CN105322559B - A kind of electric automobile distribution dispatch control method based on V2G technologies - Google Patents
A kind of electric automobile distribution dispatch control method based on V2G technologies Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of electric automobile distribution dispatch control method based on V2G technologies, it is being considered outside the influence of electric automobile charge and discharge power, the also limiting factor such as meter and the capacity of power distribution network, electric vehicle engineering condition, and further consider the traffic factors such as the car traffic route of electronic vapour, charge/discharge access, it is comprehensive to determine that more conforming to actual electric automobile optimization is charged and discharged scheduling strategy, the charging and discharging of electric automobile are controlled using V2G systems, the distribution scheduling controlling to electric automobile is realized；Shown by above-described embodiment and related data, electric automobile distribution dispatch control method of the invention based on V2G technologies, the negative effect that extensive electric automobile access brings for system reliability can be effectively improved, improve the load utilization rate of power distribution network, distribution network load peak-valley difference is reduced, helps to lift the economy of the scheduling of electric automobile distribution and distribution network operation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to networking electric vehicle engineering field and electric power resource economy dispatching technique field, and in particular to
A kind of electric automobile distribution dispatch control method based on V2G technologies.
Background technology
Constantly increase with the demand and the amount of disappearing of fossil fuel, energy shortage and environmental pollution are needed badly as countries in the world
The problem of solution.And electric automobile (Electric Vehicle, EV) relies on driven by power, noise is low, and efficiency is high, and " zero is dirty
Dye ", the problems such as energy dependence, exhaust emissions, environmental pollution more can be directly solved than traditional fuel vehicle.Its large-scale application
It is considered as alleviating energy scarcity, air environmental pollution and realizes one of most effective mode of low-carbon economy.
The conventional electric automobile of China includes：Bus, taxi, officer's car and private car etc..To bus and taxi
For car, once charging is difficult to the operation for meeting whole day, therefore most of electric bus and taxi use and change electric-type.It is public
Business car need to set out at any time when needing to exercise a public function, and other time can charge at any time, have no rule and whard to control.Compare
For, private car is mainly used in the upper and lower class of resident, and charging place is mainly unit office parks and Parking for residents only.Charging
Period depends on life and the trip custom of resident, with very strong regularity.This means the charging of private savings electric automobile is negative
Lotus is more beneficial for carrying out orderly control, to improve the reliability of power network and abundance.
V2G technologies are an emerging concepts in electric vehicle engineering field, and its core thinking utilizes electric automobile
Energy-storage battery is as microgrid and the buffering of regenerative resource, to realize the power reasonable management of electric automobile and network system.
At present, the electric automobile discharge and recharge strategy based on V2G patterns is also in conceptual phase, and global discharge and recharge strategy is ground
Study carefully relatively fewer.Periodical《Automation of Electric Systems》The 14th phase " charging electric vehicle Load Calculation Method " one of volume 35 in 2011
It the article pointed out that the charge power of different type electric automobile is different, propose to randomly select electric automobile using Monte Carlo Analogue Method
Battery starting state-of-charge (State of Charge, SOC), initiation of charge time describe charging electric vehicle load；Periodical
《Electric Power Automation Equipment》The 2nd phase of volume 34 in 2014, " polytype electric automobile accessed the charging Load Probability mould of power distribution network
Intend " a text meter and the influence that selects the initiation of charge moment of charging interval length, and electric automobile real time charging quantity with
Machine influence factor, sets up the probabilistic model of polytype charging electric vehicle workload demand；Master's opinion of University On The Mountain Of Swallows in 2014
Text " electric automobile charging station and the research of power network access technology based on V2G technologies " assumes electric automobile to electricity using charge-discharge machine
Constant-current discharge, influence of the simulation analysis electric automobile constant-current discharge process to network load are used during net electric discharge.
Research of the studies above achievement to charging electric vehicle load, the method simulation all modeled mostly using statistics is filled
The stochastic behaviour of electric load, sets up the charging load model of electric automobile, and the research for the equivalent power that discharges electric automobile is relative
It is less, do not account for electric automobile traffic factor, influence of electric discharge on-position etc. factor in driving procedure more, therefore for
Practical application lacks effective directive significance.
The content of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of electric automobile distribution tune based on V2G technologies
Spend control method, it is counted and traffic factor discharges electric automobile the influence of equivalent power, can be efficiently applied to based on
The electric automobile discharge and recharge strategic plannings of V2G patterns instructs work, is advised with solving charging electric vehicle load in the prior art
The problem of research drawn is dfficult to apply to actually instruct.
