CN104052055B - A kind of electric automobile frequency modulation centralized dispatching control method towards active intelligent grid - Google Patents

A kind of electric automobile frequency modulation centralized dispatching control method towards active intelligent grid Download PDF

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CN104052055B
CN104052055B CN201410311518.7A CN201410311518A CN104052055B CN 104052055 B CN104052055 B CN 104052055B CN 201410311518 A CN201410311518 A CN 201410311518A CN 104052055 B CN104052055 B CN 104052055B
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electric automobile
charge
charging station
charging
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CN104052055A (en
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刘辉
胡泽春
宋永华
汪旎
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Tsinghua University
Jiangsu University
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/167—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S30/00—Systems supporting specific end-user applications in the sector of transportation
    • Y04S30/10—Systems supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles
    • Y04S30/12—Remote or cooperative charging
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S30/00—Systems supporting specific end-user applications in the sector of transportation
    • Y04S30/10—Systems supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles
    • Y04S30/14—Details associated with the interoperability, e.g. vehicle recognition, authentication, identification or billing

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  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种面向有源智能电网的电动汽车调频集中调度控制方法，其步骤包括：检测电动汽车是否接入电网；接口电路获取电动汽车电池初始荷电状态、实时荷电状态、用户充电需求和期望离开时间；在充电站层，基于电池及用户数据信息，计算电动汽车期望充/放电功率；计算电动汽车可用调频容量；在中间代理层，计算电动汽车总的调频容量和期望充/放电功率；同时与AGC系统通信，给充电站层派遣调节任务；根据中间代理层下行调节任务，对电动汽车进行充/放电控制。本发明通过集中调度控制，派遣电动汽车充/放电功率，抑制区域电网控制误差和互联电网联络线功率偏移，同时完成用户充电需求，提高电网频率质量和电网的经济性和可控性。

The invention discloses an active smart grid-oriented electric vehicle frequency modulation centralized dispatching control method, the steps of which include: detecting whether the electric vehicle is connected to the grid; Demand and expected departure time; at the charging station layer, calculate the expected charging/discharging power of electric vehicles based on battery and user data information; calculate the available frequency modulation capacity of electric vehicles; at the intermediate agent layer, calculate the total frequency modulation capacity and expected charging/discharging capacity of electric vehicles Discharge power; at the same time, it communicates with the AGC system to dispatch adjustment tasks to the charging station layer; according to the downlink adjustment tasks of the intermediate agent layer, it controls the charging/discharging of electric vehicles. The invention dispatches the charging/discharging power of electric vehicles through centralized dispatching control, suppresses the control error of the regional power grid and the power deviation of the tie line of the interconnected power grid, fulfills the user's charging demand at the same time, and improves the frequency quality of the power grid and the economy and controllability of the power grid.

Description

一种面向有源智能电网的电动汽车调频集中调度控制方法A centralized scheduling control method for electric vehicle frequency modulation for active smart grid

技术领域 technical field

本发明属于智能电网技术领域，涉及一种面向有源智能电网的电动汽车参与电网二次频率调节的集中调度控制方法。 The invention belongs to the technical field of smart grids, and relates to a centralized scheduling control method for active smart grid-oriented electric vehicles participating in the secondary frequency adjustment of the grid.

背景技术 Background technique

电动汽车能有效缓解能源危机和环境污染，世界各国相继出台政策支持电动汽车产业化发展，尤其是在中国，电动汽车产业化发展得到了政府大力扶持，因而电动汽车入网将日益普及。 Electric vehicles can effectively alleviate the energy crisis and environmental pollution. Countries around the world have successively issued policies to support the industrialization of electric vehicles. Especially in China, the industrialization of electric vehicles has received strong support from the government, so electric vehicles will be increasingly popular in the network.

