CN107579530B - Low-frequency load shedding method and low-frequency load shedding control system for power grid - Google Patents
Low-frequency load shedding method and low-frequency load shedding control system for power grid Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-frequency load shedding method and a low-frequency load shedding control system of a power grid, wherein the frequency at the generator end is obtained through a wide-area measuring device, and the stable condition of the frequency is monitored; when the system frequency drops rapidly due to the power shortage, estimating the active power shortage; the electric vehicle management center calculates all levels of scheduling capacity and total scheduling capacity according to the state of the electric vehicle, and reports the scheduling capacity and the total scheduling capacity to the control center; the control center makes a load shedding plan and issues a load shedding instruction according to the power shortage and the scheduling capacity; the management center assigns a load shedding task to the electric automobile according to the load shedding instruction; and the control terminal controls the charging/discharging of the electric automobile according to the load shedding task, and the online low-frequency load shedding relay assists the load shedding according to the instruction. The invention dispatches the electric vehicle resources in the low-frequency load shedding process, completes the low-frequency load shedding by the centralized management and the decentralized control of the electric vehicle and taking the online low-frequency load shedding action as the assistance, quickly inhibits the frequency drop, and improves the system stability and the economical efficiency while optimizing the resource allocation.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technology of a smart power grid, in particular to a low-frequency load shedding method and a low-frequency load shedding control system of a power grid.
Background
The frequency stability is an important guarantee for maintaining the safe and stable operation of the system. Large-scale power shortage can cause the system frequency to drop rapidly, and low-frequency load shedding is an important regulation measure for preventing the frequency from dropping rapidly and preventing the frequency from collapsing. The low-frequency load reduction enables the system to reach new active power balance through wheel-by-wheel load reduction, and the safe and stable operation of the system is guaranteed.
The electric automobile is a novel vehicle and is strongly supported by governments of various countries because the energy crisis and the environmental pollution can be relieved. With the advent of a series of encouragement policies in China, electric vehicles are continuously popularized, and the electric vehicles are increasingly popularized when being connected to a power grid. The electric automobile has the dual characteristics of being provided with the charging load on the shoulder and the mobile energy storage unit, has the characteristics of high response speed, good adjusting performance, large schedulable capacity and the like, and can become an important load shedding resource on the demand side of the smart grid.
The traditional low-frequency load reduction realizes power balance by cutting off loads, and the electric automobile resources cannot be fully utilized. Therefore, if the electric automobile resources are effectively utilized in the low-frequency load shedding process, a reasonable low-frequency load shedding scheme is formulated, and the method has great significance for safe and stable operation of a power grid.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a low-frequency load shedding method which is oriented to an active smart grid and mainly aims at an electric automobile,
in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme, and the specific steps of the scheme are as follows:
1) measuring the frequency of a power grid, and calculating the active power shortage of the power system according to the generator end frequency and the frequency change rate;
2) dividing the scheduling capacity of the electric automobile into a plurality of stages according to the type and the input priority of the electric automobile, and then calculating the scheduling capacity of each stage and the total scheduling capacity of the electric automobile according to the initial charge state, the expected charge state, the current charge/discharge power and the maximum charge/discharge power of the electric automobile;
3) making a low-frequency load shedding plan according to the active power shortage in the step 1) and the total dispatching capacity of the electric vehicle in the step 2), and issuing a load shedding instruction;
4) and the electric vehicle management center dispatches a load shedding task to each electric vehicle according to the load shedding instruction, the electric vehicles charge/discharge according to the distributed tasks, and the online low-frequency load shedding relay assists in action to complete low-frequency load shedding.
The invention also provides the following auxiliary technical scheme:
further, the expression for estimating the system power shortage according to the generator-side frequency and the frequency change rate in the step 1) is shown as follows:
in the formula:
in the above equation, Δ P is the total power deficit in the system; f. ofcIs the center frequency of inertia; hi-sysIs the inertia time constant of the ith generator; siThe capacity of the ith generator; sb-sysIs the rated capacity of the system; delta PiThe power shortage at the i-th generator end; f. ofnIs a rated frequency; hiIs the inertia time constant of the ith generator; f. ofiIs the ith generator end frequency.