To achieve the above object, present invention employs following technical scheme：
A kind of electric automobile distribution dispatch control method based on V2G technologies, using day as dispatching cycle, with per hour for one
The individual period, set up the electric automobile discharge power of charging electric vehicle power module and meter and the influence of electric automobile traffic factor
Model, the then charging and discharging according to electric automobile in different periods are required, based on the charging electric vehicle power module
With electric automobile discharge power model, the charging and discharging of electric automobile are controlled using V2G systems, realized to electronic vapour
The distribution scheduling controlling of car；Specifically include following steps：
1) charging electric vehicle power module is set up；Specially：
Using the charge power of electric automobile as the charging load of power distribution network, each charging load point set up in power distribution network
In the charge power model of day part：
Wherein, Pi n,tRepresent the charge power of n-th electric automobile being charged in load point i in moment t；Ni tRepresent
The electric automobile quantity that moment t is accessed at load point i；
The charge power model should meet following constraints：
1. load point i charging capacity constraints：
2. charging electric vehicle technological constraint condition：
SOCmin≤SOCt≤SOCmax；
3. electric automobile uses constraints：
SOCend≥SOCDrive；
Wherein, Pi TrRepresent the rated capacity of transformer at load point i；LPt iRepresent that load point i is born in the original of t periods
Lotus；PmaxRepresent electric automobile maximum charge power；SOCendRepresent the state-of-charge of charging electric vehicle finish time；SOCDrive
Expression meets the minimum state-of-charge of user's travel requirement；SOCmaxAnd SOCminThe highest state-of-charge of electric automobile is represented respectively
With minimum state-of-charge；
Duty value Ls of the load point i in period ti tIt is expressed as：
With each the charge power model of load point in day part that charges in the power distribution network, as each in V2G systems
The charge power model of electric automobile；
2) the electric automobile discharge power model of meter and the influence of electric automobile traffic factor is set up；The step is specially：
2.1) it is most short for target with the shortest path of electric automobile space drive route and time, set up electric automobile optimal
Drive route model；In the optimal drive route model of electric automobile, catalogue scalar functions Z is：
Z=min (θ1Z1+θ2Z2), θ1+θ2=1；
Wherein, Z1And Z2Respectively the shortest path object function of electric automobile space drive route and time most short target
Function；θ1For the weight coefficient shared by space factor, θ2For the weight coefficient shared by time factor；
The shortest path object function Z of space drive route1With time most short object function Z2Respectively：
Constraints is：
Wherein, mkjThere is no path, m between=1 expression junction node k and junction node jkj=0 represent junction node k with
There is path between junction node j；xkj=1 represents the section between selection junction node k and junction node j, xkj=0 represents not
Select the section between junction node k and junction node j；dkjThe distance of path, s between expression junction node k and junction node j
Represent ride by way of crossing sum；tkjThe time by path between junction node k and junction node j is represented, and is had：
UkjThe average passage rate by the automobile of path between junction node k and junction node j is represented, and is had：
Wherein,Represent the setting speed by path between junction node k and junction node j；VkjFor junction node k
The vehicle flow flux of path between junction node j；BkjRepresent the maximum by path between junction node k and junction node j
Vehicle flow flux；α, β are traffic loading (Vkj/Bkj) correction factor, and have：
Wherein, q represents the junction node sum in the drive route network of electric automobile space, and l represents electric automobile space
Overall number of channels present in drive route network, p represents the electric automobile in the presence of the drive route network of electric automobile space
The total number of drive route may be selected；
The optimal drive route model of electric automobile is solved using dynamic programming, the working of electric automobile is determined most
Excellent drive route and optimal drive route of coming off duty；
2.2) whether broken down according to power distribution network, power distribution network be divided into malfunction and unfaulty conditions, it is determined that with
The average discharge power of electric automobile under power network different conditions；Specially：
Under power distribution network unfaulty conditions, the average discharge power of electric automobile is：
Wherein,Represent the electric automobile mean power that t is discharged to power network at load point i；QnRepresent n-th
The capacity of batteries of electric automobile；dn,1Represent the operating range of n-th optimal drive route of electric automobile working, unit km；
dn,2Represent that n-th electric automobile is come off duty the operating range of optimal drive route；cEVRepresent the energy consumption of every kilometer of electric automobile；η tables
Show the efficiency that electric automobile is powered to power network；TV2GRepresent the duration of the peak load of electric automobile region of discharge；
Under power distribution network unfaulty conditions, the average discharge power of electric automobile is met：
PV2G,t-LPisolated≥0；
LPisolatedRepresent the isolated island load of the electric discharge of electric automobile；
Electric automobile discharge power model is used as using the average discharge power of the electric automobile under power distribution network different conditions；
3) the charging and discharging scheduling strategy of electric automobile is determined；The step is specially：
3.1) constraints of the charging and discharging scheduling of electric automobile is set up：
1. charging electric vehicle, electric discharge period constraints：
The peak load period for determining power distribution network is counted according to historical data, it is desirable to which V2G systems control electric automobile in paddy
When the load period and charged during idle state, control electric automobile to participate in electric power in peak load period and idle state
Peak-load regulating is serviced, and on the premise of user's use is met, is only discharged to power distribution network；
2. charging electric vehicle, electric discharge access point constraints：
Each load point in power distribution network is divided according to historical data statistics and belongs to residential block or Office Area；If load point is filled
Power station position is located at city dweller's dwelling activity region, then is divided into the charging station of the load point and belongs to residential block；If
The charging station position of load point is located at business, enterprise's Administrative Area or public institution's Administrative Area, then by the load point
Charging station, which is divided into, belongs to Office Area；Then, according to the peak load period of power distribution network, filling for residential block will be belonged in power distribution network
Power station regard the charging station for belonging to Office Area in power distribution network as connecing that electric automobile discharges as the access point of charging electric vehicle
Access point；
3.2) for each electric automobile in V2G systems, determine that it is charged and discharged scheduling strategy as follows：
Charging electric vehicle scheduling strategy：
1. electric automobile is idle and in the load valley period, if the state-of-charge SOC of electric automobile nowtIt is unsatisfactory for
SOCt≥SOCDrive, then V2G systems control charging electric vehicle is utilized；SOCDriveExpression meets the minimum lotus of user's travel requirement
Electricity condition；
If 2. the state-of-charge of electric automobile meets SOCt≥SOCDrive, and the charging electric vehicle period be not over, then
V2G systems control electric automobile continues to charge, until charge period terminates or met SOCt=SOCmax；SOCmaxRepresent electronic vapour
The highest state-of-charge of car；
Electric automobile control of discharge strategy：
1. when electric automobile is in load peak period and idle state, if the state-of-charge SOC of electric automobile nowtIt is full
Sufficient SOCt＞ SOCmin+SOCconsume, then the control electric automobile electric discharge of V2G systems is utilized；SOCconsumeRepresent that electric automobile is come off duty
The state-of-charge of reserved electricity；SOCminRepresent the minimum state-of-charge of electric automobile；
2. when the state-of-charge of electric automobile meets SOCt=SOCmin+SOCconsume, then electric discharge is terminated；
4) according to identified charging electric vehicle and electric discharge scheduling strategy, the charging using V2G systems to electric automobile
It is controlled with electric discharge, realizes the distribution scheduling controlling to electric automobile.