作为移动储能单元，电动汽车充/放电功率具有快速的调节特性和响应特性，具备参与电网频率调节的天然优势，因而电动汽车参与电网二次频率调节的集中调度控制受到重视。电力系统二次频率调节的目的是通控制过互联电网区域控制误差，抑制电网频率波动和联络线功率偏差。通常，根据区域控制误差，调度中心集中安排调节计划，并分配给各发电厂，安排机组出力，实现电力供需匹配。然而，相对传统发电机组，单辆电动汽车功率可忽略不计，同时作为一种交通工具，电动汽车电池能量必须满足用户用车需求。 As a mobile energy storage unit, the charging/discharging power of electric vehicles has fast adjustment characteristics and response characteristics, and has the natural advantage of participating in grid frequency regulation. Therefore, the centralized dispatching control of electric vehicles participating in grid secondary frequency adjustment has been paid attention to. The purpose of the secondary frequency regulation of the power system is to suppress the frequency fluctuation of the grid and the power deviation of the tie line by controlling the regional control error of the interconnected grid. Usually, according to the regional control error, the dispatch center centrally arranges the adjustment plan, and distributes it to each power plant, arranges the output of the unit, and realizes the matching of power supply and demand. However, compared with traditional generator sets, the power of a single electric vehicle is negligible. At the same time, as a means of transportation, the battery energy of an electric vehicle must meet the needs of users.

因此，如何建立电动汽车分层调度集中控制，同时完成电网调节需求和用户充电需求，是目前亟待解决的问题。 Therefore, how to establish centralized control of hierarchical dispatching of electric vehicles and simultaneously fulfill the grid regulation requirements and user charging requirements is an urgent problem to be solved at present.

发明内容 Contents of the invention

本发明的目的是：基于电动汽车的快速调节和响应特性，提出电动汽车参与电网二次频率调节的分层调度集中控制方法，在满足电动汽车用户用车需求的同时，抑制电网区域控制误差和互联电网联络线功率偏移。 The purpose of the present invention is: based on the rapid adjustment and response characteristics of electric vehicles, a hierarchical dispatching centralized control method for electric vehicles participating in the secondary frequency adjustment of the power grid is proposed, and while meeting the needs of electric vehicle users, it can suppress grid regional control errors and Interconnection grid tie line power offset.

考虑到上述目的，本发明的技术解决方案是： Considering above-mentioned purpose, technical solution of the present invention is:

一种面向有源智能电网的电动汽车调频集中调度控制方法，该方法包括以下步骤： An active smart grid-oriented electric vehicle frequency modulation centralized dispatching control method, the method includes the following steps:

步骤1：检测电动汽车是否接入电网，如果接入电网则执行步骤2，否则电动汽车离开/未接入电网，不能接收调度集中控制，无法参与电网二次频率调节； Step 1: Detect whether the electric vehicle is connected to the grid, if connected to the grid, perform step 2, otherwise the electric vehicle leaves/is not connected to the grid, cannot receive dispatching centralized control, and cannot participate in the secondary frequency adjustment of the grid;

步骤2：接口电路IC(InterfaceCircuit)通过车载终端，获取电动汽车电池初始荷电状态、实时荷电状态、用户充电需求和期望离开时间； Step 2: The interface circuit IC (Interface Circuit) obtains the initial state of charge of the electric vehicle battery, the real-time state of charge, the user's charging demand and the expected departure time through the vehicle-mounted terminal;

步骤3：在充电站层（包括单个充电桩），为了确保电动汽车用户的期望电池荷电状态，基于车载终端上传的电池及用户数据信息，计算电动汽车期望充/放电功率；根据电动汽车当前充/放电功率，计算电动汽车可用调频容量（包括上调频和下调频容量）； Step 3: At the charging station level (including a single charging pile), in order to ensure the expected battery state of charge of the electric vehicle user, calculate the expected charging/discharging power of the electric vehicle based on the battery and user data information uploaded by the vehicle terminal; Charge/discharge power, calculate the available frequency regulation capacity of electric vehicles (including frequency regulation capacity and frequency regulation capacity);

步骤4：在中间代理层，根据充电站层上行的电动汽车调频容量，计算电动汽车总的调频容量；根据上行的电动汽车期望充/放电功率，计算电动汽车总的期望充/放电功率；同时，与AGC(AutomationGenerationControl)系统通信，根据区域控制误差以及电动汽车的调频容量和期望充/放电功率，给充电站层派遣调节任务； Step 4: At the intermediate agent layer, calculate the total frequency modulation capacity of the electric vehicle according to the frequency modulation capacity of the electric vehicle uplink at the charging station layer; calculate the total expected charge/discharge power of the electric vehicle according to the expected charge/discharge power of the uplink electric vehicle; at the same time , communicate with the AGC (AutomationGenerationControl) system, and dispatch adjustment tasks to the charging station layer according to the regional control error, the frequency modulation capacity and the expected charging/discharging power of the electric vehicle;