Further, the method for calculating the scheduling capacity of each level and the total scheduling capacity of the electric vehicle in the step 2) is as follows:
the method includes following the principle of reducing influence on users as much as possible, determining the type and the investment priority of the electric automobile according to network access requirements, and dividing the dispatching capacity of the electric automobile into four stages. The first stage is discharging at the maximum power of the discharging electric automobile, the second stage is stopping charging of the charging electric automobile, the third stage is discharging at the maximum power for maintaining the electric quantity, and the fourth stage is discharging at the maximum power for the charging electric automobile; the first level has the highest priority, and the other levels have the priority in sequence.
The expressions of the four-level scheduling capacity and the total scheduling capacity are shown as follows:
PEV,4＝n*Pmax
PEV＝PEV,1+PEV,2+PEV,3+PEV,4
in the above formula, PmaxFor maximum discharge power, P, of an electric vehicleEV,1A first level schedulable capacity; z is the number of discharge type electric vehicles; pd,iThe current discharge power of the ith electric vehicle is the discharge type; pEV,2A second schedulable capacity; pc,iThe current charging power of the ith charging type electric automobile is obtained; n is the number of the charging electric automobiles; pEV,3A third level schedulable capacity; pm,iThe current charging/discharging power of the ith electric automobile is the maintenance electric quantity class; k is the number of electric vehicles maintaining electric quantity; pEV,4Is a fourth schedulable capacity; pEVAnd (4) the total dispatching capacity of the electric automobile.
Further, the low-frequency load shedding plan of the step 3) is formulated as follows:
to prevent over-cutting, the low frequency load shedding cut is calculated as follows:
Pshed＝1.05*(ΔP-Pthr)
in the formula: pshedThe load to be cut off; pthrAllowing a minimum power deficit for the system;
in order to fully utilize the electric automobile resources and make a load shedding plan, a load shedding task is assigned to the electric automobile as much as possible, when Pshed≤PEVWhen the load shedding task is completely assigned to the electric automobile, when Pshed＞PEVWhen the electric automobile is put into use, the rest part is cut off by the low-frequency load shedding device; the load reduction mode adopts the turn-by-turn input, 5 basic turns are arranged, the delay time is set to be 0.35 second, and the cutting amount of the first and second turns is set to be 0.25PshedThe three-wheel and four-wheel cutting amount is 0.2PshedThe fifth round of excision was 0.1PshedThe basic wheel preferentially calls the electric automobile resources according to the turns, if the electric automobile resources are insufficient, the low-frequency load shedding is started, 3 special wheels are arranged, and the cutting amount of each wheel is equalIs 0.1PshedThe delay time is 15 seconds, the level difference is 5 seconds, the special wheel gives priority to the electric automobile resource according to the situation after the basic wheel is put into use, and if the special wheel is insufficient, the low frequency is reduced.
Further, the dispatching rule of the electric vehicle load shedding task in the step 4) is as follows:
the management center determines the load shedding task of the electric automobile and the cutting amount of each round according to the load shedding instruction, and the electric automobile is put into the scheduling process of each round step by step according to the scheduling priority specified in the claim 2; in the scheduling process, if the current scheduling capacity of the current stage is smaller than the round cutting amount, the scheduling capacity of the current stage is completely input, and the scheduling capacity of the next stage is called; if the current schedulable capacity of the current level is larger than the switching amount of the round, dispatching a load shedding task according to the scheduling capability of the electric vehicle, wherein the dispatching method of the load shedding task is as follows:
in the above-mentioned formula, the compound of formula,
the maximum discharge power allowed in the I level for the ith electric automobile; piThe current charging/discharging power of the ith electric automobile;
schedulable capacity for the ith electric vehicle within class I; pshed,IThe total number of offloading tasks dispatched to level I; ps,iCarrying out a load shedding task in the level I of the ith electric vehicle; pEV，IThe capacity is schedulable for level I.