In the above-mentioned electric automobile distribution dispatch control method based on V2G technologies, a kind of preferred scheme, electric automobile are used as
Highest state-of-charge SOCmaxWith minimum state-of-charge SOCminPreferred value be：
SOCmax=1, SOCmin=0.25.
Compared to prior art, the present invention has the advantages that：
Electric automobile distribution dispatch control method of the invention based on V2G technologies, first with the capacity of power distribution network, electronic vapour
Car technical conditions etc. are constraints, establish charging electric vehicle power module；Secondly, with the shortest path of driving and time
It is most short to establish the optimal ride model of electric automobile for specific item scalar functions；Then, electric automobile is set up on this basis to put
Electrical power model；Finally, based on electric automobile charge-discharge electric power model, the electric automobile discharge and recharge plan based on V2G patterns is proposed
Slightly, it can be efficiently applied to instruct work to the electric automobile discharge and recharge strategic planning based on V2G patterns.
1st, in the electric automobile distribution dispatch control method of the invention based on V2G technologies, it is contemplated that capacity, the electricity of power distribution network
Influence of the limiting factors such as electrical automobile technical conditions for charging electric vehicle, it is determined that electric automobile is excellent in varied situations
Select charge mode so that improve charge efficiency as far as possible in the case where meeting charging electric vehicle actual demand, ensure charging
Safety.
2nd, in the electric automobile distribution dispatch control method of the invention based on V2G technologies, with the path of space drive route
It is that specific item scalar functions establish the optimal drive route model of electric automobile that the most short and time is most short, is driven by electric automobile is optimal
Route model meter and electric automobile drive route are influenceed by space factor and time factor, and by the model solution with
The optimization drive route of electric automobile is determined, reducing the energy consumption because caused by detouring with congestion electric automobile increases problem.
3rd, in the electric automobile distribution dispatch control method of the invention based on V2G technologies, also in the optimal driving of electric automobile
On the basis of route model, electric automobile discharge power model is established, electric automobile is discharged to characterize distribution network failure
Influence so that electric automobile when there is isolated island power failure in distribution network failure, be used as distributed power source recover short-duration power, improve
Power supply reliability near electric discharge access point, improves the negative effect that extensive electric automobile access brings for system reliability,
The distribution scheduling of electric automobile in the case of distribution network failure also can preferably be configured, helps to improve the load of power distribution network
Utilization rate.
4th, the electric automobile distribution dispatch control method of the invention based on V2G technologies, is considering electric automobile charge and discharge
Outside the influence of power, the also limiting factor such as meter and the capacity of power distribution network, electric vehicle engineering condition, and further considering
The traffic factors such as the car traffic route of electronic vapour, charge/discharge access, it is comprehensive to determine to more conform to actual electric automobile optimization
Scheduling strategy is charged and discharged, the charging and discharging of electric automobile are controlled using V2G systems, is realized to electric automobile
Distribution scheduling controlling, is effectively improved the negative effect that extensive electric automobile access brings for system reliability, improves power distribution network
Load utilization rate, reduce distribution network load peak-valley difference, help lifted electric automobile distribution scheduling and distribution network operation economy
Property.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is lithium cell charging performance diagram.
Fig. 2 is lithium battery discharge characteristic curve figure.
Fig. 3 is electric automobile discharge and recharge Policy model figure.
Fig. 4 is the electric automobile traffic path view of the peak load Time segments division according to power system.
Fig. 5 is that the load area of IEEE-RBTS Bus2 reliability test systems in the embodiment of the present invention divides schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is the maximum electric automobile magnitude histogram of residential block access in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is residential block load song of the electric automobile under three kinds of different charge modes in power distribution network in the embodiment of the present invention
Line chart.
Fig. 8 is the electric automobile space drive route network diagram in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is Office Area load song of the electric automobile under three kinds of different charge modes in power distribution network in the embodiment of the present invention
Line chart.
Figure 10 is the total load curve map of electric automobile power distribution network under three kinds of different charge modes in the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of electric automobile distribution dispatch control method based on V2G technologies, this method first with
Capacity, electric vehicle engineering of power network etc. are constraints, establish charging electric vehicle power module；Secondly, with driving
It is that specific item scalar functions establish the optimal ride model of electric automobile that shortest path and time are most short；Then, on this basis
Set up electric automobile discharge power model；Finally, based on electric automobile charge-discharge electric power model, the electricity based on V2G patterns is proposed
Electrical automobile discharge and recharge strategy.
The idiographic flow of electric automobile distribution dispatch control method of the invention based on V2G technologies is as follows：
Step 1：Set up charging electric vehicle power module.
1.1 charging electric vehicles touch formula.
Charging electric vehicle pattern can be divided into three kinds according to charging interval length：Normal charge, quick charge and replacing electricity
Pond.
The conventional charge mode charging interval is longer, is most safe and most stable of charge mode, and the charging interval generally requires 5
~8 hours, be the charge mode for being best suitable for private savings electric automobile.The present invention use the electric current of conventional charge mode constant-current charge for
0.2C, i.e. battery charge state is 5 hours from 0 to 1 charging interval needed.
Fast charge mode is adapted to time more hasty situation, such as officer's car needs to go out immediately when there is task
Hair, the time parked is complete complete random, and its charge mode can just select fast charge mode.The present invention uses fast charge mode
The electric current of constant-current charge is 0.5C, i.e. battery charge state is 2 hours from 0 to 1 charging interval needed.
Change battery type primarily to meet vehicle can 24 hour operation, therefore change battery mode be relatively specific for public affairs
Hand over the vehicle such as car or taxi.
No matter because conventional charge mode is to be best suitable for private savings electricity from the perspective of safety and stability or battery life, all
The charge mode of electrical automobile.Therefore, the present invention is on the premise of automobile user use is met, prioritizing selection normal charge mould
Formula is charged.Going out for user is met when the charging interval using conventional charge mode is not enough, then using fast charge mode
Row demand.
1.2 charging electric vehicle power modules.
