CN111489009A - Optimal calculation method and device for operation mode of electric vehicle charging station - Google Patents
Optimal calculation method and device for operation mode of electric vehicle charging station Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of electric power systems, in particular to an optimization calculation method for an operation mode of an electric vehicle charging station. The invention comprises the following steps: modeling an electric vehicle charging station in a flexible control mode; electric vehicle charging station and renewable energy consumption are considered, and an electric power system is optimized and modeled; and optimally calculating the charge and discharge power and the compensation cost of the battery of the electric automobile. According to the invention, on the premise of ensuring that the power consumption is not changed in the dispatching cycle, the optimal control of the electric vehicle charging station is realized through charge-discharge power transfer, and the electric quantity of the renewable energy is effectively reduced. The method comprehensively considers factors such as power consumption constraint, power consumption power climbing constraint modeling, energy storage state of charge (SOC) constraint, power system load balance constraint, tie line injection power constraint and the like of the electric vehicle charging station, the calculation result is more consistent with the actual power system scheduling condition, and the most intuitive judgment basis can be provided for a dispatcher.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric power systems, in particular to an optimal calculation method and device for an electric vehicle charging station operation mode.
Background
Under the dual crisis of fossil energy and environmental pollution, the vigorous development and utilization of renewable energy is an effective way to solve this problem. The invention mainly refers to wind power and solar power generation, and the scheduling operation of a traditional power distribution network can be greatly influenced under the condition of large-scale renewable energy power generation grid connection. With the improvement of the battery energy storage technology and the massive popularization of electric automobiles, the load side can also embody the flexible characteristic to participate in the dispatching of the power system, and the method becomes an important means for promoting the consumption of renewable energy sources, realizing peak clipping and valley filling and improving the flexibility regulation of a power distribution network.
At the present stage, the popularization of electric automobiles is greatly promoted by countries, the sales volume of electric automobiles in China is continuously increased from 2012 to 2016, the sales volume of electric automobiles in 2016 reaches 23.32 thousands, and the pure electric automobiles take electric power as driving force, so that the dependence of traditional fuel oil automobiles on fossil energy is reduced. According to investigation, the electric automobile of the user is in a parking state 90% of the time, and the potential of utilizing the electric automobile to carry out mobile distributed energy storage is great. The charging power of a single electric automobile is low, and generally, the electric automobile charging station is adopted to carry out unified management on charging and discharging of the electric automobile, so that ordered charging and discharging of the electric automobile are realized. After receiving a control command issued by a power grid, the electric vehicle charging station acquires the number of the current electric vehicle charging stations and the SOC value of each electric vehicle, obtains the charging power of each electric vehicle through optimization calculation, and increases and decreases the load power.
At present, the related research of the operation mode of the electric vehicle charging station mainly focuses on the research of the control mode as a controllable flexible load, and the research result does not accord with the actual power system dispatching situation and can not provide an effective basis for the power system dispatching operation personnel.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an optimal calculation method and device for an electric vehicle charging station operation mode. The invention quantifies the relationship between the overall charge-discharge power of the electric automobile charging station and the charge-discharge power of a single electric automobile, and realizes the optimal calculation of the charge-discharge power and the compensation cost of the electric automobile battery.
Based on the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides an optimization calculation method for an electric vehicle charging station operation mode, which comprises the following steps:
determining an electric vehicle SOC value expected to be reached when the electric vehicle finishes charging according to a predetermined charging and discharging power relation in a preset period of an electric vehicle charging station, a power utilization power climbing constraint of the electric vehicle charging station and an energy storage SOC relation between the electric vehicle charging station and the electric vehicle;
calculating the charging power of the electric vehicle charging station of each time section according to the expected electric vehicle SOC value and a pre-constructed electric vehicle charging station and renewable energy consumption electric power system model; the electric vehicle charging station and the electric power system model for the renewable energy consumption are characterized in that the electric vehicle charging station is used as a controllable flexible load, and the maximum renewable energy generating capacity is used as a target;
and calculating the charging and discharging power and the compensation cost of the electric vehicle battery according to the charging power of the electric vehicle charging station on each time section.
