CN1040843C - 大型柴油机废气的净化方法及设备 - Google Patents

大型柴油机废气的净化方法及设备 Download PDF

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CN1040843C
CN1040843C CN93105245A CN93105245A CN1040843C CN 1040843 C CN1040843 C CN 1040843C CN 93105245 A CN93105245 A CN 93105245A CN 93105245 A CN93105245 A CN 93105245A CN 1040843 C CN1040843 C CN 1040843C
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waste gas
fuel
diesel fuel
diesel engine
diesel
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CN1080560A (zh
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J·福伦怀达
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Xinsu She Diesel Engine Co ltd
Winterthur Gas and Diesel AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0027—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation by direct contact between vapours or gases and the cooling medium
    • B01D5/003—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation by direct contact between vapours or gases and the cooling medium within column(s)
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0057—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation in combination with other processes
    • B01D5/0075—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation in combination with other processes with heat exchanging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/002—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by condensation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/04—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using liquids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/04—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using liquids
    • F01N3/043—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using liquids without contact between liquid and exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F7/00—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames
    • F02F2007/0097—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames for large diesel engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

本发明的净化方法包括下列步骤：将大型柴油机(21)排出的废气冷却至100℃；使冷却的废气在冷凝区(3)中与喷射柴油机燃料接触，废气中所含烃类在柴油机燃料液滴上冷凝出来；经上述处理的废气在液滴分离器(9)中与冷凝液滴分离。菜油甲酯是一种特别合适的燃料。

Description

大型柴油机废气的净化方法及设备
大型柴油机的运转，使用低级燃料如高粘性重油时，常导致可观的烟尘排放。烟尘由非常小的微粒构成，油烟粒子及其附着的粘性烃类形成了这些微粒。硫酸盐、水及磨擦产生的金属微粒也沉积在油烟粒子上。克服这种柴油机烟尘的方法有多种，大致可分为两类，实际上一类方法治因，另一类则治果。使用较高级的燃料、加入添加剂促进燃烧、以及通过构造或操作上的措施来改进燃烧过程，都属于第一类方法。第二类则包括对废气进行后续处理的方法。这些对废气进行后续处理的方法又可分成使个别微粒成份减少的处理方法，如后燃烧或催化氧化；以及旨在分离出所有微粒的处理方法，如旋风式、静电式、整体式或袋式滤器分离。然而所有已知方法仍存在很多不足之处，例如效率低、投资及(或)运转费用高、有废物处理问题或者运转不安全。如果上述微粒中含有大量粘性烃类，则使用后一类方法尤其会受到限制。
本发明的目的在于，创造一种净化大型柴油机废气的新方法，通过简单而廉价的措施，使上述不足大大减少，甚至完全避免。
本发明达到这一目的的作法是，将大型柴油机排放的废气冷却至100℃左右，使冷却气体与喷射的柴油机燃料相接触，废气中所含的烃在燃料液滴上冷凝出来，将这样处理过的废气与冷凝液滴分离。本专利申请中所称的“柴油机燃料”，是指可用于按柴油机工艺规程运转的发动机中的每一种燃料。
这些方法的指导思想是，通过向废气中人工引入由柴油机燃料构成的冷凝粒子，使烃以可控的方式冷凝，然后将它们从废气中除掉。这样做的独特优点在于，收集到的冷凝物又可作为大型柴油机的燃料使用。高沸点的燃料，例如菜油甲酯，特别适合作为喷射燃料。
一种实施本发明指定方法的设备的特征在于，在与大型柴油机相连的排气管(从废气流动的方向看)中，配置了热交换器、冷凝区和分离器，冷凝区至少配置一个喷嘴，与柴油机燃料源相通。以下的说明将借助附图更详细地说明本发明方法的实施例。附图图示了实施本方法的设备。
以重油为主要燃料运转的大型柴油机21，其废气口20上连接(连接方式未详细画出)着废气管1，导向热交换器2。热交换器2(其辅助侧上有水流过)的出口连接冷凝区3，冷凝区内配置至少一个喷嘴6，柴油机燃料如菜油甲酯通过管道22供给喷嘴。通过管道7还向喷嘴6供送压缩空气，藉此将柴油机燃料在喷嘴6中雾化成很细的液滴。沿着废气流方向(箭头A)，在喷嘴6前部配置至少一个喷嘴8，通过管道23向它供水。沿着废气流方向，在喷嘴6后部配置液滴分离器9，其后部配置至少一个洗涤喷嘴24。沿着废气流方向，洗涤喷嘴24后部连接管道25，净化过的废气(箭头B)由此从净化设备进入大气。液滴分离器9中分离出的液体通过管道10供给储存柴油机燃料源的油箱4。与该油箱连接的还有管道22，其中装有油泵5用于将作冷凝剂使用的柴油机燃料输送到喷嘴6。
为向油箱4供给柴油机燃料而安装了管道15，它通过控制阀18与油箱4相通，并与柴油机燃料源(未画出)相连。控制阀18受液面传感器17影响而控制油箱4中液面高度。管道15的支线19经过关闭阀28导向洗涤喷嘴24。油箱4底部附近连接着出口管道11，它有一个关闭阀12，通过文丘里管16与燃料循环器27相通，循环器27与大型柴油机21的燃料系统相连，连接方式未详细画出。油箱4的最深处连接着带有排液阀14的管道13，任何沉积物都可由此排出油箱。
上述设备如下操作：
从大型柴油机21的废气口20排出的废气，通常温度约为200℃至400℃，它通过废气管道1首先流向热交换器2，在那里废气被冷却至170℃左右。然后冷却的废气流向冷凝区3，冷凝区3的尺寸成一定规格使废气在0.5秒时间内通过冷凝区3。废气中所含的烃类被喷嘴6中喷射出的柴油机燃料冷凝出来，而且该过程被喷嘴8中额外喷射出的冷却水加速。这种额外冷却过程也确保了柴油机燃料不蒸发。由于采用喷射水，冷凝区3中形成约为100℃的温度。冷凝区3中形成的冷凝液滴随着废气流向液滴分离器9，在那里被分离并继续沿管道10流向油箱4。从液滴分离器9中排出的废气，经冷凝净化达到一定程度后，即可通过管道25排放至大气中。
通过洗涤喷嘴24，用柴油机燃料定期清洗液滴分离器9，柴油机燃料在关闭阀28开启后到达洗涤喷嘴。
经过管道10流向油箱4的冷凝液，比经由管道22供给的柴油机燃料粘性更高，结果会导致油箱内容物逐渐变稠。为了避免这种后果，聚积在油箱4底部的粘性最强的成份可经关闭阀12从油箱中定期排出，并且通过文丘里管16添加到在燃料循环器27中流动的燃料中去。
柴油也可在冷凝区3中作冷凝剂使用，尽管它并不属于高沸点燃料类。
按照本申请所保护的任何一种方法中的发明，废气的冷却过程可以分两阶段进行。而且按照本申请所保护的任何一种方法中的发明，将在冷凝区中分离出的冷凝液供给柴油机燃料源。本申请所保护的任何一种方法均适于使用高沸点柴油机燃料。