步骤5：根据中间代理层下行调节任务，结合电动汽车的期望充/放电功率，在充电站层，分派调节任务，发布调节命令，控制充/放电机，对电动汽车进行充/放电控制； Step 5: According to the downstream adjustment task of the intermediate agent layer, combined with the expected charging/discharging power of the electric vehicle, at the charging station layer, assign the adjustment task, issue the adjustment command, control the charging/discharging machine, and control the charging/discharging of the electric vehicle;

步骤6：执行步骤1，判断电动汽车用户是否离开电网。 Step 6: Execute step 1 to determine whether the electric vehicle user leaves the grid.

进一步，电动汽车的调频容量计算方法为： Further, the calculation method of frequency modulation capacity of electric vehicles is:

a)在充电站层： a) At the charging station level:

b)在中间代理层： b) At the intermediate proxy layer:

在上述式中，为电动汽车最大V2G功率；为当前V2G功率；为充电站内电动汽车数量；为充电站内电动汽车上调频容量；为充电站内电动汽车上调频容量；为所有电动汽车上调频容量；为所有电动汽车下调频容量。 In the above formula, The maximum V2G power of electric vehicles; is the current V2G power; is the number of electric vehicles in the charging station; Adjust frequency capacity for electric vehicles in charging stations; Adjust frequency capacity for electric vehicles in charging stations; Frequency modulation capacity for all electric vehicles; Down tuning capacity for all EVs.

进一步，电动汽车的期望充/放电功率计算为： Further, the expected charging/discharging power of an EV is calculated as:

a)在充电站层： a) At the charging station level:

如果电动汽车需要进行能量补给，其期望充/放电功率为： If an electric vehicle needs energy replenishment, its expected charging/discharging power is:

式中：和分别为充电站内进行能量补给的电动汽车的期望充/放电功率；为充电站内进行能量补给电动汽车的数量；为用户期望荷电状态；为接入电网时刻电动汽车初始荷电状态；为电动汽车接入电网时间；为用户期望离开时间；为电动汽车电池额定容量； In the formula: and are respectively the expected charging/discharging power of the electric vehicle for energy supply in the charging station; The number of electric vehicles for energy supply in the charging station; The state of charge expected by the user; is the initial state of charge of the electric vehicle at the time of connecting to the grid; Time for connecting electric vehicles to the grid; is the user's expected departure time; The rated capacity of the electric vehicle battery;

如果电动汽车维持电池荷电状态，其期望充/放电功率为： If an electric vehicle maintains a battery state of charge, its expected charge/discharge power is:

， ,

式中：和分别为充电站内维持电池能量的电动汽车的期望充/放电功率；为充电站内维持电池能量电动汽车的数量；上调节因子和下调节因子满足如下关系： In the formula: and are respectively the expected charging/discharging power of electric vehicles maintaining battery energy in the charging station; Number of electric vehicles for maintaining battery energy within a charging station; upregulation factor and downregulator Satisfy the following relationship:

当时： when Time:

当时： when Time:

当时： when Time:

， ,

当时： when Time:

式中：为电动汽车电池当前荷电状态；为电动汽车电池允许最小荷电状态；为电动汽车电池允许最大荷电状态； In the formula: is the current state of charge of the electric vehicle battery; Allow minimum state of charge for electric vehicle batteries; Allowable maximum state of charge for electric vehicle batteries;

b)在中间代理层： b) At the intermediate proxy layer:

， ,

式中：和分别为电动汽车总的期望充放电功率；p为电动汽车充电站数量。 In the formula: and are the total expected charging and discharging power of electric vehicles; p is the number of charging stations for electric vehicles.