As network load during charging electric vehicle, its calculating difficult point for charging load is that analyzing electric automobile starting fills
Electric time and the randomness of starting state-of-charge (SOC).Due to resident's behavior on and off duty more rule, it is assumed that electric automobile is originated
Charging interval obedience is uniformly distributed.According to V2G scheduling strategies, user is 07:Driving is needed to go to work after 00, in order to meet
User's consumption on and off duty and to the discharge capacity of power network, therefore the probability density function such as formula (1) at initiation of charge moment of the present invention
It is shown：
Calculating of the invention to charge power is in units of day, 24 hours one day, with per hour for a period.Certain day
T hours load point i charging load is that the place has the charge power sum of electric automobile at this moment.With one day for a charge and discharge
Electric process, initiation of charge moment t, prioritizing selection conventional charge mode, if terminating in charging are randomly selected to n-th electric automobile
(morning 07 at moment:00) user's travel requirement can not be reached, then using fast charge mode.Therefore, load point i is moment t's
Charge power Pi tAs shown in formula (2)：
In formula, Pi n,tRepresent the charge power of n-th electric automobile being charged in load point i in moment t；Ni tRepresent
The electric automobile quantity that moment t is accessed at load point i.Because the access scale of electric automobile is limited by power distribution network capacity,
While the starting SOC of electric automobile0, trip the moment SOCDriveIt is accustomed to being influenceed with car by user.Therefore, should meet with
Lower constraints：
1. load point i capacity-constrained：
2. electric vehicle engineering is constrained：
SOCmin≤SOCt≤SOCmax(5)；
3. electric automobile uses constraint：
SOCend≥SOCDrive(6)；
In formula, Pi TrRepresent the rated capacity of transformer at load point i；LPt iRepresent load point i in the original negative of t
Lotus, t=1,2 ..., 24；PmaxRepresent electric automobile maximum charge power；SOCendRepresent the state-of-charge of charging finishing time；
SOCDriveExpression meets the minimum state-of-charge of user's travel requirement；SOCmaxAnd SOCminThe highest lotus of electric automobile is represented respectively
Electricity condition and minimum state-of-charge.Formula (3) represents that electric automobile access scale is constrained by power distribution network transformer capacity.Formula (5)
Represent the capacity-constrained of charging batteries of electric automobile.In specific implementation, the highest state-of-charge SOC of electric automobilemaxWith minimum lotus
Electricity condition SOCminPreferred value be SOCmax=1, SOCmin=0.25；
Duty value Ls of the load point i in moment ti tIt is represented by：
Li t=Pt i+LPt i(7)；
With each the charge power model of load point in day part that charges in the power distribution network, as each in V2G systems
The charge power model of electric automobile.
By charging electric vehicle power module, it is contemplated that capacity, electric vehicle engineering condition of power distribution network etc. limitation because
Influence of the element for charging electric vehicle, it is determined that the preferred charge mode of electric automobile in varied situations so that meeting
Charge efficiency is improved in the case of charging electric vehicle actual demand as far as possible, ensures charging safety.
Step 2：The discharge power model of meter and electric automobile spatial character.
The influence factor of 2.1 electric automobile space driving performances.
Because electric automobile power consumption and driving distance are closely bound up, while user fixes the work hours, necessarily cause to use
Driving distance and elapsed time are paid close attention in driving procedure in family.In view of influenceing the factor of optimal ride mainly to include：
Space factor and time factor, space factor reflect the shadow to the optimal ride of electric automobile by space length length
Ring.Time factor passage time consumes to reflect, the traffic status of principal measure circuit.
1. space factor.In actual applications generally using the influence degree of space length representation space factor.And space
Distance can by calculate each path apart from length and asking for.
2. time factor.As the increasing vehicles come into operation, road situation turns into drive route
The key factor of selection.The influence degree of time factor is generally represented using transit time, transit time is by user from starting
Point sets out the representing total time of consumption of reaching home.Transit time will be calculated by the time loss sum in each path.Root
The average speed by the path is calculated according to the maximum traffic capacity and actual circulation amount in path, is then calculated by the path
Average time.
The optimal drive route model of 2.2 electric automobiles.
Because electric automobile drive route is influenceed by space factor and time factor, the present invention using multiple-objection optimization come
Select optimal ride.Electric automobile most short is set up most for specific item scalar functions with the shortest path of space drive route and time
Excellent drive route model.
Wherein, the shortest path Z of space drive route1With time most short Z2Object function be：
Constraints is：
In formula, mkjThere is no path, m between=1 expression junction node k and junction node jkj=0 represent junction node k with
There is path between junction node j；xkj=1 represents the section between selection junction node k and junction node j, xkj=0 represents not
Select the section between junction node k and junction node j；dkjThe distance of path, s between expression junction node k and junction node j
Represent ride by way of crossing sum；tkjThe time by path between junction node k and junction node j is represented, according to
Formula (12) is calculated：
In formula, UkjThe average passage rate by the automobile of path between junction node k and junction node j is represented, is passed through
Speed-flow universal model is calculated, as follows：
In formula, Ukj sRepresent the setting speed by path between junction node k and junction node j；VkjFor junction node k
The vehicle flow flux of path between junction node j；BkjRepresent the maximum by path between junction node k and junction node j
Vehicle flow flux；α, β are traffic loading (Vkj/Bkj) correction factor, and have：
Q represents the junction node sum in the drive route network of electric automobile space, and l represents electric automobile space driving road
Overall number of channels present in gauze network, p represents that the electric automobile in the presence of the drive route network of electric automobile space may be selected
The total number of drive route.
Formula (10) represents that electric automobile must (residential block, Office Area), formula (11) represent that electric automobile must from starting point
It must reach home (Office Area, residential block).