Claims (10)

1.一种净化大型柴油机废气的方法，其特征在于：将大型柴油机排出的废气冷却至100℃左右；使冷却的废气与喷射柴油机燃料接触，废气中所含的烃类在柴油机燃料液滴上冷凝出来；使经上述处理的废气与冷凝液滴分离。
2.一种根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于：柴油机燃料靠压缩空气来喷射。
3.一种根据权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于：废气在冷凝区中滞留的时间是0.5秒左右。
4.一种根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于：废气的冷却过程分两阶段进行。
5.一种根据权利要求4的方法，其特征在于：第一阶段冷却由热交换器进行；第二阶段是在热交换器与柴油机燃料喷射流之间向废气中喷水。
6.一种根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于：将在冷凝区中分离出的冷凝液供给柴油机燃料源。
7.一种根据权利要求6的方法，其特征在于：从柴油机燃料源底部定期排放部分储备燃料，供给用于大型柴油机的燃料。
8.一种根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于：柴油机燃料是高沸点燃料。
9.一种根据权利要求8的方法，其特征在于：燃料是菜油甲酯。
10.一种实施根据权利要求1的方法的设备，其特征在于：与大型柴油机(21)相连的废气管道(1)中(沿废气流动方向看)，依次配置热交换器(2)、冷凝区(3)和分离器(9)，冷凝区配备至少一个喷嘴(9)与柴油机燃料源(4)相通。
CN93105245A 1992-07-03 1993-04-29 大型柴油机废气的净化方法及设备 Expired - Fee Related CN1040843C (zh)

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GB2385011A (en) * 2002-02-07 2003-08-13 Accentus Plc Treatment of contaminated gas
CN101825040B (zh) * 2009-03-04 2012-07-04 上海恒锦动力科技有限公司 柴油发电机热能回收系统
WO2011104302A1 (en) 2010-02-25 2011-09-01 Alfa Laval Corporate Ab Exhaust gas and gas scrubber fluid cleaning equipment and method
DE102013218930A1 (de) * 2013-09-20 2015-04-16 Lubrisense Gmbh Mehrfach-Ölemissionsmessgerät für Motoren
JP6849849B1 (ja) * 2020-09-08 2021-03-31 株式会社三井Ｅ＆Ｓマシナリー 船舶排ガスの洗浄排水処理装置

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US3839846A (en) * 1972-05-03 1974-10-08 Teller Environmental Systems Process and apparatus for treatment of jet engine exhaust
US4522257A (en) * 1982-04-16 1985-06-11 Anton Steinecker Maschinenfabrik Gmbh Tub vapor condenser
EP0355317A2 (de) * 1988-07-07 1990-02-28 PFLEIDERER INDUSTRIE GMBH & CO. KG Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Reinigen von Trocknerabluft

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US3232029A (en) * 1960-10-14 1966-02-01 Celanese Corp Recovery of organic solvents from gaseous media
DE1953377A1 (de) * 1969-10-23 1971-07-08 Kaeltetechnik Gmbh Trier Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Ausscheidung von Giftstoffen aus Abgasen von Kraftmaschinen
FR2586204A1 (fr) * 1985-08-16 1987-02-20 Tissandier Paul Perfectionnements apportes aux dispositifs et aux procedes de depollution des fumees resultant de la combustion ou de l'incineration de produits

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US3839846A (en) * 1972-05-03 1974-10-08 Teller Environmental Systems Process and apparatus for treatment of jet engine exhaust
US4522257A (en) * 1982-04-16 1985-06-11 Anton Steinecker Maschinenfabrik Gmbh Tub vapor condenser
EP0355317A2 (de) * 1988-07-07 1990-02-28 PFLEIDERER INDUSTRIE GMBH & CO. KG Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Reinigen von Trocknerabluft

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DE59301151D1 (de) 1996-01-25
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DK0577543T3 (da) 1996-01-29
FI104107B1 (fi) 1999-11-15
JPH06117227A (ja) 1994-04-26
KR100284829B1 (ko) 2001-05-02
CN1080560A (zh) 1994-01-12
FI104107B (fi) 1999-11-15
EP0577543A1 (de) 1994-01-05
FI931430A (fi) 1994-01-04
KR940002474A (ko) 1994-02-17
ES2081197T3 (es) 1996-02-16
EP0577543B1 (de) 1995-12-13

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