The invention also provides a low-frequency load shedding control system, which comprises a power grid control center, an electric automobile management center, an online low-frequency load shedding relay and interface circuits, wherein each interface circuit comprises a communication module and a V2G control module, the communication modules are respectively in two-way communication with the electric automobile management center and the V2G control module and are used for acquiring the current charging/discharging power, the maximum charging/discharging power, the current SOC, the expected SOC and the allowed maximum and minimum SOC of the electric automobile, determining the type and schedulable capacity of the current electric automobile, uploading the information to the management center and receiving the dispatching task of the electric automobile management center; the V2G control module is used for controlling the charging and discharging of the electric automobile according to the charging and discharging instructions; the electric vehicle management center is also in two-way communication with the control center and is used for calculating and uploading scheduling capacity of each level and total scheduling capacity and dispatching a load shedding task.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the method is characterized in that electric vehicle resources are scheduled in the low-frequency load shedding process, distributed control is conducted through electric vehicle centralized management, online low-frequency load shedding action is taken as assistance, low-frequency load shedding is completed, frequency drop is rapidly inhibited, and the stability and the economical efficiency of the system are improved while resource allocation is optimized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the related art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description only relate to some embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a low frequency load shedding system of a low frequency load shedding method according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a low frequency load shedding method according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, there will now be described in detail, with reference to the accompanying drawings, a non-limiting detailed description of the present invention.
The invention provides a low-frequency load shedding method taking an electric automobile as an object based on the scattered network access characteristic of the electric automobile, and establishes a control system for the electric automobile to participate in low-frequency load shedding. Referring to fig. 1, the system principle framework includes: the system comprises a power grid control center, an electric automobile management center, a low-frequency load shedding relay and interface circuits, wherein each interface circuit comprises a communication module and a V2G control module, the communication modules are respectively in two-way communication with the electric automobile management center and the V2G control module and are used for acquiring the current charging/discharging power, the maximum charging/discharging power, the current SOC, the expected SOC and the allowed maximum and minimum SOCs of the electric automobile, determining the type and schedulable capacity of the current electric automobile, uploading the information to the management center and receiving the dispatching task of the electric automobile management center; the V2G control module is used for controlling the charging and discharging of the electric automobile according to the charging and discharging instructions; the electric vehicle management center is also in two-way communication with the control center and is used for calculating and uploading scheduling capacity of each level and total scheduling capacity and dispatching a load shedding task. The management center is responsible for calculating and uploading scheduling capacity of each level and total scheduling capacity, and dispatching a load shedding task. The control center is responsible for calculating the shortage, receiving the schedulable capacity, making a low-frequency load shedding plan and issuing a load shedding instruction.
In the scheme, the principle of the low-frequency load shedding method for the active smart grid with the electric vehicle as a main object is as follows: when power shortage and frequency rapid drop occur, the control center estimates the power shortage according to the generator end frequency, the frequency change rate and the generator inertia time constant, and establishes a load shedding plan by combining the schedulable capacity of the electric automobile and issues a load shedding instruction; the management center dispatches the load shedding task according to the load shedding instruction; and the electric automobile is charged/discharged according to the assigned load shedding task, and the online low-frequency load shedding relay assists to act to complete low-frequency load shedding.