With the shortest path of space driving distance and time it is most short set up multi-goal optimizing function model for specific item scalar functions,
It is shown below：
Z=min (θ1Z1+θ2Z2) (15)；
θ1+θ2=1 (16)；
In formula, Z is catalogue scalar functions, Z1And Z2The respectively shortest path object function of electric automobile space drive route
With time most short object function；θ1For the weight coefficient shared by space factor, θ2For the weight coefficient shared by time factor；As for
Weight coefficient θ1And θ2Specific value, then according to each shared to shortest path and time most short considerations in practical application
Proportion and determine.Because the dimension away from discrete time is different, the influence that dimension is brought need to be eliminated, the present invention uses maximum value process
It is normalized, expression formula is as follows：
In formula (17), i represents influence factor, i=1,2；Zi' expression influence factor i actual value, ZiMax represent influence because
Plain i maximum.
According to the principle of optimization, the present invention is solved using dynamic programming algorithm to the model, determines electric automobile
Go to work optimal drive route and come off duty optimal drive route.
With the shortest path of space drive route and time most it is short for specific item scalar functions establish electric automobile it is optimal driving
Route model, by electric automobile optimal drive route model meter and electric automobile drive route by space factor and time because
The influence of element, and by determining the optimization drive route of electric automobile to the model solution, reduce because electric automobile detours and
Energy consumption caused by congestion increases problem.
2.3 electric automobile discharge power models.
Because lithium battery is capacity type battery, the power that electric automobile discharges to power network can be by power conversion system (Power
Converse System, PCS) enter line translation according to actual conditions.During electric automobile discharges, distribution network operation shape
State difference should take different control strategies, influenceed to analyze distribution network failure and electric automobile is discharged, be according to power distribution network
It is no to break down, power distribution network is divided into malfunction and unfaulty conditions.
If 1. power network is now in unfaulty conditions, according to the workload demand of power distribution network Office Area peak load period, lead to
Cross V2G systems control electric automobile and concentrate to power distribution network and discharge dump energy, dump energy refers to meet the upper and lower class of electric automobile
The dump energy after consumption and maximum depth of discharge on road.The average discharge power of its electric automobile is shown below,
In formula,Represent the electric automobile mean power that t is discharged to power network at load point i, unit kW；Qn
The capacity of n-th batteries of electric automobile, unit kWh；dn,1Represent n-th electric automobile go to work optimal drive route traveling away from
From unit km；dn,2Represent that n-th electric automobile is come off duty the operating range of optimal drive route, unit km；cEVRepresent electronic vapour
The energy consumption of every kilometer of car, unit kWh/km；η represents the efficiency that electric automobile is powered to power network；TV2GRepresent electric automobile region of discharge
The duration of the peak load in domain, unit h.
If 2. power distribution network is now in malfunction, first determine whether whether form isolated island in electric discharge access point.If forming lonely
Island, should discharge, now the average discharge power P of electric automobile according to isolated island workload demandV2G,tFor the isolated island load of electric automobile
Capacity LPisolated, as shown in formula (20)：
PV2G,t=LPisolated(20)；
Because lithium battery has the limitation of peak power output, if the maximum that isolated island load now is more than electric automobile is put
Electrical power, in order to meet the total discharge power of electric automobile and load total capacity phase in the range of the power-balance in isolated island, i.e. isolated island
Matching, it is necessary to take the strategy for cutting load as shown in formula (21).The preferential load met close to charging station, cuts down part farther out
The load in region, until meeting power-balance relation.
PV2G,t-LPisolated≥0 (21)。
Electric automobile discharge power model is used as using the average discharge power of the electric automobile under power distribution network different conditions.
On the basis of the optimal drive route model of electric automobile, electric automobile discharge power model is established, to table
Levy the influence that distribution network failure discharges electric automobile so that electric automobile when there is isolated island power failure in distribution network failure, as
Distributed power source recovers short-duration power, improves the power supply reliability near electric discharge access point, improves extensive electric automobile access
The negative effect brought for system reliability, allows in the case of distribution network failure the distribution scheduling of electric automobile to be also able to more excellent
Configuration, help to improve the load utilization rate of power distribution network.
Step 3：Electric automobile charge and discharge control strategy.
3.1 batteries of electric automobile characteristics.
At present, electric automobile power battery mainly includes lead-acid battery, Ni-MH battery and lithium battery, and wherein lithium battery is electricity
Electrical automobile field of power supplies degree of recognition highest battery.There is lithium battery fast response time, constant-current charge can be rapidly achieved stabilization
Advantage, optimal charge rate is general to be changed between 0.2-2C, is had a good application prospect.It is special that Fig. 1 gives lithium cell charging
Linearity curve, Fig. 2 gives the discharge characteristic curve of lithium battery, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, and it is invariable power that lithium battery, which can be approximately considered,
Discharge and recharge.
But it is due to that electric automobile charge-discharge facility, discharge and recharge place and discharge and recharge time span are different, electric automobile
There is more uncertainty and randomness in charge-discharge electric power.Current research carries out control of discharge to electrokinetic cell generally two
Plant main method：Invariable power discharge mode and constant-current discharge mode.The model that the present invention allows in lithium ion battery voltage x current
In enclosing, battery invariable power discharge and recharge is controlled using V2G systems.
3.2 electric automobile charge and discharge periods：
Electric automobile charge and discharge control strategy is generally divided into two kinds：Directly control and indirect control.Directly control refers to limit
Determine the discharge and recharge time of electric automobile, discharged during such as paddy when charging, peak；Indirect control refer to by formulate Peak-valley TOU power price,
The assistant service such as discharge and recharge electricity price price is guided discharge and recharge behavior.
Research shows that the average driving time of private savings electric automobile daily is no more than 1 hour, and the mean down time is up to
95%.According to resident's trip rule on and off duty, statistics show that private savings electric automobile is parked in Office Area and residential parking
Time is longer, i.e., and 19:00-7:00 is parked in residential parking, 9:00-17:00 is parked in Office Area parking lot.
Direct control and indirect control are combined by the present invention, in rational Peak-valley TOU power price and the basis of charge and discharge electricity price
On, limit the discharge and recharge behavior of electric automobile.The peak load period for determining power distribution network is counted according to historical data, it is desirable to V2G
System controls electric automobile the load period and to be charged in paddy during idle state, in peak load period and idle state
Control electric automobile to participate in the service of power system peak regulation, on the premise of user's use is met, only discharged to power distribution network.