进一步，电动汽车的调节任务集中派遣控制为： Further, the centralized dispatching control of the regulation task of the electric vehicle is:

a)在中间代理层： a) At the intermediate proxy layer:

中间代理层与AGC系统通信，给电动汽车充电站层派遣调节任务为： The intermediate agent layer communicates with the AGC system, and dispatches adjustment tasks to the electric vehicle charging station layer as follows:

式中： In the formula:

其中： in:

在上述式中，为决策变量，满足；ACE为区域控制误差；为所有电动汽车总的调节任务；为每个充电站电动汽车的调节任务； In the above formula, is a decision variable, satisfying ;ACE is the area control error; Overall regulation tasks for all electric vehicles; Conditioning tasks for electric vehicles at each charging station;

b)在充电站层： b) At the charging station level:

在充电站内，根据中间代理层下行调节任务和电动汽车的期望充/放电功率，给每辆电动汽车派遣调节任务； In the charging station, dispatch regulation tasks to each electric vehicle according to the downstream regulation tasks of the intermediate agent layer and the expected charging/discharging power of electric vehicles;

如果电动汽车维持电池荷电状态，其调节任务为： If the electric vehicle maintains the battery state of charge, its regulation tasks are:

式中：和分别为充/放电效率；为维持电池荷电状态的电动汽车总的调节任务，且满足： In the formula: and are the charge/discharge efficiency; The overall regulation task of the electric vehicle to maintain the state of charge of the battery, and satisfy:

， ,

如果电动汽车进行能量补给，其调节任务为： If the electric vehicle performs energy replenishment, its regulation task is:

式中：为进行能量补给的电动汽车总的调节任务，且满足： In the formula: The overall regulation task of electric vehicles for energy supply, and satisfying:

。 .

本发明的有益效果是： The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

本发明通过集中调度控制，派遣电动汽车充/放电功率，抑制区域电网控制误差和互联电网联络线功率偏移，同时完成用户充电需求，提高电网频率质量和电网的经济性和可控性。 The invention dispatches the charging/discharging power of electric vehicles through centralized dispatching control, suppresses the control error of the regional power grid and the power deviation of the tie line of the interconnected power grid, fulfills the user's charging demand at the same time, and improves the frequency quality of the power grid and the economy and controllability of the power grid.

附图说明 Description of drawings

图1为电动汽车参与电网二次频率调节的分层调度集中控制框架； Figure 1 is the hierarchical scheduling centralized control framework for electric vehicles to participate in the secondary frequency regulation of the power grid;

图2为电动汽车参与电网二次频率调节的控制流程。 Figure 2 shows the control flow of electric vehicles participating in the secondary frequency regulation of the power grid.

具体实施方式 detailed description

本发明基于电动汽车分散入网特征，建立电动汽车参与电网二次频率调节的分层控制框架结构。该框架结构包括：电动汽车中间代理层、充电站层、接口电路IC(InterfaceCircuit)和用户。中间代理层由“总期望充/放电功率”、“总调频容量计算”和“V2G(VehicletoGrid)控制”组成，负责与AGC(AutomationGenerationControl)系统进行通信，给电动汽车充电站层派遣调节任务。“总期望充/放电功率”模块计算充电站层上行的电动汽车期望充/放电功率；“总调频容量计算”模块计算充电站层上行的电动汽车可用调频容量；基于AGC系统的区域控制误差和负荷频率控制以及电动汽车的期望充/放电功率和可用调频容量，“V2G控制”模块给各充电站层安排调节任务。在充电站层（包括单辆EV(ElectricVehicle)），主要包含“期望充/放电功率”、“调频容量计算”和“V2G控制”。根据电动汽车用户充电需求和当前电池荷电状态，“期望充/放电功率”模块计算期望充/放电功率；“调频容量计算”模块实时计算电动汽车可用调频容量（包括下调频容量和上调频容量），并上行给中间代理层；“V2G控制”模块根据中间代理层下行调节任务，分派调节任务给单辆EV。接口电路（包括IMS(InformationManagementSystem)和充/放电机）与电动汽车车载终端通信，上行电池荷电状态（由电池管理系统BMS(BatteryManagementSystem)进行管理）和用户充电需求，并根据下行调节任务，控制充/放电机，对电动汽车进行充/放电控制。 The invention establishes a layered control frame structure in which the electric vehicle participates in the secondary frequency adjustment of the power grid based on the characteristics of the electric vehicle's decentralized grid connection. The frame structure includes: electric vehicle intermediate agent layer, charging station layer, interface circuit IC (InterfaceCircuit) and users. The intermediate agent layer is composed of "total expected charging/discharging power", "total frequency modulation capacity calculation" and "V2G (Vehicle to Grid) control", which is responsible for communicating with the AGC (Automation Generation Control) system and dispatching adjustment tasks to the electric vehicle charging station layer. The "Total Expected Charging/Discharging Power" module calculates the expected charging/discharging power of electric vehicles on the charging station layer; the "Total Frequency Regulation Capacity Calculation" module calculates the available frequency regulation capacity of electric vehicles on the charging station layer; the regional control error and Load frequency control and the expected charging/discharging power and available frequency modulation capacity of electric vehicles, the "V2G control" module arranges adjustment tasks for each charging station layer. At the charging station level (including a single EV (Electric Vehicle)), it mainly includes "expected charging/discharging power", "frequency modulation capacity calculation" and "V2G control". According to the charging needs of electric vehicle users and the current state of charge of the battery, the "expected charging/discharging power" module calculates the expected charging/discharging power; the "frequency modulation capacity calculation" module calculates the available frequency modulation capacity of the electric vehicle in real time (including down frequency regulation capacity and up frequency regulation capacity ), and uplink to the intermediate agent layer; the "V2G control" module assigns adjustment tasks to a single EV according to the downlink adjustment tasks of the intermediate agent layer. The interface circuit (including IMS (Information Management System) and charging/discharging machine) communicates with the vehicle-mounted terminal of the electric vehicle, the state of charge of the uplink battery (managed by the battery management system BMS (Battery Management System)) and the charging demand of the user, and according to the downlink regulation task, control The charging/discharging machine controls the charging/discharging of electric vehicles.