The determining of the charging and discharging power relation in the preset period of the electric vehicle charging station comprises the following steps: modeling the power consumption of the electric vehicle charging station, wherein the electric vehicle charging station is used as a transferable load model, and the total power consumption before and after the charging power transfer of the electric vehicle charging station is consistent, as shown in formula (1):
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
representing the charging power of the electric vehicle charging station at the moment t before the response;
representing the power consumption of the electric vehicle charging station at the moment t after the response;
the charging power of the electric vehicle charging station at the moment t;
the discharge power of the electric vehicle charging station at the moment t; and T is the length of the calculation period.
The electric power climbing restraint for determining the electric vehicle charging station comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out electric power climbing constraint modeling on an electric vehicle charging station, keeping charging power fluctuation of the electric vehicle charging station within an acceptance range, and obtaining an electric vehicle charging station power curve according to an equation (2):
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
respectively represents the maximum value of the power of the electric vehicle charging station which can climb up and down in 1 dispatching cycle as the transferable load.
The determining of the energy storage state of charge (SOC) relationship between the electric vehicle charging station and the electric vehicle comprises the following steps:
energy storage charge state SO of electric vehicle charging stationC, modeling, wherein an SOC calculation formula of the electric vehicle charging station is expressed as a current energy storage electric quantity E according to a formula (3)remCan store the maximum electric quantity E with the energy storage batterymaxThe ratio of (A) to (B); the charging and discharging power and the SOC of the electric automobile flexibly controlled in the charging period satisfy the formula (4); wherein, the relation between the SOC of the electric vehicle charging station and the SOC of each electric vehicle at the time 0 and the time T is shown in the following equations (5) and (6):
in the formula, SOC (0) is the SOC value of the initial charging of the electric automobile; SOC (T) is an SOC value expected to be reached when the charging of the user is finished; Δ T is 1 scheduling period; SOCiThe energy storage charge state of the ith electric vehicle;
the battery of the ith electric automobile can store the maximum electric quantity.
The process for establishing the electric vehicle charging station and renewable energy consumption electric power system model comprises the following steps:
establishing an electric power system optimization calculation objective function considering electric vehicle charging stations and renewable energy consumption;
determining constraints of the objective function, the constraints comprising: load balancing constraints and tie line injected power upper and lower limit constraints.
The objective function, see formula (7):
in the formula, Pw(t) wind power output at time t, PpvAnd (t) is the solar power generation output at the time t.
The load balance constraint is shown in formula (8):
in the formula, PPCC(t) injecting active power, P, into the tie line at time tl(t) load power consumption at time t;
charging power for the electric vehicle charging station of each time section;
the upper limit and the lower limit of the injected power of the junctor are restricted, see formula (9):
PPCC,min≤PPCC(t)≤PPCC,max(9)。
according to the electric automobile charging station charging power of each time section, calculating the electric automobile battery charging and discharging power and the compensation cost, and the method comprises the following steps:
obtaining the calling power of the ith electric vehicle at the time t according to the expected SOC value of the electric vehicle, and according to an expression (10):
in the above formula:
the energy storage charge state before the calling for the ith electric vehicle at the moment t,
the energy storage charge state called for the ith electric automobile at the moment t,
the maximum electric quantity can be stored for the battery of the ith electric automobile;
the calling power of the ith electric automobile at the moment t;
calculating the calling compensation cost of the ith electric automobile according to the following formula
See formula (11):
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the cost is compensated for the unit capacity of the ith electric vehicle.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides an optimization calculation apparatus for an electric vehicle charging station operation mode, including:
a memory for storing a computer program;
the optimization calculation method is used for executing the computer program to realize the operation mode of the electric vehicle charging station.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a computer storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, where the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method for calculating an optimization of an electric vehicle charging station operation mode as described above.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides an optimal calculation method and device for an electric vehicle charging station operation mode and a computer storage medium, which are used for performing optimal modeling on schedulability of the electric vehicle charging station, realize optimal control on the electric vehicle charging station through charge-discharge power transfer on the premise of ensuring that the power consumption is not changed in a scheduling period, and effectively reduce the electric energy waste of renewable energy sources.
