CN104072675A - 一种阻燃电缆料用充油改性相容剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种阻燃电缆料用充油改性相容剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN104072675A
CN104072675A CN201410325614.7A CN201410325614A CN104072675A CN 104072675 A CN104072675 A CN 104072675A CN 201410325614 A CN201410325614 A CN 201410325614A CN 104072675 A CN104072675 A CN 104072675A
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cable material
resistant cable
compatilizer
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张本寿
钱家贵
汪国明
后学铸
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ANHUI HANGTIAN CABLE GROUP Co Ltd
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ANHUI HANGTIAN CABLE GROUP Co Ltd
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
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    • B29B7/58—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/72—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/04—Particle-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505—Screws
    • B29C48/625—Screws characterised by the ratio of the threaded length of the screw to its outside diameter [L/D ratio]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B9/00—Making granules
    • B29B9/02—Making granules by dividing preformed material
    • B29B9/06—Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of filamentary material, e.g. combined with extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/92704—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
    • B29C2948/92857—Extrusion unit
    • B29C2948/92876—Feeding, melting, plasticising or pumping zones, e.g. the melt itself
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种阻燃电缆料用充油改性相容剂及其制备方法，其特征是按质量份数的原料构成为：聚烯烃弹性体90～95份；线性低密度聚乙烯树脂5～10份；极性单体0.8～3份；过氧化物0.02～1份；白油20～50份。本发明在普通聚烯烃弹性体的马来酸酐接枝物的基础上进行充油改性，所制备的充油改性相容剂可以在不增加绝缘材料的硬度的前提下，改善阻燃剂与聚合物基体的界面结合，提高阻燃软电缆用绝缘材料的阻燃性能和力学性能。

Description

一种阻燃电缆料用充油改性相容剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种充油改性相容剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
阻燃软电缆用绝缘材料要求具有较低的硬度(邵氏硬度≤85A)和一定的拉伸强度(≥10MPa)。通常阻燃软电缆用绝缘材料的配方中除基材树脂外，还包括一定比例的阻燃剂和相容剂等组分。相容剂的应用是为了提高阻燃剂的分散效果，改善阻燃剂与聚合物基体的界面结合，提高绝缘材料的阻燃性能和力学性能。现有技术中，一般选用硬度较低的三元乙丙胶的马来酸酐接枝物作为相容剂来降低材料硬度，但是由于三元乙丙胶本身的力学性能差，难以提高阻燃软电缆用绝缘材料的拉伸强度。若选用力学性能好的线性低密度聚乙烯或者聚烯烃弹性体为基材树脂的马来酸酐接枝物作为相容剂，则拉伸强度可以达到要求。但是由于线性低密度聚乙烯或者聚烯烃弹性体自身的硬度较高，会使得阻燃软电缆用绝缘材料的硬度大幅度上升，难以达到小于85A的硬度要求。
发明内容
本发明是为避免上述现有技术所存在的不足之处，提供一种阻燃电缆料用充油改性相容剂及其制备方法，以提高阻燃软电缆用绝缘材料的阻燃性能和力学性能。
本发明为解决技术问题采用如下技术方案：
本发明阻燃电缆料用充油改性相容剂的特点是：按质量份数的原料构成为：
聚烯烃弹性体90～95份；   线性低密度聚乙烯树脂5～10份；
极性单体0.8～3份；        过氧化物0.02～1份；
白油20～50份。
本发明阻燃电缆料用充油改性相容剂的特点也在于：
所述聚烯烃弹性体的熔体流动速率为1～4g/10min、拉伸强度不小于12MPa。
所述线性低密度聚乙烯树脂为粉末状线性低密度聚乙烯树脂,密度为0.910～0.925g/cm3。
所述极性单体为马来酸酐。
所述过氧化物为过氧化二异丙苯。
所述白油为石蜡烃型，相对密度为0.87～0.89g/ml，闪点为226.5℃。
本发明阻燃电缆料充油改性相容剂的制备方法的特点是按如下步骤进行：
将聚烯烃弹性体、线性低密度聚乙烯树脂、极性单体和过氧化物在转速为750～1500r/min的高速混合机中混合4～6分钟；随后加入白油，继续混合1～2分钟得到混合料；再将所得混合料经双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒并干燥，即得阻燃电缆料用充油改性相容剂。
本发明阻燃电缆料充油改性相容剂制备方法的特点也在于：设置所述双螺杆挤出机的四个工艺段温度分别为：
加料段：150～175℃；        混炼段：180～200℃；
挤出造粒段：200～210℃；   机头部分：210～220℃。
所述双螺杆挤出机的螺杆长径比不小于40∶1。
与已有技术相比，本发明有益效果体现在：
1、本发明在普通聚烯烃弹性体的马来酸酐接枝物的基础上进行充油改性，所制备的充油改性相容剂可以在不增加绝缘材料的硬度的前提下，改善阻燃剂与聚合物基体的界面结合，提高阻燃软电缆用绝缘材料的阻燃性能和力学性能。
2、本发明在双螺杆挤出机上制备阻燃电缆料用充油改性相容剂，分段进行相容剂的熔融接枝过程和充油改性过程，避免了充油造成双螺杆剪切降低，提高了相容剂的接枝率，其制备工艺简单，成本相对较低。
具体实施方式
实施例1：
取：聚烯烃弹性体POE DF840为95份；粉末状线性低密度聚乙烯树脂LLDPE6101为5份；马来酸酐为1份；过氧化二异丙苯为0.05分和白油30份。
将聚烯烃弹性体POE DF840、粉末状线性低密度聚乙烯树脂LLDPE6101、马来酸酐和过氧化二异丙苯共同在转速为1000r/min的高混机中混合4～6分钟；
通过主喂料口加入双螺杆挤出机；
将白油由侧部喂料加入长径比为44的双螺杆挤出机，设置双螺杆挤出机的加料段为160℃；混炼段为190℃；挤出造粒段为200℃；机头部分为220℃。经过这一设定工艺挤出造粒并干燥即得产品。所得产品的性能如表1所示。
实施例2：
取：聚烯烃弹性体POE8203为92份；粉末状线性低密度聚乙烯树脂LLDPE6101为8份；马来酸酐为1.2份；过氧化二异丙苯为0.08份和白油50份。
将聚烯烃弹性体POE8203、粉末状线性低密度聚乙烯树脂LLDPE6101、马来酸酐和过氧化二异丙苯共同在转速为900r/min的高混机中混合4～6分钟；
通过主喂料口加入双螺杆挤出机；
将白油由侧部喂料加入长径比为44的双螺杆挤出机，设置加料段为150℃；混炼段为180℃；挤出造粒段为210℃；机头部分为220℃。经过这一设定工艺挤出造粒并干燥即得产品。所得产品的性能如表1所示。
表1
拉伸强度(MPa) 断裂伸长率(％) 硬度(邵氏A)
实施例1 12.3 500 76
实施例2 14.8 550 70
为验证本发明的实际使用效果，将实施例1和实施例2制备的充油改性相容剂分别应用在阻燃软电缆用绝缘材料中，使用量占绝缘材料总重量的5％。两种阻燃软电缆用绝缘材料的性能测试结果如表2所示。
表2
相容剂 拉伸强度(MPa) 断裂伸长率(％) 硬度(邵氏A) 氧指数(％)
实施例1制备 11.2 210 85 33
实施例2制备 10.9 250 80 31
通过表2可见：实施例1和实施例2制备的充油改性相容剂都可在不提高材料硬度的前提下，提高绝缘材料的力学性能。