For example：According to the division of power system peak load period, electric automobile load in paddy is controlled by V2G systems
Charged when period and idle state, i.e.,：00:00-7:00.Due in the peak load period, if electric automobile accesses distribution
Net charging will cause the negative effect at load " on peak plus peak ".Therefore, electricity is controlled in peak load period and idle state
Electrical automobile participates in the service of power system peak regulation, on the premise of user's use is met, is only discharged to power network, i.e., and 09:00-15:00.
Fig. 3 shows electric automobile discharge and recharge Policy model.Electric automobile was so both solved and has accessed what unordered charge-carrying belt came on a large scale
Negative effect, again can be reliable for improving distribution using electric automobile as the considerable distributed energy storage plant-grid connection power network of capacity
Property, reduction Demand-side peak-valley difference, to improve power supply and demand balance and power equipment rate of load condensate etc. significant.
3.3 electric automobile charge and discharge access points.
First according to the load type of local distribution network, load area division is carried out.Distribution network load can be divided into city
Resident load, Commercial Load, rural area load, industrial load and other loads.Because electric automobile is currently mostly as city
The vehicles of city resident, therefore the present invention combines the load type data of actual power distribution network, and city dweller's load is divided into
The loads such as residential block R, Commercial Load and government organs are divided into Office Area load C.
In addition, the charge control strategy that V2G systems are taken be the load valley period and in idle state when filled
Electricity, controls electric automobile to be discharged in peak load period and idle state.That is, gone to work after coming home from work to the next morning
Before, it is the electric discharge period to before coming off duty after arrival working place.Each load in power distribution network is divided according to historical data statistics
Point belongs to residential block or Office Area；, will if the charging station position of load point is located at city dweller's dwelling activity region
The charging station of the load point, which is divided into, belongs to residential block；If the charging station position of load point is located at business, enterprise Office Area
The charging station of the load point, then be divided into and belong to Office Area by domain or public institution's Administrative Area；Then, according to the peak of power distribution network
The paddy load period, the charging station of residential block will be belonged in power distribution network as the access point of charging electric vehicle, will be belonged in power distribution network
The access point that charging station in Office Area discharges as electric automobile.
The present invention regard residential block R charging stations as charging electric vehicle according to the peak load Time segments division of power system
Access point, the access point that Office Area C charging stations discharge as electric automobile, its traffic path view is as shown in Figure 4.
3.4 electric automobile charge and discharge control strategy.
In summary, in the inventive method, the charging electric vehicle scheduling strategy of formulation is as follows：
1. electric automobile is idle and in the load valley period, if the state-of-charge (SOC of electric automobile nowt) be unsatisfactory for
Formula (22), then utilize V2G systems control charging electric vehicle：
SOCt≥SOCDrive(22)；
In formula, SOCDriveExpression meets the minimum state-of-charge of user's travel requirement.V2G System Priorities are met above and below user
The charging electric vehicle of class's trip.
If 2. the SOC of all electric automobiles is satisfied by formula (22), and the charging electric vehicle period is not over (during charging
Section：00:00-07:00), then V2G systems control all electric automobiles to continue to charge, until charge period terminates or met formula
(23)：
SOCt=SOCmax(23)；
In formula, SOCmaxRepresent the highest state-of-charge of electric automobile.
Electric automobile control of discharge strategy is as follows：
1. when electric automobile is in load peak period and idle state, if the state-of-charge (SOC of electric automobile nowt)
Formula (24) is met, then utilizes the control electric automobile electric discharge of V2G systems；
SOCt＞ SOCmin+SOCconsume(24)；
In formula, SOCconsumeRepresent that electric automobile is come off duty and reserve the state-of-charge of electricity；SOCminRepresent that electric automobile is minimum
State-of-charge, is the limitation in order to protect batteries of electric automobile and set.
2. when the SOC of electric automobile meets formula (25), then electric discharge is terminated：
SOCt=SOCmin+SOCconsume (25)。
Since so, according to identified charging electric vehicle and electric discharge scheduling strategy, using V2G systems to electric automobile
Charging and discharging be controlled, realize to the distribution scheduling controlling of electric automobile.
With reference to embodiment, the technical characterstic and effect of the present invention is further illustrated.
Embodiment：
Sample calculation analysis is carried out by taking IEEE-RBTS Bus2 reliability test systems as an example, the system has 4 feeder lines, 4
Breaker, 22 load points, 22 transformers, 22 fuses, 36 circuits, 10 disconnecting switch, Fig. 5 give IEEE-
The load area of RBTS Bus2 reliability test systems divides schematic diagram.In Fig. 5, divided in IEEE-RBTS Bus2 systems
Residential block (R) and Office Area (C) two kinds of load areas.With reference to the current situation of current electric automobile both at home and abroad, the present embodiment exists
Hypothesis below is made to private savings electric automobile in sample calculation analysis：
1. in the case of each electric automobile Full Charge Capacity, maximum operating range is 128km.
2. electric automobile power consumption is only relevant with circuit length, unrelated with the factor such as traffic information, each electric automobile list
The power consumption of position kilometer is 0.17kWh/km.
3. evening 00 on working day:00—07:00 is the charging electric vehicle period；Daytime 09:00—15:00 puts for electric automobile
The electric period.
Charge mode has to be filled and trickle charge soon, and relevant parameter is as shown in table 1.
The charging electric vehicle parameter of table 1
C represents the capacity of lithium battery, unit Ah.Charging current is that 0.5C represents that battery is small from 0 to needs 2 are completely filled with
When.In order to analyze influence of the different charge modes of electric automobile to distribution network load, the present embodiment is in IEEE-RBTS Bus2 systems
In system, situation of the comparative analysis electric automobile under following three kinds different charge modes：
Case1：Do not access electric automobile；
Case2：Access electric automobile, quick charge；
Case3：Access electric automobile, normal charge.