2. In the process of optimally calculating the combined operation of the electric vehicle charging station and the renewable energy power generation, the factors of electric quantity constraint, power consumption power climbing constraint modeling, energy storage state of charge (SOC) constraint, power system load balance constraint, tie line injection power constraint and the like of the electric vehicle charging station are comprehensively considered, the calculation result is more consistent with the actual power system scheduling condition, and the most intuitive judgment basis can be provided for power system scheduling operation personnel.
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The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments for facilitating understanding and practicing of the invention by those of ordinary skill in the art, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited by the specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating an optimization calculation of an operation mode of an electric vehicle charging station according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to an optimal calculation method and device for an electric vehicle charging station operation mode and a computer storage medium. The constraint conditions of the electric vehicle charging station control model are composed of power consumption constraint, climbing power constraint and energy storage charge state constraint, and the single electric vehicle calling compensation cost is calculated based on the moment-by-moment calling power.
Example 1
The invention specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: determining an electric vehicle SOC value expected to be reached when the electric vehicle finishes charging according to a predetermined charging and discharging power relation in a preset period of an electric vehicle charging station, a power utilization power climbing constraint of the electric vehicle charging station and an energy storage SOC relation between the electric vehicle charging station and the electric vehicle;
step 2: calculating the charging power of the electric vehicle charging station of each time section according to the expected electric vehicle SOC value and a pre-constructed electric vehicle charging station and renewable energy consumption electric power system model; the electric vehicle charging station and the electric power system model for the renewable energy consumption are characterized in that the electric vehicle charging station is used as a controllable flexible load, and the maximum renewable energy generating capacity is used as a target;
and step 3: and calculating the charging and discharging power of the electric vehicle battery and optimizing and calculating the compensation cost according to the charging power of the electric vehicle charging station on each time section.
Example 2
The following describes a specific implementation flow of the present invention with reference to an optimization calculation flow chart of the operation mode of the electric vehicle charging station in fig. 1.
The step 1 of determining the relation of charging and discharging power in the preset period of the electric vehicle charging station comprises the following steps:
step 1-1: modeling the power consumption of the electric vehicle charging station, wherein the electric vehicle charging station is used as a transferable load model, and the total power consumption before and after the charging power transfer of the electric vehicle charging station is consistent, as shown in formula (1):
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
representing the charging power of the electric vehicle charging station at the moment t before the response;
representing the power consumption of the electric vehicle charging station at the moment t after the response;
the charging power of the electric vehicle charging station at the moment t;
the discharge power of the electric vehicle charging station at the moment t; and T is the length of the calculation period.
Step 1-2: determining the electric power climbing constraint of the electric vehicle charging station, comprising: the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out electric vehicle charging station power utilization climbing constraint modeling, wherein the charging power fluctuation of the electric vehicle charging station is kept within an acceptable range, and the method is shown in formula (2):
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
respectively, the maximum value of the power of the electric vehicle charging station which can climb up and down in 1 dispatching cycle as the transferable load, and the time length of the 1 dispatching cycle is usually 15 minutes.
Step 1-3: determining the energy storage state of charge (SOC) relationship between an electric vehicle charging station and an electric vehicle, comprising: the energy storage state of charge (SOC) of the electric vehicle charging station is modeled, and the SOC calculation formula of the electric vehicle charging station is expressed as a current energy storage electric quantity E according to a formula (3)remCan store the maximum electric quantity E with the energy storage batterymaxThe ratio of. The charging and discharging power and the SOC of the electric automobile flexibly controlled in the charging period satisfy the formula (4). The relation between the electric vehicle charging station SOC and the SOC of each electric vehicle at time 0 and time T is shown in equations (5) and (6).
In the formula, SOC (0) is the SOC value of the initial charging of the electric automobile; SOC (T) is an SOC value expected to be reached when the charging of the user is finished; Δ T is 1 scheduling period; SOCiThe energy storage charge state of the ith electric vehicle;
the battery of the ith electric automobile can store the maximum electric quantity.
The process of establishing the electric vehicle charging station and renewable energy consumption electric power system model in the step 2 includes: establishing an electric power system optimization calculation objective function considering electric vehicle charging stations and renewable energy consumption; determining constraints of the objective function, the constraints comprising: load balance constraint and tie line injection power upper and lower limit constraint; and calculating the charging power of the electric vehicle charging station of each time section.