With reference to fig. 1 and 2, the method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
according to the requirements of electric automobile users and the networking characteristics of the electric automobile users, establishing an electric automobile cluster classification model, building a control framework for the electric automobiles to participate in low-frequency load shedding based on distributed control centralized management, and then executing the following steps:
step 1: monitoring the state of a power grid, judging whether the frequency is normal or not, and if the frequency is within a normal range, not starting low-frequency load shedding; if the frequency is lower than the threshold value, starting low-frequency load shedding, and executing the step 2;
step 2: measuring the frequency of a power grid, and estimating the active power shortage of the power system according to the generator end frequency and the frequency change rate;
and step 3: the electric vehicle management center calculates each level of scheduling capacity and total scheduling capacity of the electric vehicle according to the initial charge state, the expected charge state, the current charging/discharging power and the maximum charging/discharging power of the electric vehicle;
and 4, step 4: the control center makes a low-frequency load shedding plan according to the power shortage and the electric automobile dispatching capacity, and issues a load shedding instruction;
and 5: the electric automobile management center dispatches a load shedding task to each electric automobile according to the load shedding instruction, the electric automobiles charge/discharge according to the distributed tasks, and the online low-frequency load shedding relay assists in action to complete low-frequency load shedding;
step 6: and step 1 is executed again, the state of the power grid is monitored, and whether the frequency of the power grid is normal or not is judged.
In the above embodiment, the method for estimating the power shortage of the system is as follows:
in the formula:
in the above equation, Δ P is the total power deficit in the system; f. ofcIs the center frequency of inertia; hi-sysIs the inertia time constant of the ith generator; siThe capacity of the ith generator; sb-sysIs the rated capacity of the system; delta PiThe power shortage at the i-th generator end; f. ofnIs a rated frequency; hiIs the inertia time constant of the ith generator; f. ofiIs the ith generator end frequency.
The method for calculating the step scheduling capacity and the total scheduling capacity of the electric automobile comprises the following steps:
the method includes following the principle of reducing influence on users as much as possible, determining the type and the investment priority of the electric automobile according to network access requirements, and dividing the dispatching capacity of the electric automobile into four stages. The first stage is discharging at the maximum power of the discharging electric automobile, the second stage is stopping charging of the charging electric automobile, the third stage is discharging at the maximum power for maintaining the electric quantity, and the fourth stage is discharging at the maximum power for the charging electric automobile; the first level has the highest priority, and the other levels have priority in turn, and the following method is a four-level scheduling capacity and total scheduling capacity calculation method:
PEV,4＝n*Pmax
PEV＝PEV,1+PEV,2+PEV,3+PEV,4
in the above formula, PmaxFor maximum discharge power, P, of an electric vehicleEV,1A first level schedulable capacity; z is the number of discharge type electric vehicles; pd,iThe current discharge power of the ith electric vehicle is the discharge type; pEV,2A second schedulable capacity; pc,iThe current charging power of the ith charging type electric automobile is obtained; n is the number of the charging electric automobiles; pEV,3A third level schedulable capacity; pm,iThe current charging/discharging power of the ith electric automobile is the maintenance electric quantity class; k is the number of electric vehicles maintaining electric quantity; pEV,4Is a fourth schedulable capacity; pEVAnd (4) the total dispatching capacity of the electric automobile.
Making a low-frequency load shedding plan principle:
to prevent over-cutting, the low frequency load shedding cut is calculated as follows:
Pshed＝1.05*(ΔP-Pthr)
in the formula: pshedThe load to be cut off; pthrAllowing a minimum power deficit for the system;
in order to fully utilize the electric automobile resources and make a load shedding plan, a load shedding task is assigned to the electric automobile as much as possible, when Pshed≤PEVWhen the load shedding task is completely assigned to the electric automobile, when Pshed＞PEVWhen the electric automobile is put into use, the rest part is cut off by the low-frequency load shedding device; the load reduction mode adopts the turn-by-turn input, 5 basic turns are arranged, the delay time is set to be 0.35 second, and the cutting amount of the first and second turns is set to be 0.25PshedThe three-wheel and four-wheel cutting amount is 0.2PshedThe fifth round of excision was 0.1PshedThe basic wheel preferentially calls the electric automobile resources according to the turns, if the electric automobile resources are insufficient, the low-frequency load shedding is started, 3 special wheels are arranged, and the cutting amount of each wheel is 0.1PshedThe delay time is 15 seconds, the level difference is 5 seconds, the special wheel gives priority to the electric automobile resource according to the situation after the basic wheel is put into use, and if the special wheel is insufficient, the low-frequency load shedding is started.