Claims (9)

1.一种阻燃电缆料用充油改性相容剂，其特征是按质量份数的原料构成为：
聚烯烃弹性体90～95份；   线性低密度聚乙烯树脂5～10份；
极性单体0.8～3份；        过氧化物0.02～1份；
白油20～50份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃电缆料用充油改性相容剂，其特征是：所述聚烯烃弹性体的熔体流动速率为1～4g/10min、拉伸强度不小于12MPa。
3.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃电缆料充油改性相容剂，其特征是：所述线性低密度聚乙烯树脂为粉末状线性低密度聚乙烯树脂,密度为0.910～0.925g/cm3。
4.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃电缆料充油改性相容剂，其特征是：所述极性单体为马来酸酐。
5.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃电缆料充油改性相容剂，其特征是：所述过氧化物为过氧化二异丙苯。
6.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃电缆料充油改性相容剂，其特征是：所述白油为石蜡烃型，相对密度为0.87～0.89g/ml，闪点为226.5℃。
7.一种权利要求1、2、3、4、5或6所述的阻燃电缆料充油改性相容剂的制备方法，其特征是按如下步骤进行：
将聚烯烃弹性体、线性低密度聚乙烯树脂、极性单体和过氧化物在转速为750～1500r/min的高速混合机中混合4～6分钟；随后加入白油，继续混合1～2分钟得到混合料；再将所得混合料经双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒并干燥，即得阻燃电缆料用充油改性相容剂。
8.根据权利要求7所述的阻燃电缆料充油改性相容剂制备方法，其特征是：设置所述双螺杆挤出机的四个工艺段温度分别为：
加料段：150～175℃；        混炼段：180～200℃；
挤出造粒段：200～210℃；   机头部分：210～220℃。
9.根据权利要求7所述的阻燃电缆料充油改性相容剂制备方法，其特征是：所述双螺杆挤出机的螺杆长径比不小于40∶1。
CN201410325614.7A 2014-07-09 2014-07-09 一种阻燃电缆料用充油改性相容剂及其制备方法 Pending CN104072675A (zh)

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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030073783A1 (en) * 2001-10-12 2003-04-17 Kim Sang Bae Chemically modified polyolefin elastomer composition and method for preparing the same

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030073783A1 (en) * 2001-10-12 2003-04-17 Kim Sang Bae Chemically modified polyolefin elastomer composition and method for preparing the same

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Application publication date: 20141001