As shown in table 1, electric automobile uses the charging current of quick charge for 0.5C, and battery is completely filled with needs 2 hours；
Conventional charge mode charging current is 0.2C, and battery is completely filled with needs 5 hours.Using as above model and strategy, calculating is obtained
The maximum electric automobile quantity that residential block is accessed in the present embodiment is as shown in fig. 6, obtain in the present embodiment electric automobile above-mentioned
Residential block load curve under three kinds of different charge modes in power distribution network is as shown in Figure 7；It was found from Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, for private savings electricity
For electrical automobile, more massive electric automobile can be accommodated using conventional charge mode power distribution network and accessed；When electric automobile is made
Power distribution network is accessed for load, very big is impacted to distribution network load in charge period, the fully loaded fortune of the load point transformer at charging station
OK, the load factor of transformer and the load utilization rate of power distribution network are improved.
According to the supplemental characteristic of highroad vehicle speeds at different levels-flow universal model, calculated by formula (13) and formula (14) at different levels
Passage rate of the highway under different traffic loadings, as shown in table 2.Fig. 8 shows that the electric automobile space in the present embodiment drives
Route network diagram, the optimal drive route model set up according to step 2, using dynamic programming algorithm solving model, is obtained
It is from the junction node R1 optimal drive routes for reaching crossing C1：Solid line sign road in R1-S1-T2-L2-M1-C1, such as Fig. 8
Shown in footpath；The distance of optimal ride is 19km, and the time of cost is 15.7 minutes.Assuming that electric automobile power consumption Jin Yu roads
Cheng Youguan, therefore the distance of the optimal ride in each region and the maximum available discharged to power network are as shown in table 3.
The highroad vehicle speeds at different levels of table 2-flow universal model parameter
The optimal ride distance of table 3 and maximum discharge capacity
After working on daytime, private savings electric automobile is parked in Office Area parking lot, is existed using V2G technical controlling electric automobiles
The load peak period 09:00-15:00 discharges dump energy to Office Area, to slow down the load pressure of peak period, and improves
The power supply reliability of Administrative Area.Fig. 9 shows electric automobile distribution under above-mentioned three kinds different charge modes in the present embodiment
Office Area load chart in net, as shown in figure 9, because Case3 uses conventional charge mode, the electric automobile that can be accommodated
Scale is more than fast charge mode, and the electric energy of storage is more, therefore Case3 is higher than Case2, Neng Gouyou to the discharge capacity of Office Area
Effect improves the load pressure of peak period.
With reference to Fig. 7 and Fig. 9, you can obtain in the present embodiment electric automobile under above-mentioned three kinds different charge modes to distribution
The total load curve of net, as shown in Figure 10.As seen from Figure 10, load of Case2, Case3 load curve than Case1 is bent
Line is more smooth；10.6% and has been respectively increased in load utilization rate of Case2, Case3 the load utilization rate than Case1
13.1%.It can thus be appreciated that electric automobile access power distribution network can be effectively reduced load peak-valley difference, the load for improving power distribution network is utilized
Rate.
In summary, it can be seen that the electric automobile distribution dispatch control method of the invention based on V2G technologies, considering
Outside the influence of electric automobile charge and discharge power, also the limitation such as meter and the capacity of power distribution network, electric vehicle engineering condition because
Element, and the traffic factors such as the car traffic route of electronic vapour, charge/discharge access have further been considered, comprehensive determination is more conformed to
Actual electric automobile optimization is charged and discharged scheduling strategy, and the charging and discharging of electric automobile are controlled using V2G systems
System, realizes the distribution scheduling controlling to electric automobile；Shown by above-described embodiment and related data, the present invention is based on V2G skills
The electric automobile distribution dispatch control method of art, can be effectively improved what extensive electric automobile access brought for system reliability
Negative effect, improves the load utilization rate of power distribution network, reduces distribution network load peak-valley difference, and help lifts the scheduling of electric automobile distribution
With the economy of distribution network operation.
Finally illustrate, the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention and it is unrestricted, although with reference to compared with
The present invention is described in detail good embodiment, it will be understood by those within the art that, can be to skill of the invention
Art scheme is modified or equivalent substitution, and without departing from the objective and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should cover at this
Among the right of invention.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of electric automobile distribution dispatch control method based on V2G technologies, it is characterised in that using day as dispatching cycle, with
It is per hour a period, sets up the electronic vapour of charging electric vehicle power module and meter and the influence of electric automobile traffic factor
Car discharge power model, is then filled according to electric automobile in the charging and discharging requirement of different periods based on the electric automobile
The charging and discharging of electric automobile are controlled by electrical power model and electric automobile discharge power model using V2G systems, real
Now to the distribution scheduling controlling of electric automobile；Specifically include following steps：
1) charging electric vehicle power module is set up；Specially：
Using the charge power of electric automobile as the charging load of power distribution network, each charging load point set up in power distribution network is each
The charge power model of period：
Wherein, Pi n,tRepresent the charge power of n-th electric automobile being charged in load point i in moment t；Ni tRepresent the moment
The electric automobile quantity that t is accessed at load point i；
The charge power model should meet following constraints：
1. load point i charging capacity constraints：
2. charging electric vehicle technological constraint condition：
SOCmin≤SOCt≤SOCmax；
3. electric automobile uses constraints：
SOCend≥SOCDrive；
Wherein, Pi TrRepresent the rated capacity of transformer at load point i；LPt iRepresent original loads of the load point i in the t periods；Pmax
Represent electric automobile maximum charge power；SOCendRepresent the state-of-charge of charging electric vehicle finish time；SOCDriveRepresent full
The minimum state-of-charge of sufficient user's travel requirement；SOCmaxAnd SOCminThe highest state-of-charge of electric automobile is represented respectively and minimum
State-of-charge；
Duty value Ls of the load point i in period ti tIt is expressed as：
With each the charge power model of load point in day part that charges in the power distribution network, as each electronic in V2G systems
The charge power model of automobile；