在上述方案中，分层调度集中控制的原理是：中间代理层根据上行调频容量、区域控制误差和电动汽车期望充/放电功率，动态地协调上、下频率调节任务；充电站层根据用户充电需求、实时电池荷电状态和电动汽车当前功率，实时计算期望充/放电功率和可用上、下调频容量。通过中间代理层和充电站层的控制，完成互联电网区域调节需求和电动汽车用户的充电需求。 In the above scheme, the principle of hierarchical dispatching and centralized control is: the intermediate agent layer dynamically coordinates the up and down frequency adjustment tasks according to the uplink frequency modulation capacity, regional control error and electric vehicle expected charging/discharging power; the charging station layer according to the user charging Demand, real-time battery state of charge and current power of electric vehicles, real-time calculation of expected charging/discharging power and available up and down frequency regulation capacity. Through the control of the intermediate agent layer and the charging station layer, the regional adjustment needs of the interconnected grid and the charging needs of electric vehicle users are completed.

结合附图1和附图2，本发明具体实施方式如下： In conjunction with accompanying drawing 1 and accompanying drawing 2, the embodiment of the present invention is as follows:

基于传统燃油汽车分析方法，建立电动汽车入网特征模型和用户充电需求模型，并搭建电动汽车分散入网集中调度分层控制系统框架，然后执行以下步骤： Based on the traditional fuel vehicle analysis method, establish the electric vehicle network connection characteristic model and user charging demand model, and build the decentralized network centralized scheduling hierarchical control system framework for electric vehicles, and then perform the following steps:

步骤1：检测电动汽车是否接入电网，如果接入电网则执行步骤2，否则电动汽车离开/未接入电网，不能接受集中调度控制，无法参与电网二次频率调节； Step 1: Detect whether the electric vehicle is connected to the grid, if connected to the grid, perform step 2, otherwise the electric vehicle leaves/is not connected to the grid, cannot accept centralized dispatching control, and cannot participate in the secondary frequency adjustment of the grid;

步骤2：接口电路IC(InterfaceCircuit)通过车载终端，获取电动汽车电池初始荷电状态、实时荷电状态、用户充电需求和期望离开时间； Step 2: The interface circuit IC (Interface Circuit) obtains the initial state of charge of the electric vehicle battery, the real-time state of charge, the user's charging demand and the expected departure time through the vehicle-mounted terminal;

步骤3：在充电站层（包括单个充电桩），为了确保电动汽车用户的期望电池荷电状态，基于车载终端上行的电池荷电状态及用户充电需求信息，计算电动汽车期望充/放电功率；根据电动汽车当前充/放电功率，计算电动汽车可用调频容量（包括上调频和下调频容量）； Step 3: At the charging station level (including a single charging pile), in order to ensure the expected battery state of charge of the electric vehicle user, calculate the expected charging/discharging power of the electric vehicle based on the uplink battery state of charge of the vehicle terminal and the user's charging demand information; According to the current charging/discharging power of electric vehicles, calculate the available frequency regulation capacity of electric vehicles (including frequency regulation capacity and frequency regulation capacity);

