mould steel matrix after pretreatment is successively supported the preparation of layer and strengthening layer；
It is molded that warm extrusion carried out by forming terrace die above through composite coating treated mould steel matrix, to complete mould type
The extrusion forming of chamber；
It is post-processed to the molding mold of Warm Extrusion is completed.
2. the preparation method of overlay clad hot-work die as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that mould steel matrix into
When row welding pretreatment, mould steel matrix is needed in welding surface derusting dedusting, and is cut into one in mould steel matrix lower part
Volume needs to be less than the hollow shape of mold inner-cavity volume to guarantee to have enough machining allowance for following process process.
3. the preparation method of overlay clad hot-work die as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that mould steel matrix cutting
Hollow shape optimization carries out multiple finite element analysis to composite die steel Warm Extrusion forming process by finite element software, obtains
The distribution situation of the stress field of temperature extension mould and coating under different hollow shapes chooses the optimal hollow shape of molding effect
Shape.
4. the preparation method of overlay clad hot-work die as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that carried out to mould steel matrix
When prepared by supporting layer, the mould steel matrix pre-processed is horizontal positioned on the table, support layer material is that austenite is resistance to
Hot steel or stainless steel welding rod completes built-up welding in matrix surface, polishes, form supporting layer.
5. the preparation method of overlay clad hot-work die as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that carried out to mould steel matrix
Strengthening layer is formed in support layer surface using powder plasma surfacing when prepared by strengthening layer, layer surface of polishing, one piece of acquisition multiple
Close coating mould steel.
6. the preparation method of overlay clad hot-work die as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the strengthening layer uses carbon
Change tungsten or chromium carbide and self-fluxing alloy powder is mixed.
7. the preparation method of overlay clad hot-work die as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the tungsten carbide or carbonization
The mass percent that chromium accounts for strengthening layer is 10%-30%, and self-fluxing alloy powder is iron-based, Ni-based or Co-based alloy powder.
8. the preparation method of overlay clad hot-work die as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that it is molded to carry out warm extrusion
When, composite coating mould steel is integrally first heated to preset extruding temperature to increase whole plastic deformation ability, squeezes temperature
It is determined, then the composite coating mould steel after heating is placed on above lower cavity die, by suitable according to composite coating performance
The forming terrace die of shape squeezes composite coating mould steel down to depth appropriate, so as to complete mould type from coating side
The extrusion forming of chamber.
9. the preparation method of overlay clad hot-work die as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that completing, warm extrusion is molded
Mold carry out post-processing include excision overlap, polishing burr and heat treatment improve performance technique.
10. the preparation method of overlay clad hot-work die as in one of claimed in any of claims 1 to 9, which is characterized in that right
Cladding material carry out welding pretreatment when, cladding material is placed at 100~150 DEG C and is dried, and be placed in incubator into
Row saves.
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| CN201910141064.6A CN109848665A (en) | 2019-02-26 | 2019-02-26 | The preparation method of overlay clad hot-work die |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110885978A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-03-17 | 芜湖点金机电科技有限公司 | Method for strengthening working belt of aluminum profile extrusion hot-working die |
| CN116060466A (en) * | 2023-02-07 | 2023-05-05 | 中国第一重型机械股份公司 | Roller composite extrusion method and roller |
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| CN116060466A (en) * | 2023-02-07 | 2023-05-05 | 中国第一重型机械股份公司 | Roller composite extrusion method and roller |
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