2) the electric automobile discharge power model of meter and the influence of electric automobile traffic factor is set up；The step is specially：
2.1) it is most short for target with the shortest path of electric automobile space drive route and time, set up the optimal driving of electric automobile
Route model；In the optimal drive route model of electric automobile, catalogue scalar functions Z is：
Z=min (θ1Z1+θ2Z2), θ1+θ2=1；
Wherein, Z1And Z2Respectively the shortest path object function of electric automobile space drive route and time most short object function；
θ1For the weight coefficient shared by space factor, θ2For the weight coefficient shared by time factor；
The shortest path object function Z of space drive route1With time most short object function Z2Respectively：
Constraints is：
Wherein, mkjThere is no path, m between=1 expression junction node k and junction node jkj=0 represents that junction node k is saved with crossing
There is path between point j；xkj=1 represents the section between selection junction node k and junction node j, xkj=0 represents not select road
Section between mouth node k and junction node j；dkjThe distance of path between expression junction node k and junction node j, s represents to drive
Sail circuit by way of crossing sum；tkjThe time by path between junction node k and junction node j is represented, and is had：
UkjThe average passage rate by the automobile of path between junction node k and junction node j is represented, and is had：
Wherein, Ukj sRepresent the setting speed by path between junction node k and junction node j；VkjFor junction node k and road
The vehicle flow flux of path between mouth node j；BkjRepresent the maximum vehicle by path between junction node k and junction node j
Circulation；α, β are traffic loading (Vkj/Bkj) correction factor, and have：
Wherein, q represents the junction node sum in the drive route network of electric automobile space, and l represents that electric automobile space drives
Overall number of channels present in route network, p represents that the electric automobile in the presence of the drive route network of electric automobile space is optional
Select the total number of drive route；
The optimal drive route model of electric automobile is solved using dynamic programming, determines that the working of electric automobile is optimal and drives
Sail route and optimal drive route of coming off duty；
2.2) whether broken down according to power distribution network, power distribution network is divided into malfunction and unfaulty conditions, it is determined that in power distribution network
The average discharge power of electric automobile under different conditions；Specially：
Under power distribution network unfaulty conditions, the average discharge power of electric automobile is：
Wherein, PV i 2G,tRepresent the electric automobile mean power that t is discharged to power network at load point i；QnExpression n-th is electronic
The capacity of automobile batteries；dn,1Represent the operating range of n-th optimal drive route of electric automobile working；dn,2Represent n-th electricity
Electrical automobile is come off duty the operating range of optimal drive route；cEVRepresent the energy consumption of every kilometer of electric automobile；η represents electric automobile to electricity
Net the efficiency of power supply；TV2GRepresent the duration of the peak load of electric automobile region of discharge；
Under power distribution network unfaulty conditions, the average discharge power of electric automobile is met：
PV2G,t-LPisolated≥0；
LPisolatedRepresent the isolated island load of the electric discharge of electric automobile；
Electric automobile discharge power model is used as using the average discharge power of the electric automobile under power distribution network different conditions；
3) the charging and discharging scheduling strategy of electric automobile is determined；The step is specially：
3.1) constraints of the charging and discharging scheduling of electric automobile is set up：
1. charging electric vehicle, electric discharge period constraints：
The peak load period for determining power distribution network is counted according to historical data, it is desirable to which V2G systems control electric automobile to be born in paddy
Charged when lotus period and idle state, control electric automobile to participate in power system in peak load period and idle state
Peak regulation is serviced, and on the premise of user's use is met, is only discharged to power distribution network；
2. charging electric vehicle, electric discharge access point constraints：
Each load point in power distribution network is divided according to historical data statistics and belongs to residential block or Office Area；If the charging station of load point
Position is located at city dweller's dwelling activity region, then is divided into the charging station of the load point and belongs to residential block；If load
The charging station position of point is located at business, enterprise's Administrative Area or public institution's Administrative Area, then by the charging of the load point
Station, which is divided into, belongs to Office Area；Then, according to the peak load period of power distribution network, the charging station of residential block will be belonged in power distribution network
As the access point of charging electric vehicle, the access that the charging station that Office Area is belonged in power distribution network is discharged as electric automobile
Point；
3.2) for each electric automobile in V2G systems, determine that it is charged and discharged scheduling strategy as follows：
Charging electric vehicle scheduling strategy：
1. electric automobile is idle and in the load valley period, if the state-of-charge SOC of electric automobile nowtIt is unsatisfactory for SOCt≥
SOCDrive, then V2G systems control charging electric vehicle is utilized；SOCDriveExpression meets the minimum charged shape of user's travel requirement
State；
If 2. the state-of-charge of electric automobile meets SOCt≥SOCDrive, and the charging electric vehicle period be not over, then V2G systems
System control electric automobile continues to charge, until charge period terminates or met SOCt=SOCmax；SOCmaxRepresent electric automobile
Highest state-of-charge；
Electric automobile control of discharge strategy：
1. when electric automobile is in load peak period and idle state, if the state-of-charge SOC of electric automobile nowtMeet
SOCt＞ SOCmin+SOCconsume, then the control electric automobile electric discharge of V2G systems is utilized；SOCconsumeRepresent that electric automobile is come off duty pre-
Stay the state-of-charge of electricity；SOCminRepresent the minimum state-of-charge of electric automobile；
2. when the state-of-charge of electric automobile meets SOCt=SOCmin+SOCconsume, then electric discharge is terminated；
4) according to identified charging electric vehicle and electric discharge scheduling strategy, using V2G systems are to the charging of electric automobile and put
Electricity is controlled, and realizes the distribution scheduling controlling to electric automobile.
2. the electric automobile distribution dispatch control method based on V2G technologies according to claim 1, it is characterised in that electronic
The highest state-of-charge SOC of automobilemaxWith minimum state-of-charge SOCminPreferred value be：
SOCmax=1, SOCmin=0.25.
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| CN108899924A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2018-11-27 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of power distribution network dispatching method based on electronic vehicle attitude |
| CN108899924B (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2021-05-07 | 南京理工大学 | Power distribution network scheduling method based on electric vehicle state |
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