步骤4：在中间代理层，根据充电站层上行的电动汽车调频容量，计算电动汽车总的调频容量；根据充电站层上行的电动汽车期望充/放电功率，计算电动汽车总的期望充/放电功率；同时，与AGC(AutomationGenerationControl)系统通信，根据区域控制误差以及电动汽车的调频容量和期望充/放电功率，给充电站层派遣调节任务； Step 4: At the intermediate agent layer, calculate the total frequency modulation capacity of electric vehicles according to the frequency modulation capacity of electric vehicles upstream at the charging station layer; calculate the total expected charge/discharge of electric vehicles according to the expected charging/discharging power of electric vehicles upstream at the charging station layer Power; at the same time, communicate with the AGC (AutomationGenerationControl) system, and dispatch adjustment tasks to the charging station layer according to the regional control error, the frequency modulation capacity of the electric vehicle and the expected charging/discharging power;

步骤5：根据中间代理层下行调节任务，结合电动汽车的期望充/放电功率，在充电站层，分派调节任务，发布调节命令，控制充/放电机，对电动汽车进行充/放电控制； Step 5: According to the downstream adjustment task of the intermediate agent layer, combined with the expected charging/discharging power of the electric vehicle, at the charging station layer, assign the adjustment task, issue the adjustment command, control the charging/discharging machine, and control the charging/discharging of the electric vehicle;

步骤6：执行步骤1，判断电动汽车用户是否离开电网。 Step 6: Execute step 1 to determine whether the electric vehicle user leaves the grid.

在上述实施方案中，电动汽车采用的调频控制策略与方法如下： In the above implementation scheme, the frequency modulation control strategy and method adopted by the electric vehicle are as follows:

(1)电动汽车调频容量计算(1) Calculation of electric vehicle frequency regulation capacity

a)在充电站层 a) At the charging station level

b)在中间代理层 b) in the middle proxy layer

在上述式中，为电动汽车最大V2G功率；为当前V2G功率；为充电站内电动汽车数量；为充电站内电动汽车上调频容量；为充电站内电动汽车上调频容量；为所有电动汽车上调频容量；为所有电动汽车下调频容量。 In the above formula, The maximum V2G power of electric vehicles; is the current V2G power; is the number of electric vehicles in the charging station; Adjust frequency capacity for electric vehicles in charging stations; Adjust frequency capacity for electric vehicles in charging stations; Frequency modulation capacity for all electric vehicles; Down tuning capacity for all EVs.

(2)电动汽车期望充/放电功率计算(2) Calculation of expected charging/discharging power of electric vehicles

a)在充电站层 a) At the charging station level

如果电动汽车需要进行能量补给，其期望充/放电功率为 If an electric vehicle needs energy replenishment, its expected charging/discharging power is

式中：和分别为充电站内进行能量补给的电动汽车的期望充/放电功率；为充电站内进行能量补给电动汽车的数量；为用户期望荷电状态；为接入电网时刻电动汽车初始荷电状态；为电动汽车接入电网时间；为用户期望离开时间；为电动汽车电池额定容量。 In the formula: and are respectively the expected charging/discharging power of the electric vehicle for energy supply in the charging station; The number of electric vehicles for energy supply in the charging station; The state of charge expected by the user; is the initial state of charge of the electric vehicle at the time of connecting to the grid; Time for connecting electric vehicles to the grid; is the user's expected departure time; The rated capacity of the electric vehicle battery.

如果电动汽车维持电池荷电状态，其期望充/放电功率为 If the electric vehicle maintains the battery state of charge, its expected charge/discharge power is

式中：和分别为充电站内维持电池能量的电动汽车的期望充/放电功率；为充电站内维持电池能量电动汽车的数量；上调节因子和下调节因子满足如下关系： In the formula: and are respectively the expected charging/discharging power of electric vehicles maintaining battery energy in the charging station; Number of electric vehicles for maintaining battery energy within a charging station; upregulation factor and downregulator Satisfy the following relationship:

当时 when Time

当时 when Time

当时 when Time

当时 when Time

式中：为电动汽车电池的荷电状态；为电动汽车电池允许最小荷电状态；为电动汽车电池允许最大荷电状态。 In the formula: is the state of charge of the electric vehicle battery; Allow minimum state of charge for electric vehicle batteries; The maximum state of charge allowed for electric vehicle batteries.

b)在中间代理层 b) in the middle proxy layer

式中：和分别为电动汽车总的期望充放电功率；p为电动汽车充电站数量。 In the formula: and are the total expected charging and discharging power of electric vehicles; p is the number of charging stations for electric vehicles.