Step 2-1: establishing an electric power system optimization calculation objective function considering electric vehicle charging stations and renewable energy consumption, and determining constraint conditions of the objective function, wherein the constraint conditions comprise: load balancing constraints and tie line injected power upper and lower limit constraints.
Calculating charging power of electric vehicle charging station of each time section
And (4) maximizing the generated energy of the renewable energy sources in the calculation period, wherein the objective function is shown in the formula (7).
In the formula, Pw(t) wind power output at time t, PpvAnd (t) is the solar power generation output at the time t.
Step 2-2: and (5) load balance constraint, see formula (8).
In the formula, PPCC(t) injecting active power, P, into the tie line at time tl(t) is the load electric power at time t,
for each oneAnd (4) charging power of the electric vehicle charging station on the time section.
Step 2-3: the upper and lower limits of the injected power of the tie line are constrained, see equation (9).
PPCC,min≤PPCC(t)≤PPCC,max(9)
Step 2-4: and finally, optimizing and calculating the mathematical model established by the new method to obtain the charging power of the electric vehicle charging station of each time section
The optimal operation of charging and discharging of the renewable energy power generation and the electric vehicle charging station is realized, and the maximum renewable energy power generation is realized.
The step 3: according to the electric automobile charging station charging power of every time section, calculate electric automobile battery charge-discharge power and compensation cost, include:
step 3-1: and (4) obtaining the calling power of the ith electric vehicle at the time t according to the SOC value of the electric vehicle calculated in the step 1, see an expression (10).
In the above formula:
the energy storage charge state before the calling for the ith electric vehicle at the moment t,
the energy storage charge state called for the ith electric automobile at the moment t,
the maximum electric quantity can be stored for the battery of the ith electric automobile;
the power is called for the ith electric automobile at the moment t.
Step 3-2: according to the following formulaCalculating the calling compensation cost of the ith electric automobile
See formula (11).
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the cost is compensated for the unit capacity of the ith electric vehicle.
Example 3
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the invention also provides an optimization calculation device for the operation mode of the electric vehicle charging station, the principle for solving the technical problems is similar to that of an optimization calculation method for the operation mode of the electric vehicle charging station, and repeated parts are not repeated.
The optimization calculation device for the operation mode of the electric vehicle charging station comprises:
a memory for storing a computer program;
the method for executing the computer program to realize the optimization calculation of the operation mode of the electric vehicle charging station according to the embodiment 1 or 2.
Example 4
Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer storage medium, where a computer program is stored on the computer storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method for calculating an optimization of an operation mode of an electric vehicle charging station according to embodiment 1 or 2 are implemented.
Embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: the discussion of any embodiment above is meant to be exemplary only, and is not intended to intimate that the scope of the disclosure, including the claims, is limited to these examples; within the idea of the invention, also features in the above embodiments or in different embodiments may be combined, steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the invention as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity.
The embodiments of the invention are intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variances that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, substitutions, improvements and the like that may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An optimization calculation method for an electric vehicle charging station operation mode is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
determining an electric vehicle SOC value expected to be reached when the electric vehicle finishes charging according to a predetermined charging and discharging power relation in a preset period of an electric vehicle charging station, a power utilization power climbing constraint of the electric vehicle charging station and an energy storage SOC relation between the electric vehicle charging station and the electric vehicle;
calculating the charging power of the electric vehicle charging station of each time section according to the expected electric vehicle SOC value and a pre-constructed electric vehicle charging station and renewable energy consumption electric power system model; the electric vehicle charging station and the electric power system model for the renewable energy consumption are characterized in that the electric vehicle charging station is used as a controllable flexible load, and the maximum renewable energy generating capacity is used as a target;
and calculating the charging and discharging power and the compensation cost of the electric vehicle battery according to the charging power of the electric vehicle charging station on each time section.