The dispatching rule of the electric vehicle load shedding task is as follows:
the management center determines the load shedding task of the electric automobile and the cutting amount of each round according to the load shedding instruction, and the electric automobile is put into the scheduling process of each round step by step according to the scheduling priority specified in the claim 2; in the scheduling process, if the current scheduling capacity of the current stage is smaller than the round cutting amount, the scheduling capacity of the current stage is completely input, and the scheduling capacity of the next stage is called; if the current schedulable capacity of the current level is larger than the switching amount of the round, dispatching a load shedding task according to the scheduling capability of the electric vehicle, wherein the dispatching method of the load shedding task is as follows:
in the above-mentioned formula, the compound of formula,
the maximum discharge power allowed in the I level for the ith electric automobile; piThe current charging/discharging power of the ith electric automobile;
is the ith electric automobileSchedulable capacity within class I; pshed,IThe total number of offloading tasks dispatched to level I; ps,iCarrying out a load shedding task in the level I of the ith electric vehicle; pEV，IThe capacity is schedulable for level I.
In summary, the invention provides a low-frequency load shedding method taking an electric vehicle as an object based on the decentralized network access characteristic of the electric vehicle, and establishes a control framework for the electric vehicle to participate in low-frequency load shedding; the framework comprises an electric vehicle battery, a communication module, a V2G control, a management center, a control center and an online low-frequency load shedding relay. When power shortage and frequency rapid drop occur, the control center estimates the power shortage according to the generator end frequency, the frequency change rate and the generator inertia time constant, and establishes a load shedding plan by combining the schedulable capacity of the electric automobile and issues a load shedding instruction; the management center dispatches the load shedding task according to the load shedding instruction; the electric automobile controls the charging/discharging on-line low-frequency load shedding relay to perform auxiliary action according to the assigned load shedding task so as to complete low-frequency load shedding. In the low-frequency load shedding process, the resources of the electric automobile are preferentially scheduled, the auxiliary action of the online low-frequency load shedding relay is called, the low-frequency load shedding is completed, the load shedding amount can be reduced while the frequency drop is rapidly inhibited, the resource allocation is optimized, and the stability and the economical efficiency of the system are improved.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concepts and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The low-frequency load shedding method of the power grid is oriented to an active smart power grid and takes an electric vehicle as an object, and comprises the following steps of:
1) measuring the frequency of a power grid, and calculating the active power shortage of the power system according to the generator end frequency and the frequency change rate, wherein the expression is as follows:
in the formula:
in the above equation, Δ P is the total power deficit in the system; f. ofcIs the center frequency of inertia; hi-sysIs the inertia time constant of the ith generator; siThe capacity of the ith generator; sb-sysIs the rated capacity of the system; delta PiThe power shortage at the i-th generator end; f. ofnIs a rated frequency; hiIs the inertia time constant of the ith generator; f. ofiThe frequency of the ith generator end;
2) dividing the scheduling capacity of the electric automobile into a plurality of stages according to the type and the input priority of the electric automobile, and then calculating the scheduling capacity of each stage and the total scheduling capacity of the electric automobile according to the initial charge state, the expected charge state, the current charge/discharge power and the maximum charge/discharge power of the electric automobile; the electric automobile dispatching capacity is divided into a plurality of stages including: the method comprises the following steps of dividing the dispatching capacity of the electric automobile into four stages, wherein the first stage is discharging of the discharging electric automobile with the maximum power, the second stage is stopping charging of the charging electric automobile, the third stage is maintaining of discharging of the electric automobile with the maximum power, and the fourth stage is discharging of the charging electric automobile with the maximum power; the expressions of the scheduling capacity of each level and the total scheduling capacity of the electric automobile are shown as follows:
PEV,4＝n*Pmax；
PEV＝PEV,1+PEV,2+PEV,3+PEV,4；