(3)电动汽车V2G派遣控制(3) Electric vehicle V2G dispatch control

a)在中间代理层 a) in the middle proxy layer

中间代理层与AGC系统通信，给电动汽车充电站层派遣调节任务为： The intermediate agent layer communicates with the AGC system, and dispatches adjustment tasks to the electric vehicle charging station layer as follows:

式中： In the formula:

其中： in:

在上式中，为决策变量，满足；ACE(AreaControlError，简称ACE)为区域控制误差；为电动汽车总的调节任务；为每个充电站的调节任务。 In the above formula, is a decision variable, satisfying ; ACE (AreaControlError, ACE for short) is an area control error; General regulation tasks for electric vehicles; Regulation tasks for each charging station.

b)在充电站层 b) At the charging station level

在充电站内，根据中间代理层下行调节任务和电动汽车的期望充/放电功率，给每辆电动汽车派遣调节任务。 In the charging station, according to the downstream regulation task of the intermediate agent layer and the expected charging/discharging power of the electric vehicle, the regulation task is dispatched to each electric vehicle.

如果电动汽车维持电池荷电状态，其调节任务为： If the electric vehicle maintains the battery state of charge, its regulation tasks are:

式中：和分别为充/放电效率；为维持电池荷电状态的电动汽车总的调节任务，且满足 In the formula: and are the charge/discharge efficiency; The overall regulation task of electric vehicles to maintain the battery state of charge, and satisfy

如果电动汽车进行能量补给，其调节任务为： If the electric vehicle performs energy replenishment, its regulation task is:

式中：为进行能量补给的电动汽车总的调节任务，且满足 In the formula: The overall regulation task of electric vehicles for energy supply, and satisfies

综上所述，本发明基于电力系统二次调频集中控制思想，建立了电动汽车集中调度调频分层控制结构，包含充电站层和中间代理层。在充电站层，根据电动汽车的当前充/放电功率，计算电动汽车的调频容量；根据电动汽车荷电状态和用户充电需求，计算电动汽车期望充/放电功率；根据中间代理层下行调节任务，并结合电动汽车期望充/放电功率，给电动汽车分派调节任务。在中间代理层，根据充电站层上行调频容量，计算电动汽车总的调频容量；根据充电站层上行期望充/放电功率，计算电动汽车总的期望充/放电功率；与自动发电控制系统通信，根据电动汽车总的调频容量和期望充/放电功率以及电网区域控制误差，给电动汽车充电站派遣调频任务。本发明通过集中调度控制，派遣电动汽车充/放电功率，抑制区域电网控制误差，同时完成用户充电需求，提高电网的经济型和可控性。 To sum up, based on the idea of centralized control of secondary frequency modulation in the power system, the present invention establishes a hierarchical control structure for centralized dispatching and frequency modulation of electric vehicles, including a charging station layer and an intermediate agent layer. At the charging station layer, calculate the frequency modulation capacity of the electric vehicle according to the current charging/discharging power of the electric vehicle; calculate the expected charging/discharging power of the electric vehicle according to the state of charge of the electric vehicle and the charging demand of the user; according to the downstream regulation task of the intermediate agent layer, Combined with the expected charging/discharging power of the electric vehicle, the adjustment task is assigned to the electric vehicle. At the intermediate agent layer, calculate the total frequency modulation capacity of the electric vehicle according to the uplink frequency modulation capacity of the charging station layer; calculate the total expected charging/discharging power of the electric vehicle according to the uplink expected charging/discharging power of the charging station layer; communicate with the automatic power generation control system, According to the total frequency modulation capacity of electric vehicles, the expected charging/discharging power and the control error of the grid area, the frequency modulation task is dispatched to the electric vehicle charging station. The invention dispatches the charging/discharging power of electric vehicles through centralized dispatching control, suppresses the control error of the regional power grid, and simultaneously fulfills the user's charging demand, thereby improving the economy and controllability of the power grid.