2. The method for calculating the optimization of the operation mode of the electric vehicle charging station as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the determining of the charging and discharging power relation in the preset period of the electric vehicle charging station comprises the following steps: modeling the power consumption of the electric vehicle charging station, wherein the electric vehicle charging station is used as a transferable load model, and the total power consumption before and after the charging power transfer of the electric vehicle charging station is consistent, as shown in formula (1):
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
representing the charging power of the electric vehicle charging station at the moment t before the response;
representing the power consumption of the electric vehicle charging station at the moment t after the response;
the charging power of the electric vehicle charging station at the moment t;
the discharge power of the electric vehicle charging station at the moment t; and T is the length of the calculation period.
3. The method for calculating the optimization of the operation mode of the electric vehicle charging station as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the electric power climbing restraint for determining the electric vehicle charging station comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out electric power climbing constraint modeling on an electric vehicle charging station, keeping charging power fluctuation of the electric vehicle charging station within an acceptance range, and obtaining an electric vehicle charging station power curve according to an equation (2):
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
respectively represents the maximum value of the power of the electric vehicle charging station which can climb up and down in 1 dispatching cycle as the transferable load.
4. The method for calculating the optimization of the operation mode of the electric vehicle charging station as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the determining of the energy storage state of charge (SOC) relationship between the electric vehicle charging station and the electric vehicle comprises the following steps:
electric driveThe energy storage state of charge (SOC) of the electric vehicle charging station is modeled, and the SOC calculation formula of the electric vehicle charging station is expressed as a current energy storage electric quantity E according to a formula (3)remCan store the maximum electric quantity E with the energy storage batterymaxThe ratio of (A) to (B); the charging and discharging power and the SOC of the electric automobile flexibly controlled in the charging period satisfy the formula (4); wherein, the relation between the SOC of the electric vehicle charging station and the SOC of each electric vehicle at the time 0 and the time T is shown in the following equations (5) and (6):
in the formula, SOC (0) is the SOC value of the initial charging of the electric automobile; SOC (T) is an SOC value expected to be reached when the charging of the user is finished; Δ T is 1 scheduling period; SOCiThe energy storage charge state of the ith electric vehicle;
the battery of the ith electric automobile can store the maximum electric quantity.
5. The method for calculating the optimization of the operation mode of the electric vehicle charging station as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the process for establishing the electric vehicle charging station and renewable energy consumption electric power system model comprises the following steps:
establishing an electric power system optimization calculation objective function considering electric vehicle charging stations and renewable energy consumption;
determining constraints of the objective function, the constraints comprising: load balancing constraints and tie line injected power upper and lower limit constraints.
6. The method for calculating the optimization of the operation mode of the electric vehicle charging station as claimed in claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the objective function, see formula (7):
in the formula, Pw(t) wind power output at time t, PpvAnd (t) is the solar power generation output at the time t.
7. The method for calculating the optimization of the operation mode of the electric vehicle charging station as claimed in claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the load balance constraint is shown in formula (8):
in the formula, PPCC(t) injecting active power into the tie line at time t; pl(t) load power consumption at time t;
charging power for the electric vehicle charging station of each time section;
the upper limit and the lower limit of the injected power of the junctor are restricted, see formula (9):
PPCC,min≤PPCC(t)≤PPCC,max(9)。
8. the method for calculating the optimization of the operation mode of the electric vehicle charging station as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: according to the electric automobile charging station charging power of each time section, calculating the electric automobile battery charging and discharging power and the compensation cost, and the method comprises the following steps:
obtaining the calling power of the ith electric vehicle at the time t according to the expected SOC value of the electric vehicle, and according to an expression (10):
in the above formula:
the energy storage charge state before the calling for the ith electric vehicle at the moment t,
the energy storage charge state called for the ith electric automobile at the moment t,
the maximum electric quantity can be stored for the battery of the ith electric automobile;
the calling power of the ith electric automobile at the moment t;
calculating the calling compensation cost of the ith electric automobile according to the following formula
See formula (11):
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the cost is compensated for the unit capacity of the ith electric vehicle.
9. An optimization calculation device for an operation mode of an electric vehicle charging station is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
a memory for storing a computer program;
an optimization calculation method for executing the computer program to realize the operation mode of the electric vehicle charging station according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A computer storage medium, characterized in that the computer storage medium has a computer program stored thereon, and the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method for calculating an optimization of an electric vehicle charging station operation mode according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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