in the above formula, PmaxFor maximum discharge power, P, of an electric vehicleEV,1A first level schedulable capacity; z is the number of discharge type electric vehicles; pd,iThe current discharge power of the ith electric vehicle is the discharge type; pEV,2A second schedulable capacity; pc,iThe current charging power of the ith charging type electric automobile is obtained; n is the number of the charging electric automobiles; pEV,3A third level schedulable capacity; pm,iThe current charging/discharging power of the ith electric automobile is the maintenance electric quantity class; k is the number of electric vehicles maintaining electric quantity; pEV,4Is a fourth schedulable capacity; pEVThe total dispatching capacity of the electric automobile is obtained;
3) making a low-frequency load shedding plan according to the active power shortage in the step 1) and the scheduling capacities and the total scheduling capacity of the electric automobile in the step 2), and issuing a load shedding instruction, wherein an expression of the low-frequency load shedding and cutting-off amount of the electric automobile is shown as follows:
Pshed＝1.05*(ΔP-Pthr)
in the above formula, PshedThe load to be cut off; pthrAllowing a minimum power deficit for the system;
4) the electric automobile management center dispatches the load shedding task for each electric automobile according to the load shedding instruction, the electric automobile charges/discharges according to the assigned task, the online low-frequency load shedding relay assists the action, the low-frequency load shedding is completed, and the dispatching load shedding task for each electric automobile comprises:
when P is presentshed≤PEVIn time, the load shedding tasks are all assigned to the electric automobile;
when P is presentshed＞PEVWhen the electric automobile is put into use, the rest part is cut off by the low-frequency load shedding device;
if the current schedulable capacity of the current stage is smaller than the current round cutting amount, the schedulable capacity of the current stage is completely input, and the next schedulable capacity is called;
if the current schedulable capacity of the current level is larger than the switching amount of the current round, dispatching the load shedding task according to the scheduling capability of the electric vehicle, wherein the dispatching method of the load shedding task is as follows:
in the above-mentioned formula, the compound of formula,
the maximum discharge power allowed in the I level for the ith electric automobile; piThe current charging/discharging power of the ith electric automobile; pi ISchedulable capacity for the ith electric vehicle within class I; pshed,IThe total number of offloading tasks dispatched to level I; ps,iCarrying out a load shedding task in the level I of the ith electric vehicle; pEV，IFor level I schedulable capacity, I refers to one, two, three or four.
2. A low frequency load shedding control system of a low frequency load shedding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the system comprises a power grid control center, an electric vehicle management center, a low-frequency load shedding relay and interface circuits, wherein each interface circuit comprises a communication module and a V2G control module,
the communication module is in bidirectional communication with the electric vehicle management center and the V2G control module respectively, and is used for acquiring the current charging/discharging power, the maximum charging/discharging power, the current SOC, the expected SOC and the allowed maximum and minimum SOCs of the electric vehicle, determining the type and schedulable capacity of the current electric vehicle, uploading the information to the management center and receiving the task dispatched by the electric vehicle management center;
the V2G control module is used for controlling the charging and discharging of the electric automobile according to the charging and discharging instructions;
the electric vehicle management center is also in two-way communication with the control center and is used for calculating and uploading scheduling capacity of each level and total scheduling capacity and dispatching a load shedding task.
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| CN109033644B (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2021-01-26 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Power shortage calculation method and device |
| CN110311391B (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2022-12-02 | 三峡大学 | Low-frequency load shedding method for jointly participating in frequency modulation of electric automobile and air conditioner |
| CN110429614B (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2020-10-23 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Distributed energy storage device frequency control method simulating low-frequency load shedding control mode |
| CN112600236B (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2023-02-28 | 国电南瑞科技股份有限公司 | Frequency centralized correction control method and system based on multi-source flexible power fast adjustment |
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