以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。 The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1., towards an electric automobile frequency modulation centralized dispatching control method for active intelligent grid, it is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
Step 1: detect electric automobile and whether access electrical network, if access electrical network, perform step 2, otherwise electric automobile leaves/does not access electrical network, can not receiving scheduling centralized control, cannot participate in electric grid secondary frequency adjustment;
Step 2: interface circuit IC, by car-mounted terminal, obtains the initial state-of-charge of batteries of electric automobile, in real time state-of-charge, user's charge requirement and expects time departure;
Step 3: at charging station layer, described charging station layer comprises single charging pile, and in order to ensure the expectation battery charge state of electric automobile user, the battery uploaded based on car-mounted terminal and user data information, calculate electric automobile and expect charge/discharge power; According to the current charge/discharge power of electric automobile, calculate electric automobile and can use frequency regulation capacity, described electric automobile can comprise upper frequency modulation and lower frequency regulation capacity with frequency regulation capacity;
Step 4: at middle-agent's layer, the electric automobile frequency regulation capacity up according to charging station layer, calculates the frequency regulation capacity that electric automobile is total; Expect charge/discharge power according to up electric automobile, calculate the expectation charge/discharge power that electric automobile is total; , communicate with AGC system meanwhile, according to the frequency regulation capacity of area control error and electric automobile with expect charge/discharge power, send adjustment task to charging station layer;
The frequency regulation capacity computational methods of described electric automobile are:
A) at charging station layer:
B) at middle-agent's layer:
In above-mentioned formula, P maxfor the maximum V2G power of electric automobile; P i,kfor current V2G power; N jfor electric automobile quantity in charging station; for frequency regulation capacity on electric automobile in charging station; for frequency regulation capacity under electric automobile in charging station; for frequency regulation capacity on all electric automobiles; for frequency regulation capacity under all electric automobiles;
The expectation charge/discharge power calculation of described electric automobile is:
A) at charging station layer:
If electric automobile needs to carry out energy supply, it expects that charge/discharge power is:
In formula: with be respectively the expectation charge/discharge power of the electric automobile carrying out energy supply in charging station; for carrying out the quantity of energy supply electric automobile in charging station; for user expects state-of-charge; for the initial state-of-charge of access electrical network moment electric automobile; for electric automobile access power grid time; for user expects time departure; for batteries of electric automobile rated capacity;
If electric automobile maintains battery charge state, it expects that charge/discharge power is:
In formula: with be respectively the expectation charge/discharge power of the electric automobile maintaining the energy content of battery in charging station; for maintaining the quantity of energy content of battery electric automobile in charging station; Upper regulatory factor with lower regulatory factor meet following relation:
When time:
When time:
When time:
When time:
In formula: SOC i,kfor the current state-of-charge of batteries of electric automobile; for batteries of electric automobile allows minimum state-of-charge; for batteries of electric automobile allows maximum state-of-charge;
B) at middle-agent's layer:
In formula: with be respectively the expectation charge-discharge electric power that electric automobile is total; P is electric automobile charging station quantity;
Step 5: according to the descending adjustment task of middle-agent's layer, in conjunction with the expectation charge/discharge power of electric automobile, at charging station layer, assigns adjustment task, issues adjusting command, control charge/discharge machine, carry out charge/discharge control to electric automobile;
Step 6: perform step 1, judge whether electric automobile user leaves electrical network.
2. a kind of electric automobile frequency modulation centralized dispatching control method towards active intelligent grid according to claim 1, is characterized in that sending in the adjustment task-set of electric automobile control be:
A) at middle-agent's layer:
Middle-agent's layer communicates with AGC system, sends adjustment task to be to electric automobile charging station layer:
In formula:
Wherein:
In above-mentioned formula, α is decision variable, meets 0≤α≤1; ACE is area control error; for the adjustment task that all electric automobiles are total; for the adjustment task of each charging station electric automobile;
B) at charging station layer:
In charging station, according to the expectation charge/discharge power of the descending adjustment task of middle-agent's layer and electric automobile, send adjustment task to each electric automobile;
If electric automobile maintains battery charge state, its adjustment task is:
In formula: η cand η dbe respectively charge/discharge efficiency; for the adjustment task that the electric automobile maintaining battery charge state is total, and meet:
If electric automobile carries out energy supply, its adjustment task is:
In formula: for the adjustment task that the electric automobile carrying out energy supply is total, and meet:
。
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